8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
1/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
PREAMBLES TO ALL TRADES
GENERAL
A Abbreviations
Throughout these Bills Of Quantities the following
abbreviations have been used:-
m3 = Metre Cubes
m2 = Metre Square
m = Metre
No/Nr = Number
kg = Kilogramme
B Instructions On Pricing
Trade preambles are descriptions of materials and
workmanship and other matter relating to the works
and shall apply to the whole of the worksregardless of the trade headings under which they
have been described. Columns have been provided
for the pricing of these trade preambles alongside
each preamble item. The Contractor shall price
these in the normal way should he considers the
item has any monetary significance.
The Contractor is advised to study carefully these
trade preambles before the actual pricing and
submitting of his tender, as no claim for extra
payments on the ground of neglect to read thePreambles can be entertained. The rate for each
item of measured work in the Bills of Quantities
shall be held to include for all costs, expenses,
charges and expenditure arising out of complying
with the trades preambles irrespective of whether
the preamble items are priced or not.
The term "as described" as used in the description
of items of measured work shall mean "as described
in Bill No. 2 - Trade Preambles". Where so
described, items of measured work shall be read in
conjunction with the relevant item of Preambles.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/1 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
2/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
A Materials
Unless otherwise described, all materials shall be
new and in accordance with the latest British
Standards Specifications and the Contractor shall
produce all necessary Certificates to substantiate
this fact if so required by the S.O. Unless
otherwise described the price of materials shall
include for conveyance and delivery, unloading,
storing, hoisting, all labour setting, fitting and
fixing in position, all cutting and waste,
covering up and protecting finished work, clearingaway all debris and waste, return of packings,
carriage paid, establishment and overhead charges
and profit.
B Workmanship
Workmanship generally is to be of the highest
standard obtainable and in all cases where a
British Standard Code of Practice exists and is
applicable to any portion of the Works, the
Contractor shall allow for complying with the
recommended practice unless such procedure would
directly conflict with requirements stated
elsewhere in these documents.
C New Materials
The whole of the materials use in the Works shall
be new unless otherwise described.
D Proprietary Materials
Materials of proprietary manufacture specified
hereafter, may be substituted by materials of a
different manufacture provided that such
substitutes are in all respects equal to the
original specification and that the S.O.'s prior
written approval is obtained to all substitutions
effected. All proprietary materials are to be
applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/2 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
3/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
A Preambles Apply to All Trades
The Trade Preambles relating to each particular
trade shall apply equally to all work carried out
of a similar nature under trades (i.e. excavation
and earthwork preambles applied to External
Works).
B Approved
The term "approved" shall mean approved by the
S.O.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/3 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
4/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
EARTHWORKS
CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING TOPSOIL
A Description
This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and
stripping topsoil in the areas designated
hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings and/or
directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in
other areas designated hereunder and/or shown on
the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., all asspecified herein and as required by the S.O. The
work shall also include the demolition and
disposal of structures in said areas, except where
otherwise provided for in the Contract, as
specified herein and as required by the S.O.
B Clearing
Clearing shall consist of the cutting and/or
taking down, removal and disposal of everything
above ground level, including objects overhangingthe areas to be cleared such as tree branches,
except such trees, vegetation, structures or parts
of structures, and other things which are
designated in the Contract to remain, or be
removed by others, or which the S.O. directs are
to be left undisturbed. The material to be cleared
shall include but not necessarily be limited to
trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs, brush,
undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose vegetable
matter and structures (except those structures
whose removal or clearance is otherwise provided
for in the Contract). Clearing shall also include
the levelling of obsolete dikes, terraces,
ditches, etc., unless otherwise directed by the
S.O.
C Grubbing
Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal
of surface vegetation, the bases of stumps, roots,
the underground parts of structures, and other
obstructions to a depth of at least 0.50 metre
below ground level, all to the satisfaction of the
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/4 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
5/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
S.O.
A Stripping Topsoil
Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of
topsoil to an average depth of at least 100mm
below ground level, and its stockpiling for use in
the works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the
S.O.
B Construction Methods
Areas To Be Cleared
The entire area shall be cleared as described
above, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings
and/or directed by the S.O.
In areas which are to be cleared only, and in
which grubbing and stripping topsoil are not
required, the methods of work shall be such as
will not unduly damage the surface vegetation and
topsoil, and care shall be taken not to disturb
the topsoil and the root systems of grasses and
other surface vegetation.
No topsoil shall be removed from such areas,
except as directed by the S.O., and any topsoil,
grasses and other surface vegetation otherwise
removed or disturbed shall be replaced and made
good at the Contractor's own expense, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
Areas To Be Cleared, Grubbed And Stripped Of
Topsoil
Except as otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or
directed by the S.O., clearing, grubbing and
stripping topsoil shall be carried out in all
areas where embankment is to be constructed,
except that grubbing and stripping topsoil shall
not be carried out in those areas where:-
i) embankment is to be constructed on earth
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/5 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
6/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
designated as swamp or soft ground;
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/6 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
7/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Construction Methods (Cont'd)
ii) embankment is to be constructed to a height
at the centre-line of 1.50 metres or more on
ground with a cross-slope of not more than 1
(vertical) to 30 (horizontal).
Clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be
carried out to the extent deemed necessary and
approved or directed by the S.O. Except where
further excavation is required, holes and cavities
in the ground surface after clearing, grubbing andstripping topsoil shall be filled with materials
similar to the adjacent ground, and such fill
shall be compacted to a dry density similar to
that of the surrounding material, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
This work shall be considered incidental to the
work of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil,
and shall not be measured for payment.
ATopsoil
Topsoil to be stockpiled for the Works shall be
sufficiently fertile to promote and support the
growth of vegetation, and shall be taken from such
areas where clearing, grubbing and stripping
topsoil is required as approved or directed by the
S.O.
Before stockpiling, topsoil shall be separated
from objectionable materials, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor shall
arrange for stockpile sites either within oroutside the site, at his own expense, and all to
the satisfaction of the S.O. Otherwise, topsoil
removed during grubbing and stripping operations
shall be separated from objectionable materials
and spread within the site or borrow areas, or
otherwise disposed of, as approved or directed by
the S.O.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/7 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
8/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
A Timber
The ownership of timber is vested in the
Government. Saleable timber shall be trimmed and
stacked in accordance with the requirements of the
appropriate Government agency, in accessible
places within the site as approved or directed by
the S.O. The Contractor shall have the right to
use unsaleable timber (or saleable timber when
permission is granted in writing by the
appropriate Government agency or authority) for
his own purposes in connection with the Contract,always provided that he shall comply with the
requirements of the S.O.
B Structures
Major structures are those which cannot
practicably be cleared by bulldozer and/or
hydraulic excavator, whose demolition requires
pneumatic tools, explosives and/or other
specialised equipment. A brief description of each
major structures (if any) and depth to which
extent it shall be demolished is given in the Bill
of Quantities.
All fences, buildings, structures and encumbrances
of any character within the limits of the site,
except those to be removed by others or designated
to remain, shall be demolished and removed by the
Contractor. Materials designated in the Contract
or direct by the S.O. to be salvaged, shall be
carefully removed and stored, and shall be the
property of the Government.
C Disposal Of Materials
Unwanted material from clearing, grubbing and
stripping topsoil (including the demolition of
structures) shall be disposed of as approved or
directed by the S.O. Combustible material
including all timber (except timber to be salvaged
or used), all brush, stumps, roots, vegetation and
other combustible refuse may be piled up within
the site and burned, where burning is allowed.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/8 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
9/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Disposal Of Materials (Cont'd)
All burning shall be subject to the prior approval
of the relevant Government authorities and shall
be carried out in conformance with all pertinent
regulations. Burning shall also be carried out at
such places and at such times and in such a manner
as to prevent fire from damaging vegetation and
property within the site designated to be
preserved, and from spreading to areas adjoining
the site and damaging vegetation and property
therein.
Should the clearing, grubbing and stripping of
topsoil be carried out at a time when burning is
not permitted, the Contractor may pile up
combustible materials within the site, and burn it
at a time when burning is permitted. Where burning
is not permitted at any time, or the Contractor
elects not to burn unwanted material, combustible
material shall be disposed of together with
incombustible material.
Incombustible material, including where
appropriate the remains of burning, shall be
disposed of in a safe and tidy manner at solid
waste dumps outside the site, unless otherwise
approved or directed by the S.O. The Contractor
shall be solely responsible for making the
necessary agreements and paying expenses and
claims arising from the use of such solid waste
dumps whether on Government or private land.
A Definitions
(a)Formation Level
Formation level means the top surface of
the subgrade.
(b)Subgrade
Subgrade means that part of the
embankment or existing ground in cutting
which is immediately below the sub-base
or lower sub-base of the road pavement
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/9 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
10/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
and shoulders.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/10 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
11/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Definitions (Cont'd)
(c)Common Excavation
Common excavation shall mean excavation
in any materials which are not rock or
artificial hard materials as defined in
(f) and (g).
(d)Unsuitable Materials
Unsuitable materials shall include:-
i) running silt, peat, logs, stumps,
perishable or toxic material, slurry or
mud, or
ii) any material
- consisting of highly organic clay and
silt;
- which is clay having a liquid limit
exceeding 80% and/or a plasticity
index exceeding 55%;
- which is susceptible to spontaneous
combustion;
- which has a loss of weight greater
than 2.5% on ignition;
- containing large amounts of roots,
grass and other vegetable matter.
Materials that are soft or unstable merely
because they are too wet or too dry for
effective compaction are not to be classified
as unsuitable, unless otherwise classified by
the S.O. or as shown on the drawings.
(e)Suitable Materials
Suitable materials shall mean those
materials other than the unsuitable
materials defined in (d) above.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/11 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
12/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Definitions (Cont'd)
(f)Rock
For the purpose of this Contract, the
following definitions shall apply:-
1) Hard Rock
Hard rock shall be defined as strata
material which has a compression strength
of 3000 lb/sq.in. It shall mean materialfound in ledges or masses in its original
position which would normally have to be
loosened either by blasting or by
pneumatic tools or if excavated by hand,
by wedges and sledge hammers.
2) Soft Rock
Soft rock shall include material which can
be loosened with a track-type tractor with
mounted and drawn ripper of the following
descriptions:-
i) Tractor Unit: Equipment with a
minimum weight of 20 tonnes and nett
horse power rating of 200 brake horse
power or more. The tractor unit is to
be in good condition and operated by
experienced personnel skilled in the
use of ripping equipment.
ii) Ripping Unit: The ripper to be
attached to the tractor shall be the mostefficient parallelogram type recommended
by the tractor or ripper manufacturer. The
ripper shall have a single shank in good
working condition with sharpened cutting
point.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/12 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
13/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Definitions (Cont'd)
Removal of loose boulders of a volume not
exceeding 9 cubic feet, encountered in all
classes of excavation will not treated as rock
excavation, and shall be paid for at normal
excavation rates. Any materials in the
excavation which may come under the definition
of rock shall be brought to the attention of
the S.O. and Quantity Surveyor before
excavation commence.
The quantities of rock or materials alleged to
be rock, excavated from within the nominal
limits of excavation for the works shall be
measured, agreed and recorded by the S.O.'s
representative and the Contractor as they
occur. The S.O.'s decision as to whether or not
any material as 'rock' shall be final and
binding on all parties concerned.
The Contractor shall be responsible for
liaising with all parties concerned and shall
take precaution to prevent damages to persons
of existing excavation and shall indemnify the
Employer against any claim, loss or expense
resulting from the rock excavation.
(g) Artificial Hard Material
This mean any hard artificial material
which would require the use of blasting or
approved pneumatic tools for its removal but
shall exclude individual masses less than one
(1) cubic metre.
A General Requirements
The work shall include the excavation of all types
of material, backing, compaction, forming
embankments and slopes, etc., as is necessary for
the completion of the works up to the formation
levels, in accordance with the lines, grades,
dimensions, shapes and typical cross-sections
shown on the Drawings and to the approval of the
S.O.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/13 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
14/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
General Requirements (Cont'd)
The Contractor shall provide where necessary
temporary water courses, ditches, drains, pumping
or other means of maintaining the earthworks free
from water. Such provision shall include carrying
out the work of forming the cuttings and
embankments in such a manner that their surfaces
have at all times a sufficient gradient to enable
them to shed water and prevent ponding.
In pumping out excavations and in the lowering ofwater tables the Contractor shall pay due regard
to the stability of all structures. Adequate means
for trapping silt shall be provided on all
temporary drainage systems. Similar arrangements
shall be made for all earthworks including
excavations whether for pile trenches, foundations
or cuttings.
Should the surface of completed areas be damaged
by erosion or by any other cause the Contractor
shall at his own cost make good such areas to the
satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor shall
exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable
material needed for embankment or fill
construction. The Contractor shall ensure that
area cleared shall follow up with subsequent
activities and sequence and timing of works shall
be such that no area will be cleared and left
unattended.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/14 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
15/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
BULK EXCAVATION
A Dimensional Tolerances
Slopes in cutting shall be trimmed mechanically to
neat and even surfaces which shall have gradients
not steeper than that shown on the Drawings.
Widths of excavations shall not exceed the
dimensions shown on the Drawings by more than
300mm, unless otherwise approved by the S.O.
B Separation And Stockpiling Of Suitable Materials
Where excavation reveals a combination of suitable
and unsuitable materials, the Contractor shall,
wherever the S.O. considers it practicable, carry
out the excavation in such a manner that the
suitable materials are excavated separately for
use in the Works without contamination by the
unsuitable materials. The Contractor shall
stockpile separately material for subgrade as
specified.
C Removal Of Excavated Materials From Site
No excavated material shall be removed from the
site except on the direction or with the approval
of the S.O. Should the Contractor be permitted to
remove suitable materials from the site to suit
his operational procedure, then he shall make good
any consequent deficit of fill material arising
therefrom, at his own expense.
Unless designated dump sites have been shown on
the Drawings, the Contractor shall dispose of
surplus suitable material at his own dump areas
outside the site as approved by the S.O. In doing
so, the Contractor shall comply with statutory
requirements such as payment of royalties,
environmental protection, etc.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/15 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
16/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
A Removal Of Unsuitable Materials
Unsuitable material shall be excavated to such
depth and over such area as directed by the S.O.
and be transported and disposed of in an approved
manner. Unless approval of the S.O. to dump and
spread and unsuitable materials within the site is
obtained, the Contractor shall be responsible for
providing his own dump site for such unsuitable
materials.
The Contractor shall comply with statutoryrequirements such as payment of royalties,
environmental protection, etc. Voids created due
to removal of unsuitable material shall be
backfilled with suitable material compacted to a
dry density not less than that of the surrounding
material or that specified for the respective part
of the earthworks or as directed by the S.O.
B Replacement Of Unsuitable Materials Under Standing
Water
Where it is decided by the S.O. that replacement
of unsuitable material shall be done under
standing water, voids created due to removal of
unsuitable material Standing shall be backfilled
with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or
sand having grading within the respective limits
specified in Table 2.1.
C Widening Cuts
The S.O. may instruct the Contractor or the
Contractor himself may elect to obtain material
for the works by widening cuts. In the latter
case, the Contractor shall first request
permission in writing from the S.O.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/16 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
17/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Widening Cuts (Cont'd)
TABLE 2.1
- GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR REPLACEMENT
OF UNSUITABLE MATERIAL
-----------------------------------------------+
B.S. Sieve Size % Passing By Weight
+----------------------+-----------------------
Crushed Rock Or Gravel
63mm 100
37.5mm 85 - 100
20mm 0 - 20
10mm 0 - 5
+----------------------+-----------------------
Sand
10mm 100
5mm 90 - 100
1.18mm 45 - 80
300mm 10 - 30 150mm 2 - 10
+----------------------------------------------+
Widening of cuts shall not be permitted beyond the
limits of the site.
A Excavation Of Rock
Rock excavation shall be carried out by methods
appropriate to site requirements as approved by
the S.O. Where explosives shall be used, therelevant security regulations dealing with
purchase, transport, handling, storage and usage
of explosives shall be complied with. All material
from rock excavations shall be used as far as is
practicable in the works. Where the rock is of
satisfactory quality, the Contractor may elect to
crush and screen it to produce aggregates required
for concrete, roadbase, subbase, or other
purposes. Excavated rock needed for earthwork
construction which the Contractor elects so to use
for producing select materials shall be replacedat the Contractor's own expense by borrow of
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/17 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
18/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
satisfactory quality approved by the S.O.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/18 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
19/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Excavation Of Rock (Cont'd)
Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the
construction of embankment and fill, to the
fullest practical extent, in either of the two
following ways:-
i) excavated rock shall be broken down to a
maximum particle size of 400mm and used as
rock fill as herein described.
ii)excavated rock shall be broken down to amaximum particle size of 150mm, blended with
suitable earth fill material in a proportion
not exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth, and used as
common fill.
The Contractor may only waste excavated rock with
the approval of the S.O. Excavated rock needed for
earthwork construction which the Contractor elects
to waste shall be replaced at the Contractor's own
expense by borrow of satisfactory quality approved
by the S.O.
A Storage And Handling Of Explosives
Proper buildings or magazines, with separate
compartments for detonators, in suitable positions
for the storage of explosives in manner and
quantities to be approved shall be provided. The
prevention of any unauthorised issue or improper
use of any explosive brought on the Works shall be
the responsibility of the Contractor and only
experienced and responsible men shall be employed
to handle explosives for the purpose of the works.
B Blasting
Explosives shall be used in the quantities and
manner recommended by the manufacturers. Blasting
shall be restricted to such periods as the S.O.
may prescribe. If, in the opinion of the S.O.,
blasting would be dangerous to persons or property
or to any finished work, or is being carried on in
a reckless manner, he may prohibit it, and order
the rock to be excavated by other means.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/19 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
20/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Blasting (Cont'd)
The use of explosives in large blasts, i.e.
exceeding 9 kg of explosive, as in seams, drifts,
shafts, pits, or large holes, is prohibited unless
authorised in writing by the S.O. Such
authorization shall not in any way relieve the
Contractor of his liabilities under the Conditions
of Contract.
All necessary precautions shall be taken to
preserve in the soundest possible condition thematerials below and beyond the lines of all
excavations. Delayed blasting to reduce shock
waves shall be used to avoid damage to concrete
and other works already completed. As the
excavation approaches its final lines, blasting
shall be carried out by means of parallel drill
holes perpendicular to the toe of the excavation
and parallel to the finally required face.
A Safety Measures
When blasting is carried out close to properties
or roads, appropriate safety rules shall be
strictly adhered to. Where necessary or as
directed by the S.O., the use of heavy mesh
blasting mats shall be used to ensure that no
damage is caused to persons or property on or off
site. Special care shall be taken in wet ground to
ensure that individual explosives are reduced to
such size as to preclude damage to any buildings
or structures.
Plaster shooting will not be permitted within 400metres of any building or structure. If traffic on
any road or railway has to be interrupted for
blasting operations, the Contractor shall obtain
approval of his schedule for such interruption
from the appropriate authorities and shall prove
to the S.O. that he has obtained it, prior to the
interruption.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/20 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
21/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
A Insecure Materials
The slopes of cuttings shall be cleared of all
rock fragments which move when prised with a
crow-bar. Where, in the slopes of cuttings, layers
of rock and soft material alternate and the S.O.
considers that the slope, immediately after
dressing, will not permanently withstand the
effect of weather, the Contractor shall excavate
any insecure material to an approved depth and
build up the resulting spaces with grade 15P/20
concrete or masonry using rock similar to theadjoining natural rock so as to ensure a solid
face.
EARTH EMBANKMENT
B Material
Fill materials for use in forming embankments
shall be the suitable material obtained from
excavation in cuttings. Where the quantity of such
materials is inadequate, the Contractor shall
obtain suitable materials from the designated
borrow pits or from his own borrow pits which have
been approved by the S.O.
C Placement Of Fill Materials
All fill materials shall be deposited in layers.
The loose depth for each layer of fill shall be
determined from the trial compaction. Each layer
shall extend over the full width of the fill area
and shall be compacted in accordance with the
requirements as herein described. Each compacted
layer shall be maintained at all times with a
sufficiently even surface in order to drain away
the surface water.
Where embankment is to be constructed on ground
with a cross-slope flatter than 1 (vertical) to 10
(horizontal) but steeper than 1 (vertical) to 30
(horizontal), the foundation material, except
where this is rock, shall be scarified to a depth
of 100mm, blended with embankment fill material
and compacted as herein described.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/21 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
22/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Placement Of Fill Materials
Where embankment is to be constructed against
existing embankment or on ground with a
cross-slope of 1 or more (vertical) to 10
(horizontal), the foundation shall be excavated in
all materials (including hard rock) to form
benches with horizontal and vertical faces from
which construction of the embankment shall
proceed. The benches shall be contiguous beneath
the full width of the embankment, and shall be of
a suitable width to accommodate constructionequipment such as motor-graders, trucks, rollers,
etc. Scarifying of the horizontal and vertical
faces of the benches shall not normally be
required, and the material excavated in forming
the benches may normally be used as fill in the
embankment as approved by the S.O.
A Compaction
a) General
All materials used in embankments and as fill
elsewhere shall be compacted as soon as
practicable after being placed and spread.
Compaction shall be undertaken to the
requirements of this Section by plant
approved by the S.O. All compaction
requirements shall be controlled by means of
field density measurement. For compaction of
embankment slope, the Contractor may either
extend each compacted layer beyond the design
slope surface by at least 600mm and then trim
back to the required slope angle, or he mayemploy a tow type roller to compact the
sloping.
b) Compaction Trials
The B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer
method) shall be used in determining the
moisture versus density relation of soil. The
Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for his
approval the proposed method of compaction
for each main type of material to be used in
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/22 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
23/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
the embankment.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/23 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
24/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Compaction (Cont'd)
This shall include the type of compaction
plant for each type of material and the
number of passes in relation to the loose
depth of material to achieve desired
compaction. The maximum compacted thickness
for fill shall be limited to 300mm unless
other approved by the S.O. The Contractor
shall carry out field compaction trials,
supplemented by any necessary laboratory
investigations, as required by the S.O.
This shall be done by using the procedures
proposed by the Contractor for earthworks and
shall satisfy the S.O. that all the specified
requirements regarding compaction can be
achieved. Compaction trials with the main
types of material likely to be encountered
shall be completed before the works with the
corresponding materials will be allowed to
commence. Each trial area shall be not
smaller than 8m x 15m.
c) Degree Of Compaction
The whole of the embankment below the top
300mm of the subgrade shall be compacted to
not less than 90% (for cohesive material) or
95% (for cohesionless material) of the
maximum dry density determined in the B.S.
1377 Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method).
d) Field Density Testing
Field density tests on each layer of
compacted earth fill shall be carried out
using the sand replacement method in
accordance with B.S. 1377 or by using other
means of testing of comparable accuracy
approved by the S.O. Testing shall be carried
out for every 1000 sq.m. of surface area per
lift of earthworks at the least. The S.O. may
carry out more frequent tests at his
discretion.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/24 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
25/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Compaction (Cont'd)
If the results of the field tests show the
state of compaction to be inadequate and this
is held to be due to failure of the
Contractor to comply with the requirements of
the Specification, the Contractor shall carry
out at his own expense such further work as
the S.O. may decide to comply with the
Specification.
e) Moisture Control
Each layer of earth fill shall be processed
as necessary to bring its moisture content to
a uniform level throughout the material,
suitable for compaction. The optimum moisture
content as determined by the B.S. 1377
Compaction Test (4.5 kg rammer method) shall
be used as a guide in determining the proper
moisture content at which each soil type
shall be compacted. Water shall be added, or
the material aerated and dried to adjust the
soil to the proper moisture content to obtain
the required density.
A satisfactory method and sufficient
equipment as approved by the S.O. shall be
used for the furnishing and handling of
water. If the natural water content of
suitable materials is too high for the proper
compaction to be carried out, the Contractor
can either bring down the moisture content by
aeration or drying or alternatively replace
it with suitable materials of compactablemoisture range at his own cost.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/25 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
26/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
A Settlement Markers
Markers shall be provided and installed by the
Contractor in the positions indicated on the
Drawings for the purpose of measuring settlements
taking place under the embankments during and
after the construction period. The design of
markers shall be as shown on the Drawings and the
Contractor shall be responsible for supplying andinstalling such markers and for extending the
markers as the work proceeds.
Adjustments to the height of markers shall be made
when required by the S.O. Each marker shall be
identified by painting on it the chainage of its
position. The Contractor shall take all necessary
measures to protect markers from damage by plant
and vehicles at all times and shall repair any
such damage to the satisfaction of the S.O.
Readily visible barriers shall be installed around
each marker.
B Settlement Records
Joint measurement of settlement shall be taken
weekly while fill is being placed in the vicinity
of the markers. Thereafter, readings shall be
taken fortnightly for a period as directed by the
S.O. The readings shall be submitted on an
approved printed form to be supplied by the
Contractor. For the measurement of the volume that
has settled below the original level of thefoundation of the embankment, the measured
settlement of each marker shall be used for volume
computation following the method shown on the
drawings.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/26 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
27/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
A Subgrade
Material for the top 300mm of subgrade shall have
a minimum California Bearing Ratio (CBR) as shown
on the drawings when compacted to 95% of the
maximum dry density determined in the B.S. 1377
Compaction Test (4.5kg rammer method) under 4 days
soaked condition. Throughout the top 300mm of
subgrade, the material shall be compacted to not
less than 95% (for cohesive material) or 100% (for
cohesionless material) of the maximum dry density
determined in the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5kgrammer method). In cut area, the top 300mm of the
subgrade shall be scarified and recompacted to 95%
(for cohesive material) or 100% (for cohesionless
material) of the maximum dry density determined in
the B.S. 1377 Compaction Test (4.5kg rammer
method).
If the S.O. is fully satisfied that the subgrade
in its natural state possesses a density exceeding
the requirements, then the surface of the subgrade
shall be trimmed and rolled to obtain a smooth
finish. Where the material in cut area is found to
be unsuitable for use in the top 300mm of subgrade
it shall be removed and replaced with suitable
material which shall be compacted as indicated
above. The subgrade shall be finished in a neat
and workmanlike manner, and the widths of
embankments and cuts shall be everywhere at least
those specified or shown on the drawings on both
sides of the centreline. The top surface of the
subgrade shall have the required shape,
superelevation, levels and grades and shall be
finished everywhere to within +10mm and minus 30mmof the required level.
i) Where rock surface extends over the whole
width of the formation:-
The rock surface shall be trimmed to a free
draining profile, at or below formation
levels. No high spot shall protrude above the
formation levels. Any voids of cavities more
than 0.5 metre below the formation level
shall be filled up with approved lean
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/27 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
28/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
concrete having 7-day cube strength greater
than 7 N/sq.mm.
Subgrade (Cont'd)
The rock surface shall then be brought up to
the formation levels with approved crushed
rock or gravel, regulated and blinded.
ii) Where rock outcrop occurs over part of the
formation only:-
The rock outcrop shall be cut down to a
level not less than 300mm below the formation
level. The surface shall then be brought up
to level with suitable subgrade material.
PROTECTIVE VEGETATION FOR EROSION CONTROL
A Topsoil
Topsoil stockpiled for the works shall be spread
and lightly compacted to an even thickness of 50mm
as directed by the S.O. in areas to be turfed
and/or seeded or used as the S.O. shall otherwise
direct for tree planting and other purposes.
B Backfilling Water Courses
Water course comprising channels, ditches, ponds,
rivers and streams within the embankment
foundation area which are no longer required for
drainage purposes shall be backfilled up to the
adjacent terrain level with suitable material as
approved by S.O. At least five days prior to the
infilling of any water course within the
embankment foundation area, the Contractor shall
inform the S.O. of his intention to undertake such
work, whereupon the S.O. will supply the necessary
information as to how the work shall be carried
out. Infilling of water courses, shall as far as
practicable be carried out in dry conditions, and
the Contractor shall construct such equipment as
are necessary for this purpose. Where water
courses can be kept dry, the infill shall be
placed in layers of loose thickness of 300mm and
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/28 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
29/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
shall be thoroughly compacted by means of suitable
and approved vibration equipment until there is novisible movement of the fill, all to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/29 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
30/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
Backfilling Water Courses (Cont'd)
When, in the opinion of the S.O. dewatering of
water courses is not practicable, granular
backfill or rock fill shall first be placed in one
layer in such a way that the top surface shall be
above the water table. This layer shall then be
thoroughly compacted, with the addition of
materials as necessary for the top surface to
remain above the water table, by suitable and
approved vibration equipment until there is no
visible movement of the fill, all to thesatisfaction of the S.O.
In the cast of flowing water, the granular
backfill or rock fill shall be such as to remain
stable in place under the action of the current,
which may require the use of coarse gravel or
boulders. After the above mentioned first layer
has been established to above the water table,
further layers of backfill material shall be
placed and compacted as described above for
infilling under dry conditions.
Earthfill Tolerances
a) The formation or profile levels shall mean
the finished earthwork levels for platforms,
slopes, roads, etc. as shown on the Drawings
or as directed by the S.O.
b) The tolerances of finished earthfill with
respect to the dimensions and lines on the
drawings shall be as follows:-
Embankment
Slopes + 150/- 0mm
Embankment
Platform + 30/- 30mm
Embankment Berm
Slopes + 150/- 0mm
Embankment Berm
Level + 30/- 30mm
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/30 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
31/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Earthworks
A
Backfilling Water Courses (Cont'd)
c) Notwithstanding the tolerances of the
finished earthfill material mentioned in
paragraph (b) of this sub-clause, levels,
batters and cambers of the embankmentshall
be maintained in accordance with that
shown on the Drawings or as directed by
the S.O. for the whole contract period.
Measurement And Prices
Prices for earthwork shall included for all and
every operation described in Earthwork.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/31 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
32/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Silt Retention
SILT RETENTION
A Silt Traps
Before commencement of earthworks, the Contractor
shall construct silt trap at required locations.
The silt traps shall retain eroded coarse soil
particles to prevent siltation.
B Maintenance Of Silt Traps
The Contractor shall also be responsible for themaintenance of the silt traps, including
periodical de-silting and disposal of the trapped
materials as and when directed by the S.O. during
the contract period and up to the expiry of the
Maintenance/Defects Liability Period.
C Siltation Of Existing Water Courses
The Contractor shall ensure all existing water
courses or drains within and outside the site are
not blocked or silted with earth or other debris,whether resulting from his operations or not,
during the course of his work and during the
Maintenance/Defects Liability Period. Obstructions
or silt in any water course or drain shall be
immediately cleared by the Contractor.
If the Contractor fails to do so, the S.O.
reserves the right to arrange for the clearance to
be carried out by others and the cost of any such
work shall be deducted from any monies due to the
Contractor.
D Desilting
The Contractor shall include in the tendered
prices for the various items of work amounts to
cover desilting and clearing blockages.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/32 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
33/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Silt Retention
TURFING
A Clear Site
Hard material such as brickbats, old masonry and
concrete shall be removed from the site but may be
buried deep at the discretion of the S.O. Scrapmetalwork such as old corrugated iron, iron bars
and wire shall be removed from the site.
B Weeds
Weeds shall be raked out and burnt.
C Excavation And Filling
Side slopes to cutting and filling shall be
trimmed to facilitate soiling and turfing. Theformation shall be accurately trimmed to the
levels and falls shown on the drawings or as
directed. No hollows or flats shall be allowed.
The Contractor shall take all precautions to
support the face of all excavations at all times.
Excavations left unsupported shall become the sole
risk of the Contractor. No claims will be
entertained if this clause is not complied with.
D Preparation Of Formation
Where the formation is clay, hardpan, sunbaked
earth, or other impervious material it shall be
ploughed or scarified to a minimum depth of 150mm
and reduced to a granular condition not exceeding
50mm maximum size. It shall be finished by lightly
rolling with a roller not exceeding 3 cwt. in
weight and left true to levels and falls ready to
receive the vegetable soil. Rolling shall take
place only when the formation is dry.
E Vegetable Soil
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/33 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
34/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Silt Retention
The vegetable soil shall be spread to a depth
approximately 50mm black vegetable soil from theContractor's own source spread on the prepared
formation.
_____________
05-1587-EW 2/34 To Collection RM
_____________
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
35/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A Fertilising Vegetable Soil
Before the turf is laid the vegetable soil shall
be given a dressing of rock phosphate at the rate
of 1 oz. per sq. yd. The phosphate shall be
distributed evenly over the surface and raked in.
B Rock Phosphate
The rock phosphate shall be equal in all respectsto Christmas Island Rock Phosphate marketed by
Messrs. I.C.I. Malaya Ltd.
C Turves
The turves shall be pure cow grass (Axonopus
Compressus). The turves shall be cut and lifted
with proper turf cutting tools. They shall be
flat, even in thickness, square or rectangular in
shape and as thick as possible. Minimum thickness
shall be 100mm. Edges shall be square andfeathered edges shall be cut off.
Root formation shall be moist, bedded solidly in
vegetable soil and undamaged. Grass shall not
exceed 20mm long and shall be dense green and of
vigorous healthy growth. Turves with grass grown
long and going to seed shall be rejected. Turves
shall be laid within 24 hours of being cut.
They shall be stacked on site roots to roots and
grass to grass and shall be kept moist by spraying
with water and covering with wet sacking. Turves
which dry out shall be rejected. Turves shall be
inspected for weeds before laying and any weeds
discovered shall be grubbed out complete with
roots and destroyed.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
36/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A Close Turfing
Turf shall be laid on a bed of vegetable soil as
described under "Vegetable Soil". The surface of
the turf shall be laid accurate to level and
falls. After laying each turf shall be beaten with
a wooden turf beater until is solidly bedded. Any
hollows produced by the beater shall be packed up
from underneath with more soil and the turf again.
Laying and beating shall continue until a solidly
bedded continuous turf area is produced, accurate
to level and grade. Turves which contain an undue
preponderance of the very coarse of very fine
grasses are liable to rejection under "Type of
Grass" but may be used at the S.O.'s discretion.
The minimum total thickness of turf and soil shall
be 100mm. This shall be measured after the turf
has been laid and beaten down. Small trial holes
shall be dug for this purpose in positions that
the S.O. shall direct. Turfing which shows less
than 100mm between the surface of the turf and the
top of the formation shall be taken up and
re-done.
B Spot Turfing
Spot turfing shall consist of 300mm x 300mm turves
at 450mm centres. The turf shall be laid on a bed
of vegetable soil as described under "Vegetable
Soil". The surface of the turf shall be laid
accurate to level and falls. After laying eachturf shall be beaten with a wooden turf beater
until is solidly bedded. Any hollows produced by
the beater shall be packed up from underneath with
more soil and the turf beaten again. Laying and
beating shall continue until a solidly bedded
continuous turf area is produced, accurate to
level and grade. Turves which contain an undue
preponderance of the very coarse of very fine
grasses are liable to rejection under "Type of
Grass" but may be used at the S.O.'s discretion.
The minimum total thickness of turf and soil shallbe 100mm. This shall be measured after the turf
has been laid and beaten down.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
37/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
Spot Turfing (Cont'd)
Small trial holes shall be dug for this purpose in
positions that the S.O. shall direct. Turfing
which shows less than 100mm between the surface of
the turf and the top of the formation shall be
taken up and re-done.
A Top Dressing
Top dressing of the turfed areas shall be carried
out immediately after the turf is laid and monthly
intervals thereafter. A minimum of three top
dressings, shall be given. At least 3 days notice
shall be given to the S.O. before each top
dressing. Top dressing shall consist of 1 part of
sulphate of ammonia mixed with not less than 10
parts of fine vegetable soil. It shall be
scattered evenly over the turfed areas at the rate
of 1 cts. of sulphate of ammonia per acre. On no
account shall sulphate of ammonia be applied neat.
B Sulphate Of Ammonia
Shall be equal in all respects to that marketed by
the Agricultural Division of Messrs. I.C.I. Malaya
Ltd.
C Watering
It is the responsibility of the Contractor to
ensure that the turf is adequately watered
throughout the cultivation period. Water shall be
brought to the site in tankers if necessary and
applied as fine spray so as not to disturb turf or
soil. The rate of application shall be not less
than 1/2 gallon per sq. yd. and no account shall
turf be watered sparingly. During dry weather,
turf shall be watered within two days of laying
and subsequently once weekly.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
38/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A Cutting
Grass cutting shall be carried out by properly
sharpened and adjusted hand or machine tools so
that the grass is cut cleanly and no tearing takes
place. Cutting shall take place not less
frequently than once per month and always before
the grass is 3" long. On no account shall the
grass be allowed to shoot into ear. The grass
shall be cut to 1" long and the cuttings scatteredevenly by brushing and allowed to lie on the site.
When cutting a spot turfed area, care shall be
taken not to cut of damage the stolons or rhizomes
of the spreading grass. Grass shall not be cut
when wet. Cutting shall be discontinued during
rain and not recommenced until the grass has
dried.
B Rolling
The turf shall be rolled with a roller weighing
not more than 3 cwt. at intervals not exceeding
one month. The roller shall be sufficient weight
to press the roots firmly into the soil and
produce a close, well-knit surface, without over
compaction and binding of the soil. The rolling
shall be done shortly after cutting when the grass
is short. Rolling shall not be done when the grass
is wet.
C Making Good Defects
At intervals not exceeding one month the
Contractor shall work carefully over the turfed
areas and attend to defects. Weeds shall be
grubbed up or destroyed with weed killer. Weed
infected areas shall be taken up completely and
replaced with fresh soil and turf. Areas which are
too hard shall be loosened by forking or spike
rolling. Dead turves or turves which are not
thriving shall be taken up and replaced with good
turves. Missing vegetable soil shall be replaced.
Storm damage or damage from any other cause shall
be made good.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
39/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A Cultivation
The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying
out all operations, detailed above (fertilising,
watering, cutting, rolling, spiking, weeding,
making good etc.) for the period immediately
following the completion of turf laying until the
works are completed. On the expiry of this
cultivation period, the turfed areas shall be
inspected by the S.O. and provided that in hisopinion a satisfactory thriving turf has been
established and the work is free from defect, the
Contractor shall be absolved from liability for
further cultivation.
B Cleaning Off
At the end of the Contract, the Contractor shall
remove all equipment, temporary buildings,
materials, wastes and rubbish of all description
and leave the site clean and tidy.
C Measurements And Prices
Prices for turfing shall include for all and every
operation described in "Turfing"
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
40/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
EXCAVATION WORK
A Dimensions And Levels
Before the Works or any part thereof are commenced
the Contractor shall verify the dimension and
levels shown on the drawings and shall notify theArchitects representative of any discrepancy
which may affect the dimensions or levels of such
parts of the works. Such notification by the
Contractor shall be given in sufficient time to
allow the Architect to prepare drawings or
schedule showing his amended requirements.
The Contractor shall be responsible for setting up
and maintaining a site datum level accurately as
ascertained from this work. The levels and
dimensions taken by the Contractor and agreed bythe Architects representative shall form the
basis of re-measurements failing such verification
and agreements, the dimensions and levels shown on
the drawing shall be final and binding on the
Contractor.
B Nature Of The Soil
The Contractor shall determine for himself the
nature of the ground to be excavated and his ratesshall include for excavation below water table
level, excavation in whatever soil may be met and
for grubbing up and removing any disused drains,
pipes, cables, roots, hardcore and other
obstructions excepting rock.
The Contractor shall excavate and get out all
materials of whatever geological formation,
quality, consistency or description encountered at
the site, ordered by the Architect for the proper
construction and completion of the works bothpermanent and temporary in accordance with the
contract documents.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
41/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
Nature Of The Soil (Contd)
Whatever obstruction found during excavation shall
be removed and disposed of as part of the
excavation as a whole and no extra can be claimed
for the removal and disposal of old foundations,roots, old sewer pipes or disused service mains,
manholes and other similar underground
construction unless the obstruction is in service.
The diversion of obstructions which are in service
will be paid by the Employer.
A Extent Of Excavation
Excavation shall be taken down to the depths shown
on the drawings or to such depths as required by
the Architect. Where necessary, the Contractorshall have on hand sufficient pumping equipment
for dewatering during the process of excavation
and construction.
All excavations shall be square, level and plumb
and shall be to such width as necessary to carry
out the work safely and properly. The bottoms
shall be consolidated and shall be to the exact
levels required.
B Existing Conditions
It will be deemed that the Contractor has
inspected the drawings and consulted all available
information concerning sub-soil conditions before
submitting his tender.
The Contractor shall be deemed to have taken into
consideration all existing conditions relating to
access and working space available and shall
provide all labour, materials, temporary supports
and bracings deemed necessary for the safe
execution and completion of the works.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
42/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A Earthwork By-Law
All excavations and earthworks shall be carried
out in accordance with the safety requirements and
regulations of any existing by-laws applicable and
the recommendation contained in the British
Standard Code of Practice C.P. 2003 : Earthworks.
All excavations and the preparation of the ground
for the preparation of the ground for the
construction of the foundation and ground beams
shall be in accordance with C.P. 2004 :
Foundations.
B Levels And Boundaries
All levels shown on the drawing are in metric. The
Contractor shall construct such temporary Bench
Marks as the Architect may require for each
section of the works and these shall be agreed
with the Architect. The Contractor shall be
responsible for maintaining and preserving all
existing boundaries on the site.
C Setting Out
The Contractor shall be responsible for setting
out the works and shall provide all instruments
and attendance required by the Architect to check
the setting out. He shall ensure that the boundary
markers defining the limits of the site are in
their correct positions and he shall employ a
Licensed Surveyor to properly mark out the limits
of the site where the works are to be executed.
The Contractor shall be responsible for and shall
entirely at his own cost amend any errors and
indemnify the owner of any consequential loss
arising from any inaccurate setting out.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
43/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
Notwithstanding the fact that the setting out is
checked by the Architect, the responsibility for
the accuracy of the setting out will rest with the
Contractor and he shall at all times satisfy
himself and the Architect that the setting out is
correct.
Setting Out (Contd)
Before commencement of any work the Contractor
shall carry out survey of site appropriate layout
from drawing or as directed by the Architect
depending on the structure and soil condition and
shall record and agree value of existing ground
level on the drawing which shall be signed by the
Architect and the Contractor.
On completion of the works, the Contractor shall
ascertain the level and shall record the levels on
the drawings which shall then be submitted to the
Architect. The initial survey before the
commencement of the works and the final survey
after the completion of the works as specified
above shall be carried out by an approved
registered Licensed Surveyor.
A Planking And Strutting
Planking and strutting, shoring and temporary
sheet piling if any, shall be provided to support
the face of all excavations at all times.
Excavation left unsupported shall become the sole
risks of the Contractor. No claims what ever shall
be entertained if this clause is not complied
with.
B Precautionary And Remedial Measures
The Contractor shall take all necessary
precautions so as not to damage or endanger any
property, structures, roads, installations or
services in the vicinity of his operation. The
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
44/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
Contractor shall immediately report to the
Architect and any authority concerned should his
operations cause damage to or endanger any such
property, structures, roads, installation or
services and shall take such remedial measures to
the satisfaction of the Architect or the authority
concerned.
The Contractor shall take all necessary and
adequate measures to prevent water from the sites
of his operations from causing a nuisance on or inany adjacent contract site or neighbouring
property either by flooding or by depositing
sediment on ground surface or in drains or natural
watercourses.
Precautionary And Remedial Measures (Contd)
The Contractor shall construct wherever necessary
temporary drainage channels, contour drains, silt
traps or other siltation prevention structures.The Contractor shall remove all sediment which may
accumulate on any land or in any drains or natural
watercourses as a result of his operations.
The Contractor shall take all necessary
precautions to minimise the loss of material by
erosion and to prevent displacement of the ground
in slopes adjacent to his operations. The
Contractor shall limit all working faces to such
heights and slopes as are stable and provide any
necessary timbering so required.
The Contractor shall excavate for the drainage
works as indicated on drawings or as ordered by
the Architect at the earliest practical date and
preferably before the excavation of any other
works in the area which it is intended to service.
Should erosion and displacement of ground
nonetheless occur, the Contractor shall make good
the same and the effects thereof with such
materials and in such manner as the Architect may
direct at his own cost.
The Contractor must ensure that no plant used for
excavation or any other work to be taken on the
public roads. All dumpers, etc. are restricted to
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
45/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
the concrete loading platform and are to be taken
through the wash trough before leaving the site.
A Excavation To Formation Level
Excavation to Formation Level shall be carried out
in such a manner as to prevent damage or
deterioration of the suitable material as hereinbefore defined. Excess excavation beyond the lines
and levels be made good by the Contractor in a
manner acceptable to the Architect. Care shall be
taken to ensure that the formation is not damaged
by construction traffic. If suitable material
below formation level is damaged by any cause,
such material shall be removed, disposed of and
replaced by the Contractor with properly compacted
filling.
The side slopes of cuttings in materials otherthan rock shall be neatly trimmed to within 75mm
or the lines shown on the drawings or to such
other gradually changing slopes that the Architect
may direct. The side slopes of cuttings in rock
shall be left with reasonably uniform faces and
shall conform generally to the typical sections
shown on the drawings or to the natural cleavage
planes where these are compatible with the typical
sections.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
46/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
B Finishes Of Slopes To Cutting And Banks
Form slopes where shown on the drawings to the
slopes and levels as shown. Slopes shall be neatly
trimmed by motor grader or by hand to a smooth,
compact surface. In no case shall the specified
angle of slope be exceeded.
A Excavation In Trenches And Pits
Trenches and pits shall be excavated in the
positions and to the dimensions and depths shown
on the drawings or ordered by the Architect.
The Contractor shall provide to the satisfactionof the Architect all necessary timbering, sheet
piling or otherwise to avoid slips and falls of
trench and pit sides. Where any slopes or falls of
trench and pit sides should occur, the Contractor
shall remove all loosened and disturbed material
and replace the same at his own expense with
properly compacted fill material or with concrete
as the Architect may require. Excavation shall be
carried out in dry conditions and the Contractor
shall allow for the use of pumps for pumping
water, where necessary.
On locations where deterioration of excavated
surfaces may occur, the last 150mm of excavation
above foundation or formation level shall be
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
47/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
carried out by hand immediately before the next
stage of construction is to start. A similar
method shall be adopted in the case of sides of
excavation against which any structure is to bear.
The Contractor shall allow for trench or pit
excavation, the use of timbering or sheet piling
where necessary.
B Excavation And Filling In Waterlogged Areas
For the purpose of this contract, waterlogged
areas shall be defined as areas with wet or swampy
ground conditions where special measures shall
have to be taken during excavation and filling.
Such areas may or may not be under water.
Prior to the commencement of any excavated or
filling in waterlogged areas, the Contractor shall
cut temporary drains to drains away the water. The
temporary drains shall be in the form of earth
trenches or concrete or other type of linedchannels as approved by the Architect.
Excavation And Filling In Waterlogged Areas
(Contd)
The Contractor shall, when directed by the
Architect in writing removed any soft wet and
unsuitable material, and replace with selected
material (sandy soil) before filling. An initial
blanket of selected material (sandy soil) not
exceeding a loose depth of 3 feet or 1 foot above
standing water level whichever is the greater, may
be placed over water-logged ground. Thereafter,
suitable materials shall be placed, spread,
leveled and compacted in layers of loose depth not
exceeding 300mm.
The Contractor shall allow for excavation and
filling, the cost of providing temporary drainage
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
48/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
and removal of same and special method of carrying
out filling as described.
A Grading Of Finished Formation
The formation shall receive a final shaping with
grading machine supplemented with hand wood where
necessary to ensure a smooth surface and uniform
cross-section. When final shaping is completed,
the surface of the subgrade shall conformaccurately to the lines grades and cross-sections
shown on the drawings.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
49/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A
B
C
D
Anti-Erosion Measures
The slopes of embankments, cuttings, margin areas
and all excavated or filled surfaces shall at all
stages of the work be kept adequately drained and
protected from erosion.
The Contractor shall adopt such temporary measures
to minimise soil erosion at all stages of the work
as deemed necessary by the Architect These
temporary measures shall include construction oftemporary drainage channels in earth or concrete,
earth bundling and covering with waterproofing
materials.
The Contractor shall allow for the cost of all
temporary measures mentioned above in the relevant
tendered rates for excavation and filling.
Removal Of Temporary Works
All temporary drainage works constructed in ornear any permanent work shall be removed or filled
with selected material and compacted unless the
Architect shall direct that is it be left
permanently in position.
Unauthorised Excavation
The Contractor is prohibited from making
excavations other than those approved by the
Architect as necessary for the work. If any
excavation is carried out in excess of the
Architects requirements (as shown on drawings or
as directed on site) such excess excavation is to
be filled in with concrete (1:3:6 - 40mm
aggregate) at the Contractors expense and no
payment will be made for the excess excavation or
disposal or the concrete filling.
Recording Depth Of Excavation
The Architect should be informed forty-eight (48)
hours before excavation are filled in to record
the depth of the excavation. Failure to inform the
Architect shall not entitle the Contractor to
claim for additional depth in excavation.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
50/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A
B
Disposal Of Surplus Excavated Material
The excavated earth is to be taken neatly out from
the site by lorries. Spillovers shall immediately
be cleaned up as much as possible by attendants
especially engaged for the purpose so that the
roads and pavements are kept clean and tidy at alltimes.
The Contractor is to cart away and dispose off the
spoil on suitable areas as it is the
responsibility of the Contractor to find suitable
areas and obtain the necessary permission from the
authorities or the land owners and to pay all
costs and expenses.
Damage To Existing Properties
Hontra Contractor shall be entirely responsible for any
effect or damage the excavation may have upon, or
which may be caused to the works any existing
structures or any surrounding property and for any
effect or damage that may be caused by the
disposal of excavated materials.
The Contractor shall be responsible for any
landslips in the excavation and any injurious
effects caused thereby and shall make good at his
own expenses all such damage, whether to the
Works, the adjoining property or adjacent
structures to the satisfaction of the Architect.
No additional payment will be made to the
Contractor if by reason of hardship the quantity
of excavation is increased.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
51/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
52/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A
B
Bottom Of Excavations To Be Approved
The Contractor shall give the Architect at least
forty-eight (48) hours notice when the excavation
will be ready for inspection. The bottom of every
excavation will be inspected by the Architect and
the level thereof agreed between the Architect and
the Contractor. If a good bearing bottom is
obtained at a lesser depth than shown on the
drawings, or is not obtained at the level so
shown, the Architect is to be informed.
No concrete is to be laid until the bottom has
been approved and the level thereof taken.
Notwithstanding such approval, any bottom which
becomes waterlogged or otherwise spoilt after
approval, shall be cleaned out and reformed to the
Architects satisfaction before any concrete is
placed.
Dewatering And Temporary Drains
The excavation is at all times to be kept well
drained and dry with the help of drains, sumps,
etc. and by pumping. The water is to be led neatly
to a sufficiently big drain so that no mud or
water will spill on to the roads or pavements.
The Contractor shall also keep the main drains in
the immediate and surrounding areas free from
silting up owing to the effluent from the site.
Before pumping commence, the Contractor shall
submit to the Architect for approval the layout of
temporary drains, the locations and details of
pump sumps. The drainage layout shall be revised
periodically as is deemed necessary to suit the
site condition.
The drainage system should comply with the
requirements of the Public Works Departments and
the Health Department and any other appropriate
authorities.
The Contractor shall obtain the necessary
approvals and pay all costs and expenses. The
Contractor is deemed to have included the cost of
providing temporary drainage and any other cost
necessary for compliance to this Clause.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
53/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A General Labours, Prices And Measurements
All excavations are measured nett and the
Contractor shall allow in his prices for
additional excavation necessary for working space
etc. and for increased bulk after excavation.
Prices for excavation shall include:-
(a) For excavation in whatever type of
materials as encountered. Rock excavation(as defined herein) shall be paid
separately as an extra over normal
excavation.
(b) Grubbing up old roots etc. removing old
drain disused water pipes and electric
cables etc. and sealing off connection.
(c) Trimming sides, leveling or grading and
ramming to bottom of excavations.
(d) Planking and strutting or shoring to all
faces of excavation including any
additional excavation for planking and
strutting and formwork and subsequent
return filling and ramming or disposal or
excavated material occasioned thereby.
(e) For excavating below water table level.
Should the Contractor encounter ground which he
considers to fall within the category of Rock he
shall immediately inform the Architect and
Resident Architect in writing to seek instruction
regarding the recording of such material as no
claim can be accepted after the material has been
removed. Prices for earth filling, hardcore and
similar material shall include for all necessary
temporary, retaining boards and any extra material
required caused by penetration into the sub-soil.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
54/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
General Labours, Prices And Measurements (Contd)
The description of all items of excavation,
filling and disposal of excavated material shall
be held to include for any multiple handling to
and from temporary spoil heaps. Any excavationwhich are carried out below the required level are
to be filled back with mass concrete (1:3:6 - 40mm
aggregate) at the Contractors expenses.
The terms remove surplus excavated materials
shall be deemed to mean the provision of all
necessary ramps, hoists, baskets, etc. and load,
cart and deposit on site as directed by the
Architect Any surplus excavation not required on
site should be removed from the site.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
55/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
A
B
C
D
CONCRETE WORK
Reinforced Concrete
The reinforced concrete has been designed
generally in accordance with the recommendation
contained in B.S. 8110.
Unreinforced Concrete
Unreinforced concrete shall comply with all therelevant requirements for reinforced concrete.
Cement
Cement, unless otherwise described, shall be
Portland cement complying with B.S. 12 or
Portland blast furnace cement complying with B.S.
146. Sulphate resisting cement where specified
shall comply with B.S. 4027. Cement shall be
delivered in the original sealed and branded bags
or in manufacturers containers.
The name of the supplier and source shall be
submitted to the S.O. for approval.
Manufacturers certificates shall be submitted to
the S.O. on request.
Aggregates
Aggregates shall comply with the recommendations
of B.S. 882 and testing according to B.S. In
special circumstances a deviation from B.S. 882 in
respect of grading of aggregates may be accepted,
subject to the prior approval of the S.O.For
exposed, prestressed or sulphate resisting cement
concrete, the salt content, expressed as the
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
56/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
percentage of sodium chloride in the dry weight of
aggregate, should not exceed 1%.
A
B
Aggregates (Contd)
For other concrete, the total salt in a mix
(sodium chloride from aggregate + calcium
chloride from any additive) shall not exceed 2%
of the weight of cement. For structural concrete
grades the maximum size of fine aggregate shall
be 4.8mm. The preferred nominal maximum sizes of
coarse aggregate are 40mm, 20mm, 14mm and l0mm asspecified in tables 2, 3 and 4.
Any special requirements in regard to size, type
or colour of aggregates are specified in Tables
2, 3 and 4. Sand (Fine Aggregates) to be used in
this project shall be river sand. The use of
coastal sand, mining sand or crushed stone sand
shall not be permitted. The source, colour and
type of aggregates shall be approved by the S.O.
Limestone aggregates shall not be used for
substructures concreting Works.
Water
Water shall be from the mains and kept free of
any impurities. Where test are required they
shall be in accordance with the requirements of
B.S. 3148.
Reinforcement
Mild steel reinforcement shall comply with B.S.
4449. High yield stress steel reinforcement shall
be:-
Either cold-worked deformed bars complying with B.S.
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
57/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
4461.
Or hot-rolled deformed bars complying with the
following requirements:-
Minimum yield stress: 410 N/mm2
Minimum elongation : up to and including 22mm
nominal size 12%, over 22mm nominal size 14%.
A
Reinforcement(Contd)
Welded steel fabric shall comply with B.S. 4483
Mesh shall be delivered to site as flat sheets.
The Contractor shall provide manufacturers
certificate verifying compliance with this
specification, for each consignment from each
source.
Storage
Cement shall be stored in a weatherproof shed of
adequate size having a raised of dry floor or in
bulk in silos of approved design. Different types
of cement shall be stored separately.
Aggregates shall be stored on hard paved sloping
areas with adequate dividing walls, or in
approved containers to prevent mixing of
different type of aggregates.
Cement and aggregates shall be used in the order
in which they are received on site and storage
shall be arranged to facilitate this procedure.
Reinforcement shall be stored in racks clear of
the ground. Bundles of reinforcement shall be
clearly tagged with bar schedule and bar mark
reference. Where materials are to be stored on
suspended floors or roofs the Contractor shall
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1587-EW_Bill No. 2 - Preambles- Fr Baharuddin
58/111
Bill No. 2
Preambles
Turfing
B
ensure that such storage will not overload or
distort the structural frame.
Rejected Materials
Materials, which have been damaged or are
contaminated or have deteriorated or do not comply
with this Specification shall be rejected and
shall be removed from the site immediately at the
Contractors expense.
A
TESTS
General
Before commencement of the Works the Contractor
shall submit to the S.O. for his approval the
name of the Testing Authority he proposes to
employ.
The Contractor shall provide equipment and labour
necessary for carrying out the tests on or off
site specified or described in this
Specification. He shall make the necessary
arrangements for the delivery of samples and test
pieces to the approved Testing Authority. The
Contractor shall maintain any testing equipment
on site in proper working order to the
satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor shall
provide copies of test results to the S.O. as
required.
The manufacturers certificates of test will in
general be accepted as proof of soundness, but the
S.O. may require additional tests to be carried
out on any cement which in his opinion has
deteriorated through age, damage to container,
improper storage or for any other reason. Should
8/9/2019 Baharuddin - 05-1