!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!1!!!
!
!
!!!
!
FINAL!REPORT!!
!
!
!
The!AVU!Multinational!Project!Phase!II!
!
2013!1ST!INTERNATIONAL!CONFERENCE!OF!THE!AVU!
!
November!20H22nd!2013!
Hotel!Intercontinental!Nairobi,!Kenya!
!
!
Report!compiled!by!
Atieno!Adala,!PhD!
Manager!Research!and!Development!
!
!
©African!Virtual!University!
!
! !
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!2!!!
!
Table%of%Contents%I.! Acronyms%.............................................................................................................................................................%3!II.! Executive%Summary%.........................................................................................................................................%4!III.! Preconference:%...........................................................................................................................................%10!
1.! Workshops!....................................................................................................................!10!
2.! Digital!Poster!Display!.....................................................................................................!14!
IV.! Conference%Day%1%......................................................................................................................................%15!3.! Opening!Ceremony!.......................................................................................................!15!
4.! Session!1:!!Infrastructure!&!Capacity!............................................................................!19!
5.! Session!2:!!Open!Educational!Resources!(OER)!Integration!..........................................!26!
6.! Session!3:!Distance!Learning!&!ICTs!..............................................................................!30!
7.! Session!4:!Science!Education!&!ICTs!..............................................................................!34!
8.! Session!5:!eLearning!&!Instructional!Design!.................................................................!40!
9.! Session!6:!Instructional!Technology/Information!Systems!...........................................!43!
10.! Day!1:!Summaries!from!the!Chairs!............................................................................!47!
V.! Conference%Day%II%..........................................................................................................................................%64!11.! Session!7:!Panel!on!AVU!Multinational!Project!.........................................................!64!
12.! Session!8:!ICTs!&!Educational/Social!Context!...........................................................!70!
13.! Session!9:!Curriculum/Program!Development!..........................................................!71!
14.! Session!10:!OER!Crowdsourcing!Panel!Presentation!.................................................!76!
15.! Session!11:!High!Level!Panel!on!OER!&!MOOCs!........................................................!78!
16.! Session!12:!Keynote:!The!Online!Revolution:!Education!for!Everyone!.....................!81!
17.! Day!2:!Summaries!of!Presentations!..........................................................................!82!
18.! Closing!Ceremony!......................................................................................................!94!
VI.! Appendices%..................................................................................................................................................%96!19.! Program:!Outline!.......................................................................................................!97!
20.! List!of!Presenters!.......................................................................................................!98!
21.! List!of!Delegates!......................................................................................................!100!
22.! List!of!ACEP!Participants!..........................................................................................!105!
23.! Picture!Gallery!.........................................................................................................!111!
24.! Terms!of!Reference!for!2013!1st!International!Conference!of!the!AVU!..................!119!
25.! Call!for!Proposals!.....................................................................................................!122!
26.! Submissions!Review!Form!.......................................................................................!125!
27.! Checklist!for!Preparing!your!Final!Abstract!.............................................................!126!
28.! Preparing!Your!Presentation!for!the!Conference!....................................................!128!
29.! Session!Chair!Guidelines!.........................................................................................!131!
30.! Participants!Remarks!...............................................................................................!132!
31.! Conference!Evaluation!............................................................................................!136!
32.! Final!Abstracts!.........................................................................................................!139!
33.! Concept!Note:!Research!&!Development!...............................................................!161!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!3!!!
!
I. Acronyms+ ACBF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!!
ACEP! ! AVU!Capacity!Enhancement!Program!
ADEA! ! Association!for!the!Development!of!Education!in!Africa!
AfDB! ! African!Development!Bank!
AU! ! African!Union!
AVU! ! African!Virtual!University!
ACSP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Applied!Computer!Science!Program!
CAMES! ! African!and!Malagasy!Council!for!Higher!Education!
ICT! ! Information!and!Communication!Technologies!
MoU! ! Memorandum!of!Understanding!
NRA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!National!Regulatory!Authority!
OCWC! ! Open!Courseware!Consortium!
ODL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Open!and!Distance!Learning!
ODeL! ! Open!Distance!and!eLearning!!
OERs! ! Open!Educational!Resources!
PI! ! Partner!Institutions!
R&D!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Research!&!Development!
SADC!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Southern!Africa!Development!Community!
STEM! ! Science,!Technology,!Engineering!and!Mathematics!
TEP! ! Teacher!Education!Program!
UCAD! ! Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!de!Dakar!
UNESCO! United!Nations!Education!Scientific!and!Cultural!Organization!
VLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Virtual!Learning!Environment!
!
!
!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!4!!!
II. Executive+Summary+!
The!AVU!convened!its!first!international!conference!in!Nairobi!in!November!2013!from!the!20th!
–!22nd.!The!conference!was!funded!by!the!African!Development!Bank!within!the!framework!of!
the!Multinational!Project!II!being!implemented!in!21!countries!and!27!partner!institutions.!The!
theme!of!the!conference!defined!within!the!framework!of!AVU!R&D!agenda!focused!mainly!on!
topics!related!to!the!Multinational!project.!!The!conference!was!held!at!the!Hotel!
Intercontinental!Nairobi!and!was!well!attended!with!close!to!200!participants.!Represented!
were!the!African!Union,!African!Development!Bank,!AVU!and!OCWC!Board!of!Directors,!ViceH
Chancellors!and!Deputy!ViceHChancellors,!Ministries!of!Education,!National!Regulatory!
Authorities,!researchers!and!university!academics.!
Conference%Objectives%
!The!AVU!annual!conference!is!part!of!the!broader!AVU!research!and!development!(R&D)!
agenda!outlined!in!the!R&D!concept!note!(see!appendix!31).!!This!includes!holding!annual!
conferences!and!publishing!an!online!journal.!AVU!annual!conferences!funded!by!AfDB!will!
focus!primarily!on!topics!directly!related!to!the!Multinational!Project!activities.!The!outcome!of!
the!conferences!will!inform!policies!and!best!practices!not!only!for!AVU!but!also!for!the!
participating!countries,!and!the!larger!community!of!researchers!and!practitioners!in!Africa!and!
beyond.!The!research!areas!outlined!in!the!concept!note!include!content!development,!
programs!delivery!in!open!distance!and!eLearning,!science!and!technology!education!in!Africa,!
education!policies,!integration!of!ICT!in!Education,!unlocking!the!potential!of!mobile!learning,!
gender!and!education,!especially!in!science!and!technology.!The!call!for!proposals!for!the!
conference!drew!on!these!topics.!All!these!topics!are!related!to!the!Multinational!Project.!
The!objectives!of!this!first!conference!are!outlined!as!follows:!!
• Provide!a!forum!for!scholars!and!academics!across!the!African!continent!and!
globally!to!debate!and!exchange!ideas!on!research,!practice!and!policy!issues!
presented!on!the!theme!and!subthemes!of!the!conference.!
• Engage!with!administrators!of!participating!institutions,!notably!DVCs!academics!or!
their!chosen!representatives!by!having!them!attend!the!conference.!
• Engage!with!the!ministries!by!having!them!send!AVU!National!Coordinators!to!
attend!the!conference.!
• Disseminate!and!share!abstracts!of!accepted!proposals!by!publishing!in!the!
conference!proceedings.!
• Identify!scholars!whose!research!aligns!with!the!AVU’s!R&D!agenda.!!
• Identify!potential!submissions!and!reviewers!for!the!upcoming!AVU!online!journal.!!
• Develop!systems!and!procedures!for!the!2nd!and!subsequent!AVU!conferences!(see!
Appendix!22!for!complete!TOR).!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!5!!!
Call%for%Proposals%
The!call!for!proposals!was!sent!out!in!midHApril!2013!with!the!theme,!“Integrating!eLearning!and!
Open!Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa.”!The!theme!and!
subHthemes!of!the!conference!were!mainly!related!to!the!activities!of!the!Multinational!Project!
II.!!Proposals!were!invited!for!the!following!subHthematic!areas:!(i)!open!educational!resources!
(OERs)!and!massive!open!online!courses!(MOOCs);!(ii)!infrastructure!&!access;!(iii)!accreditation!
and!quality!assurance;!(vi)!management!and!delivery!of!open,!distance!and!eLearning!courses!
and!programs;!(v)!content!and!curriculum!design,!development!&!delivery,!including!in!science,!
technology!engineering!&!math!(STEM)!education,!teacher!education,!computer!science!and!
peace!&!conflict!studies;!(vi)!gender!issues!in!science,!technology!engineering!&!math!(STEM)!
education;!(viii)!design!of!instruction;!(ix)!assessment!and!evaluation;!(x)!emerging!media!and!
technologies,!including!mobile!learning;!(xi)!strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!
eLearning.!!
!
Proposals!were!invited!for!the!following!categories:!(i)!individual!papers,!(ii)!group!panels,!(iii)!
posters/digital!posters,!and!(iv)!workshops.!!
+
Proposal%Submission%and%Review%Process%
Considering!the!AVU’s!mandate!to!help!build!capacity!it!was!important!for!the!AVU!to!set!a!
precedent!by!requiring!that!call!for!proposals!attract!thoughtful!and!quality!proposals.!Hence!
instead!of!requesting!for!the!standard!250H300!word!abstract,!submissions!were!required!to!
provide!a!2000!limit!word!proposal!that!clearly!outlined!the!following!elements!in!a!research!!or!
practiceHbased!paper:!!(i)!Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper;!(ii)!Perspective!or!
theoretical/conceptual!framework;!(iii)!Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!(vi)!Data!
sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials;!(v)!Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!
warrants!for!arguments/points!of!view!(vi)!Scientific!or!scholarly!significance!of!the!study!or!
work!(vii)!Relevance!of!the!study!to!the!conference!theme!–!“Integrating!eLearning!and!Open!
Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa”!or!the!relevant!subH
theme!for!the!proposal. See!Appendix!23!for!the!complete!call!for!proposals. !
Over!60!proposal!submissions!were!received,!and!slightly!over!half!of!these!were!accepted!for!
presentation!after!undergoing!a!peer!review!process.!Alongside!the!call!for!proposals,!the!AVU!
sent!out!a!call!for!peer!reviewers.!About!twenty!people!responded!to!this!call.!Their!applications!
were!evaluated!and!only!those!deemed!suitable!were!requested!to!review!the!proposals.!Also!
requested!to!review!were!the!authors!who!had!submitted!proposals!to!the!conference.!!Each!
reviewer!was!sent!about!five!proposals!to!review!and!rank.!The!call!for!reviewers!is!an!ongoing!
project!as!the!AVU!is!currently!building!up!its!reviewer!database.!!!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!6!!!
For!the!first!conference!the!submission!and!review!process!was!handled!entirely!through!email,!
a!somewhat!tedious!and!time!consuming!process.!This!workload!can!be!reduced!with!the!
development!of!an!online!proposal!submission!and!review!system.!This!creation!of!an!online!
portal!is!discussed!below.!!
!
Resources%&%Skills%Developed%
Convening!the!first!conference!was!also!a!capacity!strengthening!exercise!for!all!the!units!of!the!
AVU.!All!units!were!involved!in!the!planning,!logistics!and!execution!of!the!conference.!!Working!
across!the!three!languages!for!an!enterprise!of!this!nature!was!also!quite!monumental.!The!first!
conference!provided!good!experience!to!build!and!improve!on!going!forth.!!
For!its!first!conference,!the!AVU!also!created!an!online!registration!and!payment!system.!All!the!
presenters!registered!through!this!system!and!some!early!bird!payments!were!also!received!
through!the!online!registration!system.!This!is!an!important!resource!that!needs!to!be!further!
developed!to!standards!of!professional!conferences.!!
In!line!with!AVU’s!capacity!strengthening!mandate!a!number!of!resources!were!developed!to!
help!authors.!These!were!meant!to!help!in!the!submission,!review!and!presentation!activities!
and!are!included!in!the!appendices.!These!include!the!guidelines!for!proposal!submission,!peerH
review!form,!a!checklist!for!preparing!your!final!abstract,!preparing!your!presentation!for!the!
conference!and!session!chair!guidelines.!!
!
Attendees%!
Presenters!came!mainly!from!the!AVU!Partner!Institutions!funded!by!the!African!Development!
Bank,!from!other!African!institutions!and!from!institutions!in!Europe,!Asia!and!America.!The!cost!
of!attending!is!a!challenge!for!many!African!academics!as!evidenced!by!the!request!for!
sponsorships.!There!were!a!number!of!people!who!indicated!that!without!sponsorship!they!
could!not!attend.!Going!forward,!there!is!need!to!explore!ways!to!setHup!a!fund!to!sponsor!
conference!participation.!Considering!the!underrepresentation!of!women!at!the!conference,!
recently!the!AVU!submitted!a!grant!proposal!to!support!women!computer!scientists!to!attend!
and!present!at!the!conference!and!is!exploring!other!funding!opportunities!for!the!conference.!!
!
The! advisory! committee! mainly! made! up! of! deputyHvice! chancellors! (DVCs)! academic! and!
national!coordinators!from!member!countries!ministries!of!education!were!also!sponsored!to!be!
part!of!the!conference!as!part!of!the!AVU!strategy!to!build!capacity!by!having!them!engage!in!
Research!and!Development.!AVU!strategic!partners!were!also!invited!to!the!conference.!Having!
DVCs,! Ministry! of! Education! representatives! and! ACEP! workshop! participants! attend! the!
conference!was!a!good!strategy!aimed!at!achieving!the!goals!of!the!conference.!This!built!on!the!
Advisory!meeting! in!May!and! the! launch!missions!encouraging!delegates! to!participate! in! the!
AVU!R&D!agenda!by!submitting!proposals!for!the!conference!and!the!online!journal.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!7!!!
!
The!AVU!and!Open!CourseWare!Consortium!board!meetings!coincided!with!the!conference.!The!
board!members!lent!their!support!to!the!conference,!actively!participated!in!the!various!
sessions!as!well!as!interacted!with!the!delegates.!!The!opening!ceremony!was!presided!over!by!
AVU!Board!member!Prof.!Rogerio!Uthui.!After!the!welcome!address!by!the!AVU!Rector,!the!
keynote!address!was!given!by!Chief!Guest!Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha,!the!Director!of!Higher!
Education!at!the!Ministry!of!Education,!Kenya!who!attended!on!behalf!of!the!Cabinet!Secretary,!
Prof.!Jacob!Kaimenyi.!Dr!Beatrice!Njenga!from!the!African!Union!Commission!(AUC)!also!gave!a!
speech!at!the!opening.!The!conference!ended!with!a!keynote!presentation!from!Daphne!Koller,!
Stanford!University!Professor!of!Computer!Science!and!CoHFounder!and!coHCEO,!Coursera.!
Professor!Chiedu!Mafiana!of!the!Nigerian!University!Commission!gave!the!vote!of!thanks.!!
Appendix!21!has!the!picture!gallery!with!some!of!the!photographs!from!the!conference.!!
!
Dissemination%Strategy%!
A!very!basic!website!was!developed!to!upload!information!and!resources!for!the!conference!
including!the!abstracts!and!the!program.!Going!forth!the!AVU!is!developing!a!more!robust!and!
professional!portal!for!the!Research!and!Development!unit.!This!will!include!website!for!AVU!
conferences!and!the!online!journal.!These!will!be!very!functional!sites!with!most!of!the!
submissions!and!review!process!moved!online!to!streamline!the!process!creating!a!more!
effective!and!efficient!submission!and!review!system!in!addition!to!hosting!the!final!
publications.!Resources!will!be!required!to!bring!this!site!to!the!requisite!professional!standard.!
The!conference!proceedings!for!the!1st!annual!conference!will!be!uploaded!to!the!online!portal.!
This!will!include!abstracts!and!PowerPoint!presentations.!Once!online,!partner!institutions!and!
other!strategic!partners!will!be!notified!to!access!the!proceedings!from!this!site.!The!
proceedings!were!also!videotaped!and!these!could!be!professionally!edited!and!shared.!Live!
streaming!of!the!conference!was!not!done!due!to!issues!of!cost!and!quality,!but!this!needs!to!be!
explored!for!subsequent!conferences.!
!
Final%Presentations%!
The!final!sessions!covered!the!following!thematic!areas:!(1)!Infrastructure!&!Capacity;!(2)!Open!
Educational!Resources!(OER)!Integration;!(3)!Distance!Learning!and!ICTs;!(4)!eLearning!&!
Instructional!Design;!!(5)!Science!Education!&!ICTs;!(6)!Instructional!Technology/Information!
Systems;!(7)!AVU!Multinational!Project;!(8)!Social!Context!of!ICTs!in!Education;!(9)!
Curriculum/Program!Development;!(10)!OER!Crowdsourcing!Panel!Presentation;!(11)!High!Level!
Panel!on!OERs!and!MOOCs;!(12)!Keynote:!The!Online!Revolution:!Education!for!Everyone.!The!
preconference!has!three!scheduled!workshops!(i)!Leveraging!Institutional!Open!Practices!to!
Promote!Access!to!Education!(ii)!Participatory!Digital!MultiHMedia!Content!Development!
Strategies;!(iii)!Open!Education!Resources!and!the!Impact!of!Open!Education!Policy.!!The!AVU!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!8!!!
did!not!receive!papers!on!all!the!subHthemes!in!the!call!for!proposals!such!as!on!gender!and!
STEM!education!and!therefore!as!mentioned!earlier!will!explore!strategies!to!get!papers!on!this!
topic!in!the!future.!
!
Worth!highlighting!are!some!of!the!sessions!that!build!synergies!with!the!activities!currently!
being!undertaken!in!the!AVU!Multinational!Project!Phase!II.!There!is!a!very!active!interest!in!
Open!Education!Resources!as!evidenced!by!the!fact!that!there!were!six!sessions!on!OERs!&!
MOOCs!(Workshops!1!&!3!and!Sessions!2,!10,!11!&!12).!!
The!workshops!were!held!on!the!preconference!day.!The!workshop!on!,!“Leveraging!
institutional!open!practices!to!promote!access!to!education,”!guided!participants!in!examining!
the!policy!environment!and!organizational!culture!desired!for!effective!open!education!
activities,!including!identifying!and!addressing!relevant!policies!at!the!departmental/faculty,!
institutional,!national,!or!association!level!(such!as!for!recognition,!promotion,!intellectual!
property,!quality!assurance,!etc.)!that!can!either!support!or!hinder!the!goal!of!increasing!access!
to!educational!experiences.!The!workshop!drew!from!case!studies!from!a!twoHyear!community!
college!in!the!U.S.,!an!undergraduate!and!postHgraduate!research!university!in!the!U.S.,!and!a!
regional!network!of!health!sciences!institutions!in!subHSaharan!Africa.!The!AVU!workshop!on!
Open!Education!Resources!sought!to!give!to!participants!an!awareness!of!what!OERs!are!and!to!
introduce!them!to!the!AVU!OER!collection.!The!session!also!discussed!the!concept!of!Creative!
Commons!Licenses.!!
The!papers!in!Session!2,!“Integration!of!OERs,”!interrogated!the!resultant!successes!and!failures!
when!it!comes!to!the!integration!of!open!education!resources!in!higher!education!and!the!need!
to!raise!awareness!and!to!support!the!use!of!OERs.!Three!out!of!the!four!papers!in!this!session!
were!from!AVU!partner!universities!in!Tanzania.!The!studies!looked!at!students’,!instructors’!and!
administrators’!perception!and/or!use!of!OERs.!More!work!is!still!needed!to!realize!the!adoption!
and!use!of!OERs.!!
The!papers!in!Session!10,!“OER!Crowdsourcing”!explored!the!possibility!of!using!crowdsourcing,!
the!recruitment!and!coordination!of!individuals!with!subject!matter!expertise!to!collaboratively!
write,!translate!and!maintain!open!educational!resources!(OER),!a!task!that!would!otherwise!
take!enormous!resources!and!time.!During!the!first!Phase!of!the!Multinational!project,!the!
translations!of!the!materials!were!costly!and!lengthy,!the!session!on!crowed!sourcing!was!
seeking!an!alternative!solution.!To!be!of!maximum!value,!OERs!need!to!be!localized!for!context!
and!for!language.!The!papers!presented!case!studies!from!three!different!countries!and!
examined!the!motivations!and!strategies!for!mobilizing!volunteers!with!language!skills!and!
subject!matter!expertise,!who!can!localize!educational!materials!without!losing!technical!
precision.!The!papers!sought!to!provide!a!framework!for!the!development,!adaptation,!and!
maintenance!of!OERs!using!crowdsourcing,!with!a!focus!on!models!for!collaborative!translation!
by!a!community!of!multilingual!volunteers!engaged!primarily!over!the!Internet.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!9!!!
!In!session!11,!“Panel!on!OERs!and!MOOCs,”!panelists!included!Board!Members!of!the!
OpenCourseWare!Consortium!(OCWC).!They!explored!the!basics!of!open!education!in!practice,!
including!considerations!for!licensing!materials!as!open!educational!resources!(OER)!and!for!
using!OER!to!support!student!access!and!achievement.!!Case!studies!came!from!Delft!University!
of!Technology,!Tufts!University,!USA,!the!University!of!California!Irvine,!USA,!Creative!Commons,!
Spain!and!showcased!the!variety!of!open!educational!projects!from!different!universities!around!
the!world.!!The!presentation!from!Georgia!Tech!University,!USA!showcased!how!using!MOODs!
(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees)!Georgia!Tech!was!able!to!significantly!lower!the!cost!of!getting!a!
master’s!degree!in!Computer!Science.!
Session!12!was!a!keynote!presentation!by!Daphne!Koller!on!MOOCs.!Titled,!“the!Online!
Revolution:!Education!for!Everyone,”!the!presentation!was!delivered!virtually,!with!Prof.!Koller!
taking!questions!on!Skype.!She!shared!how!Coursera!started!as!a!grant!experiment!project!at!
Stanford!University!that!wanted!to!deliver!computer!science!courses!to!anyone!with!an!internet!
connection,!around!the!world!for!free.!Enrolments!went!from!a!few!thousand!to!100,000!
students!or!more!within!a!matter!of!weeks.!She!put!this!in!perspective!by!noting!that!the!normal!
enrolments!for!the!introductory!machine!learning!course!is!400.!They!would!have!had!to!teach!
that!class!for!250!years!to!match!the!MOOCs!enrolments!in!Coursera.!But!this!would!have!been!
250!generations!of!privileged!Stanford!students!as!opposed!to!students!from!every!country,!
every!age!group!in!every!walk!of!life!that!would!have!had!access!to!these!materials!by!taking!the!
online!classes.!!
Another!area!of!activity!in!the!AVU!Multinational!Project!is!Science!Education.!In!Session!4!on!
Science!Education!&!ICTs,!the!presentations!argued!for!the!importance!of!integrating!ICT!in!
science!education!for!better!learning!outcomes.!However,!two!problems!were!highlighted:!(i)!
the!need!to!train!teachers;!(therefore,!those!who!resist!should!be!sensitized!with!a!view!to!
overcoming!this!opposition);!and!(ii)!the!interests!of!learners!should!also!be!upheld!because!
they!are!the!beneficiaries!after!all.!!
!
The!summaries!from!the!sessions!and!presentations!are!captured!in!the!rest!of!the!report!below!
and!abstracts!are!included!in!Appendix!31.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!10!!!
III. Preconference:++The!two!main!days!of!the!conference!were!preceded!by!a!preconference!which!workshops!and!a!
display!of!the!digital!posters.!This!was!rounded!off!by!a!welcome!reception!in!the!evening.!!
1. Workshops%%The!preconference!had!three!scheduled!workshops!(i)!Leveraging!Institutional!Open!Practices!to!
Promote!Access!to!Education!(ii)!Participatory!Digital!MultiHMedia!Content!Development!
Strategies;!(iii)!Open!Education!Resources!and!the!Impact!of!Open!Education!Policy.!!Below!is!a!
brief!description!of!these!workshops.!
!
1.1. Workshop*1:*Leveraging*Institutional*Open*Practices*to*Promote*Access*to*Education*
Facilitators:!James!GlapaHGrossklag,!Dean,!Educational!Technology,!Learning!Resources,!and!
! Distance!Learning,!College!of!Canyons,!and!President!of!the!Advisory!Board!for!the!
! Community!College!Consortium!for!Open!Educational!Resources!
Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo,!International!Program!Manager,!Office!of!Enabling!
Technologies,!University!of!Michigan!Medical!School!!!
This!workshop!was!well!attended!with!over!40!participants.!It!guided!participants!in!examining!
the!policy!environment!and!organizational!culture!desired!for!effective!open!education!
activities,!including!identifying!and!addressing!relevant!policies!at!the!departmental/faculty,!
institutional,!national,!or!association!level!(such!as!for!recognition,!promotion,!intellectual!
property,!quality!assurance,!etc.)!that!can!either!support!or!hinder!the!goal!of!increasing!access!
to!educational!experiences.!This!formal!and!informal!policy!environment!is!a!common!area!of!
interest!for!many!educators!and!institutions!that!are!curious!about!or!are!currently!pursuing!
open!education!activities.!The!facilitators!drew!from!their!own!experiences!at!their!respective!
institutions,!a!twoHyear!community!college!in!the!U.S.,!an!undergraduate!and!postHgraduate!
research!university!in!the!U.S.,!and!a!regional!network!of!health!sciences!institutions!in!subH
Saharan!Africa.!The!facilitators!shared!a!framework!for!understanding!one’s!own!organizational!
culture,!and!for!identifying!opportunities!for!open!practices!within!that!institutional!context.!
The!attendees!actively!participated!in!the!activities,!including!working!in!groups!to!complete!the!
worksheets!under!the!guidance!of!the!facilitators.!!
!
1.2. Workshop*2:*Participatory*Digital*MultiBMedia*Content*Development*Strategies*
Facilitator:*Robert!L.!Jones,!II,*Executive!Director,!OnLine!Africa!Knowledge!Foundation*
This*workshop*was*cancelled.*The*facilitator’s*flight*was*cancelled*and*could*not*make*it*in*
time*to*present.**
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!11!!!
Workshop*Description:!This!presentation!will!explore!how!the!OnLine!Africa!Knowledge!
Foundation’s!websites!are!using!multimedia!training!and!services!to!facilitate!development!of!
quality!cultureHspecific!education,!better!governance,!and!reliable!public!information!services!
through!a!network!of!“digital!fifth!estates”!which!are!collaborations!between!the!public!sector,!
private!citizens,!researchers,!professional!journalists,!universities,!community!journalists!and!a!
network!of!village!think!tanks.!The!session!will!focus!on!participatory!photography’s!ability!to!
help!aspiring!multimedia!storytellers,!photographers,!digital!designers!and!editors!acquire!or!
improve!their!ability!to!create,!appreciate!and!evaluate!images!that!have!commercial!and!
practical!developmental!value!due!to!their!universal!“readability”!(technical,!aesthetic!and!
communications!factors)!coupled!with!the!ability!to!present!cultureHspecific!data!visualizations!
in!compelling!ways.!Most!attendees!should!notice!an!immediate!improvement!in!their!ability!to!
take!and!utilize!images!as!a!result!of!the!session’s!training!modules.!Attendees!will!be!able!to!
explore!compelling!hyper!local!and!interactive!digital!solutions!that!can!be!readily!adapted!to!
meet!the!growing!need!to!communicate!“tactile”!visual!data!and!other!types!of!accurate!word,!
picture!and!sound!information!for!consumers,!multidisciplinary!researchers,!media!practitioners!
and!learners.!Participants!will!be!introduced!to!effective!practical!training!programs!and!other!
resources!that!can!help!Africans!tell!their!own!stories!better.!
!
1.3. Workshop*3:*Open*Education*Resources*and*the*Impact*of*Open*Education*Policy*
Facilitators:!!!Griff!Richards,!PhD,!Manager,!Educational!Technology!&!Learning!Resources!&!
James!Waciira,!African!Virtual!University!
This!workshop!was!facilitated!by!Dr.!Griff!Richards!and!was!well!attended!with!close!to!!200!
participants.!He!presented!the!OER!strategy!of!the!AVUin!3!parts.!!
!
Part*1*B*Open*Education*Resources*(OER)*Strategy*
Phase!II!(2012H2016)!of!the!Multinational!Project!involves!27!partner!institutions!in!21!countries.!
A!workshop!was!held!in!May!2013!to!review!and!revise!the!73!Teacher!Education!modules!that!
were!developed!in!Phase!I!and!later!released!as!OER.!10!new!modules!have!been!recommended!
for!development!i.e.!how!to!become!a!master!science!teacher/math!teacher.!The!curriculum!for!
an!applied!computer!science!degree!has!been!identified.!Peace!and!conflict!training!has!also!
been!recommended!for!public!access.!These!programs!are!to!be!implemented!over!the!next!two!
years.!
!
AVU!programs!and!modules!need!to!be!customizable!to!fit!into!each!institutions!programs!and!
to!meet!local!needs.!Consistent!quality!combined!with!flexibility!promotes!their!chances!of!
adoption.!Attention!will!be!focused!on!core!content!and!higher!and!modules!will!be!written!by!
African!experts.!AVU!has!an!Open!Education!Resource!policy!so!no!copyright!clearances!will!be!
needed!to!reHuse!or!adopt!our!materials,!and!the!material!will!be!publicly!available!to!learners!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!12!!!
as!well!as!professors.!Since!the!publication!of!the!OER!materials!in!2010!over!two!million!
accesses!to!the!content!have!been!made!–!almost!25%!from!Brazil.!
!
Ways!of!streamlining!the!translation!process!is!currently!being!discussed.!The!community!will!
corroborate!the!translation!since!professional!translators!may!not!understand!some!subject!
matter!e.g.!technical!issues.!Between!May!and!June!2014,!it!is!intended!that!materials!will!be!
emerging!and!it!is!projected!that!most!modules!will!be!completed!within!a!year.!Since!the!
computer!science!program!is!a!little!different!and!no!existing!programs!are!available,!it!will!be!
reviewed!by!the!expert!community.!A!twoHyear!diploma!program!leading!to!a!fourHyear!
bachelor’s!degree!has!been!recommended.!It!will!be!different!in!the!sense!that!it!will!be!geared!
toward!getting!practical!experience!that!will!include!general!education,!theory!and!applied!skills!
e.g.!getting!internship!experience.!The!AVU!strategy!recognizes!that!it!is!important!to!build!
community!programs!through!collaboration!with!local!stakeholders.!
!
Part*2:*OER*Portal*—*By*James*Wachira*
This!part!of!the!session!focused!on!a!Demo!of!the!OER!portal.!73!modules!developed!in!three!
languages!had!been!uploaded!on!the!OER@!AVU!site!and!other!platforms!like!SCRIBD!which!is!a!
social!media!site.!From!this!and!other!platforms!there!have!been!2,000,000!accesses!from!
beginning!of!2011!to!October!2013.!The!portal!has!won!several!awards!for!these!efforts.!
Statistics!on!international!usage!for!OER@AVU!portal!indicate!that!the!US!tops!the!chart.!
!
Revision!of!the!portal!will!have!greater!impact!with!better!technology!use!and!constant!updates!
by!other!users.!DSpace!is!a!useful!tool!in!putting!up!open!digital!content.!It!has!an!inHbuilt!
statistics!feature!and!Google!analytics!will!be!used!to!supplement!statistics.!There!has!been!a!lot!
of!lot!of!customization!for!the!portal!to!look!like!the!AVU!site.!Resources!are!grouped!in!three!
languages,!English,!French!and!Portuguese.!Final!modules!of!the!Multinational!Project!will!be!
available!in!both!.pdf!and!.doc!since!they!are!meant!for!easy!adaptation!by!universities.!!
*
Part*3:*OERs*and*Creative*Common*Licenses*—Dr*Griff*Richards*
In!the!final!part!of!the!session,!Dr.!Richards!introduced!the!concept!of!Creative!Commons!
Licenses.!The!copyright!was!designed!to!protect!authors!to!get!remuneration!for!their!work!and!
the!laws!vary!from!country!to!country.!In!UK!the!term!Open!University!meant!setting!university!
that!all!can!access.!i.e.!no!prerequisite.!Open!source!software!denotes!software!intended!for!use!
by!the!community!through!customization.!In!Open!Education!Resources!openness!means!open!
for!reHuse!by!others.!
In!the!last!few!years!a!lot!of!discussion!on!the!Creative!Commons!License!has!taken!place.!It!is!
focused!on!creating!content!but!giving!a!license!to!use,!share!or!reHadopt!the!materials.!There!
are!about!350!million!items!on!the!internet!with!CC!licenses.!Creative!Commons!consists!of!3!
licenses!and!four!principles.!OER!increases!profile!of!authors!and!saves!education!money!from!
having!to!purchase!learning!resources.!OER!maximizes!opportunity!for!sharing!as!well!as!
supports!nonHformal!learners.!This!makes!it!easy!for!future!updates.!It!not!only!increases!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!13!!!
visibility!of!the!profiles!of!the!faculty!involved,!but!also!results!in!support!of!the!development!of!
the!other!projects!through!exchanges!of!OER!material.!
!
Where%is%OER%going?!There!is!currently!concern!over!Massive!Open!Online!Resources!(MOOCs)!
in!Europe.!Free!education!by!large!organizations!is!posing!a!problem!of!quality.!Current!issues!
with!MOOCs!are!also!to!do!with!revenue!not!being!viable!for!institutions!and!poor!course!
completion!rates!hovering!about!5%.!A!lot!of!MOOCs!exist!in!science!courses!and!education!
policy!makers!at!universities!need!to!see!if!massification!of!education!is!possible!without!losing!
quality!of!the!learning!experience.!Some!MOOC!resources!are!massive!and!free!but!not!
necessarily!open,!i.e.!they!cannot!be!reHused.!Open!accessibility!issues!will!eventfully!sort!
themselves!out!but!the!movement!portends!changes!in!the!university!education!system.!Now!is!
the!time!to!invent!and!protoHtype!the!future!of!online!education.!
*
Plenary*Discussion*
Why*is*it*that*many*institutions*impose*copyrights*and*limit*the*use*of*published*papers*as*
one*may*wish*to?*
! The!traditional!commercial!academic!publishing!model!provided!a!service!to!the!
academic!community,!but!its!business!case!demanded!copyright!control!of!the!content.!
As!multinational!corporations!have!taken!control!of!the!academic!publishing!business,!
the!high!costs!of!subscription!have!become!an!impediment!to!distribution!of!
knowledge.!Yet!this!knowledge!is!usually!created!by!publiclyHfunded!scholars!working!
with!publiclyHfunded!grants,!so!it!should!be!accessible!to!the!public.!Few!institutions!in!
Africa!have!sufficient!budget!to!subscribe!to!a!large!collection!of!academic!journals.!
Open!publishing!provides!an!opportunity!for!academic!communities!to!reHtake!control!
of!the!flow!of!knowledge.!!Universities!can!adopt!open!education!policies!to!encourage!
publication!and!use!of!open!academic!resources.!Open!content!can!go!a!long!way!to!
making!knowledge!available!in!universities!in!developing!countries.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!14!!!
2. Digital%Poster%Display%Submissions also included digital posters and these were displayed on a plasma monitor at the conference venue. Delegates were invited to peruse the posters and presenters were requested to be on hand at scheduled times to discuss their digital posters with those interested. The following are the titles of the digital posters submitted. *
French*Posters*
1. Projet!de!création!d’ecao!(Exercices!Corriges!Assistés!par!Ordinateur)!par!des!étudiants!!
normaliens!pour!des!élèves!de!la!classe!terminales!H!Pr.%Rémi%Rakotondradona,%Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo,!Madagascar!
2. Opportunités!et!défis!pour!le!développement!des!TIC!en!appui!à!l’enseignement!!
supérieur!et!la!recherche!à!Madagascar!H!Dr!Jeannin!Ranaivonasy,!Joelisoa!
Ratsirarson!&!Daniel!Rakotondravony,!Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo,!
Madagascar!
!! !
English*Posters*
3. The!determinants!of!adoption!and!leading!use!of!the!internet!among!students!in!LCCs:!%an!empirical!study!on!Cameroonian!data%9%Georges%Bertrand%TAMOKWE%PIAPTIE,%University!of!Douala,!Cameroon%
4. Technologies!of!abundance!and!their!influence!on!learning!among!university!students!in!!!!!
!!!!!!!Kenya!%Anne%A.%Aseey%PhD,%University%of%Nairobi!5. The!Global!OER!Graduate!Network!(GOHGN)!!H!Jos.%H.A.N.%Rikers,!Open!Universiteit,!The!!
!!!!!!!!!Netherlands!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!15!!!
IV. Conference+Day+1+!
The!first!day!of!the!conference!began!with!the!opening!ceremony,!followed!by!six!paper!
presentation!sessions!each!one!and!half!hours,!with!the!day!ending!with!a!summary!from!the!
session!chairs.!!
3. Opening%Ceremony%*
Chair:*Prof%Rogerio%Uthui,%Rector,!Universidade!Pedagogica,!Mozambique!(Chair,!AVU!BOD)!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%!!
3.1. Opening*Remarks*B*Prof*Rogerio*Uthui,*Rector,*Universidade*Pedagogica,*Mozambique!(Chair,*AVU*BOD)*!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!*
%In!his!opening!remarks!Prof%Rogerio%Uthui%warmly!welcomed!all!partner!institutions!and!
delegates!who!were!there!to!attend!and!participate!in!the!first!International!Conference!of!AVU.!
He!recognized!the!presence!of!the!Chief!Guest!Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha,!the!Director!of!
Higher!Education!at!the!Ministry!of!Education,!who!attended!on!behalf!of!Prof.!Jacob!Kaimenyi,!
the!Cabinet!Secretary,!Dr!Beatrice!Njenga!from!the!African!Union!Commission!(AUC)!and!all!the!
distinguished!guests!and!delegates!from!around!the!world.!He!then!handed!over!to!Dr.!Atieno!
Adala,!AVU.!
!
3.2. Opening*and*Introductions*B*Dr*Atieno*Adala,*Conference*Chair*AVU*
Dr.!Adala!thanked!all!participants!for!attending!first!international!conference!of!the!AVU.!The!
presence!of!20!member!states!was!acknowledged.!She!observed!that!it!had!been!an!intense!
journey!in!organizing!the!forum!that!begun!with!a!call!for!proposals!in!April!to!review!of!the!
proposals!and!final!selection!of!papers.!
Dr.!Adala!introduced!the!participating!VC!and!DVCs!Academics!and!the!National!Coordinators!at!
the!Ministries!of!Education.!She!acknowledged!the!presence!of!the!National!Commission!of!
Nigeria!and!all!other!participants!who!would!be!taking!part!in!the!forum.!Finally,!Dr.!Adala!
invited!the!chair!to!invite!AVU!Rector!Bakary!Diallo!for!the!welcome!address.!
!
3.3. Welcome*Address*B*Dr.*Bakary*Diallo,*Rector*AVU*
Dr.!Bakary!once!again!acknowledged!the!presence!of!the!Director!of!Higher!Education!as!the!
representative!of!the!chief!guest,!Cabinet!Secretary!Jacob!Kaimenyi.!
Dr.!Diallo!underscored!the!theme!of!the!conference!that!revolved!around!training!on!eHlearning.!
He!described!Africa!as!the!next!frontier!with!massive!growth!potential.!He!noted!the!problem!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!16!!!
that!has!plagued!the!African!continent!for!the!past!decade!in!relation!to!training!the!human!
capital.!Statistics!showed!only!6%!have!access!higher!education!in!Africa.!If!Africa!is!to!compete!
and!seal!the!12H15%!the!gap,!then,!the!traditional!methods!of!training!were!not!the!best!suited.!
The!AVU!strategy!provided!a!suitable!method!to!increase!access!to!higher!education.!
Technology!provided!a!solution!that!is!within!reach!as!long!as!adequate!policy!and!planning!and!
quality!control!are!put!in!place.!
Open!Education!Resources!(OER)!and!MOOCs!(Massive!Open!Online!Courses)!are!changing!the!
face!of!education!and!questioning!the!future!of!higher!education.!There!is!need!to!strengthen!
capacity!to!keep!up!with!new!developments.!Dr!Diallo!invited!delegates!to!utilize!the!AVU!online!
journal!and!make!regular!contributions.!He!emphasized!the!need!for!Vice!Chancellors,!Deputy!
Vice!Chancellors,!Ministers!and!academicians!to!collaborate!in!education.!He!thanked!the!
African!Development!Bank!for!supporting!the!workshop.!He!observed!that!the!African!Union!
Commission!has!signed!an!MOU!for!assisting!in!open,!distance!and!eLearning!in!the!panHAfrican!
University!initiative.!He!thanked!the!Kenyan!government!for!having!given!AVU!diplomatic!status.!
In!conclusion!he!acknowledged!the!presence!of!all!delegates!and!participants!from!22!African!
countries!as!well!as!guests!from!South!America,!Latin!America,!the!United!States!and!Asia.!He!
observed!that!these!delegates!had!given!the!first!AVU!conference!truly!an!international!status.!
*
3.4. Opening*Remarks*by*African*Union*Commission*B*Dr.*Beatrice*Njenga*Head*of*Education*
Division,*AUC*
Dr.!Njenga!congratulated!AVU!on!successfully!convening!this!first!international!conference.!AVU!
has!gained!international!recognition!and!the!African!Union!Commission!was!proud!to!be!
associated!with!AVU!as!demonstrated!in!an!MOU!signed!on!the!PanHAfrican!University!initiative.!
Dr.!Njenga!hoped!the!deliberations!of!this!conference!were!going!to!enhance!the!contribution!
towards!engagement!manner!in!the!next!50!years.!She!stated!that!the!proceeds!from!the!
workshop!will!inform!work!that!AUC!will!be!doing!in!the!future!and!AUC!would!take!this!
opportunity!to!identify!other!players!for!further!collaboration.!She!referred!to!the!postH2015!AU!
agenda!on!education!development,!the!MDGs!and!African!Plan!of!Action!for!education!and!
pointed!out!that!the!forum!was!an!avenue!for!soliciting!ideas!on!how!eLearning!and!open!
education!could!help!in!achieving!these!goals.!The!current!strategy!under!development!was!
going!to!incorporate!eLearning!in!its!new!strategy!which!focuses!on!access!to!quality,!relevance,!
responsive!and!inclusive!education!for!all.!She!confirmed!that!education!was!at!the!core!of!
achieving!AU!vision!of!access!to!education!at!all!levels.!
Africa!has!the!largest!proportion!of!young!people!and!AUC!was!establishing!systems!of!
equipping!young!people!and!empowering!them!with!education.!She!stressed!the!importance!of!
not!compromising!on!quality!and!removing!barriers!to!access.!Institutional,!scientific!and!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!17!!!
technological!knowHhow!are!key!in!Africa!as!such!strengthening!of!the!human!resources!in!
formal!and!nonHformal!sector!will!empower!youth!in!Africa.!
Further!she!underscored!the!need!to!share!education!and!improve!on!the!1.1!million!teachers!
who!are!trained!and!the!importance!of!even!distribution!both!geographically!and!on!subject!
matters.!ICT!skills!provide!a!vital!platform!to!increase!access!and!fast!track!development.!
Tertiary!education!needs!to!be!enhanced!as!it!currently!registers!only!access!rate!of!7%!which!is!
too!low!to!meet!the!needs.!Strategy!for!education!policies!need!to!be!met.!Teachers!need!to!be!
at!technological!forefront!and!to!have!relevant!skills!for!learning.!A!flagship!project!for!AU!is!the!
PanHAfrican!University!intended!to!revitalize!education!and!research!and!attract!and!retain!high!
caliber!and!intelligent!personnel.!All!students!should!be!exposed!to!history!of!Africa,!human!
rights!and!conflict!resolution.!
ODeL!programs!will!be!included!at!the!Pan!African!University!and!there!is!need!to!contribute!to!
OER!and!to!make!them!accessible!to!all!institutions!in!Africa!and!the!Diaspora.!These!issues!will!
be!followed!up!with!AVU.!AVU!needs!to!expand!and!to!include!more!African!universities.!A!full!
operation!of!the!university!is!targeted!in!2014!and!AU!will!forge!partnership!towards!a!common!
vision.!She!assured!participants!that!the!recommendations!of!the!conference!will!be!presented!
to!the!conference!of!Ministers!of!Education!in!Africa!scheduled!for!April!2014!to!influence!
continental!policies.!In!conclusion!she!pointed!out!that!obstacles!need!to!be!removed!to!ensure!
compatibility,!manage!rights!and!responsibility!and!equality!in!the!African!continent!and!avoid!
disenfranchising!different!user!groups.!!
Finally!Dr.!Njenga!expressed!hope!that!the!proceeds!of!this!conference!will!seek!to!address!the!
identified!obstacles.!
!
3.5. Keynote*Speech*Guest*of*Honor*B*Prof*Jacob*Kaimenyi,*Cabinet*Secretary,*Ministry*of*
Education,*Kenya*represented*by*Director*of*Higher*Education.**
The!keynote!speech!was!read!on!behalf!of!the!Cabinet!Secretary!by!Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha!
the!director!for!higher!education.!She!began!by!congratulating!AVU!for!successfully!holding!its!
first!international!conference!and!expressed!the!Ministry's!delight!to!be!part!of!the!occasion.!!
Dr.!Mwakisha!noted!the!conference!was!organized!at!an!opportune!time!when!the!government!
of!Kenya!was!putting!policies!in!place!for!increasing!tertiary!education!in!the!country.!The!
number!of!universities!had!doubled!in!the!last!decade!but!the!number!of!students!increased!at!a!
faster!rate.!Universities!are!unable!to!enroll!all!students.!ODeL!is!also!key!to!solving!issues!of!
gender!and!accessibility.!ODeL!ensures!flexible!learning!with!the!ability!to!deliver!online!and!
offline.!The!government!is!in!the!process!of!establishing!the!Open!University!of!Kenya!and!will!
collaborate!with!AVU!in!this!initiative.!The!conference!will!help!identify!best!practices!in!ODeL.!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!18!!!
The!government!aims!to!make!education!the!platform!equipping!the!country!with!ICT!for!
dynamic!growth!and!there!is!need!to!consult!with!institutions!such!as!AVU.!Through!AVU!
programs,!6!academicians!benefited!at!UON!and!through!cascade!training!they!have!been!able!
to!train!700!academicians.!Kenyatta!University!and!Egerton!University!have!benefited!through!
enhanced!infrastructure!and!capacity!for!ODeL!delivery!and!management.!This!demonstrates!
that!AVU!is!fulfilling!its!objective!of!building!capacity!in!Africa.!!
Plans!are!underway!to!create!an!Open!University!of!Kenya!and!AVU!could!help!in!defining!the!
field.!Vision!2030,!of!the!government!of!Kenya!was!keen!on!using!the!platform!of!ICT!to!bridge!it!
deficits!and!required!a!helping!hand!from!AVU!during!its!inception!stages.!Dr.!Mwakisha,!
reiterated!the!Ministry’s’!commitment!in!creating!policies!that!address!eHlearning!progression!
and!the!availability!of!high!speed!internet.!The!ministry!will!also!support!all!the!efforts!geared!
towards!increased!uptake!of!the!AVU!programs!throughout!Africa.!There!is!need!for!affordable!
internet!access!and!the!government!will!put!in!place!policies!of!internet!infrastructure!for!
eLearning.!!
The!director!reiterated!the!Ministry's!support!for!the!vision!of!AVU!and!thanked!the!AfDB!for!its!
continuous!support!of!AVU!projects.!She!thanked!AVU!Rector!Dr.!Diallo!for!inviting!the!Ministry!
to!the!conference!and!in!concluding!declared!the!conference!officially!opened.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!19!!!
%
4. Session%1:%%Infrastructure%&%Capacity%*
Chair:*Prof.%Makenya%Maboko,!Deputy!Vice!Chancellor!Academic,!University!of!Dar!es!Salaam!
*
+4.1. The*role*of*photovoltaic*powered*ICT*centres*on*ODL*programmes*in*rural*areas*in*
Tanzania**
Presenter(s):%Damasen%Ikwaba%Paul%&%Fatma%Ubwa,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam*
*
Introduction*
Photovoltaic!is!solar!power!and!the!terms!can!be!used!interchangeably.!This!study!focused!on!
the!rural!areas!of!Tanzania.!The!current!population!in!Tanzania!is!44.9!million,!with!75!%!living!in!
rural!areas!and!25!%!living!in!urban!areas.!This!situation!may!be!replicated!in!other!parts!of!
Africa.!In!rural!areas!75%!have!no!access!to!higher!education!because!of!three!main!reasons.!
Most!universities!are!located!in!the!main!cities!of!Tanzania.!Low!income!in!rural!areas!results!in!
lack!of!funds!to!invest!in!higher!education.!There!is!only!one!ODeL!center,!the!Open!University!
of!Tanzania!with!two!modes!of!learning.!In!face!to!face!learning!the!student!travels!to!the!city!
and!regular!textbooks!are!used.!Face!to!face!session!is!very!expensive!in!delivery!and!hence!ICTs!
are!being!utilized.!!
*
Challenge*!
Only!2.5!%!of!Tanzanians!have!access!to!electricity!and!delivering!ICT!education!in!rural!areas!is!
a!challenge.!Most!people!have!to!go!to!cities!to!charge!phones!and!situation!is!not!mitigated.!
The!two!possible!sources!of!energy!are!generators!and!solar!energy!both!having!pros!and!cons.!
Generator!maintenance!is!a!challenge!with!need!for!constant!maintenance!and!repair.!The!high!
cost!of!solar!energy!technology!cannot!be!afforded!by!the!rural!poor.!!
*
Recommendation*!
The!recommendations!made!from!this!survey!included!establishing!ICT!solar!powered!centers!in!
each!ward!in!Tanzania,!installation!of!at!least!40!pcs!or!laptops!in!each!center,!provision!of!
internet!facilities,!uploading!of!educational!materials!for!study,!eBooks!journals!and!reference!
material!to!be!uploaded!and!to!ensure!accessibility!without!internet.!The!recommended!sources!
for!funds!for!ICT!center!were!government!funding,!joint!partnership!between!community!and!
donors!and!loans!from!village!coHoperative.!!
*
Impact*of*solar*powered*center*on*community*!
• Ability!to!access!university!website!for!relevant!information!reduces!the!need!to!travel!
to!the!center!!
• Access!admission!information!electronically,!course!and!examination!registration!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!20!!!
• Reduces!the!need!to!travel!to!the!institution!for!registration!!
• Access!to!higher!education!loan!application!digitally!!
• Access!to!electronic!reference!material!study!and!online!forums!and!interaction!with!
tutors!!
!
Next*steps!
• 98%!response!in!study!indicated!that!setting!up!of!centers!would!increase!access!to!
education!!
• A!pilot!project!is!planned!to!be!set!up!5!ICT!centers!!
• Conduct!survey!to!establish!extent!of!higher!education!!
• After!3H4!years!confirm!if!ICT!centers!increase!access!to!higher!education!
*
*
*
*
4.2. Strengthening*institutional*capacity*for*effective*eBlearning*through*partnership:*An*illustration*from*public*sector*management*training**
Presenter(s):%Mr.%Franklin%Mutahakana,%African%Capacity%Building%Foundation%(ACBF)%Harare,%Zimbabwe;%Dr.%Hardson%Kwandayi,%Africa%University%Mutare,%Zimbabwe%%*
Introduction*!
Africa!has!vast!natural!resources!with!fast!growing!economies!and!has!the!potential!for!
development!in!many!aspects.!However!the!key!challenge!facing!Africa!is!how!to!turn!these!
resources!into!potential!for!growth.!!
!
The*Challenge*
Africa!has!the!highest!level!of!unemployment!and!lack!of!access!to!education.!Major!challenges!
facing!higher!learning!institutions!is!that!government!support!has!been!reducing!and!has!
affected!the!ability!for!research!and!reduced!impact!from!universities.!Universities!have!had!to!
learn!to!be!innovative!and!have!resorted!to!technology!innovations!such!as!eLearning!for!
sustainable!development.!It!is!important!to!mitigate!these!challenges!in!order!to!remain!
relevant!in!the!sector.!!
!
Interventions*
Interventions!by!the!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF)!are!structured!through!
capacity!at!three!levels:!!
• Individual!development;!
• Institutional!capacities;!and!!
• Organization!capacities!in!terms!of!policy!framework!and!governance!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!21!!!
The!ACBF!focuses!on!institutional!support!through!renewing!of!infrastructure!and!mainly!
through!ICT,!making!sure!universities!keep!up!with!technology.!The!Education!sector!is!key!to!
Africa's!development!and!it!is!important!to!identify!solutions!in!order!for!sustainability!to!be!
achieved!in!Africa.!!
In!offering!assistance!to!African!universities!and!providing!institutional!support,!ACBF!has!learnt!
several!lessons:!!
• Partnerships!are!important!in!devolving!and!strengthening!institutional!capacity!!
• Capacity!development!is!a!long!term!process!that!requires!patience!and!capital!!
!
Need*for*innovation*in*education*!
Traditional!modes!of!learning!have!lost!ground!and!leave!out!potential!clients.!Innovations!in!ICT!
have!assisted!education!institutions!not!to!be!restricted!by!geographical!and!political!
boundaries.!Conventional!methods!are!no!longer!sufficient!and!limits!reach!of!an!institution.!In!
eLearning,!adults!find!it!easier!to!learn!in!their!own!environment!since!they!have!limited!time!
for!attending!face!to!face!classes.!Research!has!shown!that!eLearning!is!effective!in!adult!
education!and!in!education!beyond!political!and!geographical!boundaries.!!
*
Survey*findings*!
ELearning!has!greater!edge!in!terms!of!access!to!material!and!resources!e.g.!eBooks!and!eH
Journals!provide!wider!variety!in!terms!of!research!and!improving!delivery.!Capacity!
development!is!not!simple!and!short!time!process!requires!long!time!strategy!and!sufficient!
capital.!Technology!is!the!key!to!accessing!development!objectives!particularly!in!the!education!
sector.!Education!is!key!to!sustainable!development!and!investments.!ACBF!has!found!that!there!
are!models!that!work!and!those!that!do!not.!Partnership!with!institutions!and!developing!
capacity!specifically!in!education!sector!has!worked!in!many!cases.!In!conclusion,!an!educated!
continent!is!an!empowered!continent.!Partnerships!are!the!key!to!supporting!institutional!
development!and!eLearning!is!the!tool!that!will!assist!the!education!sector!to!leap!frog!the!
continent!to!development.!!
*
%4.3. Effective*implementation*of*technology*innovations*in*higher*education*institutions:*A*
survey*of*selected*African*universities**
Presenter(s):%John%Kandiri,%Kenyatta%University,%Kenya%*
Introduction*!
This!survey!involved!universities!selected!across!Africa!and!focused!on!how!to!scale!up!the!
uptake!of!technology!in!these!institutions.!Experience!has!shown!that!there!has!been!a!high!
failure!rate!in!integrating!ICT!in!universities.!Researchers!are!trying!to!come!up!with!successful!
models!given!that!there!is!high!demand!for!education!in!Africa.!!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!22!!!
In!Africa!learning!institutions!have!high!numbers!of!students!enrolled!in!relation!to!the!limited!
lecturers.!Technology!has!potential!to!attract!students!and!transform!education!and!building!
communities!of!innovation.!The!significance!of!technology!in!education!cannot!be!overH
emphasized.!In!sectors!such!as!banking,!there!has!been!a!high!intake!and!effectiveness!of!
technology.!In!education!however!there!seems!to!be!disengagement!between!belief!and!usage!
of!technology.!Most!projects!are!based!on!testing!of!technology!rather!than!implementation.!
This!is!because!where!implemented,!failure!of!a!technology!has!had!serious!consequences!on!
institutions,!such!as!loss!of!credibility,!negative!image!and!these!results!in!skepticism!by!top!
management.!!
*
The*Study*!
The!survey!intended!to!establish!the!issues!causing!continued!failed!technology!in!higher!
education!and!focused!on!the!role!of!monitoring!and!evaluation,!resources,!financing,!project!
leadership!and!top!management.!Both!qualitative!and!quantitative!methods!were!applied.!The!
study!was!conducted!between!2008!and!2012.!Participation!involved!7!universities!with!26!
projects!in!subHSaharan!Africa.!53!interviews!were!conducted!and!34!inHdepth!interviews!carried!
out.!SPSS!was!used!in!the!analysis.!!
*
Results*!
By!end!of!December!2012,!were!the!projects!effectively!implemented?!33%!of!the!projects!were!
in!use,!67%!were!not!in!use.!30.7%!of!the!respondents!indicated!they!were!using!technology.!
Not!all!objectives!were!met!in!using!the!technology!and!most!indicated!they!perceived!partial!
success.!Findings!showed!lack!of!congruence!between!quantitative!and!qualitative!data.!The!
lack!of!success!was!attributed!to!poor!framing!and!development!of!innovation!at!70%.!Success!
requires!that!the!project!must!be!a!substantive!objective!of!the!organization!and!some!
departments!were!not!involved!in!the!design.!There!was!lack!of!fidelity!as!in!some!cases!what!
was!in!the!proposal!was!not!implemented.!Silo!mentality!accounted!for!a!proportion!of!failure!
of!the!projects.!Some!departments!like!ICT!were!not!ready!to!share!information.!Many!pilot!
projects!are!conducted!and!result!in!redundancy.!The!institutions!are!only!testing!technology!
and!not!implementing!technology!in!most!cases.!!
*
Conclusions*!
• There!is!lack!of!absorptive!capacity!in!African!universities.!!
• Lack!of!belief!in!technology!!
• Lack!of!technology!transfer!from!external!sources!and!lack!of!developing!capacity;!once!
the!project!is!over!and!the!funders!pull!out!the!institution!could!not!sustain!the!project!
• There!is!poor!framing!in!cases!where!institutions!get!funding!and!adopt!technology!
without!looking!at!how!it!would!impact!strategy!of!the!institutions.!!
Recommendations**
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!23!!!
• SubHSaharan!Africa!is!a!challenged!environment!where!technology!in!government!and!
workplace!is!fraught!with!failures.!!
• There!is!need!for!institutions!and!government!to!have!better!framing!and!capacity!
development!and!especially!encourage!staff!to!embrace!positive!ideas!of!technology.!!
• There!is!need!to!tap!skills!from!external!sources!for!continuity!of!projects.!!
!
4.4. Discussion*
The!role!of!ICTs!photovoltaic!powered!centres!on!ODL!programmes!in!rural!areas!in!Tanzania!H!
Damasen%Ikwaba%Paul%&%Fatma%Ubwa,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam!
i. How*much*on*average*would*be*the*cost*of*setting*up*a*center?*
! Cost!analysis!has!not!been!explored!and!will!be!considered!at!the!second!stage!of!
proposal!for!funding.!
!
ii. What*is*the*distance*between*the*centers*and*does*it*enable*accessibility*between*
areas?*
! Distance!is!not!known.!The!centers!are!located!at!the!wards!and!are!near!secondary!
schools.!The!centers!are!more!accessible!for!the!rural!communities!as!compared!to!
the!city.*
*
iii. Are*groups*of*postBsecondary*students*who*would*like*further*education*e.g.*polytechnics*and*colleges*catered*for*in*the*ICT*center*or*are*they*specifically*intended*
for*university*education?*
! All!groups!are!allowed!to!use!the!center!and!it!would!be!used!as!a!community!
training!facility!
!
iv. What*measures*have*been*put*in*place*for*sustainability*of*the*project?*
! Local!communities!involved!from!the!beginning!of!project!to!ensure!sustainability.!
!
v. Mobile*learning*was*pointed*out*as*a*challenge.*Have*you*explored*the*use*of*solar*
mobile*chargers*that*are*currently*available?*
! The!research!did!not!go!into!the!detail!but!the!project!has!the!information!on!solar!
powered!batteries!for!laptops!and!phones.!
!
vi. Expound*on*criteria*used*in*identifying*the*location*of*the*ICT*center?*! Currently!the!centers!are!not!in!place!but!once!the!funding!is!availed!the!criteria!for!
selection!will!be:!
o The!center!must!be!in!rural!areas,!with!no!electricity!
o The!community!must!have!an!education!that!can!qualify!for!higher!
education.!The!source!of!information!for!this!is!budget!survey!2007!that!
identified!several!variables!in!the!households!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!24!!!
o Number!of!students!enrolled!to!ODeL!centers!
!
vii. Statistics*based*on*population*distribution*indicate*that*25%*of*the*population*is*living*in*urban*areas.*Will*programs*to*be*implemented*in*ODeL*only*focus*in*access*to*rural*
population?*Have*you*looked*at*access*needs*in*urban*areas*and*what*are*the*reasons*
for*lack*of*access*in*urban*areas?*
! There!is!challenge!in!access!in!the!urban!areas!also,!but!the!focus!to!access!in!the!
study!is!considered!only!in!rural!areas.!
!
viii. Have*you*considered*other*alternative*ways*of*generating*power*in*case*the*solar*panels*fail*considering*in*rural*areas*it*is*difficult*to*fix*failures*of*solar*panels?*
! Only!solar!panels!will!be!considered.!There!are!plans!to!train!technicians!to!run!the!
center!and!maintain!the!equipment.!
!
ix. Was*the*qualification*and*number*of*staff*for*ICT*center*considered?*
! Research!did!not!go!into!details!of!manpower!and!skills.!The!variable!will!be!
considered!in!the!next!proposal.!
!
x. *Comment:*The*presenter*should*consider*justifying*why*they*need*to*locate*certain*
centers*in*certain*places.*The*project*should*be*proposed*as*sustainable*because*
donors*and*funders*would*be*interested*in*this*variable.*
*
Strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!effective!eHlearning!through!partnership:!An!illustration!
from!public!sector!management!training!H!Mr.%Franklin%Mutahakana,%African%Capacity%Building%Foundation%(ACBF)%Harare,%Zimbabwe!
i. Are*there*institutions*that*demonstrated*best*practices*in*strengthening*institutional*
capacities*that*can*be*adopted*by*others?*
! The!paper!was!focusing!on!partnerships!between!ACBF!and!African!Universities.!
ACBF!supports!capacities!across!the!continents.!In!Ghana!ACBF!has!partnership!with!
GIMPA,!which!can!be!termed!a!case!of!good!practice!in!terms!of!institutional!
capacity!strengthening!in!technological!innovation.!
!
! In!Kenya,!the!Kenya!School!of!Monetary!studies!has!a!program!on!banking!and!
microHfinance!that!was!also!successful.!Other!cases!include!Zambia,!Zimbabwe!and!
Uganda's!Makerere!University.!In!francophone!Africa,!universities!in!Cameroon!and!
Ivory!Coast!with!policy!management!training!are!good!examples.!
!
! The!areas!focused!on!were!ICT!and!faculty!involvement!and!providing!faculty!with!
new!skills!in!the!aspect!of!institutional!capacity!strengthening.!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!25!!!
ii. How*did*you*solve*the*issue*of*adoption*of*technology*by*staff*as*a*teaching*method?*
! In!terms!of!resistance!to!change,!all!human!beings!resist!change!but!part!of!the!
strategy!is!to!show!success!in!small!increments!and!other!players!will!see!
advantages!and!embrace!change.!The!study!did!not!look!at!this!as!a!variable!but!
response!from!lecturers!showed!that!they!find!technology!to!be!relevant!in!
enhancing!education.!Level!of!resistance!is!not!as!bad!as!other!changes!experienced!
in!society!
!
Effective!implementation!of!technology!innovations!in!higher!education!institutions:!A!survey!of!
selected!African!universities!H!John!Kandiri,!Kenyatta!University,!Kenya!
i. The*60%*silo*mentality*findings*are*interesting*and*not*surprising.*Was*this*further*
explored*to*understand*the*reason*for*the*silo*mentality?*
! Technology!should!be!framed!to!specific!needs!of!users!and!not!just!for!the!sake!of!
technology.!The!projects!were!funded!and!introduced!through!top!management!e.g.!
DVC.!However,!implementation!did!not!consider!how!the!technology!would!support!
strategic!roles!of!the!institutions.!
!
! When!selecting!groups!to!implement!the!project,!measures!were!not!taken!to!
ensure!collaboration!and!this!resulted!in!disharmony!and!competition.!There!should!
have!been!a!way!of!ensuring!groups!working!together.!For!those!institutions!that!
had!proposals!prior!to!the!project,!implementation!was!successful.!!
!
ii. What*basis*of*selection*for*universities*was*used*in*the*study?!
! The!study!mainly!focused!on!Anglophone!universities!and!only!1!Portuguese!
speaking!institution!was!involved.!Funding!was!provided!for!selected!7!universities!
and!26!projects.!This!was!based!on!proposals!by!the!institution!to!the!sponsors!and!
was!used!as!a!basis!for!selection.!
! %
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!26!!!
!
5. Session%2:%%Open%Educational%Resources%(OER)%Integration%*
Chair:**Prof%Aggrey%Abate,!Vice%Chancellor,%University!of!Juba,*South!Sudan!!
5.1. By*means*of*OER*integration:*An*analysis*of*tutors’*and*learners’*views*of*OER*as*an*ODL*
strategy*for*teaching*and*learning*
Presenter(s):%Ezra%Maritim,%Jacqueline%L.%Bundala,%Winfrida%Malingumu,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%
!
*
This!paper!emphasized!the!alternatives!of!OER!as!a!solution!to!traditional!methods.!This!will!
counter!the!challenges!in!the!traditional!way!of!teaching!and!learning!resources!which!includes!
among!others!low!participation!in!higher!education.!OER!provides!education!at!low!possible!
costs.!It!further!highlighted!the!need!to!invest!in!OER!as!a!means!of!promoting!access,!quality!
and!relevance!and!for!learning!to!take!place!anywhere.!The!idea!of!open!access!will!reward!the!
students!as!the!greatest!beneficiaries.!This!is!in!tandem!with!SADC!policy!that!seeks!to!enable!
students!to!move!across!institutions!in!the!region!and!to!ensure!mobility!does!not!constrain!
learning.!SADC!plays!a!critical!role!as!a!regional!block!helpful!in!the!realization!of!OER.!!
*
*
5.2. Challenges*and*instructors’*intention*to*adopt*and*use*open*educational*resources*in*higher*education*in*Tanzania*
Presenter(s):%Joel%S.%Mtebe,%University%of%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%%%%*
This!paper!brought!to!the!fore!the!fact!that!resources!used!in!traditional!methods!are!expensive,!
inadequate!and!outdated.!Therefore,!as!much!as!OER!use!was!still!at!its!early!stages!with!a!
paltry!2%!in!subHSaharan!Africa,!other!factors!that!pose!challenges!include!internet!availability!
and!access!and!enabling!policy!guidelines.!As!such!some!of!the!efforts!are!geared!toward!
expanding!to!ensure!significant!effect!on!the!use!of!OER.!In!conclusion!it!was!clear!that!about!
80%!were!willing!to!share!resources!via!internet.!Benefits!are!well!documented.!!
!
*
*
5.3. Students’*awareness*and*their*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware:*A*case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*
Presenter(s):%Zamzam%I.%Nyandara%&%Janeth%E.%Kigobe,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%!
This!paper!brought!to!the!fore!student!awareness!of!OER!materials!and!AVU!course!materials.!
Results!of!the!study!postulated!that!awareness!decreased!with!age!but!gender!did!not!affect!the!
degree!of!awareness!since!it!cut!across!board.!A!majority!of!the!students!acknowledged!the!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!27!!!
benefits!of!the!OER!material!but!did!not!want!to!spend!a!lot!of!time!there!since!the!content!
available!did!not!help!them!pass!examinations.!Some!were!not!impressed!by!use!of!multiple!
questions!as!they!considered!this!a!model!used!in!lower!levels!of!learning.!In!conclusion,!there!
was!a!generally!positive!feeling!towards!the!material,!but!probably!some!sensitization!and!
drawing!the!attention!of!the!students!to!the!relevance!may!increase!the!uptake!of!the!materials!
by!participating!institutions.!!
*
*
5.4. Perception*of*executive*board*members*of*African*Council*for*Distance*Education*on*
integration*of*open*educational*resources*in*distance*higher*education*institutions*in*
Africa*
Presenter(s):%Dr.%Rotimi%Ogidan,%African%Council%for%Distance%Education,%Nairobi,%Kenya%!
This!study!sought!to!interrogate!the!knowledge!level,!the!respondents!perception,!the!staff!
preparedness!to!access!integration!of!OER,!the!relevance,!the!impact,!as!well!as!the!means!of!
procurement!among!the!decision!making!organs!of!institutions!of!higher!learning.!It!focused!on!
Vice!Chancellors!in!various!institutions!who!were!members!of!the!African!Council!for!Distance!
Education.!It!currently!had!43!members,!a!number!of!associate!members!and!273!individual!
members.!The!members!who!were!interviewed!represented!the!center!of!decision!making!in!
institutions!of!higher!learning.!
The!findings!of!the!study!indicated!the!VCs!did!not!understand!OER!resources!and!had!little!
interest.!This!was!also!replicated!among!members!of!staff!who!also!showed!little!or!no!interest.!
The!study!therefore!recommended!the!general!lack!of!awareness!be!countered!through!a!series!
of!sensitization!meetings!with!the!aim!of!increasing!awareness.!
!
*
5.5. Discussion*
By!means!of!OER!integration:!An!analysis!of!tutors’!and!learners’!views!of!OER!as!an!ODL!strategy!for!
teaching!and!learning!H!Ezra%Maritim,!Jacqueline%L.%Bundala,!Winfrida%Malingumu,!Open!University!of!Tanzania!Dar!es!Salaam,!Tanzania!
i. Infrastructure*plays*a*critical*role*in*operating*an*effective*OER,*do*the*above*
presentations*consider*infrastructure*as*important?**
! The!development!and!publishing!of!OER!materials!process!is!the!same!as!that!used!
in!module!development!only!that!at!OER!it!is!not!confined!to!the!institutions!
developing.!For!example,!in!the!SADC!center!short!courses!are!conducted!on!policy!
making!and!are!used!to!address!regional!needs.!The!material!is!also!developed!by!
consensus,!whereby!a!consortium!designs,!then!reviews!and!eventually!release!the!
material!for!public!use.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!28!!!
!
ii. How*is*content*developed*and*published*within*OER?*
! The!materials!developed!are!mainly!consumed!by!open!learning!universities.!There!
are!many!studies!that!have!always!focused!on!content!and!infrastructures!as!the!
only!inhibiting!factor!to!the!uptake!of!OER,!yet!there!are!social!aspects!to!the!slow!
uptake!of!this!mode!of!learning.!
Challenges!and!instructors’!intention!to!adopt!and!use!open!educational!resources!in!higher!
education!in!Tanzania!H!Joel%S.%Mtebe,%University%of%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%%!
!
i. What*is*the*impact*of*the*research*done*on*AVU*activities?*
! The%last%5%years%have%recorded%increased%access%to%internet%and%use%of%online%material%all%over%Africa%
!ii. The*need*to*use*OER*in*institutions*of*higher*learning*is*evident,*is*there*any*
chance*of*using*OER*in*lower*levels*of*learning*especially*where*there*is*high*
enrollment*and*there*are*no*adequate*teachers*and*classrooms?*
! The%use%of%OER%is%not%limited%to%higher%institutions%given%that%the%SADC%protocol%recognizes%ODEL%as%a%vehicle%to%all%levels%of%education.%
! The%laptop%project%in%Kenya%makes%OER%one%of%the%most%viable%utilization%at%all%levels%of%education.%
%iii. What*is*the*actual*cost*of*OER?*Are*there*budgetary*constraints*in*developing*
OER?*
! Underfunding%is%a%real%challenge%in%the%development%of%OER%which%emanates%from%the%negative%perceptions%that%the%users%have.%Open%textbooks%as%they%are%used%in%North%America%provide%a%perfect%way%of%reducing%the%budgetary%costs.%
%iv. Traditional*teaching*methods*do*not*encourage*eLearning*as*a*mode*of*teaching.*
What*can*be*done*to*increase*its*uptake*among*schools*and*teachers?*
! As%a%way%of%convincing%academia%to%adapt%ODEL,%two%modes%of%material%have%been%developed%–%the%printed%materials%and%online%materials.%%
Students’*awareness*and*their*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware:*A*case*of*the*Open*
University*of*Tanzania*B**Zamzam!I.!Nyandara,!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!Dar!es!Salaam,!Tanzania*
i. The*research*done*on*awareness*and*the*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware*does*
not*show*if*students*are*aware,*how*did*you*draw*your*conclusions?*
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!29!!!
! The%intention%of%the%study%on%awareness%and%their%use%of%African%virtual%open%courseware%were%to%find%future%use%of%OER%if%the%users%are%well%oriented.%The%study%therefore%focused%on%only%those%who%were%aware%of%AVU%existence.%
%! This%study%sheds%some%light%in%the%usage%behavior%of%the%students%within%their%
institution.%%
! In%the%study%on%student%awareness,%resistance%from%students%on%the%multiple%choice%questions%which%are%perceived%to%belong%to%the%lower%level%of%learning%is%unfounded.%Multiple%choice%questions%can%be%used%at%any%levels%to%achieve%intended%objectives.%
!
ii. The*African*culture*generally*shuns*technology*and*is*not*adapted*to*this*kind*of*
lifestyle,*is*there*any*hope?*
%! Adaptation%and%African%culture%play%a%role%in%the%uptake%of%eLearning,%however%the%
use%of%references%that%are%online%is%one%of%the%strategies%institutions%can%use%to%direct%students%towards%using%OER.%
!
iii. There*seems*to*be*a*breakdown*of*communication*between*AVU*and*stakeholders*
adduced*from*the*papers*presented?*What*is*AVU*doing*to*counter*this?*
! There%is%no%disengagement%between%AVU%and%development%of%OER%because%AVU%brought%together%12%representatives%from%institutions%and%individual%experts%to%form%a%consortium%which%in%turn%collaborated%in%the%development%of%the%materials.%
%! AVU%is%working%tirelessly%to%ensure%the%utilization%of%the%modules%is%meaningful.%So%
far%25%workshops%have%been%organized%in%various%institutions%and%centers%to%promote%the%use%of%the%materials.%The%materials%are%also%available%in%CD%ROMs%and%can%be%downloaded%in%libraries%for%use.%
! %
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!30!!!
%%
6. Session%3:%Distance%Learning%&%ICTs%*
Chair:*Amadou%Boureima,!DVC!Academic,!Université!Abdou!Moumouni!de!Niamey,!Niger!
%*
6.1. Student*perception*of*open*and*distance*learning*mode*for*initial*primary*teacher*
training*in*Malawi:*A*case*of*Lilongwe*Teachers*College*
Presenter(s):%Grace.%M.%K.%Banda%PhD,%Lilongwe%Teachers%College,%Malawi%&%Elias%Kaphesi%PhD,%University%of%Malawi,%Malawi%!
Data!collection!was!undertaken!and!three!groups!were!engaged!in!the!activity.!The!students!
appreciated!the!introduction!of!eLearning!and!materials!used!were!easy!to!read.!A!very!positive!
response!on!ODeL!was!received.!!
Malawi!ODeL!model!aims!at!providing!IPTE!certificate,!combines!college!based!institution,!selfH
study!and!school!based!study.!ODeL!curriculum!was!organized!in!six!themes—languages,!
numeracy!and!mathematics,!social!sciences!and!environmental!sciences.!At!the!field!level,!
support!came!from!the!district!education!officers,!head!teachers,!mentors!and!practicing!
teachers.!Team!work!was!key!for!the!success!of!this!program.!Demand!for!ODeL!is!increasing.!
The!introduction!of!ODeL!has!led!to!an!increase!of!student!teachers!in!colleges!and!positive!
perceptions!of!students!about!ODeL.!!
Major*findings*of*ODEL*in*Malawi**
• Students!are!willing!to!embrace!ODEL!!
• Materials!were!easy!to!read!!
• Financial!support!was!appreciated.!!
Challenges**
The!students!appreciated!the!financial!support!however!the!allowances!came!in!late,!the!
schools!were!in!poor!conditions,!there!was!shortage!of!teachers!and!professional!support!during!
practicum!lacked!thus!minimal!supervision.!!
The!students!complained!that!it!was!too!much!work!combining!field!study!and!practice.!The!
materials!were!limited,!and!when!they!came!they!were!late.!There!were!no!charts!and!the!
libraries!didn't!have!books.!There!was!also!a!shortage!of!teachers!and!the!few!teachers!were!
teaching!very!large!classes.!!
In!conclusion,!students!are!willing!and!are!ready!to!adopt!ODEL.!!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!31!!!
6.2. Preparedness*for*digital*learning*of*ODL*students*in*Africa:*Case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*
Presenter(s):%E.T.%Bisanda,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%!
!
Open!University!of!Tanzania!(OUT)!was!established!in!1992!as!a!public!ODeL!tertiary!institution!
in!the!East.!Some!of!the!challenges!of!the!print!media!which!have!since!been!solved!by!the!
adoption!of!ODeL!has!increased!cost!of!production,!distribution!and!storage.!OUT!sought!to!find!
out!how!prepared!learners!are!and!their!general!perception!of!digital!delivered!technology.!
Questionnaires!were!distributed!randomly!and!some!of!the!information!solicited!included!
gender,!use!of!official!mail,!computer!literacy!and!ownership!of!ICT!equipment.!!
More!males!participated!in!the!research.!Over!52.6%!used!emails,!and!only!9.3%!didn't!have!
access!to!anything.!The!general!perception!of!ODeL:!79%!mentioned!that!the!idea/measure!to!
go!digital!is!timely!whereas!19%!felt!indifferent.!!
However!ICT!has!its!challenges!too,!because!of!the!illiteracy!levels!among!the!adult!students,!
lack!of!content,!poor!network!coverage,!unreliable!or!nonHavailable!power,!and!cost!of!
hardware,!inadequate!local!content!and!unpreparedness!for!the!shift!to!digital.!!
Achievements**
• OUT!has!a!website,!a!mail!server,!WiHFi!services!and!student!records!management!
system!(SARIS)!!
• Registration!of!exams!is!also!automated!and!they!have!digitized!all!its!learning!materials!!
• Generally!the!move!to!go!digital!is!well!appreciated!and!the!students!are!ready.!The!
university!should!explore!cheaper!ways!of!accessing!digital!content.!
!
6.3. The*potential*of*VLE*in*providing*access*to*quality*education*in*rural*community*schools*–*
myth*or*reality*
Presenter(s):%Najim%Ussiph,%PhD%Kwame%Nkrumah%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%%%%%%%%Kumasi,%Ghana.%!
There!is!need!to!take!up!ODEL!as!the!way!of!the!future.!The!VLE!system!allows!for!flexible!
learning.!With!ODEL!various!competences!are!considered.!However!there!is!need!for!tools!to!
support!eHlearning!and!distance!learning.!!
!
6.4. Discussion*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!32!!!
*
Student*perception*of*open*and*distance*learning*mode*for*initial*primary*teacher*training*in*Malawi:*A*
case*of*Lilongwe*Teachers*College*B*Grace.!M.!K.!Banda!PhD,!Lilongwe!Teachers!College,!Malawi!&!Elias!Kaphesi!PhD,!University!of!Malawi,!Malawi*
i. What*is*the*difference*between*this*research*and*the*previous*research*done?*
! It’s!positive!that!similar!research!is!being!done.!As!we!all!know!these!studies!are!
donor!funded!and!we!are!all!in!the!same!level.!i.e.!developing!countries,!the!
research!is!bound!to!be!similar.!Demand!for!ODeL!programs!are!increasing,!thus!the!
need!to!continue!with!research!and!find!areas!of!improvement!in!the!delivery!of!
ODEL.!
!
ii. How*do*you*address*quality*of*teacher*education*in*your*model?*
! In!some!cases!trainees!were!sent!to!their!home!areas!as!volunteers.!They!were!
therefore!not!taken!very!seriously!as!other!teachers!were.!Some!teachers!were!even!
teased.!When!lecturers!go!out!in!the!field!they!try!and!address!some!of!the!
problems!identified.!
!
iii. We*are*interested*in*the*student*perception*and*we*expected*to*see*differences*
between*the*traditional*method*of*teaching*and*use*of*ODEL.*
! The!study!was!to!only!find!out!the!perception!on!the!ODeL!and!not!compare!with!
the!traditional!method!of!teaching;!however!comparing!can!be!done!next!time!
because!they!are!all!running!concurrently.!
!
iv. Among*the*problems*highlighted*which*ones*were*you*able*to*solve?*
! There!is!need!to!put!up!the!right!infrastructure!to!solve!some!of!these!problems,!like!
poor!school!conditions,!it!will!take!time!to!address.!
!
v. How*long*did*it*take*to*complete*the*study?*
! The!study!started!early!last!year!2012!and!was!completed!recently.!
!
vi. Are*the*results*of*the*study*available*in*the*internet*so*that*we*can*interrogate*the*research?*
! The!research!findings!can!be!availed!to!the!interested!parties!for!purposes!of!
learning.!
!
Preparedness!for!digital!learning!of!ODL!students!in!Africa:!Case!of!the!Open!University!of!
Tanzania!H!E.T.%Bisanda,%The%Open%University%of%Tanzania,%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania!
i. The*question*was*about*preparedness.*Why*didn’t*you*start*by*defining*
preparedness?*
! There%were%no%theoretical%frameworks%used%to%define%preparedness.%
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!33!!!
%ii. In*your*presentation*you*mentioned*there*are*4.6%*who*are*illiterate.*When*you*talk*
of*digitization,*is*it*all*books*in*the*library?*
! All%books%need%to%be%digitized%because%one%can%also%access%the%same%file%concurrently,%this%will%reduce%operational%cost%of%operations.%
%iii. Is*there*a*discrepancy*in*your*research*because*45%*have*laptops*whereas*there*is*
only*42*%*access?*
! Access%means%many%things%and%is%not%limited%to%laptops.%There%are%smart%phones%and%iPads%7.7%%didn't%have%equipment%but%they%can%access%the%internet.%
! The%design%of%the%website%can%hinder%access%and%not%necessarily%the%lack%of%a%tool.%If%the%website%is%not%interactive%it%will%hinder%access.%
%iv. What*is*the*affiliation*of*students*in*the*study?*How*many*students*are*in*the*class.?*
! There%are%5%faculties%in%the%OUT%%
v. !What*efforts*are*being*put*in*the*university*to*address*the*computer*illiteracy*levels?*
! There%is%a%compulsory%course%in%ICT%for%all%students%%
vi. *Are*the*teachers*prepared*to*deliver*the*program*to*the*students?*
! The!teachers!are!well!trained,!some!of!which!are!sent!outside!the!country!to!be!
trained!in!ICT.!
%The!potential!of!VLE!in!providing!access!to!quality!education!in!rural!community!schools!–!myth!
or!reality!H!Najim%Ussiph,%PhD%Kwame%Nkrumah%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%Kumasi,%Ghana.!
i. There*was*no*superiority*in*the*theory*of*your*research.*What*are*the*major*
differences*between*this*research*and*the*others*done*previously?*
! The!study!was!derived!from!the!previous!one!and!therefore!there!were!no!major!
differences.!
!
ii. Why*don't*you*use*Video*conferencing*as*one*of*the*tools?*
! With!the!open!distance!learning!it’s!possible!for!the!students!to!access!the!
information!at!any!time!unlike!video!conferencing!where!the!students!have!to!be!at!
a!fixed!location.!For!video!conferencing!you!have!to!be!there!but!for!eHlearning,!one!
can!access!the!materials!at!their!convenient!time.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!34!!!
!
7. Session%4:%Science%Education%&%ICTs%!
Chair:*Maxime%DACRUZ,!DVC!Academic,!Université!d'Abomey!Calavi,!Benin!
!
*
7.1. Intégration*des*TIC***dans*l’enseignement*des*sciences*physiques*du*secondaire*:*
Formations*en*présentiel*et*en*ligne*dans*quatreBvingt*lycées*de*Madagascar,*des*
Comores,**du*Sénégalet*de*l’Ile*Maurice*[Integrating!ICTs!in!Physics!Teaching!:!OnKSite!and!Distance!Training!in!Forty!HighKSchools!of!Madagascar,!the!Comoros,!Senegal!and!Mauritius].*
Presenter(s):%Jean%Claude%Omer%Andrianarimanana,%Ecole%Normale%Supérieure%d’Antananarivo,%Madagascar%!
Introduction*
This!research!was!undertaken!in!Madagascar!in!collaboration!with!AVU.!It!was!funded!by!
Francophone!International!Organization!to!sensitize!teachers!in!training!on!the!platform!
particularly!in!physics!and!science.!It!was!aimed!at!introducing!students!to!a!new!breed!of!
teaching.!The!four!countries!involved!in!the!study!were!Madagascar,!Mauritius,!Comoros!and!
Senegal.!The!goal!was!improving!teaching!through!ICT!and!developing!ICT!in!the!pedagogical!
system.!
The!three!main!objectives!of!the!study!was!to!put!in!place!training!courses!using!ICT;!to!
contribute!to!the!development!of!secondary!school!teaching;!and!to!improve!access!in!
education!for!students!at!different!levels!of!education.!
It!was!aimed!at!mainstreaming!ICT!and!sensitize!teachers!from!partner!countries!in!the!use!of!
ICT.!Physics!and!chemistry!were!selected!for!the!study.!Teachers!were!trained!in!mastery!of!
communication!tools!for!teaching.!Validation!was!sought!from!external!experts.!
270!teachers!from!80!schools!and!4!countries!were!sensitized!on!benefits!of!mainstreaming!ICT!
as!a!new!approach!that!offers!quality!teaching!with!better!success!rates.!
It!involved!lessons!simulated!by!animation!and!lab!experiments!in!multiHmedia.!Teachers!were!
trained!on!use!of!project!tools!and!online!collaboration.!
It!was!expected!that!there!would!be!improvement!in!science!content!and!curriculum!through!
the!projects!as!well!as!an!increase!in!number!of!students!advancing!to!university.!
The!main!activities!included!sensitization!on!ICT!benefits,!definition!of!content!and!tools!to!be!
developed,!preparation!of!platform!to!be!used,!testing!of!tools,!sharing!of!tools!in!different!
schools,!training!of!students!and!teachers!in!use!of!tools,!identification!of!support!strategies,!
analysis!of!content!quarterly!in!physics!and!chemistry!and!analysis!of!data.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!35!!!
Online!training!was!introduced!in!the!last!2!quarters!of!the!same!year!and!then!there!was!a!
comparison!in!8!schools!in!all!3!quarters.!
Analysis*
The!main!questions!asked!were:!
• How!can!ICTs!in!schools!be!used!socially?!
• Are!teachers!available!and!ready!to!strengthen!existing!collaboration!between!schools!
in!the!platform?!
• How!can!the!teachers!exploit!ICT!tools?!
Conclusion*
These!approaches!enable!students!to!easily!assimilate!process!and!evaluate!the!lessons.!But!did!
the!students!benefit?!ICT!was!integrated!in!last!2!quarters!and!the!use!of!these!tools!has!
improved!learning!content!in!physics!and!they!obtained!results.!The!implementation!of!the!
project!had!an!impact!in!the!improvement!in!results!in!the!4!countries.!
Low!performing!students!have!improved!their!score!in!physics!and!the!tools!helped!students!to!
master!basic!knowledge,!resolve!more!issues!and!do!more!exercises.!
For!sustainability!a!survey!was!carried!out!with!2!questionnaires!and!they!focused!on!course!
content,!relevance!objective!skills,!teachings!approach!and!improvement.!They!were!developed!
both!for!the!teachers!and!the!students.!The!conclusion!was!that!teachers!required!improvement!
in!course!content!and!lack!of!labs!and!staff!was!solved!by!the!virtualization.!
*
7.2. Enhancing*access*to*open*science*education*by*integrating*ICTBvirtual*labs*and*microB
science*kits*in*Kenya*
Presenter(s):%Ronald%M.%Michieka,%Masinde%Muliro%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%Kenya%!
!
Introduction*
Science!education!programs!have!two!goals:!
• Appreciation!of!knowledge!
• Development!of!skills!H!which!requires!resources.!
Africa!is!trailing!behind!in!STEM!education!and!open!science!has!the!potential!to!remove!
barriers,!improve!poor!performance!in!education!and!low!motivation!to!pursue!science!related!
careers.!There's!need!for!science!and!technology!for!innovation!and!development.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!36!!!
The!Kenya!government!introduced!free!education!and!this!has!led!to!high!enrollment!with!the!
student!teacher!ratio!at!45:1!in!primary!schools!and!28:1!in!secondary!education.!Lack!of!
resources!has!led!to!diminishing!interest!in!science!lessons.!
The!study!objective!was!to!establish!the!effect!of!integrating!ICT!virtual!labs!and!micro!science!
kits!in!learning!and!motivation!of!students.!!
Trends!in!science!education!are!moving!from!traditional!macro!equipment!in!laboratories!to!
micro!equipment!with!use!of!smaller!apparatus.!The!next!step!is!virtual!labs!with!use!of!
technology!for!virtual!experiments.!
Components!of!micro!science!kits!were!developed!in!South!Africa!and!students!do!not!require!
laboratories!to!perform!experiments,!instead!experiments!will!move!to!classrooms!for!
convenience!of!students!with!virtual!experiments!being!conducted!on!computers.!
Four!sample!schools!were!selected!the!first!school!was!provided!the!micro!science!kits,!the!
second!school!was!engaged!in!virtual!experiments!and!the!third!school!integrated!both!methods!
while!the!control!sample!had!no!micro!kits!or!virtual!labs.!
Results*and*Impact*
• Active!learning!among!students!H!students!were!involved!
• Enriched!science!learning!environment!
• Improved!performance!in!skills!development!
• All!schools!had!comparable!results!and!there!was!improvement!in!overall!performance!
Advantages*
• Low!initial!and!running!cost!since!cost!of!material!and!chemicals!reduced!significantly!
• High!safety!since!materials!small!hence!risk!of!contamination!reduced!
• Low!environmental!impact!because!there!is!reduced!use!of!chemicals!
• Easy!and!quick!to!set!up!as!there!is!no!need!for!labs!
Implications*
• These!tools!are!sustainable!and!applicable!
• Science!education!achievable!by!all!
• Increased!scientific!literacy!in!education!
• Improved!public!image!of!science!
• Virtual!experiments!are!software!based!and!complete!virtual!experiments!can!be!done.!
!
!
7.3. Conception*et*suiviBévaluation*de*cours*de*formation*à*distance*en*biologie*et*éducation*
environnementale:*Vers*un*modèle*harmonisé**
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!37!!!
(Design,*monitoring*and*evaluation*of*distance*learning*in*biology*and*environmental*
education:*toward*a*harmonized*model)*
Presenter(s):%Mamadou%Sarr,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%FASTEF,%Senegal%!
Introduction*
The!Ministry!of!Education!in!Senegal!was!forced!to!do!away!with!untrained!teachers!hence!the!
training!project!was!developed!for!13!000!teachers!in!ODeL!learning.!
There!was!need!for!content!development!but!university!lecturers!who!are!untrained!in!
eLearning!wanted!written!material!as!they!are!not!knowledgeable!in!developing!online!content.!
They!demanded!written!lessons.!
The!course!content!needed!to!conform!to!international!standards!in!line!with!reforms!at!the!
university!and!the!methods!of!design!and!evaluation!needed!to!be!harmonized.!
The!objective!of!the!program!was!the!development!of!a!harmonized!model!for!evaluation!and!
tools!to!transform!classroom!lessons!to!online!lessons.!The!requirement!was!that!objectives!
must!be!well!defined!by!the!department!involved!in!the!project.!It!was!important!to!put!in!place!
a!facility!to!undertake!this!within!the!university.!There!are!23!concepts!that!were!identified!in!a!
process!referred!to!as!'scenerisation'!and!AVU!assisted!in!the!process.!
Information!from!different!institutions!was!analyzed!and!11!aspects!were!derived!from!the!
analysis.!A!conceptual!framework!was!developed!and!all!11!concepts!that!have!been!retained.!A!
summarized!model!is!currently!available.!Evaluation!forms!from!partners!were!integrated!as!a!
common!form.!AVU!has!27!partner!universities!who!need!to!look!at!them!and!analyze!and!
compare!with!these!institutions.!The!tool!can!be!uploaded!online!and!is!in!line!with!
international!standards.!
Recommendations*
• There!is!need!for!harmonization!of!monitoring!and!evaluation!
• There!is!need!to!meet!the!demand!for!eLearning!and!the!tool!can!be!beneficial!to!all!27!
partners!of!AVU!
• Many!teachers!are!not!trained!in!eLearning!and!have!to!be!persuaded!on!the!
importance!of!eLearning!and!appropriate!measures!are!needed!at!all!stages!of!
development.!
Summary*
• There!is!resistance!of!certain!teachers!who!prefer!written!material!to!online!learning!
• There!is!need!to!develop!harmonized!material!for!eLearning!
• 50!lessons!have!been!developed!
• A!conceptual!framework!has!been!defined!in!a!summarized!format!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!38!!!
• Online!classes!have!been!uploaded!
!
7.4. Discussion*
Intégration!des!TIC!!!dans!l’enseignement!des!sciences!physiques!du!secondaire!:!Formations!en!présentiel!
et!en!ligne!dans!quatreHvingt!lycées!de!Madagascar,!des!Comores,!!du!Sénégalet!de!l’Ile!Maurice!H!Jean%Claude%Omer%Andrianarimanana,%Ecole%Normale%Supérieure%d’Antananarivo,%Madagascar!!
!
i. Are*the*high*schools*in*the*study*located*in*capital*city*or*in*the*rural*areas?*
! All%schools%are%represented,%both%rural%and%urban.%Only%students%who%were%enrolled%within%the%school%were%targeted.%%
ii. You*indicated*that*a*questionnaire*was*developed*for*the*research*and*it*seems*to*
have*too*many*questions.*Could*it*be*reviewed?*
! The%questionnaire%was%developed%for%teachers%and%students%to%be%sustainable%and%for%others%to%take%advantage%of%results%to%be%re9used.%Students%in%both%classroom%and%platform%situation%were%involved.%CDs%were%used%and%usable%in%TV%for%audiences%who%do%not%have%computers.%
! Harmonization%of%platform%and%classroom%teaching%is%still%sensitive.%Only%those%who%can%have%connectivity%can%access%internet%information.%There%is%need%for%finding%a%solution%for%lack%of%bibliographical%references.%Those%without%access%to%platform%had%CD%and%DVD%format%and%maximum%information%provided%for%evaluation,%online%software%was%not%used.%%
iii. Why*was*the*implementation*of*the*project*done*in*the*last*two*quarters*of*the*year?*
! The%sponsors%said%it%has%to%be%done%within%the%year.%First%term%for%traditional%method%and%second%term%used%to%evaluate%the%platform%use.%
!
Enhancing!access!to!open!science!education!by!integrating!ICTHvirtual!labs!and!microHscience!
kits!in!Kenya!H!Ronald%M.%Michieka,%Masinde%Muliro%University%of%Science%&%Technology,%Kenya!!
i. What*were*the*constraints*and*problems*of*implementation*since*the*study*seems*to*
be*all*positive?*
! Basically%some%teachers%were%resistant%to%change%but%the%pupils%were%enthusiastic%and%had%a%chance%to%do%practical%experiments.%
*
ii. Are*the*micro*science*kits*reBusable*or*disposable?*
! The%apparatus%are%re9usable%and%they%are%very%small.%One%small%container%has%several%equipment%equivalent%to%the%laboratory%these%are%affordable%and%are%less%than%10%dollars.%
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!39!!!
!
Conception!et!suiviHévaluation!de!cours!de!formation!à!distance!en!biologie!et!éducation!
environnementale:!Vers!un!modèle!harmonisé!(Design,!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!distance!learning!in!
biology!and!environmental!education:!toward!a!harmonized!model)!
Presenter(s):%Mamadou%Sarr,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%FASTEF,%Senegal%!
i. How*were*you*able*to*convince*teachers*to*put*their*lessons*online*because*usually,*
most*teachers*are*unwilling*to*upload*their*content*online?*
! Teachers%are%still%not%computer%literate%and%when%asked%to%provide%eLearning%they%do%not%want%to%involve%themselves.%Some%are%about%to%retire%and%see%no%need%to%learn%ICT%and%eLearning.%
! With%AVU%program%focusing%on%STEM,%teachers%are%enabled%to%put%content.%As%a%means%to%motivate%teachers,%500%franc%is%paid%for%each%lesson%uploaded.%At%the%moment%this%is%not%to%try%to%bribe%teachers%but%encouraging%them%to%put%their%content%online.%Different%methods%exist%for%motivation.%!
ii. *Why*did*the*project*decide*on*50*lessons?*
! The%university%had%a%performance%contract%with%the%University%of%Senegal%and%World%Bank%was%involved.%The%University%of%Dakar%was%to%start%with%50%lessons%to%promote%integration%of%ICT%and%there%was%need%to%test%50%classes.%
%iii. How*did*you*manage*the*difference*in*competence*among*the*learners?*Some*
learners*are*unable*to*download*and*access*lessons.*
! Inspiration%was%drawn%from%AVU%for%testing%of%content%and%teachers%have%tutors%near%them.%Learning%inspectors%can%be%educational%advisors%and%have%responsibilities%of%supporting%teachers%in%the%platform%and%in%the%field.%
! This%program%is%extended%to%4%regions%with%200%tutors%supporting%teachers%both%in%the%platform%and%teaching%activities.%Through%discussions%and%face%to%face%interactions,%teachers%are%given%guidelines%and%sent%to%the%field%and%recalled%for%classroom%teaching%to%be%prepared%for%exams.%
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!40!!!
%
8. Session%5:%eLearning%&%Instructional%Design%!Chair:*Dr.%Taye%Tolemariam%Ejeta,!VP!Academics,!Research!&!Student!Affairs,!Jimma!University,!
Ethiopia!
%!
8.1. Learner*support*in*eLearning:*Featuring*the*devil*in*the*detail*Presenter(s):%Bona%I.%Maandera,%The%Virtual%University%of%Uganda%!
This!paper!focused!on!problems!the!learner!support!faces!as!implemented!in!Uganda.!eLearning!
is!considered!as!a!wonderful!idea,!but!when!it!comes!to!supporting!the!learning,!there!is!little!
support!given!to!students!or!users.!Uganda!targeted!working!professionals!at!postgraduate!
levels!and!it!is!expected!familiarity!with!the!use!of!the!computer!and!internet!use!was!high.!It!
was!established!that!learners!required!different!types!of!support!while!using!eLearning.!This!
could!either!be!ICT!literary!support,!technology!or!system.!The!paper!recommended!timeliness!
of!support!and!efficacy!of!access!as!means!that!will!provide!the!much!need!support!in!the!use!of!
eLearning.!
!
%%8.2. Exploring*modes*of*education*delivery*in*the*digital*age*
Presenter(s):%Brenda%Mallinson,%South%African%Institute%for%Distance%Education%(Saide)%South%Africa%!
This!paper!highlighted!the!shift!of!the!mode!of!delivery!from!campus!based!to!fully!online!or!
fully!offline.!It!laid!emphasis!on!the!need!for!educational!technology!staff!to!explore!the!modes!
that!are!currently!in!use!if!they!are!responding!to!the!trends!in!the!market.!A!wide!variety!of!
modes!such!as!web!supported,!web!dependent,!fully!online,!internet!dependent,!internet!
supported,!digital!supported,!fully!offline,!campus!based!hybrid!or!blended!and!remote!would!
redefine!the!eLearning!experience.!As!a!choice!is!made,!the!core!value!to!the!material!to!be!
delivered!should!define!the!means.!
!
!
8.3. 7BConception:*conception*pour*divers*scénarios*d'enseignement*et*d'apprentissage*:*
l'autoBapprentissage,*l'apprentissage*centré*sur*l'apprenant,*l'apprentissage*basé*sur*
la*collaboration*
Presenter(s):%Laurence%Rabotovao,%Ecole%Normale%Supérieure%d’Antananarivo,%Madagascar%*
The!main!objective!of!this!study!was!to!promote!environmental!study!through!the!use!of!ICT.!
The!use!of!social!media!among!the!youth!and!children!involved!in!the!study!created!networks!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!41!!!
that!eventually!resulted!in!increased!literacy!among!the!study!groups.!The!study!was!faced!with!
constraints!some!of!which!are!budgetary!allocation,!material!for!use,!language!barrier!and!the!
distances!between!centers.!The!presenter!concluded!by!recommending!the!creation!of!similar!
models!that!support!learning!through!the!environment.!
!
8.4. Students'*perceived*challenges*in*an*online*collaborative*learning*environment:**A*case*of*
higher*learning*institutions*in*Nairobi,*Kenya*
Presenter(s):%Maina%Muuro,%Kenyatta%University,%Kenya%%This!paper!shed!light!on!the!obstacles!in!a!learning!environment!to!be!mainly!technological!
support,!infrastructure!and!the!type!of!support!that!may!be!required!by!a!student.!The!
frequently!used!tools!to!communicate!were!emails,!mobile!phone,!social!media!and!chats.!There!
were!problems!that!slowed!down!their!activities!including!slow!internet!connectivity.!Students!
who!used!social!media!were!found!to!have!higher!computer!skills.!The!presenter!recommended!
future!research!to!focus!on!developing!a!Moodle!that!could!respond!to!the!students’!queries.!!
!
8.5. Discussion*%Learner!support!in!eLearning:!Featuring!the!devil!in!the!detail!H!Bona%I.%Maandera,%The%Virtual%University%of%Uganda!%
i. What*is*the*institutional*capacity*of*technical*staff*at*the*virtual*university*of*Uganda*
to*effectively*provide*quality*support?*
! The%Virtual%University%of%Uganda%operates%fully%online,%Moodle%is%used%and%it%is%hosted%in%The%Netherlands.%Content%is%developed%by%lecturers%who%then%submit%it%to%be%uploaded.%
%Students'!perceived!challenges!in!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment:!!A!case!of!higher!
learning!institutions!in!Nairobi,!Kenya!H!Presenter(s):!Maina%Muuro,%Kenyatta!University,!Kenya!
!
!
i. The*study*reflected*the*use*of*mobile*communication.*How*does*this*work?*
! Mobile%communication%is%done%through%short%message%service%(SMS)%or%calling%since%most%students%have%mobile%phones.%The%study%envisages%a%situation%where%a%feedback%received%would%be%used%to%create%immediate%feedback%using%SMS.%The%students%also%provide%their%own%mobile%phones.%%
ii. Are*there*any*guiding*principles*in*the*use*of*this*kind*of*tools*in*open*and*distance*
learning?*
! There!is!no!definite!set!of!guidelines.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!42!!!
! %
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!43!!!
%
9. Session%6:%Instructional%Technology/Information%Systems%*
Chair:*Prof.%Emanuel%Nikolas%Abakah,!DVC!Academic,!University!of!Education!Winneba,!Ghana!
!
9.1. Optimization*of*learning*management*systems*through*systems*integration:*The*case*of*
moodle*and*zalongwa*software*
Presenter(s):%Dr.%Juma%Hemed%Lungo,%University%of%Dar9es9Salaam%!
Web!based!applications!addresses!hardware!and!software!homogeneity.!The!university!has!
been!using!SARIS!which!solves!3!main!problems;!
• Nominal!roll!manipulation!
• Arithmetic!and!grading!error!
• Transcribing!errors!are!solved!by!SARIS!
Over!78!%!of!universities!are!using!Moodle.!LMS!are!faced!with!a!lot!of!data!and!the!major!
challenges!are!creating!credentials!for!students!and!instructors,!registering!courses!and!
disposing!unnecessary!emails.!By!integrating!SARIS!and!MOODLE,!students!and!instructors!can!
use!same!credentials!and!can!handle!information!for!very!many!students.!Course!confirmation!
in!SARIS!should!be!reflected!in!Moodle!automatically.!SARIS!and!Moodle!are!both!web!based!
applications!
When!students!forget!their!credentials!like!password,!it’s!verified!in!the!SARIS!which!can!also!be!
integrated!with!Google.!It!also!helps!to!eliminates!the"just!for!my!students"!phobia!for!
instructors.!Other!students!can!access!these!learning!materials.!By!making!use!of!Google!apps,!
it’s!possible!to!register!all!students!and!assign!respective!courses!to!all!students.!
!
9.2. Mobile*computerBsupported*collaborative*learning*using*google*apps*for*education*within*
a*mLearning*strategy*
Presenter(s):%Alex%Rayón,%University%of%Deusto,%Spain%(Presented%by%Mariluz%Guenaga,%University%of%Deusto)%!
This!is!the!new!paradigm!and!lecturers!should!adopt!this!new!learning!technology!that!is!
different!and!effective.!The!learning!system!are!evolving,!competence!based,!knowledge!based,!
and!foster!entrepreneurship!and!innovation.!The!software's!developed!are!friendly!and!students!
are!engaged!in!collaborative!learning.!In!Deusto!he!mentioned!there!are!over!9000!students!and!
only!600!staff.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!44!!!
Students!are!helped!to!develop!the!content!and!all!European!universities!have!the!same!mode!
of!education!thus!making!it!easier!to!transfer!students!and!their!credit.!Knowledge!and!learning!
technologies!(KLT)!are!stressed!in!knowledge!based!learning.!He!noted!that!57%!in!EU!use!smart!
phones.!MHlearning!was!defined!as!a!learning!activity!that!takes!place!without!a!fixed!location.!
eHCampus!strategic!projects!make!use!of!computers,!smart!phones!and!iPads.!The!campus!uses!
Google!applications.!When!people!cooperate!in!a!given!environment,!it!stimulates!learning!and!
development.!It!is!eleven!years!ago!they!introduced!CSCL!and!the!university!has!since!found!the!
need!for!more!technologies!and!moodle!is!not!enough.!When!it!comes!to!competency!based!
learning,!there!are!competencies!needed!such!as!entrepreneurship!and!innovation.!
There!is!also!the!need!to!have!personal!gadgets.!This!will!also!encourage!social!learning!which!is!
needed!for!collaborative!learning!and!mobile!learning.!Everyone!should!adopt!some!content!to!
mobile!devices.!Mobile!computer!support!collaborative!learning!(MSCL)!integrates!google!apps!
with!mobile!devices.!Google!app!develops!all!products!and!can!be!found!in!Moodle,!these!
include:!
• Collaborative!services!
• Location!services!
• Notification!services!
These!Google!apps!are!free!for!all!education/learning!institutions!and!if!well!utilized!they!can!
make!learning!very!easy!because!everything!is!automatically!linked!to!Moodle.!He!noted!that!
the!use!of!Google!apps!is!higher!in!employees!than!students.!
In!conclusion,!sharing!documents!is!easier,!students!can!be!asked!and!ask!questions,!the!
applications!are!free!and!very!easy!to!use.!
!
!
9.3. TALKY.*A*serious*game*to*develop*and*assess*oral*and*interpersonal*communication*
competences+*
Presenter(s):%%Mariluz%Guenaga,%University%of%Deusto,%Spain%%This!is!a!competency!learning!technology!that!uses!computer!games.!The!games!are!very!
complex,!digital!and!are!used!for!learning.!The!games!are!oriented!to!ability!learning,!stimulate!
real!life!situations!and!the!content!pursues!specific!interests.!
There!are!three!levels!of!mastery!in!each!competence.!Each!game!has!activities!which!may!
include!virtual!meeting!and!a!riddle.!There!are!many!other!competences!oriented!to!develop!
and!evaluate!competences!for!professional!development.!
Findings!show!that!in!Deusto!business!school!the!students!are!lacking!in!creativity!and!
entrepreneurship.!The!Talky!games!can!help!develop!these!skills!because!they!are!real!situation!
games;!people!could!meet!online.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!45!!!
%!
9.4. Structuration*et*management*du*eBlearning*pour*mieux*gérer*les*sureffectifs*d’étudiants*à*
l’UCAD*(Structuring*and*Management*of*eBlearning*for*a*better*management*of*
student*overcrowding**at*Cheikh*Anta*Diop*University*(UCAD)*
Presenter(s):%Dr.%Ndiougou%Ndiaye,%%Université%Cheick%Anta%Diop,%Dakar,%Sénégal*!
He!noted!in!his!study!that!there!were!large!number!of!students,!no!premises!and!the!teachers!
were!not!enough.!By!making!use!of!ICT!they!were!able!to!teach!and!train!students.!Some!
centers!were!not!working!together!and!they!wanted!to!conduct!learning.!The!issue!of!donors!
having!a!different!objective!also!arose.!
The!donors!had!their!own!objectives,!making!it!very!unclear!on!the!direction!they!should!take.!
They!lacked!their!own!premises!yet!there!were!many!students.!This!forced!them!to!do!their!
training!in!the!primary!schools.!Lack!of!teachers!was!also!a!challenge.!
!
They!wanted!to!know!if!with!eHlearning!they!are!targeting!the!new!students!or!the!old!students.!
In!order!to!have!a!policy!on!eHlearning,!all!must!be!involved.!There!was!need!to!acquire!relevant!
skills!they!needed!to!learn!ICT.!If!classes!are!online!who!does!the!intellectual!property!rights!
belong!to?!As!we!share!resources!one!should!have!a!center!for!all!educational!materials.!With!
the!support!of!Ministry!of!Education,!there!is!need!for!tutorials!and!training!of!the!teachers.!
Which!tools!should!be!in!place!to!ensure!follow!up!of!students?!
They!wanted!to!know!if!by!introducing!eHlearning!they!were!taking!care!of!large!numbers!of!
students!in!the!universities!or!for!development!of!more!faculties.!He!noted!instead!it!was!for!a!
whole!new!group!of!students.!
!
%9.5. Discussion*!
Optimization!of!learning!management!systems!through!systems!integration:!The!case!of!moodle!
and!zalongwa!software!H!Dr.%Juma%Hemed%Lungo,!University!of!DarHesHSalaam!
i. What*is*the*name*of*the*software*used*to*collaborate*with*Moodle*in*Open*University*
of*Tanzania?*
! The%software%used%can%be%found%in%www.Zalongwa.com.%He%noted%that%21%universities%are%using%the%software%to%make%student%database.%
%TALKY.!A!serious!game!to!develop!and!assess!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!
competences+!H!Mariluz%Guenaga,!University!of!Deusto,!Spain!
ii. You*use*a*lot*of*Google*applications,*what*is*the*advantage*of*using*Google*applications?*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!46!!!
! Their%apps%are%more%interactive%and%have%a%powerful%mail%management%systems;%Gmail.%%
iii. Is*Talky*available*for*nonBSpanish*speakers?*
! Talky%is%available%both%in%English%and%French%%
iv. Did*you*look*at*how*Talky*interferes*with*the*integrity*and*ensure*no*cheating*especially*in*
exams*and*assignments?*
! There%is%a%software%used%to%look%into%the%issues%of%plagiarism%but%when%it%comes%to%cheating,%we%are%yet%to%be!address%it.%It%is%not%possible%to%tell%if%the%exam%was%undertaken%by%the%student%or%another%person.%%
v. What*competency*do*serious*games*develop?*
! All%competences%have%activities%and%these%activities%can%be%designed%to%assist%in%developing%a%certain%competency.!
% %
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!47!!!
!
10. Day%1:%Summaries%from%the%Chairs%!
Session+1:++Infrastructure+&+Capacity+
Chair:*Prof.%Makenya%Maboko,!Deputy!Vice!Chancellor!Academic,!University!of!Dar!es!Salaam!
+10.1. The*role*of*photovoltaic*powered*ICT*centres*on*ODL*programmes*in*rural*areas*in*
Tanzania**
*
This!paper!argued!for!the!establishment!of!photovoltaic!(solar)!powered!ICT!centers!in!rural!
Tanzania!to!increase!access!to!higher!education.!The!main!thrust!of!the!paper!was!that!a!
majority!of!Tanzanians!as!in!most!African!countries!live!in!rural!areas.!Most!higher!education!
institutions!however,!are!concentrated!in!urban!areas,!and!this!is!one!reason!for!the!low!
participation!rates!in!higher!education!in!Tanzania.!The!authors!proposed!that!ODeL!is!one!
solution!to!this!imbalance!between!where!the!population!resides!and!where!the!higher!
education!institutions!are!located.!However,!they!also!noted!that!the!rural!areas!which!actually!
need!ODeL!are!mostly!not!connected!to!the!national!electricity!grid!and!this!makes!difficult!the!
use!of!ICT!in!ODeL.!They!argued!that!there!are!several!possible!power!sources,!for!example!you!
could!use!petrol!or!diesel!generators!to!power!your!ICT!facilities,!but!they!say!these!need!
regular!maintenance!and!are!expensive!to!run.!Alternatively,!and!which!was!their!preferred!
solution,!was!to!use!a!photovoltaic!or!solar!energy,!whereby!they!proposed!to!establish!
photovoltaic!powered!ICT!centres!at!each!ward,!which!is!a!collection!of!villages,!where!there!is!
established!need!for!ODeL!services.!The!solution!they!proposed!is!constructing!buildings!which!
are!roofed!with!solar!panels!which!are!capable!of!powering!up!to!40!laptops!into!which!
eLearning!material!will!be!loaded.!!
!
They!argued!that!the!impact!of!solar!powered!ICT!centers!will!include:!access!to!university!
website!(announcements,!updates,!exams!timetable,!emails,!etc),!information!reducing!the!
need!to!travel!to!the!center;!access!to!admission!information!and!procedures;!access!to!online!
course!registration!and!examination!registration;!access!to!Higher!Education!Loan!Board!
Information!(and!application);!access!to!electronics!study!materials,!ebooks,!online!forums!and!
interact!with!tutors;!access!to!examination!results!
*
The!idea!of!how!to!finance!this!was!that!government!should!contribute,!there!should!also!be!
joint!projects!between!the!villages!or!the!wards!and!donor!companies,!but!they!could!also!take!
loans!from!local!savings!and!credit!organizations.!!*
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!48!!!
The!paper!really!was!at!the!concept!level!and!they!argued!that!they!have!not!piloted!it.!What!
they!are!going!to!do!next!is!seek!funds!to!pilot!such!an!ICT!centre!and!from!that!those!questions!
like!viability,!the!type!of!human!resource!required!and!so!forth!will!be!established.!!
*
Takeaways*
• Lack!of!electricity!in!rural!areas!is!a!major!challenge!to!the!use!of!ICT!in!attempting!to!
overcome!old!modes!of!ODeL!delivery.!
• ICT!Photovoltaic!powered!centres!can!bridge!the!digital!gap!between!rural!and!urban!
areas!in!provision!of!ODeL.!!!!!!!!!
!
!
10.2. Strengthening*institutional*capacity*for*effective*eBlearning*through*partnership:*An*illustration*from*public*sector*management*training**
%This!paper!presented!a!partnership!strategy!to!leverage!eHlearning!and!help!strengthen!
institutional!capacity!to!deliver!education!and!training!programs.!It!argued!that!Africa!has!great!
potential!in!terms!of!abundant!natural!resources,!a!large!and!youthful!population,!and!a!fast!
growing!economy.!The!main!problem!was!how!to!turn!these!apparent!great!potentials!into!
actual!socioHeconomic!development!for!the!people.!The!argument!was!that!the!key!to!doing!
this,!the!magic!bullet!to!this,!is!education.!However,!they!noted!that!in!most!African!countries,!
there!is!serious!underfunding!of!universities!to!the!extent!that!traditional!delivery!modes!in!
universities!cannot!cope!with!the!demand.!Hence!again!like!the!first!presenters,!they!argued!for!
the!need!to!leverage!ICT!to!complement!traditional!delivery!methods.!The!African!Capacity!
Building!Foundation!(ACBF)!comes!in!to!support!institutions,!among!other!things,!to!refurbish!
infrastructure,!including!supporting!the!ICT!environment!which!will!then!allow!ICT!mediated!
teaching!and!learning.!In!particular!the!authors!discussed!the!partnership!between!African!
University!of!Mutaare!and!the!ACBF!in!supporting!the!public!sector!management!training!
program!of!the!university!through!a!provision!of!eLearning!facilities!in!the!form!of!a!model!
learning!management!system,!smart!classrooms,!eResources!and!so!forth.!They!pointed!out!that!
the!ACBF!is!a!very!strong!partner!which!has!given!assistance!to!a!relatively!large!number!of!
universities!in!Africa.*!
*
Takeaways**
• Donor!agencies!and!institutions!of!higher!learning!can!collaborate!to!strengthen!and!
enhance!eHlearning.!
• Partnership!model!is!an!effective!tool!to!expand!and!strengthen!eHlearning!institutions!
of!higher!learning.!
*
*
%
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!49!!!
10.3. Effective*implementation*of*technology*innovations*in*higher*education*institutions:*A*
survey*of*selected*African*universities**
*
The!main!argument!of!this!paper!is!that!although!a!number!of!African!universities!have!
deployed!technology,!particularly!in!teaching!and!learning,!there!is!high!failure!rate!in!
implementing!this!technology.!The!paper!discussed!the!main!issues!responsible!for!this!failure!
and!proposed!means!and!ways!of!trying!to!reduce!the!high!failure!rate.!The!argument!presented!
was!that!the!high!failure!rate!in!most!of!the!technological!innovations!is!due!to!poor!innovation!
framing,!accounting!for!up!to!70%!of!the!failure!rate.!By!poor!innovation!framing!the!authors!
mean!that!the!way!the!programs!were!conceived!and!developed,!the!users!actually!never!
owned!the!projects!and!the!implementers!were!not!involved!in!the!actual!project!formulation!
stage.!There!is!an!existence!of!what!they!refer!to!as!a!“silo!mentality”!whereby!the!ICT!mediated!
programs,!ICT!experts!and!the!subject!experts!tend!not!to!work!as!a!team.!The!main!conclusion!
is!that!there!is!poor!capacity!to!absorb!technology!in!most!African!universities!and!there!is!need!
to!frame!properly!these!innovations.!There!is!need!to!develop!absorptive!capacities!and!engage!
in!technology!transfer.!!
! !
The!chair!noted!that!the!points!raised!were!very!serious,!particularly!in!the!context!of!what!we!
are!trying!to!do!here.!As!AVU!the!main!mission!is!to!popularize!technology,!ICT,!to!help!us!in!the!
delivery!of!education.!Now,!if!70%!of!all!these!initiatives!end!up!failing,!I!think!that!is!a!serious!
situation.!*
!
Takeaways*
• Implementation!of!innovation!technologies!is!significantly!influenced!by!several!factors!
such!as!top!management,!financial!motivation,!organizational!culture,!project!leadership!
and!innovation!efficacy.!!
• Effective!implementation!of!technologies!adopted!in!higher!education!institutions!is!
greatly!constrained!by!innovation!adopting!culture,!ignorance!on!technology!transfer,!
lack!of!proper!framing!of!technology!innovation!and!lack!of!institutional!adoptive!
capacity!to!technology.!
!
!
%Session+2:++Open+Educational+Resources+(OER)+Integration+
Chair:**Prof%Aggrey%Abate,!Vice%Chancellor,%University!of!Juba,*South!Sudan!!
10.4. By*means*of*OER*integration:*An*analysis*of*tutors’*and*learners’*views*of*OER*as*an*ODL*
strategy*for*teaching*and*learning*
Presenter(s):%Ezra%Maritim,%Jacqueline%L.%Bundala,%Winfrida%Malingumu,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!50!!!
The!objective!of!the!study!was!to!identify!the!level!of!use!of!OER!by!students!and!lecturers.!
Overall,!the!findings!on!student!sample!show:!awareness!and!usage!of!OER!materials!is!low,!
most!students!(57%)!were!hearing!of!OER!for!the!first!time!during!this!survey,!43%!heard!of!OER!
during!orientation.!The!usage!seems!to!be!constrained!by!OER!accessibility,!perception!of!low!
OER!benefits!to!their!learning!and!their!ability!to!use!computers!to!access!OER.!From!the!tutors’!
sample!their!reported!level!of!utility!and!impact!of!OER!was!as!follows:!making!reference!in!
study!modules!is!high,!publishing!materials!as!OER!is!low,!satisfying!local!content!is!high.!The!use!
of!AVU,!TESSA,!MIT!OER!is!high.!Improving!academic!status!is!high.!Cost!reduction!and!cost!
containment!is!high.!
!
The!paper!emphasized!the!alternative!of!OER!as!a!solution!to!traditional!methods.!This!will!
counter!the!challenges!to!the!traditional!ways!of!teaching!and!help!address!the!low!
participation!rates!in!higher!education.!OER!provides!education!at!reduced!costs,!and!while!
there!are!challenges!in!the!use!of!OER,!there!is!need!to!find!ways!to!share!these!resources!
because!the!resources!are!quite!many!in!the!repository.!!
!
The!paper!also!looked!at!opportunities!for!supporting!initiatives!like!OER.!They!authors!noted!
that!SADC!(Southern!Africa!Development!Community)!supports!OER!and!encourages!the!
promotion!of!its!use.!The!idea!of!open!access!will!reward!the!students!as!the!greatest!
beneficiaries.!This!is!in!tandem!with!SADC!policy!that!seeks!to!enable!students!to!move!across!
institutions!in!the!region!and!to!ensure!mobility!does!not!constrain!learning.!SADC!plays!a!
critical!role!as!a!regional!block!helpful!in!the!realization!of!OER.!
!
Takeaways*
• OER!is!an!alternative!to!traditional!learning!and!teaching!methods.!
• Learners’!lack!of!awareness!of!the!existence!and!value!of!OERs!and!their!limited!access!
to!the!same!is!due!to!failure!of!tutors!to!adopt!the!use!of!OERs!in!the!process!of!
developing!their!course!materials!and!modules.!
!
*
*
10.5. Challenges*and*instructors’*intention*to*adopt*and*use*open*educational*resources*in*higher*education*in*Tanzania*
Presenter(s):%Joel%S.%Mtebe,%University%of%Dar%es%Salaam,%Tanzania%%%%*
This!paper!brought!to!the!fore!the!fact!that!resources!used!in!traditional!methods!are!expensive,!
inadequate!and!outdated.!It!was!noted!however,!that!the!use!of!OER!in!Tanzania!was!still!in!its!
very!early!stages!with!a!paltry!2%!in!subHSaharan!Africa.!Other!factors!that!pose!challenges!to!
utilization!of!OERs!include!internet!availability!and!access,!and!enabling!policy!guidelines.!!The!
utilization!of!OERs!needs!to!be!developed,!but!that!is!an!issue!that!will!be!determined!by!
internet!access!and!policy!issues!which!currently!limit!the!use.!It!was!noted!that,!people!are!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!51!!!
willing!to!share!resources!via!the!internet!if!they!can!access!it.!The!benefits!of!OER!are!well!
documented!so!what!is!needed!is!to!attract!more!users!because!currently!very!few!people!are!
using!OER!materials.!!
!
Takeaways*
• Instructors’!intention!to!use!OER!is!significantly!affected!by!effort!expectancy.!!
• Performance!expectancy,!facilitating!conditions,!and!social!influence!do!not!have!
significant!effect!on!instructors’!intention!to!use!OER.!
*
*
10.6. Students’*awareness*and*their*use*of*African*virtual*open*courseware:*A*case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*
!
The!main!aim!of!the!study!was!to!assess!students’!awareness!and!their!usage!of!OER@AVU!
courseware.!!Results!of!the!study!postulated!that!awareness!decreased!with!age!but!gender!did!
not!affect!the!degree!of!awareness!since!it!cut!across!board.!A!majority!of!the!students!
acknowledged!the!benefits!of!the!OER!material!but!did!not!want!to!spend!a!lot!of!time!there!
since!the!content!available!did!not!help!them!pass!examinations.!Some!were!not!impressed!by!
use!of!multiple!questions!as!they!considered!this!a!model!used!in!lower!levels!of!learning.!!
Nonetheless,!there!were!generally!positive!feelings!towards!the!material.!The!authors!pointed!
out!implications!for!practice!to!include:!awareness!and!sensitization!campaigns!to!make!
practical!uses!/benefits!of!AVU!courseware!known!to!lecturers!and!students;!learning!needs!
should!be!assessed!habitually!to!cope!with!the!changing!world;!AVU!courseware!needs!to!be!
revisited!in!relation!to!curriculum/syllabus!of!participating!universities!to!improve!relevance!and!
compatibility;!there!is!need!to!improve!feedback/interaction!system!among!students,!and!their!
instructors!as!well!as!policy!makers.!!
*
Takeaway!
• Most!Open!University!of!Tanzania!(OUT)!students!are!not!using!OER@AVU!!platform!
because!they!are!not!aware!of!the!AVU!link!at!the!OUT!website!and!the!existence!of!
AVU!courseware.!!
• A!majority!of!the!students!acknowledged!the!benefits!of!the!OER!material!but!did!not!
want!to!spend!a!lot!of!time!there!since!the!content!available!did!not!help!them!pass!
examinations!
*
*
10.7. Perception*of*executive*board*members*of*African*Council*for*Distance*Education*on*
integration*of*open*educational*resources*in*distance*higher*education*institutions*in*
Africa*
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!52!!!
The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!find!out!the!perception!of!Executive!Board!members!ofAfrican!
Council!for!Distance!Education!(who!are!mainly!selected!vice!chancellors)!on!the!integration!of!
open!educational!resources!in!distance!education.!
This!study!sought!to!interrogate!the!knowledge!level,!the!respondents!perception,!the!staff!
preparedness!to!access!OER,!the!relevance,!the!impact,!as!well!as!the!means!of!procurement!
among!the!decision!making!organs!of!institutions!of!higher!learning.!It!focused!on!Vice!
Chancellors!in!various!institutions!who!were!members!of!the!African!Council!for!Distance!
Education.!It!currently!had!43!members,!a!number!of!associate!members!and!273!individual!
members.!The!members!who!were!interviewed!represented!the!center!of!decision!making!in!
institutions!of!higher!learning.!
The!findings!of!the!study!indicated!the!VCs!did!not!understand!OER!resources!and!had!little!
interest.!This!was!also!replicated!among!members!of!staff!who!also!showed!little!or!no!interest.!!
The!study!revealed!that!some!of!the!challenges!of!integrating!OER!in!distance!learning!revolves!
around!lack!of!awareness;!staff!thought!of!collaborative!authorship!as!a!waste!of!time,!instead,!
that!they!could!write!something!from!which!they!would!earn!more!points!for!promotion!
purposes;!most!ODL!institutions!face!the!challenge!of!gaining!access!to!computers!while!some!
face!challenge!of!irregular!internet;!also!a!factor!was!the!financial!and!technical!resources!
needed!to!integrate!OER.!The!study!therefore!recommended!the!general!lack!of!awareness!be!
countered!through!a!series!of!sensitization!meetings!with!the!aim!of!increasing!awareness.!
%Takeaways*
• The!level!of!ViceHchancellors’!and!members!of!staff!appreciation!of!OERs!is!low.!
• There!is!need!to!organize!OER!sensitization!for!students!and!lecturers.!
• Institutions!need!to!formulate!and!implement!policies!that!encourage!sharing!of!OERs.!
• The!quality!of!teaching!and!learning!in!ODeL!institutions!in!Africa!can!be!improved!
through!integration!of!OERs.!!
!
+
Session+3:+Distance+Learning+&+ICTs+
Chair:*Amadou%Boureima,!DVC!Academic,!Université!Abdou!Moumouni!de!Niamey,!Niger!
%*
10.8. Student*perception*of*open*and*distance*learning*mode*for*initial*primary*teacher*
training*in*Malawi:*A*case*of*Lilongwe*Teachers*College*
!
The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!assess!the!students’!perceptions!of!open!and!distance!learning!
as!a!mode!of!training!primary!school!teachers!in!Malawi.!The!authors!note!that!traditional!
teaching!in!Malawi!in!the!1990s!resulted!in!reduced!access!to!education,!and!from!2005!it!was!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!53!!!
apparent!that!there!was!need!to!integrate!open!and!distance!learning.!The!method!used!was!
essentially!based!on!a!field!survey!through!individual!questionnaires!and!focus!groups.!Three!
groups!of!learners!comprising!of!about!1000!individuals!formed!the!basis!of!this!research.!The!
results!suggest!that!students!perceived!ODL!as!a!useful!mode!for!training!primary!school!
teachers.!College!based!training!was!rated!better!and!more!useful!than!field!based!components!
of!the!ODL!by!the!students.!However,!ODL!was!characterized!by!a!number!of!challenges!such!as!
delays!in!payments!of!students’!allowances;!delays!in!distribution!of!study!materials;!inadequate!
time!for!face!to!face!training,!inadequate!professional!support!in!the!field;!and!shortage!of!
staffing!in!schools!leading!to!students!having!too!much!teaching!loads.!Despite!the!delays!
according!to!the!students!perception,!the!financial!support!given!was!very!much!lauded.!The!
field!experience,!particularly!practical!training!in!ICT,!solved!the!problem!of!lack!of!supervisors.!
!
From!this!research!two!major!points!stand!out!in!this!debate.!The!first!major!point!is!that!open!
and!distance!learning!in!the!Malawian!context!presents!relative!advantages!over!traditional!
teaching,!particularly!in!the!contexts!of!access,!teaching!methods!used,!and!enhanced!training!
of!human!capital.!The!second!major!point!is!that!open!and!distance!learning!always!presents!
some!challenges!that!need!to!be!overcome,!particularly!in!terms!of!quality.!The!authors!aptly!
emphasized!that!this!research!did!not!specifically!address!the!issue!of!quality!(it!is!important!to!
take!this!into!account)!and!the!implications!of!establishing!this!type!of!teaching!by!the!public!
authorities.!!
!
Takeaways*
• In!Malawi!ODeL!presents!relative!advantages!over!traditional!teaching!in!the!contexts!of!
access,!teaching!methods!used,!and!enhanced!training!of!human!capital.!
• One!of!the!most!prevalent!challenges!in!ODeL!that!needs!to!be!overcome!is!quality.!
!
!
10.9. Preparedness*for*digital*learning*of*ODL*students*in*Africa:*Case*of*the*Open*University*of*Tanzania*
%!
The!objective!of!this!study!was!to!find!out!how!prepared!learners!are!in!using!digital!delivery!
and!their!general!perception!of!digitally!delivered!knowledge.!Questionnaires!were!distributed!
randomly!and!some!of!the!information!solicited!included!gender,!use!of!official!mail,!computer!
literacy!and!ownership!of!ICT!equipment.!!!Open!University!of!Tanzania!(OUT)!was!established!in!
1992!as!a!public!ODL!tertiary!institution.!The!transition!to!digital!content!has!become!an!
imperative!need!for!them.!This!transition!is!accompanied!by!a!number!of!factors,!some!of!which!
including!the!establishment!of!networks,!the!availability!of!power!grids,!funding!and!the!
development!of!local!content.!Some!of!the!challenges!of!the!print!media!which!have!since!been!
solved!by!the!adoption!of!ODL!has!increased!cost!of!production,!distribution!and!storage.!OUT!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!54!!!
has!a!website,!a!mail!server,!WiHFi!services!and!student!records!management!system!(SARIS);!
registration!of!exams!is!also!automated!and!they!have!digitized!all!learning!materials;!generally!
the!move!to!go!digital!is!well!appreciated!and!the!students!are!ready.!The!main!question!posed!
by!this!research!is!how!one!prepares!this!type!of!training,!particularly!digital!learning.!!
Quantitative!and!qualitative!research!has!shown!the!capacity!and!level!of!use!of!ICT.!Web!visits!
underscore!the!general!perception!on!the!importance!of!adopting!digital!learning.!Three!major!
points!were!noted!in!the!presentation:!(i)!the!constraints!in!digital!learning!are!generally!
connected!to!the!environment,!particularly!lack!of!computers,!the!weaknesses!in!network!
connection,!inappropriate!content!etc.!(ii)!the!relative!weaknesses!of!access!to!ICT!services!and!
(iii)!the!need!and!desire!to!transform!the!environment!of!accessing!information!using!simple!
means.!!
!
Takeaways*
• The!use!of!ICT!has!led!to!better!exam!administration!and!financial!administration!oat!
the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!
• Use!of!ICT!has!also!led!to!improved!completion!rates!and!growing!interest!in!ODeL!
among!young!school!leavers.!
!
10.10. The*potential*of*VLE*in*providing*access*to*quality*education*in*rural*community*
schools*–*myth*or*reality*
!
This!study!examined!the!use!of!virtual!learning!environment!(VLE)!to!support!teaching!and!
learning!in!rural!communities!in!Ghana!by!exploring!a!more!efficient!and!sustainable!means!of!
access!to!information!and!communication!technology!for!rural!communities.!The!study!was!
essentially!based!on!participative!research,!with!the!objective!of!exploring!access!to!ICT!in!the!
rural!set!up,!the!VLE!method,!and!the!transmission!of!online!content.!The!VLE!method!is!a!
flexible!mode!of!learning!or!selfHlearning;!the!idea!is!to!combine!learning!and!technology!so!as!
to!achieve!good!results.!The!results!indicated!that!the!technologyHmediated!delivery!of!teaching!
and!learning!raised!learners’!motivation,!increased!eHliteracy!level!and!ICT!awareness!of!
participants!but!also!revealed!challenges!that!need!both!public!and!private!support!if!the!project!
is!to!be!sustained!and!for!learners!to!derive!full!benefit!of!the!initiative.!
*
Takeaways!
• Virtual!learning!environment!raises!learners’!motivation,!increases!their!eHliteracy!level!
and!ICT!awareness.!
• Need!for!both!private!and!public!support!in!overcoming!challenges!to!virtual!learning.!
%
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!55!!!
Session+4:+Science+Education+&+ICTs+
Chair:*Maxime%DACRUZ,!DVC!Academic,!Université!d'Abomey!Calavi,!Benin!
!
*
10.11. Intégration*des*TIC***dans*l’enseignement*des*sciences*physiques*du*secondaire*:*
Formations*en*présentiel*et*en*ligne*dans*quatreBvingt*lycées*de*Madagascar,*des*
Comores,**du*Sénégalet*de*l’Ile*Maurice*[Integrating!ICTs!in!Physics!Teaching!:!OnKSite!and!Distance!Training!in!Forty!HighKSchools!of!Madagascar,!the!Comoros,!Senegal!and!Mauritius].*
!
As!the!title!suggests!this!research!involved!four!countries!of!which!three!are!from!the!Indian!
Ocean!region!and!one!from!West!Africa,!specifically!Senegal.!This!research!involved!80!
secondary!schools!in!these!countries!in!which!270!teachers!took!part.!Overall!the!objective!was!
to!improve!the!quality!of!education!through!the!use!of!ICT.!Inevitably!from!this!there!was!the!
idea!of!developing!ICT!to!repackage!teaching!methods.!All!this!was!supposed!to!be!done!
through!trainings!of!teachers!in!the!use!of!ICT.!At!this!level!there!was!both!internal!and!external!
expertise!for!validation.!The!overall!result!was!that!these!270!teachers!from!80!schools!were!
sensitized!in!the!use!of!ICT.!It!was!noted!that!that!there!was!an!improvement!in!the!quality!of!
teaching!and!the!results!obtained!were!better.!A!series!of!supports!like!CDs,!films!etc.!were!
produced,!tutorial!material!were!made.!The!mastery!of!ICT!was!also!noted.!Student!results!also!
improved!as!they!scored!higher.!!
!
Takeaways*
• Integration!of!ICT!can!lead!to!improved!quality!of!teaching!and!learning!outcomes!in!
science!education.!
!
*
10.12. Enhancing*access*to*open*science*education*by*integrating*ICTBvirtual*labs*and*microB
science*kits*in*Kenya*
%The!presenter!first!gave!some!background!information!on!the!topic.!He!outlined!the!state!of!
science!education!in!Kenya,!its!objectives,!interventions!and!impact.!In!terms!of!objectives!of!
science!education!he!noted!the!need!to!remove!the!obstacles!in!order!to!improve!the!quality!of!
science!teaching.!Performance!in!the!science!was!fairly!weak.!He!noted!that!there!was!lack!of!
motivation!among!teachers!as!well!as!in!the!students!in!science!education.!Trends!in!science!
education!are!moving!from!traditional!macro!equipment!in!laboratories!to!micro!equipment!
with!use!of!smaller!apparatus.!The!next!step!is!virtual!labs!with!use!of!technology!for!virtual!
experiments.!!
!
There!is!sort!of!a!reenactment!of!the!concept!of!laboratory!through!this!project.!Components!of!
micro!science!kits!were!developed!in!South!Africa!and!students!do!not!require!laboratories!to!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!56!!!
perform!experiments,!instead!experiments!will!move!to!classrooms!for!convenience!of!students!
with!virtual!experiments!being!conducted!on!computers.!Four!sample!schools!were!selected!the!
first!school!was!provided!the!micro!science!kits,!the!second!school!was!engaged!in!virtual!
experiments!and!the!third!school!integrated!both!methods!while!the!control!sample!had!no!
micro!kits!or!virtual!labs.!The!results!indicate!that!there!was!active!learning!among!students!H!
students!were!involved;!enriched!science!learning!environment;!improved!performance!in!skills!
development;!all!schools!had!comparable!results!and!there!was!improvement!in!overall!
performance.!
*
Take*Aways*
• MicroHscience!kits!offer!low!initial!and!running!cost!and!are!easy!and!quick!to!set!up!
• They!offer!high!safety!since!quantity!of!materials!small!hence!risk!of!contamination!
reduced;!and!!low!environmental!impact!because!there!is!reduced!use!of!chemicals;!!
• They!are!sustainable!and!easily!applicable;!hence!science!education!can!be!achieved!by!
all.!!!
!
!
10.13. Conception*et*suiviBévaluation*de*cours*de*formation*à*distance*en*biologie*et*
éducation*environnementale:*Vers*un*modèle*harmonisé**
(Design,*monitoring*and*evaluation*of*distance*learning*in*biology*and*environmental*
education:*toward*a*harmonized*model)*
%The!Ministry!of!Education!in!Senegal!was!forced!to!do!away!with!untrained!teachers!hence!the!
training!project!was!developed!for!13!000!teachers!in!ODeL!learning.!There!was!a!problem!with!
teacher!training!in!the!beginning.!There!was!a!lot!of!resistance!or!opposition!in!relation!to!
eLearning.!This!resistance!was!particularly!due!to!the!fact!that!some!of!the!teachers!were!not!
used!to!producing!teaching!aids!to!complement!their!teaching.!Therefore,!it!was!necessary!to!
have!in!place!a!series!of!measures!aimed!at!sensitizing!them.!The!objective!of!the!program!was!
the!development!of!a!harmonized!model!for!evaluation!and!tools!to!transform!classroom!
lessons!to!online!lessons.!The!requirement!was!that!objectives!must!be!well!defined!by!the!
department!involved!in!the!project.!There!are!23!concepts!that!were!identified!in!a!process!
referred!to!as!'scenerisation.'!Information!from!different!institutions!was!analyzed!and!11!
aspects!were!derived!from!the!analysis.!The!presentation!outlined!the!setting!up!of!a!technoH
pedagogical,!educational,!organizational,!and!adult!education!conceptual!framework!order.!
There!were!three!important!results!noted:!identification!of!a!conceptual!framework;!a!proposed!
synthetic!model!of!designing!and!drafting!online!courses;!tools!of!comparing!and!evaluating!
online!courses.!
Recommendations!included!the!need!for!harmonization!of!monitoring!and!evaluation;!!there!is!
need!to!meet!the!demand!for!eLearning!and!the!tool!can!be!beneficial!to!all!27!partners!of!AVU;!
many!teachers!are!not!trained!in!eLearning!and!have!to!be!persuaded!on!the!importance!of!
eLearning!and!appropriate!measures!are!needed!at!all!stages!of!development.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!57!!!
!
Takeaways*
• It!is!important!to!persuade!teachers!on!the!benefits!and!!significance!of!eLearning.!
• AVU!Partner!Institutions!should!consider!a!harmonized!organizational!model!of!
scripting,!assessment!grid!and!a!conceptual!framework!for!Monitoring!and!Evaluation.!
+
+
Session+5:+eLearning+&+Instructional+Design+
Chair:*Dr.%Taye%Tolemariam%Ejeta,!VP!Academics,!Research!&!Student!Affairs,!Jimma!University,!
Ethiopia!
!
10.14. Learner*support*in*eLearning:*Featuring*the*devil*in*the*detail*!
This!paper!focused!on!problems!of!learner!support.!eLearning!is!considered!as!a!wonderful!idea,!
but!when!it!comes!to!supporting!the!learning,!there!is!little!support!given!to!students!or!users.!
The!study!targeted!working!professionals!at!postgraduate!levels,!MSc!and!PhD!and!it!was!
expected!that!familiarity!with!the!use!of!the!computer!and!internet!use!was!high.!It!was!
established!that!learners!required!different!types!of!support!while!using!eLearning.!This!could!
either!be!ICT!literary!support,!technology!or!system.!!They!also!need!some!pedagogical!supports!
and!preHemptive!supports!like!induction!which!are!very!important!in!the!utilization!of!the!
system.!So!the!support!should!be!by!both!the!academic!and!supportive!staff!in!the!system,!
including!the!ICT!people.!!The!paper!recommended!timeliness!of!support!and!efficacy!of!access!
as!means!that!will!provide!the!much!needed!support!in!the!use!of!eLearning.!
!
Takeaway*
• Learners!need!different!types!of!supports!in!an!elearning!system!including!pedagogical,!
preHemptive!supports!like!induction!as!well!as!technical!support.!!!
!
10.15. Exploring*modes*of*education*delivery*in*the*digital*age*
!
This!paper!generally!summarized!that!the!mode!of!delivery!is!moving!gradually!from!campus!
based!fully!offline!towards!the!hybrid!and!blended!system!and!finally!to!the!remote!or!fully!
online!techniques.!!It!laid!emphasis!on!the!need!for!educational!technology!staff!to!explore!the!
modes!that!are!currently!in!use!if!they!are!to!respond!to!the!trends!in!the!market.!The!layers!
should!be!institutional!strategy!where!the!size!and!shape!is!influenced!by!online!or!blended!or!
face!to!face!techniques.!And!then!move!to!program!design,!curriculum!design,!learning!design!
and!academic!staff!professional!development!which!should!be!ready!for!utilizing!the!eLearning!
techniques.!The!students’!digital!literacies!are!also!important!and!the!students!and!the!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!58!!!
academic!support!staff!should!be!also!ready!to!enhance!the!eLearning!techniques!as!access!to!
devices!and!supports!are!also!essential!and!networking!like!the!wireless!system!are!also!
important.!The!physical!infrastructures!need!to!be!in!place.!!A!wide!variety!of!modes!such!as!
web!supported,!web!dependent,!fully!online,!internet!dependent,!internet!supported,!digital!
supported,!fully!offline,!campus!based!hybrid!or!blended!and!remote!would!redefine!the!
eLearning!experience.!As!a!choice!is!made,!the!core!value!to!the!material!to!be!delivered!should!
define!the!means.!
!
Takeaways*
• Modes!of!education!delivery!are!gradually!evolving!from!campus!based!face!to!face!
deliveries!towards!fully!remote!online!systems.!!
• Educational!technology!staff!need!to!explore!the!modes!that!are!currently!in!use!in!
order!to!be!able!to!respond!to!the!emerging!trends!in!the!market.!
!
!
10.16. 7BConception:*conception*pour*divers*scénarios*d'enseignement*et*d'apprentissage*:*
l'autoBapprentissage,*l'apprentissage*centré*sur*l'apprenant,*l'apprentissage*basé*sur*
la*collaboration*
*
The!main!objective!of!this!study!was!to!promote!environmental!study!through!the!use!of!ICT.!!
The!objective!of!this!paper!was!to!promote!environmental!study!using!an!eLearning!technique.!
It!indicated!that!for!a!lot!of!teaching!and!learning!techniques,!especially!the!online!techniques,!it!!
used!two!institutions’!techniques,!(UNICEF!and!NASA)!techniques.!!They!used!a!global!program!
supported!by!NASA.!Data!was!collected,!analyzed,!interpreted!and!given!to!the!students.!This!is!
communicated!to!the!students!using!different!techniques.!The!use!of!social!media!among!the!
youth!and!children!involved!in!the!study!created!networks!that!eventually!resulted!in!increased!
literacy!among!the!study!groups.!The!study!was!faced!with!constraints!some!of!which!are!
budgetary!allocation,!material!for!use,!language!barrier!and!the!distances!between!centers.!The!
presenter!concluded!by!recommending!the!creation!of!similar!models!that!support!learning!
through!the!environment.!There!are!strategies!to!use!for!supporting!studentHcentered!learning!
and!teaching!techniques;!collaborative!teaching!and!learning!as!well!as!webHbased!techniques!
are!encouraged.!!
*
Takeaways*
*
• ICT!webHbased!techniques!can!be!used!to!promote!studentHcentered!collaborative!
teaching!and!learning!in!environmental!education.!
• The!use!of!social!media!among!the!youth!and!children!(informally)!can!lead!to!increased!
literacy.!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!59!!!
!
10.17. Students'*perceived*challenges*in*an*online*collaborative*learning*environment:**A*case*
of*higher*learning*institutions*in*Nairobi,*Kenya*
%%The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!investigate!the!components!of!online!collaborative!learning!
which!learners!perceive!as!challenging!hence,!hindering!the!effective!collaboration!process!in!
their!online!group!activities.!This!paper!shed!light!on!the!obstacles!in!a!learning!environment!to!
be!mainly!technological!support,!infrastructure!and!the!type!of!support!that!may!be!required!by!
a!student.!!The!paper!indicated!the!popularity!of!various!collaborative!techniques!like!that!of!
email,!SMS,!telephone,!chat!and!social!media,!but!the!students!were!not!in!a!position!to!utilize!
some!other!techniques!like!the!workshops!and!forums.!There!were!problems!that!slowed!down!
their!activities!including!slow!internet!connectivity.!The!challenges!the!students!faced!were!lack!
of!participation!or!peer!participation!and!some!are!not!interested!in!many!other!modes!of!
collaborative!learning.!Students!who!used!social!media!were!found!to!have!higher!computer!
skills.!The!presenter!recommended!future!research!to!focus!on!developing!an!intelligent!Moodle!
that!that!can!support!the!students!and!at!the!same!time!develop!a!feedback!mechanism!that!
could!respond!to!the!students’!queries!because!one!of!the!problems!identified!is!lack!of!
feedback!from!the!instructors!during!teaching!and!learning.!
%Takeaways*
Students'!perceived!challenges!in!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment!are:!
• lack!of!feedback!from!instructors!
• lack!of!feedback/!criticism!on!posted!ideas!from!peers!
• slow!internet!connectivity!
!
+
Session+6:+Instructional+Technology/Information+Systems+
Chair:*Prof.%Emanuel%Nikolas%Abakah,!DVC!Academic,!University!of!Education!Winneba,!Ghana!
!
!
10.18. Optimization*of*learning*management*systems*through*systems*integration:*The*case*
of*moodle*and*zalongwa*software*
!
The!presenter!was!of!the!view!that!there!was!the!need!to!integrate!softwares!that!were!
friendlier!into!the!learning!system.!His!research!focused!on!the!challenges!that!they!meet!while!
teaching!students.!He!mentioned!three!different!challenges!that!they!meet!whilst!teaching!
students,!thus:!(i)!creating!credentials!for!students!and!instructors!(ii)!registering!student!
courses!and!(iii)!managing!the!email!systems!of!the!students!whenever!they!used!the!online!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!60!!!
system.!Thus!to!make!it!easier,!he!felt!that!there!was!a!need!to!create!a!new!system.!He!
described!this!system!as!the!web!service!technologies!that!allowed!for!sharing!of!information!
without!human!intervention.!!
!
He!indicated!that!Moodle!which!was!an!open!source!software!or!learning!platform!could!be!
integrated!with!the!system,!the!GHapps!or!the!Google!apps,!so!as!to!make!the!system!much!
more!userHfriendly.!He!said!with!integrated!software,!it!was!easier!to!store!data!and!then!also!
computing!of!students’!grades.!This!system!he!called!the!Zalongwa!software!system!and!he!said!
it!was!a!webHservice!approach!to!integration.!He!therefore!suggested!to!others!that!it!would!be!
expedient!to!use!the!GHapps!and!his!integrated!approach!to!do!the!registration!of!students!and!
then!this!would!allow!for!authentication!of!students!log!in!records!if!there!were!errors!in!that.!
*
Takeaway*
• Zalongwa!software!is!an!example!of!a!webHservice!learning!management!system!which!
seeks!to!integrate!Moodle!and!GoogleHapps!in!sharing!information!without!human!
intervention.!!
!
!
10.19. Mobile*computerBsupported*collaborative*learning*using*google*apps*for*education*
within*a*mLearning*strategy*
!
This!presenter!is!coming!from!Spain!so!at!a!point!he!said!one!may!wonder!why!he!is!part!of!AVU.!
The!reason!he!gave!was!that!the!learning!systems!are!evolving!in!Africa!just!the!same!way!they!
are!evolving!in!Europe.!Therefore,!he!found!it!necessary!to!introduce!his!knowledge!and!
learning!technology!system!to!us!here.!He!said!that!this!is!the!new!paradigm!within!the!
European!countries!that!they!are!all!moving!on!to!what!they!call!competence!based!learning.!
His!collaborators!have!therefore!developed!a!new!technology!known!as!knowledge!and!learning!
technologies!and!this!was!very!distinct!from!the!learning!management!systems!that!have!
existed!before.!Learning!systems!are!evolving!to!competency!based,!knowledge!based,!and!
foster!entrepreneurship!and!innovation.!The!learning!system!that!he!introduced,!he!said,!was!
both!a!system!that!could!be!used!for!competence!based!as!well!as!knowledge!based!system;!
and!the!competences!that!he!mentioned!were!time!management,!social!learning!and!
entrepreneurship.!He!said!that!theses!competences!were!absent!in!most!students!in!Europe!and!
as!a!result,!the!only!way!to!get!them!to!get!some!of!these!competences!was!to!develop!
softwares!that!were!friendly!to!them.!
!
In!Deusto!he!mentioned!there!are!over!9000!students!and!only!600!staff.!Knowledge!and!
learning!technologies!(KLT)!are!stressed!in!knowledge!based!learning.!He!noted!that!57%!in!EU!
use!smart!phones.!MHlearning!was!defined!as!a!learning!activity!that!takes!place!without!a!fixed!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!61!!!
location.!eHCampus!strategic!projects!make!use!of!computers,!smart!phones!and!iPads.!The!
campus!uses!Google!applications.!When!people!cooperate!in!a!given!environment,!it!stimulates!
learning!and!development.!It!is!eleven!years!ago!they!introduced!CSCL!and!the!university!has!
since!found!the!need!for!more!technologies!and!moodle!is!not!enough.!There!is!also!the!need!to!
have!personal!gadgets.!This!will!also!encourage!social!learning!which!is!needed!for!collaborative!
learning!and!mobile!learning.!Everyone!should!adopt!some!content!to!mobile!devices.!Mobile!
computer!support!collaborative!learning!(MSCL)!integrates!google!apps!with!mobile!devices.!
Google!app!develops!all!products!and!can!be!found!in!Moodle,!these!include:!collaborative!
services,!location!services!and!notification!services.!These!Google!apps!are!free!for!all!
education/learning!institutions!and!if!well!utilized!they!can!make!learning!very!easy!because!
everything!is!automatically!linked!to!Moodle.!He!noted!that!the!use!of!Google!apps!is!higher!in!
employees!than!students.!In!conclusion,!sharing!documents!is!easier,!students!can!be!asked!and!
ask!questions,!the!applications!are!free!and!very!easy!to!use.!
!
!
Takeaway*
• The!integration!of!google!apps!with!mobile!devices!in!Mobile!computer!support!
collaborative!learning!(MSCL)!encourages!social!learning!(which!is!needed!for!
collaborative!learning!and!mobile!learning)!and!also!makes!sharing!of!documents!easy.!
!
!
!
10.20. TALKY.*A*serious*game*to*develop*and*assess*oral*and*interpersonal*communication*
competences+*
!
The!objective!was!the!development!of!a!serious!game!designed!to!work!two!generic!
competences,!oral!communication!and!interpersonal!communication.!The!presenter!talked!
about!the!use!of!games!to!stimulate!students!to!learn.!He!talked!of!the!fact!that!here!too,!it!was!
based!upon!competency!learning.!The!games!are!very!complex,!digital!and!are!used!for!learning.!
The!games!are!oriented!to!ability!learning,!simulate!real!life!situations!and!the!content!pursues!
specific!interests.!There!were!three!levels!of!mastery!as!the!competencies!were!being!lined.!The!
first!level!was!ability!to!express!one’s!ideas,!the!second!level!was!the!ability!to!speak!before!a!
group!and!then!the!third!level!was!the!ability!to!adapt!that!knowledge!to!other!situations.!
Therefore,!in!their!games!they!devised!games!which!were!not!virtual!but!real!situation!games,!in!
which!case!there!was!the!possibility!for!students!to!meet!participants!online!to!do!the!various!
activities!that!have!been!designed!within!the!games.!Findings!show!that!in!Deusto!business!
school!the!students!are!lacking!in!creativity!and!entrepreneurship.!The!Talky!games!can!help!
develop!these!skills!because!they!are!real!situation!games;!people!could!meet!online.!
!
Takeaways*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!62!!!
• Serious!games,!like!Talky!which!are!digital,!nonHvirtual!and!real!situation!games!can!
foster!competency!basedHlearning!and!can!help!students!develop!creativity!and!
entrepreneurial!skills!as!they!rely!on!interpersonal!online!communication.!
!
!
10.21. Structuration*et*management*du*eBlearning*pour*mieux*gérer*les*sureffectifs*
d’étudiants*à*l’UCAD*(Structuring*and*Management*of*eBlearning*for*a*better*
management*of*student*overcrowding**at*Cheikh*Anta*Diop*University*(UCAD)*
*
This!presentation!focused!on!the!challenges!facing!the!introduction!and!management!of!
distance!learning!(DL)!at!UCAD!with!the!objectives!of!the!research!being:!(i)!to!demonstrate!the!
importance!of!ICT!in!tackling!difficult!situations!in!Senegalese!universities!(ii)!to!analyse!
university!policy!in!ICT!and!distance!learning!(iii)!to!evaluate!the!competence!of!actors!in!terms!
of!ICT!use!and!(iv)!to!identify!ways!of!thinking!and!actions.!The!researchers!were!concerned!that!
despite!a!few!Schools!and!Institutes!at!UCAD!offering!distance!learning!courses,!the!pricing!
policies!seemed!to!exclude!traditional!ordinary!students.!This!made!them!ask!whether!DL!will!be!
limited!only!to!an!elite!group!of!students!hence!the!need!to!examine!the!focus!and!strategy!that!
Cheikh!Anta!Diop!University!should!develop!in!order!to!arrive!at!a!coherent!DL!policy.!The!
researchers!through!their!findings!question!the!rationale!of!DL!!as!a!tool!to!resolve!the!problems!
of!overcrowding!faced!by!some!faculties!in!UCAD!because!they!discovered!that:!(i)!the!
introduction!of!DL!at!UCAD!was!a!multiHspeed!process!where!coherence!did!not!seem!to!be!a!
strong!aspect!(ii)!the!umbrella!institution,!UCAD,!had!yet!to!derive!significant!benefits!from!
Open!and!Distance!Learning!and!(iii)!strategies!for!dealing!with!massification!through!ICTs!and!
DL!varied!widely!and!were!perceived!differently.!They!found!also!found!out!that!institutions!
where!distance!learning!was!well!developed!or!which!had!onHgoing!projects!faced!no!
massification!problem!(in!contrast!with!institutions!which!had!no!distance!education!project!in!
place).!The!researcher!therefore!!argued!that!although!one!of!the!main!reasons!for!the!
introduction!of!DL!in!higher!education!was!to!help!in!massification,!the!absence!of!a!coherent!
distance!education!policy!with!an!implementation!plan!and!clearly!identified!objectives!could!
still!be!an!obstacle.!
!
Takeaways*
• Lack!of!a!coherent!ODeL!policy!may!negatively!impact!on!massification!of!higher!
education.!
• Absence!of!ODeL!programs!or!projects!in!an!institution!is!a!hindrance!to!massification.!
!
Conclusion+
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!63!!!
In!his!concluding!remarks,!the!chair!of!this!session!observed!that!the!key!issue!is!that!there!is!
evolution!of!ICT!in!all!areas!of!life!and!it!is!influencing!our!education!and!work.!We!need!a!
paradigm!shift!although!there!will!be!resistance.!He!pointed!out!the!following:!
i. There!is!need!for!strong!national!policies!and!governments!need!to!be!convinced!of!the!
need!for!infrastructure!to!support!ICT!in!education,!e.g.!fiber!optic!backbone!and!other!
infrastructure.!
ii. There!is!need!to!improve!ICT!education!at!a!basic!level!of!our!schools!
iii. Universal!access!to!energy!is!a!challenge!and!subsidies!are!required!in!areas!that!cannot!
access!energy.!Solar!energy!as!well!as!other!alternative!sources!needs!to!be!explored.!
iv. He!challenged!the!delegates!from!partner!institution!to!preach!ODeL!but!reminded!
them!that!there!is!need!to!both!preach!and!practice.!If!VCs!are!not!aware!they!may!not!
be!enthusiastic!to!push!an!agenda.!We!need!to!live!ODEL,!preach!the!gospel!of!ODEL!
and!be!enthusiastic.!He!concluded!that!we!must!revolutionize!our!universities.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!64!!!
V. Conference+Day+II+
11. Session%7:%Panel%on%AVU%Multinational%Project%*
Chair:*Prof.%Ezra%Maritim,!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!AVU!Board!Member! !
!
11.1. A*brief*on*the*AVU*Multinational*Projects*
Presenter(s):%Ms.%Catherine%Wangeci,%African%Virtual%University%*
Phase!I!of!the!program!was!collaboratively!developed!by!partner!institutions!and!was!
implemented!between!2005H2011.!It!involved!the!development!of!10!ODeL!centers,!459!
academics,!13!modules,!597!scholarships!and!4000!students!enrolled.!73!modules!for!teacher!
education!were!developed!as!a!basis!for!OER@AU.!
Phase!II!has!consolidated!the!gains!of!Phase!1!and!was!funded!by!African!Development!Bank!
(AFDB).!12!new!centers!will!be!built!and!15!centers!upgraded.!Most!sites!are!ready!and!supply!
commences!in!2H3!weeks.!During!this!phase!there!will!be!review!of!programs!in!terms!of!
delivery!and!content.!During!the!May!workshop,!there!was!a!review!of!the!73!modules,!and!
development!of!10!new!modules.!
The!applied!computer!science!module!has!been!developed!collaboratively!with!18!institutions!
taking!current!best!practices!into!consideration.!Conflict!and!peace!management!will!be!
introduced!and!there!will!be!R&D!crossHcutting!activities.!Among!other!activities!there!will!be!
awarding!of!scholarships,!development!of!a!QA!framework!and!OER!sensitization!workshops!&!
networking.!
In!Phase!1!there!were!challenges!identified!and!it!is!hoped!that!the!review!will!address!these!
challenges.!!
!
*
11.2. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*Open*University*Tanzania*B*Joint*AVU/OUT*ICT*Basic*Skills*Program*
Presenter(s):%Prof.%Eliphas%Bisanda%DVC%Academic,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%*
Introduction*
The!presentation!is!based!on!experiences!of!the!university!in!implementation!of!Phase!1!of!the!
project.!The!project!was!an!ICT!program!for!teachers!and!teacher!instructors!aimed!at!
enhancing!eLearning!capacity.!Improvement!of!ICT!skills!increase!access!to!digital!knowledge!
and!improve!quality!of!teaching.!The!number!of!ICT!literate!teachers!also!increases!and!they!are!
able!to!sustain!student!interest!in!science!subjects.!There!has!been!a!history!of!failure!in!science!
subject!by!all!students!in!most!areas!of!Tanzania.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!65!!!
The!program!faced!a!setback!in!sponsoring!teachers!by!dealing!with!Ministry!of!Education!while!
the!intended!teachers!had!been!transferred!to!the!Ministry!of!Local!Government.!A!new!project!
to!train!teachers!through!the!relevant!ministry!was!developed.!Course!content!was!developed!in!
parts!and!modules!and!based!in!5!centers.!Assessment!was!conducted!as!a!twoHhour!test!at!the!
end!of!each!training!for!assessment.!
Feedback*
The!teachers!reported!that!the!time!was!too!short!to!cover!all!topics!but!in!that!time!they!
gained!a!lot!of!ICTHbased!knowledge.!The!program!enabled!teachers!to!train!students!on!
appropriate!use!of!ICT.!Some!teachers!fear!being!irrelevant,!that!they!will!be!replaced!by!
eLearning.*
Summary*
The!program!developed!in!Phase!1!of!the!AVU!has!led!to!improvement!of!teacher!training!in!
Tanzania.!Evaluation!and!feedback!are!important!components!of!the!project.!
*
11.3. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*University*of*Zimbabwe:*The*AVU*Capacity*Enhancement*Program*
(ACEP)**
Presenter(s):%Prof.%Chipo%Dyanda,%Pro9Vice%Chancellor,%University%of%Zimbabwe%%The!program!is!designed!to!equip!lecturers!in!skills!of!design!and!delivery.!It!runs!an!
accreditation!program!of!13!colleges,!with!10!of!them!running!ODeL!programs.!The!training!was!
necessitated!by!migration!of!science!teachers!to!neighboring!countries!like!Namibia!and!South!
Africa.!
A!diverse!team!assists!in!the!implementation!within!the!university!framework.!Cascading!
priority!focused!on!teachers!colleges.!The!greatest!impact!was!felt!in!Bachelor!of!Science!
Mathematics!program.!Partner!institution!teachers!colleges!appreciated!the!program!and!
primary!colleges!have!set!up!ODeL!Centers!as!a!result!of!this!program.!
Lessons*Learned*
• Good!grounding!is!important!in!ODeL!
• Connectivity!is!still!a!challenge!
• Role!of!the!core!team!is!important!in!implementation!of!the!program!
• It!is!important!to!include!representatives!of!various!faculties!to!increase!support!
!
11.4. AVU*Phase*I*at*Universite*Cheikh*Anta*Diop,*Senegal:*The*Teacher*Education*Program**
*Presenter(s):%Ibrahima%Niang,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%Senegal%Introduction*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!66!!!
The!project!was!necessary!as!the!impact!of!poor!quality!teaching!was!felt!as!a!result!of!many!
untrained!teachers!at!various!levels!of!education.!AVU!partnered!with!the!university!and!was!
able!to!train!teachers!in!2!phases.!The!program!was!geared!at!putting!in!place!training!tools!for!
teachers,!particularly!in!calculus!and!mathematics.!A!broader!program!resulted!in!phase!2!of!the!
project.!Success!is!based!on!the!governance!and!organization!of!the!program.!A!national!
coordinator!was!assigned!the!task!to!support!the!program.!Most!faculties!from!universities!
made!up!the!implementation!team.!Implementation!cascaded!from!the!trained!teachers!back!to!
the!various!regions!and!institution!where!they!were!based.!
More!than!13,000!teachers!have!been!trained!at!the!national!level,!a!number!that!would!have!
taken!the!government!10!years.!While!the!project!was!initiated!by!AVU!there!was!a!lot!of!
government!support.!The!rate!of!success!was!high!compared!to!previous!training!models.!
ODeL!will!be!put!in!place!in!the!university.!There!will!be!use!of!integrated!learning!with!both!
online!and!face!to!face!teaching!model.!There!will!be!a!team!of!support!from!government,!
technological!experts!and!pedagogical!groups.!Faculty!teams!will!be!put!in!place!to!develop!
ODeL!programs.!!
Results*
The!project!increased!the!number!of!trained!teachers!with!an!85%!success!rate.!
*
11.5. Discussion*
Brief!on!the!AVU!Multinational!Projects!H!Catherine!Wangeci,!African!Virtual!University!
i. You*indicated*that*the*2nd
*phase*would*include*publication*of*the*projects,*eBjournals*
and*conference*proceedings.*Kindly*elaborate.*
! There!was!no!documented!process!in!R&D!in!phase!1.!Phase!II!is!taking!this!into!
account.!Select!research!papers!presented!from!the!27!countries!and!beyond!will!be!
published!in!AVU!online!journal.!!
ii. Elaborate*on*the*projects*and*the*scholarships*for*women.*What*can*be*done*to*
ensure*students*in*University*of*Cape*Verde*benefit*from*the*scholarship*programs?*
! The!scholarship!program!is!a!gender!mainstreaming!program!targeted!at!females!
enrolled!in!science!programs.!Institutions!need!to!enroll!students!and!AVU!will!
transfer!funds!to!institutions!with!most!female!students!mainly!for!the!computer!
science!program.!
!
iii. *You*indicated*that*an*online*journal*will*capture*all*the*publications*and*studies.*Is*AVU*working*with*CAMES*because*lecturers*would*take*advantage*of*this*to*publish*
their*work?*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!67!!!
! AVU!have!been!in!engagement!with!CAMES!at!policy!level!since!2012!July.!Online!
journal!is!starting!up!and!accepted!papers!will!be!published.!!
!
iv. The*idea*of*relevance*was*being*questioned*on*the*issue*of*OER*resources*at*AVU.*In*the*review*process*is*contextualization*being*considered*to*ensure*relevance*within*
local*context?*
! Apart!from!review,!there!is!involvement!of!11!institutions,!where!curriculum!
mapping!process!is!taking!place.!The!institutions!gave!their!views!depending!on!the!
situation!of!their!country.!Most!countries!will!adopt!these!according!to!their!
situations!and!they!will!be!modified!to!fit!their!needs.!Content!and!mapping!will!be!
specific!to!each!institution!in!specific!country!
!
v. Various*countries*e.g.*Tanzania*and*Senegal*are*at*various*levels*in*implementing*the*
AVU*projects*and*AVU*has*timelines.*How*will*the*countries*be*put*at*the*same*level*
of*implementation,*given*that*some*countries*have*transport*issues*and*for*some*
power*is*a*challenge?*What*infrastructural*measures*are*being*put*in*place*given*the*
various*challenges*and*is*AVU*taking*this*into*consideration?*
! Resources!and!services!offered!are!the!same!and!offered!in!good!time.!Institutions!
should!be!ready!to!use!the!resources.!There!are!challenges!but!AVU!works!
collaboratively!to!identify!resources!needed.!Development!of!programs!is!also!a!
challenge.!Modules!need!to!be!developed!and!reviewed!with!different!experts!who!
also!have!high!workload.!Authors!are!interchanged!thus!interrupting!the!process.!
Currently!there!isn't!much!of!challenge!with!development!process!due!to!lessons!
learnt!from!phase!1.!AVU!will!adjust!the!timelines!to!accommodate!institutions!
situations.*
*
vi. Given*AVU*mission*to*make*online*education*accessible*across*Africa.*How*is*this*
achievable*when*challenges*in*rural*areas*are*numerous?*Challenges*in*ICT*and*
technology*and*even*mobiles*phones*do*not*exist*in*some*areas.*How*will*the*rural*
population*be*reached*for*ICT*to*cut*across*Africa?*
! Challenges!were!mentioned!in!Senegal!but!centers!were!identified!for!training!and!
the!teachers!were!able!to!be!trained.!AVU!strategy!is!to!work!with!partner!
institutions!whose!reach!is!across!the!country.!They!must!have!satellite!centers!
across!the!country!e.g.!UON!and!Senegal!have!the!widest!reach!and!spread!the!
benefit!to!satellite!centers.!This!can!be!achieved!by!working!with!organizations!that!
have!wide!reach!within!the!country.!
!
AVU!Phase!I!at!Universite!Cheikh!Anta!Diop,!Senegal:!The!Teacher!Education!Program!–!Prof!
Ibrahima!Niang,!Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop,!Senegal!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!68!!!
i. There*is*a*high*rate*of*success*in*Senegal*as*compared*with*Burkina*Faso*in*a*similar*
program.*What*contributed*to*the*success*because*ODeL*is*considered*difficult*and*
students*are*unable*to*adapt?*
! This!is!due!to!several!factors:!(a)!Part!time!and!full!time!lecturers!became!more!
competent!with!their!work!as!they!gained!experience!in!teaching!in!secondary!
school.!
! (b)!Recruitment!problem!and!unemployment!means!that!qualified!people!are!
recruited!as!partHtime!even!though!they!are!qualified!to!be!fullHtime!teachers!
! (c)!through!academic!inspection!at!local!levels!
!
ii. Apart*from*transport*in*the*rural*areas,*what*are*the*other*difficulties*experienced*in*
the*program?*
! Aspects!related!to!internet!connectivity!for!access!to!web!based!platforms.!
Electricity!was!also!a!problem!so!other!media!like!paper!and!DVD!were!adopted!to!
improve!accessibility.!
!
iii. Is*there*a*national*policy*on*ODeL*in*Senegal*and*if*there*is,*is*it*being*implemented?*
! There!is!no!policy!but!there!have!been!initiatives!within!certain!ministries!and!
universities!who!have!tried!to!put!in!place!programs!in!ICT.!In!February!2013!there!
was!a!presidential!directive!signed!to!put!in!place!technologies!to!improve!access!to!
higher!education!and!encouraging!use!of!ICT.!
!
! This!is!a!policy!vision!that!will!be!translated!to!policy!by!ministries.!A!virtual!
university!is!currently!being!built.!In!the!next!few!months!there!should!be!a!clear!
policy!on!ODeL!
!
iv. There*were*more*subjects*used*in*the*University’s*training*which*were*different*from*
AVU*programs.*Was*the*Senegal*approach*informed*by*a*local*need?*
! The!pilot!phase!of!training!with!AVU!and!the!other!projects!were!more!general!and!
after!phase!1!the!government!put!in!place!means!to!extend!training!to!part!time!
teachers!in!other!areas!of!study.!The!general!results!were!presented!in!phase!2.!
!
AVU!Phase!1!at!the!Open!University!Tanzania!H!Joint!AVU/OUT!ICT!Basic!Skills!Program!H!Prof.%Eliphas%Bisanda%DVC%Academic,%Open%University%of%Tanzania!
i. You*mentioned*that*in*training*teachers,*the*university*had*to*look*for*experts*that*
were*from*AVU.*How*did*you*do*that?*
! The!university!has!a!fullHfledged!department!of!ICT!and!a!full!program!with!
academic!staff,!experts,!technicians!programmers!and!networking!technicians!
available!to!support.!All!experts!were!from!the!university!but!a!few!had!participated!
in!AVU!program.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!69!!!
!
ii. Teachers*are*getting*scared*of*losing*their*jobs.*What*steps*are*being*taken*to*dispel*
these*fears?*
! ICT!takes!over!some!roles!of!teachers.!Fear!of!teachers!is!not!unfounded.!Some!
industries!have!replaced!personnel!and!replaced!them!with!technology!.e.g.!post!
office!was!replaced!by!email.!Mpesa!and!other!mobile!money!transfers!have!
replaced!bank!tellers.!Landlines!have!been!replaced!with!mobile!phones.!In!the!
West!cash!has!been!replaced!with!visa!and!tellers!no!longer!have!jobs.!Some!
internet!sites!exist!with!full!academic!courses!and!this!may!result!in!students!
missing!classes.!!
! %
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!70!!!
%
12. Session%8:%ICTs%&%Educational/Social%Context%Chair:*Dr%Niandou%Aïssata,!Conseillère!Technique!du!Ministre!
The!entire!session!8!was!cancelled,!none!of!presenters!made!it!to!the!conference!
Infrastructure*and*access*for*open*and*distance*learning:*Experiences*from*Zimbabwe*
Moffat%Chitapa%Tarusikirwa%PhD,!!Zimbabwe!Open!University!
Fracture*numérique*et*développement*en*Afrique*
Fatima%Zohra%Sossi%Alaoui,!Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!Morocco*
Mustapha%Machrafi%,%Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!!Morocco!
Les*freins*à*l'intégration*des*TIC*en*pratiques*enseignantes*dans*le*contexte*scolaire*tunisien*
%Souad%%Abdelwahed,!Centre!National!d’Innovation!Pédagogique!et!de!Recherche!en!Education!!!*!!(CNIPRE),!Tunisia!
***************************!
! %
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!71!!!
%
13. Session%9:%Curriculum/Program%Development%%Chair:*Prof.!Bendita!Donaciano,!Universidade!Pedagogica,!Moçambique!
13.1. Students’*understanding*of*research*as*praxis*in*a*distance*education*postgraduate*programme*
Presenters(s):%Prof%William%Fraser,%University%of%Pretoria%South%Africa%*
Key*Points:*
The!study!focused!on!two!main!questions:!
• How!do!postgraduate!distance!students!understand!research!as!a!praxis?!
• How!applicable!is!the!learning!in!practice?!
Steps!need!to!be!taken!to!be!careful!of!mismatch!between!the!role!of!the!research!and!that!of!
teachers!and!students.!
A!questionnaire!was!developed!and!validation!was!done!with!95!items.!Learning!areas!
specialization!for!Bachelor!of!Education!included!various!subjects!e.g.!communication,!
numeracy,!human!science!etc.!
During*analysis*7*issues*emerged:*
• research!promotes!critical!thinking,!
• empowers!teachers,!
• improves!quality!of!teachers,!
• educators!should!be!good!teachers!and!good!researchers,!
• research!should!be!part!of!professional!redevelopment!
• research!should!improve!learning!environment!and!gathering!of!information!
Eight!factors!were!derived!and!they!and!were!in!line!with!content!validation!of!the!
questionnaires.!
Findings*
• Teachers!could!relate!to!research,!learnt!a!lot,!not!only!professionals!can!be!
researchers,!but!also!teachers!can!be!good!researchers.!
• Some!teachers!intimidated!by!research!
• Close!association!and!engagement!will!bring!about!change!in!the!community!
• Interventions!should!focus!on!empowerment!
• Access!is!enhanced!
• The!process!calls!for!social!participation!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!72!!!
Conclusions*drawn*
• Proves!importance!of!research!as!a!praxis!
• Supports!teachers!understanding!of!foundation!of!educational!research!
• Strengthens!teachers!own!research!and!participant!identifies!professional!development!
in!general!
• Takes!learning!experience!a!step!further!and!gives!opportunity!to!make!a!difference!
*
13.2. Le*locuteur*natif*à*distance,*une*alternative*à*l’assistant*pour*l’apprentissage*autodirigé*des*langues*étrangères*(The*native*speaker,*an*alternative*assistant*to*the*selfB
directed*learning*of*foreign*languages)*
Presenter(s):%Jacinto%Cipriano%Banze%Junior,%Universidade%Pedagógica,%Moçambique%%Introduction*
The!University's!objective!is!to!train!teachers!in!various!faculties!and!the!teachers!are!
represented!across!the!country.!Different!modes!of!teaching!are!used.!Teachers!have!been!
participating!in!positive!ways!to!support!training!since!2008.!There!is!currently!difficulty!in!
learning!languages!because!in!any!learning!system!there!is!always!a!capital!role!for!someone!in!
the!course.!The!project's!aim!is!to!help!people!to!understand!and!learn!the!language!with!the!
help!of!native!speakers.!
Two!solutions!were!recommended!to!launch!this!program:!
• Pay!assisting!teachers!for!the!training!
• Intervene!in!the!ODeL!with!video!conferencing!
The!first!recommendation!failed!as!budgetary!problems!were!experienced!as!is!the!case!with!
many!budgetary!constraints!in!Africa.!
SelfHlearning!alternatives!were!developed!and!these!focused!on!distance!learning.!The!concept!
of!selfHlearning!has!been!advanced!for!10!yrs.!Language!assistants!were!involved!and!native!
speakers!were!preferred.!
SelfHlearning!required!institution!to!put!strategies!for!them!to!learn!and!grow.!Students!may!
learn!alone!with!native!documents!but!need!to!evaluate!learning!and!to!authenticate!with!local!
speakers.!
Native!speakers!are!responsible!for!their!learning,!helping!the!learner!with!support!to!develop!
competencies!and!develop!learning!capacity.!
There!are!two!rules!in!selfHlearning!
• Language!format!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!73!!!
• Communication!partner!
Native!persons!understand!cultural!information!and!learn!with!culture.!A!communication!
partner!who!is!the!native!person!had!to!have!interaction!with!learner.!
A!tool!was!developed!for!video!conferencing!called!OVOO!which!looks!like!Skype,!is!free!but!has!
more!advantages!as!you!can!record!discussions!for!more!than!20!minutes.!This!tool!is!however!
not!downloadable.!
Conclusion*
• We!may!be!losing!out!on!selfHtraining!programs!in!development!of!learning!of!foreign!
languages!e.g.!French,!Portuguese,!English!etc.!
• In!future!we!need!to!put!structures!to!develop!video!for!selfHlearning!in!the!platform!
and!improve!interaction!
• It!is!important!to!work!with!partner!in!collaboration!
!
*
13.3* The*design*and*development*of*the*diploma*program*on*social*enterprise*and*
development:*Towards*an*open*learning*policy*
Presenter(s):%Jos.%H.A.N.%Rikers,%Open%Universiteit,%The%Netherlands%&%Alberto%Parise,%Tangaza%University%College,%ISMM,%Kenya%!
This!is!a!PhD!project!with!and!as!policy!advisor/coordination!of!UNESCO.!It!is!in!collaboration!
with!Tangaza!University!College!in!Kenya.!
The!theme!is!social!transformation!for!human!dignity!and!social!justice.!It!is!a!diploma!designed!
to!cater!for!upgrading!informal!sector!entrepreneurs.!Access!for!those!without!time!to!attend!is!
being!integrated!by!program.!
Lecturers!need!to!be!trained!on!distance!education!being!designed.!Program!requires!the!
learner!to!write!own!business!plan!as!a!parallel!activity.!It!is!transfer!from!theory!to!practice!in!
individual!business.!
A!workshop!was!organized!to!identify!a!design!framework!that!was!discussed!with!lecturers!for!
consensus.!Both!prospective!students!and!alumni!were!involved.!
Theory*and*background*
• Discussion!on!teaching!philosophy!
• Quality!issues!
• How!is!it!targeting!SMEs!
• Learning!goals!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!74!!!
Design*
Basis!of!design!introduces!the!4!component!instructional!design!model!—!increasing!in!
complexity!from!teacher!oriented!to!student!oriented!with!student!taking!more!responsibility!
with!progression!
• Student!gets!support!and!learning!resources!when!needed!
• Program!structured!and!software!package!designed!
• Software!—!EMERGO!was!designed!and!adopted!
• Teaching!involved!every!task!with!a!sequence!to!solve,!with!increasing!mastery!
• It!was!important!to!work!in!an!authentic!environment!
Results*
• Data!was!collected!from!stakeholders;!involved!all!stakeholders,!management!staff!
students!and!alumni!
• Interviews!were!carried!out!and!main!concerns!involved!use!of!technology.!
• More!programs!are!intended!for!development.!
*
13.4*Discussion*
Students’!understanding!of!research!as!praxis!in!a!distance!education!postgraduate!programme!H!
Presenters(s):!Prof!William!Fraser,!University!of!Pretoria!South!Africa!
i. Elaborate*on*the*policies*that*are*related*to*the*program*
! If!we!link!the!entire!scope!with!critical!theory!we!reestablish!social!dignity.!
!
ii. There*is*concern*on*the*length*of*the*questionnaire*with*95*items.*Can*they*be*
condensed*for*a*smaller*questionnaire?*How*easy*was*it*to*the*respondents*as*it*is*
quite*involving?*
! 25%!of!the!respondents!returned!the!questionnaire.!People!becoming!enlightened!
as!far!as!ethics!are!concerned.!Opinions!of!people!are!changing.!However!this!
questionnaire!should!be!condensed!in!future.!
!
! The!themes!advice!community!needs!each!year!and!it!takes!up!to!4H5!years!to!
complete!the!program.!The!questionnaire!was!not!judgmental!but!was!intended!to!
improve!environment!with!teachers.!Focusing!on!research!based!themes!improved!
response.!
!
iii. Research*should*be*an*important*education*principle.*However*eLearning*demands*
many*skills,*teaching*and*participating*in*academic*life*and*a*lot*of*activities.*How*can*
the*eLearning*teacher*do*all*this*work?*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!75!!!
! Workload!of!teachers!is!an!issue!but!in!some!cases!working!around!the!clock!may!be!
necessary.!
!
The!design!and!development!of!the!diploma!program!on!social!enterprise!and!development:!
Towards!an!open!learning!policy!H!Jos.!H.A.N.!Rikers,!Open!Universiteit,!The!Netherlands!&!
Alberto!Parise,!Tangaza!University!College,!ISMM,!Kenya!
i. You*indicated*the*model*was*designed*in*1997*and*validated*for*training*skills.*Very*
little*is*known*on*the*model.*Is*it*for*education*or*classroom?*What*is*its*effectiveness*
in*classroom*teaching?*
! It!is!true!the!model!is!not!widely!used!but!it!was!used!in!the!study!to!develop!a!
didactic!approach.!The!EMERGO!software!was!developed!using!the!model.!It!is!
based!on!breaking!complexity!and!building!up!tasks!and!complexity.!There!is!not!
much!published!on!this!approach!but!the!PhD!study!will!contribute!more!
information!and!contribute!to!the!education!environment.!
!
Le!locuteur!natif!à!distance,!une!alternative!à!l’assistant!pour!l’apprentissage!autodirigé!des!
langues!étrangères!(The!native!speaker,!an!alternative!assistant!to!the!selfHdirected!learning!of!
foreign!languages)!H!Presenter(s):!Jacinto!Cipriano!Banze!Junior,!Universidade!Pedagógica,!
Moçambique!
i. There*is*some*confusion*about*the*native*speaker?*Is*it*Portuguese*or*local*languages*
in*Mozambique.*Is*this*an*alternative*in*learning*languages?*
!
! This!is!an!alternative!learning!mode,!all!provisions!have!language!assistant!only!
when!needed.!It!is!the!government!that!should!disseminate!language.!Language!
experts’!role!is!played!by!the!teacher.!We!need!to!have!native!expert!teachers!but!it!
is!difficult!to!remunerate!them.!
!
! The!interaction!was!French!because!instructors!are!French.!Only!native!speakers!
should!be!used.!Languages!evolve!and!expatriate!natives!may!not!be!aware!of!
changes.!The!native!speaker!will!keep!characteristics!of!the!native!language.! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!76!!!
!
14. Session%10:%OER%Crowdsourcing%Panel%Presentation%Chair*Mary%Lou%Forward,%Executive!Director!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!
14.1. CrossBcultural*crowdsourcing:*A*method*for*sharing*OERs*across*language*barriers*
!Presenter(s):%Griff%Richards%PhD,%African%Virtual%University,%Nairobi,%Kenya%!
This!presentation!sought!to!highlight!how!the!AVU!supports!postHsecondary!education!in!Africa!
in!English,!French!and!Portuguese.!It!was!noted!that!the!traditional!translation!process!has!been!
both!slow!and!very!expensive.!Most!of!the!AVU!course!writing!has!been!through!collaborative!
writing.!The!thorny!issues!have!been!revolving!around!recruiting!the!right!people!on!the!subject!
matter!and!knowledge!of!the!language.!The!next!steps!at!AVU!is!to!capture!the!creative!
collaboration!through!technical!structures!that!work!and!to!create!and!maintain!a!process!that!
will!enable!expansion.!
!
14.2. Volunteer*translation*of*open*textbooks*in*South*Africa*Presenter(s):%%Bridget%Nash,%Siyavula%Education,%Cape%Town,%South%Africa%!
SIYAVULA!which!means!we!are!opening!was!created!with!an!objective!of!working!with!
communities!to!translate!mathematics!and!science!books!both!at!primary!and!secondary.!In!the!
long!run,!they!hope!to!cover!all!subjects.!It!is!a!social!company!that!offers!free!and!open!
resources.!Majority!of!their!books!are!translated!by!volunteers!and!they!use!open!sources.!
Content!is!released!under!open!licenses.!So!far!up!to!500,000!entries!are!shown!per!month.!The!
issue!they!are!currently!grappling!with!is!the!quality!of!good!translation.!
!
14.3. Crowdsourcing*video*translations*for*a*global*network*for*health*education*Presenter(s):%Kathleen%Ludewig%Omollo,%University%of%Michigan,%Ann%Arbor,%USA%!
The!presenter!outlined!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing!which!speeds!up!content!creation!and!
ensures!one!gets!collaborators.!It!also!presents!a!scenario!where!one!can!easily!target!the!
audience.!She!presented!on!the!various!videos!on!health!education!material!that!had!been!
translated!using!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing.!The!main!challenge!in!this!concept!was!having!
translation!done!in!time!and!maintaining!the!quality!of!the!content!across!languages.!
!
!
14.4. Discussion*
Lessons*learnt*from*the*models*
• It!is!important!to!seek!to!maintain!the!content!and!language!quality.!
• Time!commitment!can!be!achieved!by!the!volunteers!by!setting!deadlines.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!77!!!
• It!is!necessary!to!recruit!volunteers!with!language!expertise.!
• Depending!on!how!technical!the!language!is,!there!exist!a!wide!range!of!open!and!free!
software!that!could!be!utilized.!
• Proofreading,!formatting!and!consistency!in!translating!for!wholeness!is!always!
necessary!
• In!order!to!get!work!done!it!is!good!practice!to!reward!volunteers!and!acknowledge!
their!services.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!78!!!
!
15. Session%11:%High%Level%Panel%on%OER%&%MOOCs%*
Chair:*Larry%Cooperman,!President,!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!
!
15.1. Licensing*Open*Educational*Resources*Presenter(s):%Dr.%Ignasi%Labastida,%University%of%Barcelona%and%Creative%Commons,%Spain%*
The!presenter!began!his!presentation!by!sharing!some!current!copyright!situations!in!Spain!
where!3!public!universities!have!been!sued!for!copyright!infringement!with!a!settlement!fine!of!
USD!one!million.!This!illustrated!that!copyright!affects!us!all!in!our!day!to!day!activities.!In!the!
same!way!copyright!laws!restrict!broad!and!free!use!of!educational!resources.!
In!Spain!for!example!one!is!only!allowed!to!use!small!segments!of!someone’s!work.!Currently!
there!is!very!limited!use!of!legal!notice!in!the!web!but!that!actually!means!"full!copyright"!as!
opposed!to!"open'.!The!term!‘share’!can!be!equated!to!‘allow!use’!while!‘open’!may!not!
necessarily!mean!availability.!A!tool!is!needed!in!the!form!of!any!license!to!enable!reHuse!of!
material.!
The!concept!of!Creative!Commons!was!established!more!than!10!years!ago.!MIT!
OPENCOURSEWARE/creative!commons!(cc)!is!a!full!set!of!license!for!authors!who!want!to!share!
their!work.!He!emphasized!the!importance!of!knowing!how!to!choose!a!license.!Wikipedia!has!a!
creative!commons!license!that!allows!commercial!use.!It!is!important!to!show!clear!restriction!
when!applying!creative!commons!licenses.!He!speculated!on!if!a!special!license!for!OER!should!
be!developed.!However,!he!observed!that!in!the!education!world!we!should!always!allow!
derivatives!and!sharing.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!on!the!need!to!build!and!share!a!new!
educational!ecosystem.!
!
*
15.2. Tufts*University*Commitment*to*Open*Access*and*EBlearning*
Presenter(s):%Diafuka%Saila9Ngita,%VMD,%PhD,%Tufts%Cummings%School%of%Veterinary%Medicine**!
The!presenter!introduced!an!open!initiative!dubbed!Tusk!—!Tufts!University!Sciences!
knowledgebase!(opentusk.org),!implemented!to!assist!in!teaching!and!development!of!courses!
and!curriculum!mapping.!He!highlighted!the!importance!of!accreditation!in!quality!education.!
Tusk!ensures!that!content!is!linked!to!competencies!and!helps!in!accreditation!and!how!a!
program!is!being!managed.!
Sharing!of!materials!improves!quality!of!education!and!faculty!collaboration!is!necessary!across!
institutions!and!between!academia!and!government!entities.!The!OHCEA!university!network!was!
initiated!to!promote!the!concept!of!one!health!and!working!together!for!emerging!diseases.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!79!!!
Tufts!can!provide!this!through!deployed!experts,!faulty!collaborations!and!enhancing!academia.!
He!singled!out!an!exchange!Master’s!Program!between!university!of!Lubumbashi!DRC!and!Tufts!
where!both!faculties!were!able!to!collaborate!for!the!benefit!of!students.!
In!conclusion,!he!observed!that!Africa!has!the!ability!to!produce!content!of!value!to!other!
continents!through!eLearning.!
!
*
15.3. The*Open*Strategy*of*Delft*University*of*Technology*Presenter(s):%Willem%Van%Valkenburg,%Delft%University%of%Technology%in%the%Netherlands%!
The!presenter!opened!with!a!quote!from!the!vice!president!of!Education!at!Delft!University!and!
the!initiator!of!the!open!strategy!at!Delft,!that!“Open!and!online!education!allows!people!from!
the!world!access!to!the!top!education!of!TU!Delft.”!He!then!outlined!the!objectives!of!the!open!
education!team!at!Delft!which!includes!publishing!and!managing!high!quality!open!education,!
collaboration!with!national!and!international!partners,!promoting!the!application!of!open!
education!and!to!be!innovative!in!open!education.!
He!then!briefly!mentioned!the!university's!involvement!with!the!OpenCourseWare!(OCW)!
consortium!which!started!in!2007!and!currently!has!120!courses!online!that!are!in!use!and!reH
use!around!the!globe!including!in!developing!countries.!EDx!is!also!a!consortium!of!top!
universities!focused!on!improving!campus!education!with!a!focus!on!open!education,!research!
and!innovation!in!education.!There!are!six!principles!that!MOOCs!need!to!adhere!to,!namely,!
recognizable,!innovative,!inspiring,!understandable!and!reliable.!
In!conclusion!he!outlined!the!University's!strategy!which!is!expected!to!expand!and!diversify!
online!education,!strengthen!collaboration!with!partners!and!adopt!online!modules!for!blended!
learning.!
!
15.4. Georgia*Tech's*OMS*CS:*Smart*Partnerships*Building*Better*Education*
%Presenter(s):%Charles%Isbell,%Senior%Associate%Dean,%Georgia%Institute%of%Technology%!
Dr.!Bell!began!his!presentation!with!the!Institution’s!strategy!to!move!from!MOOCs!(Massive!
Open!Online!Courses)!to!MOODs!(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees).!The!OMS!CS!program!is!an!
affordable!degree!in!Computer!Science.!This!program!had!reduced!in!price!to!6600!USD!from!42!
000!USD.!Georgia!Tech!had!developed!partnerships!with!Udacity!and!AT&T.!The!program!was!
announced!in!May!2003!and!will!run!36!credit!hours!in!12!classes!and!15!specializations.!
!
On!why!the!University!is!venturing!into!MOODs,!the!presenter!stated!that!the!university!felt!it!
was!the!right!time!for!this!effort!to!provide!education!worldwide.!The!faculty!felt!that!there!was!
enough!in!terms!of!quality!experience!and!community!of!people!willing!to!advance!the!efforts.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!80!!!
Donors!are!ready!to!fund!and!partner!in!such!initiatives!and!it!is!important!to!reach!out!to!the!IT!
world!for!a!support!infrastructure.!There!has!been!overwhelming!reaction!in!both!positive!and!
negative!with!a!lot!of!controversy!surrounding!MOOCS.!This!is!unchartered!territory!and!there!is!
tremendous!opportunity!to!reach!out!to!the!world.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!the!importance!
of!building!partnerships!with!universities,!companies!and!other!parties!for!students!to!succeed.!
%15.5. Discussion*!
i. Why*is*it*that*many*digital*resources*including*open*courses*cannot*be*accessed*in*
countries*like*Sudan?*
! A!lot!of!students!cannot!download!from!YouTube.!There!are!limitations!and!restrictions!
in!other!countries!around!the!world.!Videos!may!be!offered!as!pdf!and!lowered!formats.!
To!be!accessible!to!others!around!the!world,!open!educational!resources!should!be!
sensitive!to!restrictions!of!access!experienced!by!other!people!in!the!world.!
!
ii. In*most*African*countries*it*is*difficult*to*develop*an*online*Masters*of*Science*course.*
How*can*African*countries*improve*on*this*issue?*
! It!is!important!to!build!human!resource,!partnerships!and!capacities.!Institutions!can!
also!leverage!open!courseware!movement.!
!
iii. What*is*the*future*of*open*education?*
! Only!7%!of!people!in!Africa!have!access!to!higher!education.!If!there!is!no!dramatic!
change!the!situation!will!be!much!worse.!Global!transition!is!the!next!stage!in!universal!
access!to!higher!education!and!technology!will!drive!the!process.!It!is!only!in!South!
Korea!that!universal!access!to!higher!education!exists.!
! Currently!megaHuniversities!determine!what!quality!education!is.!University!will!have!to!
find!ways!to!explain!to!students!why!it!makes!sense!to!come!to!them!rather!than!take!a!
6000!USD!degree!from!across!the!world.!
!
iv. Women*are*underrepresented*in*computer*science.*Are*there*any*programs*for*
gender*mainstreaming?*
! For!this!program,!the!percentage!of!women!who!have!applied!is!lower!than!on!campus!
percentage.!The!goal!of!the!program!is!to!increase!diversity!in!every!aspect.!Research!
has!shown!that!women!who!enroll!for!advanced!degrees!prefer!MBAs!that!lead!to!
managerial!positions!rather!than!technical!degrees.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!81!!!
%
16. Session%12:%Keynote:%The%Online%Revolution:%Education%for%Everyone%%The*Online*Revolution:*Education*for*Everyone!Presenter:%Daphne%Koller,%Stanford%University;%Co9Founder%and%co9CEO,%Coursera%Chair:*Dr.%Mor%SECK,%Manager/Director!Senegal!Distance!Learning!Centre!&!President!of!the!
Association!of!African!Distance!Learning!Centres!
!
This!presentation!was!delivered!by!Daphne!Koller!virtually!through!Skype.!In!her!presentation,!
Daphne!introduced!Coursera!as!an!Online!revolution!started!in!September!2011.!!Initially!it!was!
available!to!only!to!a!small!number!of!people!and!involved!4!universities.!The!network!has!now!
expanded!to!35!of!the!top!60!universities!including!number!one!and!number!two!institutions!in!
the!world.!
The!program!started!with!computer!science!courses!and!has!now!expanded!to!other!courses.!3!
centers!in!Africa!are!in!Juba,!Kakamega!and!Cairo.!Principle!features!of!Coursera!focus!on!autoH
graded!homework!and!exercises,!peer!grading,!creative!assignments,!open!discussions!around!
assignments!and!student!study!groups.!Learning!hubs!have!been!created!all!over!the!world!in!24!
countries!and!across!5!continents.!She!demonstrated!how!the!"signature!track",!a!program!that!
has!a!tracking!software!with!verified!credential!improves!completion!rates!in!most!online!
courses.!
In!conclusion,!she!shared!statements!of!accomplishments!of!students!who!had!initially!been!
unable!to!access!quality!education!but!through!enrolling!Coursera!had!managed!to!accomplish!
their!goals.!
Discussion*
i. How*can*African*countries*create*content*and*be*able*to*develop*their*own*platforms*
instead*of*being*consumers?*
! The!program!can!be!useful!to!complement!with!other!university!courses!for!specific!
local!users!through!collaboration!and!working!with!local!experts.!By!hard!work,!
developing!practical!solutions!and!customizing!the!content.!It!is!also!possible!to!create!
your!own!platform.!
! It!requires!a!lot!time!and!effort!and!there!are!over!30!engineers!working!on!Coursera!in!
the!past!3!years!and!the!university!still!has!a!long!way!to!go.!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!82!!!
!
17. Day%2:%Summaries%of%Presentations%!
Session+7:+Panel+on+AVU+Multinational+Project+
Chair:*Prof.%Ezra%Maritim,!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!AVU!Board!Member! !
17.1. A*brief*on*the*AVU*Multinational*Projects*
Presenter(s):%Ms.%Catherine%Wangeci,%African%Virtual%University%*
The!presenter!gave!a!description!of!phases!I!and!II!of!AVU’s!Multinational!Support!Project.!The!
overall!objective!of!the!Multinational!Support!Project!I!was!to!enhance!capacity!of!the!AVU’s!
Partner!Institutions!to!develop!ICT!assisted!education!and!training!programs!and!was!funded!by!
the!African!Development!Bank!and!UNP!Somalia.!Its!implementation!period!was!from!2005!up!
to!2011!and!a!total!of!10!Partner!Institutions!drawn!from!10!African!countries!benefitted!from!
the!project.!Some!of!the!achievements!of!Phase!I!project!highlighted!were:!(i)!establishment!of!
10!ODeL!Centres!(ii)!development!of!13!three!part!Modules!of!ACEP!in!Portuguese,!French!&!
English!languages!(iii)!developing!of!73!three!part!Modules!of!Teacher!Education!(Maths!&!
Sciences)!in!Portuguese,!French!&!English!languages!at!OER@AVU!(iv)!award!of!597!Scholarships!
(v)!enrolment!of!more!than!4,000!students!and!(vi)!crossHborder!collaboration!via!TE!Virtual!
Consortium.!
!
The!presenter!further!pointed!out!that!the!objective!of!Multinational!Support!Project!II!is!to!
strengthen!the!capacity!of!27!Partnering!Institutions!(PIs)!in!21!African!countries!within!the!AVU!
network!and!the!African!Virtual!University!(AVU)!to!develop,!deliver!and!manage!quality!ICT!
assisted!tertiary!education!and!training!opportunities!in!science!and!technology!programs.!
Funded!by!the!African!development!bank,!it!builds!on!the!Phase!I!project!by!consolidating!its!
gains!and!spreading!its!benefits.!A!total!number!of!27!Partnering!Institutions!(PIs)!in!21!African!
countries!are!beneficiaries.!!Some!of!the!targets!of!Phase!II!of!the!project!are:!(i)!establishment!
or!Upgrade!of!ODeL!Centres!&!internet!connectivity!(ii)!collaboration!of!18!Partnering!
Institutions!in!designing!and!development!of!Applied!Computer!Science!Program!(ACSP)!(iii)!
development!of!a!4!module!selfHlearning!Peace!Management!and!Conflict!Resolution!program,!
as!an!open!program!accessible!to!all!institutions!and!(iv)!other!crossHcutting!activities!such!as!
research!and!development!in!ODeL,!award!of!Scholarships,!OER!sensitization,!holding!of!
workshops,!networking,!as!well!as!revise!and!enhance!Quality!Assurance!framework!.!
!
!
Take*Aways*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!83!!!
• In!Phase!I,!the!AfDB!funded!Multinational!Support!Project!II!helped!to!strengthen!the!
capacity!of!partner!institutions!notably!in!the!design,!development!and!delivery!of!ICT!
integrated!Teacher!Education!Programs!in!Math!and!Science!and!in!setHup!of!ODeL!
centers!
• In!Phase!II,!the!project!is!being!extended!to!a!new!set!of!partner!institutions!(27)!and!
countries!(21)!to!strengthen!the!capacity,!to!develop,!deliver!and!manage!quality!ICT!
integrated!programs!in!teacher!education,!computer!science!and!offer!professional!
development!modules!in!ODeL!;!and!in!research!and!development.!!
!
17.2. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*Open*University*Tanzania*B*Joint*AVU/OUT*ICT*Basic*Skills*Program*
Presenter(s):%Prof.%Eliphas%Bisanda%DVC%Academic,%Open%University%of%Tanzania%*
The!presenter!began!by!pointing!out!that!OUT!and!AVU!had!a!shared!vision!of!leveraging!the!use!
of!ICTs!in!order!to!expand!access!to!higher!education!in!Tanzania!using!the!ICT!facilities!availed!
to!OUT!by!the!Teacher!Education!programme!as!well!as!the!facilities!available!at!OUT!regional!
centres!and!in!selected!Teachers!College.!The!AVU!and!Partnering!Institutions!(PI)!have!
developed!73!modules!to!enhance!the!teaching!of!science!in!secondary!schools.!Secondary!
school!teachers!have!been!trained!through!a!Training!of!Trainers!(TOT)!program!that!intends!to!
equip!them!with!ICT!skills!in!order!to!be!able!to!use!these!modules,!improve!the!quality!of!
teaching!and!learning!in!secondary!schools,!have!easy!access!to!digital!knowledge,!sustain!
student’s!interest!in!science!subjects!and!also!be!able!to!reach!more!students.!In!addition,!the!
project!aims!at!increasing!enrolment!of!secondary!schools!and!teacher!training!colleges,!
particularly!for!science!subjects,!expanding!education!and!training!opportunities!to!
disadvantaged!groups!and!contribute!to!the!attainment!of!Millennium!Development!Goals!in!
Tanzania.!OUT!program!was!rolled!out!by!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!working!in!
conjunction!with!the!AVU!and!Ministry!of!Education.!At!the!end!of!the!training,!participants!
agreed!that!they!gained!a!lot!from!the!training.!However,!they!regretted!the!short!duration!of!
training.*
*
Take*Aways*
• Training!period!allocated!may!need!to!be!extended!since!participants!indicated!that!the!
time!was!short.!!
• Topics!that!have!direct!application!to!participants!teaching!career!were!found!very!
useful!and!included!database,!multimedia,!desktop!publishing,!and!practice!of!
integrating!ICT!in!Education.!!
!
17.3. AVU*Phase*1*at*the*University*of*Zimbabwe:*The*AVU*Capacity*Enhancement*Program*
(ACEP)**
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!84!!!
Presenter(s):%Prof.%Chipo%Dyanda,%Pro9Vice%Chancellor,%University%of%Zimbabwe%%The!program!was!designed!to!equip!lecturers!in!skills!of!design!and!delivery.!The!training!was!
necessitated!by!migration!of!science!teachers!to!neighboring!countries!like!Namibia!and!South!
Africa.!A!diverse!team!assists!in!the!implementation!within!the!university!framework.!Cascading!
priority!focused!on!teachers!colleges.!The!greatest!impact!was!felt!in!Bachelor!of!Science!
Mathematics!program.!Partner!institution!teachers!colleges!appreciated!the!program!and!
primary!colleges!have!set!up!ODeL!Centers!as!a!result!of!this!program.!The!lessons!learned!were!
good!grounding!is!important!in!ODeL;!connectivity!is!still!a!challenge;!the!role!of!the!core!team!
is!important!in!implementation!of!the!program;!and!it!is!important!to!include!representatives!of!
various!faculties!to!increase!support.!
Take*Aways*
• Selection!of!core!team!should!be!done!carefully!since!their!role!is!important!in!the!
success!of!implementation.!!
• Representation!from!various!faculties!will!increase!support.!
!
17.4. AVU*Phase*I*at*Universite*Cheikh*Anta*Diop,*Senegal:*The*Teacher*Education*Program**
*Presenter(s):%Ibrahima%Niang,%Universite%Cheikh%Anta%Diop,%Senegal%*
The!project!was!necessary!as!the!impact!of!poor!quality!teaching!was!felt!as!a!result!of!many!
untrained!teachers!at!various!levels!of!education.!AVU!partnered!with!the!university!and!was!
able!to!train!teachers!in!2!phases.!The!program!was!geared!at!putting!in!place!training!tools!for!
teachers,!particularly!in!calculus!and!mathematics.!A!broader!program!resulted!in!phase!2!of!the!
project.!Success!is!based!on!the!governance!and!organization!of!the!program.!A!national!
coordinator!was!assigned!the!task!to!support!the!program.!Most!faculties!from!universities!
made!up!the!implementation!team.!Implementation!cascaded!from!the!trained!teachers!back!to!
the!various!regions!and!institution!where!they!were!based.!More!than!13,000!teachers!have!
been!trained!at!the!national!level,!a!number!that!would!have!taken!the!government!10!years.!
While!the!project!was!initiated!by!AVU!there!was!a!lot!of!government!support.!The!rate!of!
success!was!high!compared!to!previous!training!models.!The!project!increased!the!number!of!
trained!teachers!with!an!85%!success!rate.!ODeL!will!be!put!in!place!in!the!university.!There!will!
be!use!of!integrated!learning!with!both!online!and!face!to!face!teaching!model.!There!will!be!a!
team!of!support!from!government,!technological!experts!and!pedagogical!groups.!Faculty!teams!
will!be!put!in!place!to!develop!ODeL!programs.!!
Take*Aways*
• Government!support!was!a!critical!factor!in!significantly!scaling!the!AVU!Teacher!
Education!program!and!training!more!teachers.!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!85!!!
• ODeL!policy!and!capacity!strengthening!needed!for!success!and!sustainability.!!
*
Session+9:+Curriculum/Program+Development++
Chair:*Prof.!Bendita!Donaciano,!Universidade!Pedagogica,!Moçambique!
17.5. Students’*understanding*of*research*as*praxis*in*a*distance*education*postgraduate*programme*
Presenters(s):%Prof%William%Fraser,%University%of%Pretoria%South%Africa%*
The!presenter!pointed!out!that!the!main!purpose!of!the!study!was!to!determine!how!distance!
learners!perceive!research!as!praxis!and!to!understand!how!a!supervised!research!project!can!
be!managed!to!meet!the!requirements!of!the!distance!higher!education.!He!presented!
quantitative!results!of!the!study!that!was!conducted!in!!2011!with!those!sampled!drawn!from!
Gauteng!Province,!Eastern!Cape,!Mpumalanga!Province,!the!Free!State!and!the!Western!Cape!in!
South!Africa.!They!comprised!of!practicing!teachers!and!school!managers!enrolled!for!a!BEd!
programme!in!Education!Management!and!Policy!Studies.!The!study’s!findings!revealed!the!
importance!of!research!for!the!promotion!of!critical!thinking.!It!also!illuminated!other!factors!
such!as!professional!development!through!research,!the!development!of!learners!as!
researchers,!and!teachers’!resistance!and!reservations!towards!research.!Overall,!the!results!
illustrated!how!students!were!introduced!to!research!by!the!managers!and!the!pitfalls!of!such!
an!intervention.!The!presenter!pointed!out!that!despite!students’!understanding!of!research!
praxis,!many!of!them!still!did!poorly!in!research!projects!with!a!likelihood!of!delaying!to!
graduate.!
*
Takeaways*
• Research!is!key!in!critical!thinking,!professional!development!and!development!of!
learners!as!researchers.!
• Many!students!still!do!poorly!in!research!projects!despite!their!understanding!of!
research!praxis.*
*
17.6. Le*locuteur*natif*à*distance,*une*alternative*à*l’assistant*pour*l’apprentissage*autodirigé*des*langues*étrangères*(The*native*speaker,*an*alternative*assistant*to*the*selfB
directed*learning*of*foreign*languages)*
Presenter(s):%Jacinto%Cipriano%Banze%Junior,%Universidade%Pedagógica,%Moçambique%%There!is!currently!difficulty!in!learning!languages!because!in!any!learning!system!there!is!always!
a!primary!role!for!someone!in!the!course.!The!project's!aim!is!to!help!people!to!understand!and!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!86!!!
learn!the!language!with!the!help!of!native!speakers.!The!presenter!talked!about!a!selfHdirected!
system!of!learning!that!was!established!at!the!Department!of!French!at!the!Teaching!University!
in!Beira,!Mozambique!in!2005!in!which!the!trainees!learned!by!themselves!using!authentic!
documents!and!interacting!with!native!speakers.!He!said!that!since!the!number!of!native!
speakers!in!Beira!is!low,!they!put!in!place!a!distance!conversation!program!with!the!help!of!a!
video!conference!tool!called!Ooovo,!which!looks!like!Skype,!is!free!but!has!more!advantages!as!
you!can!record!discussions!for!more!than!20!minutes.!This!tool!is!however!not!downloadable.!
According!to!the!presenter!this!innovation!was!in!response!to!the!current!demand!for!the!use!of!
ICT!in!educational!systems.!SelfHlearning!alternatives!were!developed!and!these!focused!on!
distance!learning.!Language!assistants!were!involved!and!native!speakers!were!preferred.!
Students!may!learn!alone!with!native!documents!but!need!to!evaluate!learning!and!to!
authenticate!with!local!speakers.!Native!speakers!are!responsible!for!helping!the!learner!with!
support!to!develop!competencies!and!develop!learning!capacity.!There!are!two!rules!in!selfH
learning,!language!format!and!communication!partner.!Native!persons!understand!cultural!
information!and!learn!with!culture.!A!communication!partner!who!is!the!native!person!had!to!
have!interaction!with!learner.!The!presenter!argued!that!analysis!of!data!obtained!from!
broadcast!discussions!allowed!them!to!conclude!that!the!trainers!and!the!native!speakers!were!
able!to!carry!out!their!tasks!in!the!target!language.!Conclusion,!we!may!be!losing!out!on!selfH
training!programs!in!development!of!learning!of!foreign!languages!e.g.!French,!Portuguese,!
English!etc.,!in!future!we!need!to!put!structures!to!develop!video!for!selfHlearning!in!the!
platform!and!improve!interaction,!it!is!important!to!work!with!partners!in!collaboration.!!
*
Takeaways*
• It!is!possible!for!language!learners!to!use!selfHdirected!learning!systems!such!as!Oovo,!a!
videoHconference!tool,!to!interact!with!native!speaker!of!another!language!hence!be!
able!to!learn!without!the!traditional!assistance!from!a!tutor.!!
!
*
13.3* The*design*and*development*of*the*diploma*program*on*social*enterprise*and*
development:*Towards*an*open*learning*policy*
Presenter(s):%Jos.%H.A.N.%Rikers,%Open%Universiteit,%The%Netherlands%&%Alberto%Parise,%Tangaza%University%College,%ISMM,%Kenya%!
The!presenter!explained!that!the!Social!Entrepreneurship!collaboration!project!between!
Tangaza!University!College/ISMM!and!the!Dutch!Open!Universiteit!!focused!on!the!innovation!of!
the!teaching!policy!at!the!Nairobi!based!institution,!with!ISMM!targeting!professionals!
interested!in!the!field!of!social!transformation!for!human!dignity!and!social!justice.!It!is!a!
diploma!designed!to!cater!for!upgrading!informal!sector!entrepreneurs.!!Program!requires!the!
learner!to!write!their!own!business!plan!as!a!parallel!activity.!It!is!transfer!from!theory!to!
practice!in!individual!business.!A!workshop!was!organized!to!identify!a!design!framework!that!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!87!!!
was!discussed!with!lecturers!for!consensus.!According!to!him,!the!institute!therefore!had!to!
adopt!an!adult!education!concept.!He!further!pointed!out!that!the!project’s!main!objective!was!
to!monitor!the!process!of!curriculum!design!and!development!for!eHlearning!based!materials!for!
one!diploma!program,!as!well!as!to!collect!evidence!and!practical!experience!for!further!policy!
development!and!implementation.!Some!of!the!conclusions!drawn!from!the!project!were!that:!
(i)!shift!to!eHlearning!required!organizational!changes!(ii)!special!attention!was!needed!for!
student!support!and!(iii)!for!staff!training.!He!also!indicated!that!there!was!strong!support!for!
(iv)!the!curriculum!development!ambition,!(v)!the!use!of!ICT!and!MultiHMedia!based!learning,!
(vi)!support!for!the!design!based!on!the!software!EMERGO,!and!(vii)!the!use!of!OER,!although!
not!fully!understood.!
!
Takeaways*
• Shift!to!eHlearning!requires!organizational!changes.!
• Special!attention!is!needed!for!student!support!and!for!staff!training!in!eHlearning.!*
*
+
Session+10:+OER+Crowdsourcing+Panel+Presentation+
Chair*Mary%Lou%Forward,%Executive!Director!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!
17.7. CrossBcultural*crowdsourcing:*A*method*for*sharing*OERs*across*language*barriers*
!Presenter(s):%Griff%Richards%PhD,%African%Virtual%University,%Nairobi,%Kenya%!
The!presenter!pointed!out!that!crowdsourcing!was!vital!to!AVU!as!a!method!for!sharing!OERs!
across!language!barriers.!Although!AVU!supports!postHsecondary!education!in!Africa!in!three!
languages,!English,!French!and!Portuguese,!and!had!73!modules!of!Phase!I!AVU!Multinational!
Project!translated!into!all!the!three!languages,!there!was!need!to!find!a!better!way!to!translate!
AVU!documents!because!the!translation!process!was!very!expensive,!very!slow!and!missed!
nuances!of!scientific!jargon.!The!presenter!proposed!several!possible!ways!of!mitigating!these!
challenges.!He!noted!that!just!like!in!the!case!of!Wikipedia!which!uses!collaborative!writing!
through!volunteers!who!manage!pages,!guard!against!vandalism,!and!create!!content,!AVU!!
could!explore!a!similar!approach!by!having!1%!of!the!AVU!materials!users!to!help!with!
translations!in!order!to!get!better,!faster!translations.!!
The!other!possibility!was!that!of!a!using!a!wiki!community!since!a!lot!of!people!are!able!to!bring!
a!lot!of!expertise.!It!was!also!good!because!of!availability!of!writers,!reviewers!and!translators.!
However,!the!presenter!noted!that!the!use!of!wiki!community!too!had!some!challenges.!For!
instance,!quality!assurance!standards!were!required!and!there!was!need!to!know!how!to!
coordinate!or!direct!efforts!where!required.!He!also!stressed!that!since!translation!can!be!
complex,!it!also!needs!workflows!to!keep!track!of!progress!and!problems.!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!88!!!
The!other!option!was!that!of!crowdsourcing.!The!presenter!described!crowdsourcing!as!the!
recruitment!and!coordination!of!pieceHmeal!work!across!the!internet!to!achieve!a!goal.!He!
highlighted!some!of!its!advantages!as!its!ability!to:!(i)!speed!up!content!creation!(ii)!get!clients!
and!collaborators!involved!(iii)!get!target!audience!involved!(iv)!offer!diversity!and!creative!
choice!and!(v)!drive!development!of!scalable!processes.!According!to!the!presenter,!the!
“wisdom!of!crowds”!in!crowdsourcing!promoted!diversity,!independence!of!individual!opinions!
(less!impacted!by!others!in!the!group),!decentralization!and!aggregation.!However,!some!of!the!
issues!in!crowdsourcing!he!said!should!be!addressed!were!the!recruitment!of!the!right!people,!
microHtasking!to!assign!tasks!and!check!redundancy,!and!its!strategic!management!!so!as!to!
build!both!the!community!and!capacity!!in!a!sustainable!way.!He!also!gave!examples!of!previous!
and!present!efforts!of!crowdsourcing!initiatives.!!
The!presentation!concluded!by!outlining!the!following!steps!that!AVU!should!take!in!
crowdsourcing:!(i)!talk!with!others!who!are!working!on!this!already!(ii)!Create!and!Prototype!
technical!structures!(iii)!enable!others!to!use!its!processes!to!expand!the!communities!served!
(iv)!add!analytics!to!highlight!issues!and!to!recognize!the!contributors!and!(v)!look!for!other!
ways!of!using!crowdsourcing!to!build!and!maintain!curricula.!!
!
!
17.8. Volunteer*translation*of*open*textbooks*in*South*Africa*Presenter(s):%%Bridget%Nash,%Siyavula%Education,%Cape%Town,%South%Africa%!
This!presentation!focused!on!Siyavula,!a!social!enterprise!built!on!community,!openness!and!
technology,!which!aimed!at!making!high!quality!educational!resources!available!to!every!learner!
and!teacher!in!South!Africa.!It!used!a!local!version!of!the!open!source!crowdsourcing!translation!
website,!Transifex.!!According!to!the!presenter,!they!had!over!300!volunteers!whom!they!
worked!with!to!translate!books!into!local!South!African!languages!on!Transifex.!!These!
volunteers!were,!honours!students,!Masters!students,!PhD!students,!lecturers,!senior!lecturers,!
educators!and!people!in!industry.!The!presenter!stated!that!whatever!Siyavula!produced!was!
free!and!open!to!the!community.!Some!of!the!advantages!of!community!translation!were!
pointed!out!as!follows:!(i)!translation!could!be!fast!(ii)!community!building!(iii)!the!quality!of!the!
work!was!good!and!(iv)!it!was!costHsaving.!However,!the!presenter!pointed!out!that!the!process!
might!be!slow,!quality!of!translation!of!a!book!chapter!might!differ!and!that!it!sometimes!led!to!
lower!quality!work!depending!on!who!they!worked!with.!
!
17.9. Crowdsourcing*video*translations*for*a*global*network*for*health*education*Presenter(s):%Kathleen%Ludewig%Omollo,%University%of%Michigan,%Ann%Arbor,%USA%!
The!presenter!began!by!underscoring!the!need!to!be!able!to!reach!a!multilingual!international!
audience!in!health!education.!She!gave!the!example!of!African!Health!Open!Educational!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!89!!!
Resources!(OER)!Network!(coordinated!by!the!University!of!Michigan!and!Saide/OER!Africa!and!
working!in!conjunction!with!several!African!partner!universities)!advanced!health!education!in!
Africa!by!creating!and!promoting!free,!openly!licensed!teaching!materials!created!by!Africans!to!
share!knowledge,!identifying!and!addressing!curriculum!gaps!and!bridging!health!education!
communities.!However,!by!2012!the!challenge!was!that!most!of!the!learning!resources!were!
only!in!English.!According!to!the!presenter,!it!was!in!response!to!this!challenge!that!they!aimed!
to!make!their!materials!available!to!a!wider!audience!of!learners!around!the!world!from!January!
2013!by!way!of!having!them!translated.!In!order!to!achieve!this!they!had!to!contend!with!
several!considerations:!(i)!Policy!(ii)!Social!and!(iii)!Technical.!At!the!policy!level,!there!were!
issues!to!do!with!privacy,!copyright,!resources!and!quality!assurance.!Some!of!the!social!
considerations!included!how!to!select!learning!resource(s)!with!multiHcultural!appeal,!divide!
learning!resource(s)!into!segments,!provide!source!language,!identify!and!recruit!multilingual!
talent.!To!date!this!material!has!been!translated!into!many!languages.!!From!the!Michigan!
experience!the!presenter!concluded!that!CrowdHsourcing!is!a!feasible!option!to!translate!
educational!content,!including!technical!topics!such!as!microbiology,!public!health,!and!
medicine!
!
!
Takeaways*on*OER*Crowdsourcing*Panel*Presentations*
• Crowdsourcing!is!vital!to!AVU!in!sharing!OERs!across!language!barriers.!
• Crowdsourcing!speeds!up!content!creation.!!
• Crowdsourcing!gets!clients!and!collaborators!involved.!!
• Crowdsourcing!gets!target!audience!involved.!
• Crowdsourcing!offers!diversity!and!creative!choice.!
• !Crowdsourcing!drives!development!of!scalable!processes.!
• AVU!should!talk!with!others!who!are!already!working!in!crowdsourcing.!
• AVU!should!create!and!prototype!technical!structures.!
• AVU!should!enable!others!to!use!its!processes!to!expand!the!communities!served.!
• AVU!should!add!analytics!to!highlight!issues!and!to!recognize!the!contributors.!
• AVU!should!look!for!other!ways!of!using!crowdsourcing!to!build!and!maintain!curricula.!!
!
Session+11:+High+Level+Panel+on+OER+&+MOOCs+
*
Chair:*Larry%Cooperman,!President,!OpenCourseWare!Consortium!
!
17.10. Licensing*Open*Educational*Resources*Presenter(s):%Dr.%Ignasi%Labastida,%University%of%Barcelona%and%Creative%Commons,%Spain%*
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!90!!!
The!presenter!began!his!presentation!by!sharing!some!current!copyright!situations!in!Spain!
where!3!public!universities!have!been!sued!for!copyright!infringement!with!a!settlement!fine!of!
USD!one!million.!This!illustrated!that!copyright!affects!us!all!in!our!day!to!day!activities.!In!the!
same!way!copyright!laws!restrict!broad!and!free!use!of!educational!resources.!
In!Spain!for!example!one!is!only!allowed!to!use!small!segments!of!someone’s!work.!Currently!
there!is!very!limited!use!of!legal!notice!in!the!web!but!that!actually!means!"full!copyright"!as!
opposed!to!"open'.!The!term!‘share’!can!be!equated!to!‘allow!use’!while!‘open’!may!not!
necessarily!mean!availability.!A!tool!is!needed!in!the!form!of!any!license!to!enable!reHuse!of!
material.!
The!concept!of!Creative!Commons!was!established!more!than!10!years!ago.!MIT!
OPENCOURSEWARE/creative!commons!(cc)!is!a!full!set!of!license!for!authors!who!want!to!share!
their!work.!He!emphasized!the!importance!of!knowing!how!to!choose!a!license.!Wikipedia!has!a!
creative!commons!license!that!allows!commercial!use.!It!is!important!to!show!clear!restriction!
when!applying!creative!commons!licenses.!He!speculated!on!if!a!special!license!for!OER!should!
be!developed.!However,!he!observed!that!in!the!education!world!we!should!always!allow!
derivatives!and!sharing.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!on!the!need!to!build!and!share!a!new!
educational!ecosystem.!
Take*Aways*
• The!Internet!and!technology!have!transformed!how!people!learn.!Educational!resources!
are!no!longer!static!and!scarce,!but!digital!and!freely!accessible.!Teachers!and!learners!
everywhere!can!access!worldHclass!materials!and!participate!in!their!creation!and!
evolution.!The!potential!impact!of!digitally!enabled!education!is!huge,!but!is!also!
hindered!by!current!legal!and!technical!restrictions.!Copyright!laws!usually!restrict!a!
broad!free!use!for!educational!purposes,!!
• Creative!Commons!provides!the!tools!necessary!to!overcome!these!restrictions,!opening!
up!educational!resources!so!that!they!are!not!only!accessible,!but!adaptable,!
interoperable!and!discoverable!Hhelping!to!realize!the!full!benefits!of!digitally!enabled!
education.!Read!more!in!Creative!Commons!and!Open!Educational!Resources!(OER).!
!
17.11. Tufts*University*Commitment*to*Open*Access*and*EBlearning*
Presenter(s):%Diafuka%Saila9Ngita,%VMD,%PhD,%Tufts%Cummings%School%of%Veterinary%Medicine**!
The!presenter!introduced!an!open!initiative!dubbed!Tusk!—!Tufts!University!Sciences!
knowledgebase!(opentusk.org),!implemented!to!assist!in!teaching!and!development!of!courses!
and!curriculum!mapping.!He!highlighted!the!importance!of!accreditation!in!quality!education.!
Tusk!ensures!that!content!is!linked!to!competencies!and!helps!in!accreditation!and!how!a!
program!is!being!managed.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!91!!!
Sharing!of!materials!improves!quality!of!education!and!faculty!collaboration!is!necessary!across!
institutions!and!between!academia!and!government!entities.!The!OHCEA!university!network!was!
initiated!to!promote!the!concept!of!one!health!and!working!together!for!emerging!diseases.!
Tufts!can!provide!this!through!deployed!experts,!faulty!collaborations!and!enhancing!academia.!
He!singled!out!an!exchange!Master’s!Program!between!university!of!Lubumbashi!DRC!and!Tufts!
where!both!faculties!were!able!to!collaborate!for!the!benefit!of!students.!
In!conclusion,!he!observed!that!Africa!has!the!ability!to!produce!content!of!value!to!other!
continents!through!eLearning.!
Take*Aways*
• Africa!can!produce!content!of!value!to!other!continents!
• EHlearning!can!generate!useful!faculty!collaboration!
• Even!under!current!ICT!limited!infrastructure,!it!is!possible!to!implement!eHlearning!
!
*
17.12. The*Open*Strategy*of*Delft*University*of*Technology*Presenter(s):%Willem%Van%Valkenburg,%Delft%University%of%Technology%in%the%Netherlands%!
The!presenter!opened!with!a!quote!from!the!vice!president!of!Education!at!Delft!University!and!
the!initiator!of!the!open!strategy!at!Delft,!that!“Open!and!online!education!allows!people!from!
the!world!access!to!the!top!education!of!TU!Delft.”!He!then!outlined!the!objectives!of!the!open!
education!team!at!Delft!which!includes!publishing!and!managing!high!quality!open!education,!
collaboration!with!national!and!international!partners,!promoting!the!application!of!open!
education!and!to!be!innovative!in!open!education.!
He!then!briefly!mentioned!the!university's!involvement!with!the!OpenCourseWare!(OCW)!
consortium!which!started!in!2007!and!currently!has!120!courses!online!that!are!in!use!and!reH
use!around!the!globe!including!in!developing!countries.!EDx!is!also!a!consortium!of!top!
universities!focused!on!improving!campus!education!with!a!focus!on!open!education,!research!
and!innovation!in!education.!There!are!six!principles!that!MOOCs!need!to!adhere!to,!namely,!
recognizable,!innovative,!inspiring,!understandable!and!reliable.!
In!conclusion!he!outlined!the!University's!strategy!which!is!expected!to!expand!and!diversify!
online!education,!strengthen!collaboration!with!partners!and!adopt!online!modules!for!blended!
learning.!
Take*Aways*
• The!open!strategy!of!Delft!University!of!Technology!is!to!expand!and!diversify!online!
education,!strengthen!collaboration!with!partners!and!adopt!online!modules!for!
blended!learning.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!92!!!
!
17.13. Georgia*Tech's*OMS*CS:*Smart*Partnerships*Building*Better*Education*
%Presenter(s):%Charles%Isbell,%Senior%Associate%Dean,%Georgia%Institute%of%Technology%!
Dr.!Bell!began!his!presentation!with!the!Institution’s!strategy!to!move!from!MOOCs!(Massive!
Open!Online!Courses)!to!MOODs!(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees).!The!OMS!CS!program!is!an!
affordable!degree!in!Computer!Science.!This!program!had!reduced!in!price!to!6600!USD!from!42!
000!USD.!Georgia!Tech!had!developed!partnerships!with!Udacity!and!AT&T.!The!program!was!
announced!in!May!2003!and!will!run!36!credit!hours!in!12!classes!and!15!specializations.!
!
On!why!the!University!is!venturing!into!MOODs,!the!presenter!stated!that!the!university!felt!it!
was!the!right!time!for!this!effort!to!provide!education!worldwide.!The!faculty!felt!that!there!was!
enough!in!terms!of!quality!experience!and!community!of!people!willing!to!advance!the!efforts.!
Donors!are!ready!to!fund!and!partner!in!such!initiatives!and!it!is!important!to!reach!out!to!the!IT!
world!for!a!support!infrastructure.!There!has!been!overwhelming!reaction!in!both!positive!and!
negative!with!a!lot!of!controversy!surrounding!MOOCS.!This!is!unchartered!territory!and!there!is!
tremendous!opportunity!to!reach!out!to!the!world.!In!conclusion!he!emphasized!the!importance!
of!building!partnerships!with!universities,!companies!and!other!parties!for!students!to!succeed.!
%!
Take*Aways*
• MOOCs!as!a!strategy,!can!significantly!lower!the!cost!of!accessing!!a!degree!from!well!
established!programs!as!indicated!in!the!presentation!from!Georgia!Tech!University,!
USA.!Using!MOODs!(Massive!Open!Online!Degrees)!Georgia!Tech!was!able!to!
significantly!lower!the!cost!of!getting!a!master’s!degree!in!Computer!Science.!
!
Session+12:+Keynote:+The+Online+Revolution:+Education+for+Everyone+
%The*Online*Revolution:*Education*for*Everyone!Presenter:%Daphne%Koller,%Stanford%University;%Co9Founder%and%co9CEO,%Coursera%Chair:*Dr.%Mor%SECK,%Manager/Director!Senegal!Distance!Learning!Centre!&!President!of!the!
Association!of!African!Distance!Learning!Centres!
!
This!presentation!was!delivered!by!Daphne!Koller!virtually!through!Skype.!In!her!presentation,!
Daphne!introduced!Coursera!as!an!Online!revolution!started!in!September!2011!with!the!largest!
class!currently!having!400!students.!Initially!it!was!available!to!only!to!a!small!number!of!people!
and!involved!4!universities.!The!network!has!now!expanded!to!35!of!the!top!60!universities!
including!number!one!and!number!two!institutions!in!the!world.!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!93!!!
The!program!started!with!computer!science!courses!and!has!now!expanded!to!other!courses.!3!
centers!in!Africa!are!in!Juba,!Kakamega!and!Cairo.!Principle!features!of!Coursera!focus!on!autoH
graded!homework!and!exercises,!peer!grading,!creative!assignments,!open!discussions!around!
assignments!and!student!study!groups.!Learning!hubs!have!been!created!all!over!the!world!in!24!
countries!and!across!5!continents.!She!demonstrated!how!the!"signature!track",!a!program!that!
has!a!tracking!software!with!verified!credential!improves!completion!rates!in!most!online!
courses.!
In!conclusion,!she!shared!statements!of!accomplishments!of!students!who!had!initially!been!
unable!to!access!quality!education!but!through!enrolling!Coursera!had!managed!to!accomplish!
their!goals.!
Take+Aways+
• MOOCs!initiatives!like!Cousera!make!it!possible!to!spread!education!from!leading!
universities!like!Stanford!to!students!in!any!country,!from!any!age!group!and!from!any!
walk!of!life,!all!they!need!is!to!have!access!to!the!internet.!!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!94!!!
!
18. Closing%Ceremony%%!
Closing*Remarks:*Dr.*Atieno*Adala,*AVU*
Dr.!Atieno!Adala!declared!the!conference!a!success!and!commended!everyone!for!having!
contributed!and!participated!in!the!forum.!Presenters!were!requested!to!send!in!their!papers!
for!publication.!She!assured!delegates!that!all!presentations!would!be!uploaded!and!accessible!
online.!
Vote*of*thanks:*Mr.*Stefan*Muller*on*behalf*of*Mr.*Negatu,*African*Development*Bank*
On!behalf!of!the!Regional!Director,!the!AfDB!representative!Mr.!Stefan!Muller,!Lead!Economist!
of!the!African!Development!Bank!thanked!all!delegates!for!their!active!participation!and!stated!
that!AfDB!was!pleased!to!be!part!of!the!process!that!led!to!a!successful!conference.!He!lauded!
the!project!as!important!in!improving!higher!learning!in!Africa.!AfDB!hopes!that!the!delegates!
will!take!back!home!and!implement!the!resolutions!of!the!conference.!This!initiative!is!in!line!
with!AfBD's!10!year!strategy!to!improve!skills!in!technology!and!education!on!the!continent.!In!
conclusion!he!stated!that!Africa's!expanding!ICT!revolution!will!advance!the!eLearning!agenda.!
Vote*of*thanks:*Prof!Felix!Chiedu!Mafiana,*Director*Quality*Assurance*National*Universities*Commission,*Nigeria*
Prof.!Mafiana!expressed!optimism!that!there!would!be!continued!partnerships!with!the!African!
Union!Commission!and!thanked!the!government!of!Kenya!for!hosting!the!AVU!conference!and!
granting!diplomatic!status!to!the!institution.!He!thanked!the!Ministry!of!Education!for!taking!
part!and!sending!their!Director!of!Higher!Education!to!represent!the!cabinet!secretary.!He!
wished!the!country!well!as!they!celebrated!their!50!years!of!independence.!In!recognition!of!the!
Westgate!massacre!he!requested!the!participants!to!observe!one!minute!silence!in!respect!of!
the!victims.!
He!lauded!the!efforts!of!the!AfDB!in!providing!the!financial!support!that!made!the!event!a!
success!and!hoped!for!their!continued!support.!He!thanked!members!of!Board!and!the!AVU!
management!on!the!guidance!received!which!would!go!a!long!way!to!improve!institutions.!He!
appreciated!the!AVU!Rector!and!thanked!him!for!the!capacity!to!galvanize!human!and!material!
resources!in!both!the!AVU!initiative!and!the!conference.!
He!acknowledged!that!problems!of!access!were!highlighted!at!the!beginning!of!the!conference!
in!all!African!countries!and!challenged!governments!to!contend!with!challenges!of!high!demand.!
He!added!that!we!should!embrace!new!technologies!as!they!come.!He!invited!all!partner!
universities!to!make!efforts!on!the!ground!to!help!the!AVU!fly!higher.!Vice!Chancellors!should!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!95!!!
ensure!the!initiatives!do!not!die.!This!would!depend!on!the!activities!that!they!will!undertake!
going!forward.!
In!conclusion,!he!recognized!the!efforts!of!the!international!partners!from!America,!Europe!and!
Asia!and!thanked!them!for!sharing!experiences!and!invited!all!partners!to!adopt!ideas!that!were!
appropriate!to!their!situation.!
Closing*Remarks:*Bakary!Diallo,!Rector!AVU*
Dr.!Diallo!thanked!the!African!Development!Bank!who!has!a!shared!vision!on!how!to!take!
education!forward!in!Africa!by!focusing!on!science!and!technology.!He!stated!that!it!was!
gratifying!for!AVU!to!see!the!good!attendance!in!the!first!international!Conference!of!AVU.!He!
referred!to!it!as!a!'great!experience'!and!hoped!that!everyone!had!enjoyed!the!forum.!AVU!is!
looking!forward!to!feedback!to!improve!the!next!conference!to!be!held!in!August!2014.!
Since!it!was!the!1st!conference!the!Rector!apologized!for!any!shortcomings!that!may!have!been!
experienced.!He!assured!participants!that!things!will!be!improved!in!the!next!conference.!He!
recognized!the!enormous!work!done!by!Dr.!Adala!in!organizing!the!conference,!a!process!that!
was!very!challenging.!In!conclusion!he!highlighted!the!online!journal!of!the!AVU!that!will!be!
having!several!issues!and!that!proposals!will!be!sought.!It!is!a!peer!reviewed!academic!journal!
and!all!partners!will!be!involved!in!quality!assurance,!specifically!in!partner!countries.!Finally!he!
declared!the!conference!officially!closed.!
*******************************!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!96!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
VI. Appendices+!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!97!!!
19. Program:%Outline%Time* PRECONFERENCE*B*WEDNESDAY*20
TH
**NOVEMBER! Venue*
08:30am*B*5:00pm! Registration!! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
09:00am*B*04:00pm! Digital!Poster!Display! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
08:30am*B*10:30am! Workshops!! Mara!North!&!Loita!!
10:30*B**11:00am! Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
11:00*–*01:00pm! Workshops! Mara!North!&!Loita!
01:00*B*2:00pm! Lunch! Poolside!
02:00*B*04:00pm! Workshops!! Mara!North!&!Loita!!
04:00*B*04:30pm! Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
05:00*B*07:00pm! WELCOME*RECEPTION* Mara!North*
* DAY*1***B*THURSDAY*21ST
**NOVEMBER** *
08:00*B*8:30am! Registration! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
09:00B*10:30AM* OPENING*CEREMONY**
H Opening!&!Introductions!(Dr.!Atieno!Adala,!
AVU)!
H Welcome!Address!(Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!Rector,!
AVU)!
H Opening!Remarks!(Mr.!Negatu,!Regional!
Director!AfDB)!
H Opening!Remarks!(African!Union)!
Keynote*Address:*Prof*Jacob*Kaimenyi,*CS,*Ministry*
of*Education,*Kenya*
Plenary*(Mara*Ballroom)*
10:30*B*11:00am! Group!Photo!
Tea/Coffee!Break!
Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
11:00*B*1:00pm! 3!Concurrent!Presentation!Sessions!H!Morning! Mara!North,!Mara!South,!
Loita!
01:00*B*2:00pm! Lunch! Poolside!
02:00*B*03:30pm! 3!Concurrent!Presentation!Sessions!H!Afternoon! Mara!North,!Mara!South,!
Loita!
03:30*B*04:00pm! Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
04:00*B*05:00pm! Session!Summary!from!Chairs! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!
06:30*B*10:00pm* RECTOR’S*DINNER** Plenary*(Mara*Ballroom)*
! DAY*2*B*FRIDAY*22ND
**NOVEMBER** *
08:00*B*08:30am! Registration! Ballroom!Foyer!
08:30*B*09:00am! Conference!Announcements!/Housekeeping! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!
09:00*–*10:30am! Panel!on!AVU!Multinational!Project!H!Morning! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!
10:30*B*11:00am! *Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer*
11:30am*B*1:00pm! 3!Concurrent!Presentation!Sessions!HMorning! Mara!North,!Mara!South,!
Loita!
01:00*B*02:00pm! Lunch! Poolside!
02:00*–*03:45pm! Panel!Session!on!OERs!&!MOOCs!–!Afternoon!! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!
03:45*B*04:00pm! Tea/Coffee!Break! Mara!Ballroom!Foyer!
04:00*–*05:00pm! Keynote!Address!Daphne!Koller!–!Cousera!! Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!
05:00*B*05:30pm* CONFERENCE*CLOSING*CEREMONY* Plenary!(Mara!Ballroom)!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!111!!!
23. Picture%Gallery%
! !!!!!
!
! !!
!!
!
!
Dr.!Beatrice!Khamati!Njenga,!Head!of!Education!Unit,!African!Union,!addressing!the!delegates!during!the!conference!opening!
!
The!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!addressing!the!delegates!during!the!opening!ceremony!of!the!conference!!
Dr.!Atieno!Adala,!AVU!Manager!Research!&!Development!&!
Conference!Chair!addressing!the!delegates!during!the!conference!opening!
Ms.!Fenny!W.S.!Mwakisha,!Director!Higher!Education,!Ministry!of!Education!Science!&!Technology,!Kenya,!addressing!delegates!during!the!conference!opening!
Delegates!taking!part!in!preconference!workshop!
Prof.!James!GlappaPGrossklag!(left),!!Dean!Educational!Technology!College!of!Canyons,!and!Ms.!Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo,!MSIS!International!Program!Manager,!University!of!Michigan!l,!facilitating!a!preconference!workshop!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!112!!!
!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!
Session!chairs!presenting!their!respective!session!summaries!at!the!plenary.!From!left:!Prof.!Makenya!A.H.!Maboko,!Deputy!VicePChancellor!Academic,!University!of!DarPesPsalaam,!Prof.!Aggrey!Abate,!VicePChancellor!University!of!Juba,!Prof.!Amadou!Boureima,!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques,!Université!Abdou!Mounouni!de!Niamey,!Prof.!Odai!Samuel!Nii,!VicePChancellor,!Kwameh!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology,!Prof.!Da!Cruz!Maxim,!1er!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques!et!de!la!recherche!universitaire!(VRAARU),!Université!d’AbomeyPCalavi,!Dr.!Taye!Tolemariam!Ejeta,!Deputy!VicePChancellor!Research,!Jimma!University!and!Prof.!!Mawuadem!Koku!Amedeker,!AG.!Director!Quality!Assurance!Unit,!University!of!Education,!Winneba,!Ghana!
AVU!Board!Members!introducing!themselves!to!the!delegates!during!the!Rector’s!dinner.!From!left!to!right!are:!Prof.!Ezra!Maritim,!CoPopted!Member!and!Chair!AVU!Finance!Committee,!Dr.!Gerard!Nkuzimana,!Member!and!Representative!for!Central!Africa,!Mr.!Larry!Cooperman,!CoPopted!Member!Representing!Academia,!Prof.!Joseph!Ajienka,!Member,!VicePChancellor!University!of!Port!Harcourt,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!the!AVU!Rector,!Prof.!Aggrey!Abate,!Member,!VicePChancellor!University!of!Juba!and!Prof.!Rogerio!Jose!Uthui,!Chair!of!the!AVU!Board!and!Representative!of!Southern!Africa!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!113!!!
!
! !!
! !!!
!
! !!!!
! !!
Prof.!Jean!Claude!Omer!Andrianamanana,!Directeur!!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo!presenting!a!paper!in!a!session!
Dr.!Juma!Hemed!Lungo,!lecturer!University!of!DarPesPsalaam,!presenting!a!paper!
Mr.!John!Kandiri!(left),!lecturer!Kenyatta!University,!in!a!
discussion!with!other!conference!participants!
Prof.!Maxime!Da!Cruz,!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques!et!de!la!recherche!universitaire,!Université!d’AbomeyPCalavi,!Benin,!keenly!following!conference!proceedings!
Dr.!Omar!Jah,!Deputy!VicePChancellor,!Administration!and!Finance,!University!of!the!Gambia,!chatting!with!a!delegate!during!tea!break!
Dr.!Taye!Tolemariam!Ejeta,!Deputy!VicePChancellor!Research,!Jimma!University,!chairing!a!conference!session!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!114!!!
! !
! !!!!
!
! !
! !!!!
!!
!
Dr.!Elias!Kaphesi,!lecturer!University!of!MalawiPThe!Polytechnic!presenting!a!paper!in!a!session!
Prof.!Ezra!Maritim!(right)!&!Prof!Abate,!AVU!Board!Members,!listening!to!presentations!
Mr.!Franklin!Mutahakana,!Senior!!Program!Officer,!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF),!presenting!a!paper!
The!Chair!AVU!Board,!Prof.!Rogerio!Jose!Uthui!(center)!flanked!by!the!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!at!conference!opening!
Ms.!Fenny!W.S.!Mwakisha,!Director!Higher!Education,!Ministry!of!Education!Science!&!Technology!(left),!Dr.!Beatrice!Khamati!Njenga,!Head!of!Education!Unit,!African!Union!and!the!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!sharing!a!light!moment!
Prof.!Aggrey!Abate!(left),!VicePChancellor!University!of!Juba,!chairing!a!session.!On!his!left!are!Mr.!Joel!S.!Mtebe,!lecturer,!University!of!DarPesPsalaam!and!Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara,!lecturer,!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!115!!!
!
! !!
!!!
!
!!
!
!
!!!
!
!
Prof.!Amadou!Boureima,!VicePRecteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques,!Université!Mounouni!de!Niamey,!charing!a!conference!session!
Mr.!Willem!Van!Valkenburg!(left),!Director!Open!Education,!Delft!University!of!Technology,!listening!to!presentations!and!Prof!Faisal!Mohamed!Elhag,!VicePChancellor!Open!University!of!Sudan!and!Representative!for!Northern!Africa!in!the!AVU!Board,!listening!to!presentations!
Dr.!Craig!Montgomerie!(left),!Professor!Emeritus,!University!of!Alberta,!Dr.!Griff!Richards,!AVU!Manager!Educational!Technology!&!Learning!Resources!and!Catherine!WangeciPThuo,!AVU!Project!Manager!MNP!II,!during!a!session!break!
!
Ms.!Bona!Mandera!(left),!lecturer!the!Virtual!University!of!Uganda!!and!!Ms.!Brenda!Mallinson,!Programme!Specialist!Learning!Technologies,!South!African!Institute!for!Distance!Education!(SIDE)!answering!questions!from!delegates!after!presenting!a!paper!
Delegates!!at!the!AVU!Rector’s!Gala!!dinner! Quitta!Ngoma!band!entertaining!the!delegates!during!the!Rector’s!dinner!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!116!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
The!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo,!AVU!Board!Members!and!delegates!pose!for!a!group!photo!
Delegates!listening!to!presentations!in!one!of!the!plenary!sessions!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!117!!!
!
!
!
!
Chief!Guest,!Mr.!Stefan!Muller,!Lead!Economist!African!development!Bank!(center)!flanked!by!!The!AVU!Rector,!Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!(seated!left)!and!Prof.!Mafiana!Chiedu!Felix,!Director!Quality!Assurance,!National!Universities!Commission,!Nigeria!(right)!at!conference!closing!ceremony!!
Prof.!Mafiana!Chiedu!Felix,!Director!Quality!Assurance,!National!Universities!Commission,!Nigeria,!giving!a!vote!of!thanks!at!conference!closing!ceremony!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!118!!!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
Delegates!sampling!delicacies!during!AVU!welcome!reception!
AVU%staff%introducing%themselves%at%the%welcome%reception.%From%left%to%right%are:%James%Wachira,%ICT%Assistant%Anglophone,%Tabitha%Wadegu,%Receptionist%Headquarters,%Julius%Abwao,%Administrative%Assistant,%Beverly%Isanjiri,%Human%Resources%Officer,%Alex%Malome,%Procurement%Officer,%Tom%Ojwang’,%Program%Officer,%Research,%Marilena%Cabral,%Manager%Academic%Programs,%Beldina%Shitandi,%Manager%Finance%&%Administration,%Atieno%Adala,%Manager%Research%and%Development,%Dominique%Diedhiou,%Manager%Information%Technology%and%Pape%Ndoye,%ICT%Program%Officer%Francophone%(Dakar%office)%%
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!119!!!
%
24. Terms%of%Reference%for%2013%1st%International%Conference%of%the%AVU%!
INTRODUCTION!
The! African! Virtual! University! (AVU)! www.avu.org! ! is! a! Pan! African! Intergovernmental!
Organization! established! by! charter! with! the! mandate! of! significantly! increasing! access! to!
quality!higher!education!and!training!through!the!innovative!use!of!information!communication!
technologies.!A!Charter,!establishing! the!AVU!as!an! Intergovernmental!Organization,!has!been!
signed! so! far! by! eighteen! (18)! African! Governments! P! Kenya,! Senegal,!Mauritania,!Mali,! Cote!
d’Ivoire,! Tanzania,! Mozambique,! Democratic! Republic! of! Congo,! Benin,! Ghana,! Republic! of!
Guinea,!Burkina!Faso,!Niger,!South!Sudan,!Sudan,!The!Gambia,!GuineaPBissau,!and!Nigeria.!The!
AVU!has! its!headquarters! in!Nairobi,! Kenya!and!a!Regional!office! in!Dakar! Senegal!with!HostP
Country!Agreements!and!Diplomatic!Status!with!the!two!governments.!
!
The!AVU!Business!Plan!200932014!has!two!main!thrusts:! (a)!Educational+and+support+services;!and! (b)!development+ services.! The+ development+ services! aims! at! building! the! capacity! of! AVU!
Partner!Institutions!(PIs)!with!an!objective!of!increasing!access!to!quality!education!through!the!
following! activities:! updating! and! developing! content;! Open! Educational! Resources! (OER)!
Development;! AVU! Capacity! Enhancement! Program! (ACEP);! set! up/upgrade! ODeL! centers;!
developing! professional! networks! through! Communities! of! Practices;! Research! and!
Development;!and!Quality!Evaluation!and!Benchmarking.!
Some! of! the! development! services! were! delivered! from! 2005! to! 2011! through! the! AVU!
Multinational!Project!I,!funded!by!the!African!Development!Bank!(AfDB)!and!implemented!in!10!
African!countries.!!
The! AfDB! is! funding! a! second! phase! of! the!Multinational! Project!which!will! build! on! the! first!
phase!and!will! extend! its! benefits! to!more! countries.! The!AVU!Multinational! Project! II!will! be!
implemented!in!27!AVU!Partner!Institutions!in!21!countries.!One!of!the!activities!of!the!project!
is!the!implementation!of!the!AVU!Research!and!Development!agenda.!!!
The! AVU! General! Assembly! held! in! 2010! recommended! that! AVU! implement! research! and!
development!as!part!of!its!main!activities.!It!was!therefore!important!for!the!AVU!to!launch!its!
research! and! activities! within! the! framework! of! the! Multinational! Project! II.! The! focus! for!
research! and! development! will! include:! (i)! curriculum! design! and! content! development;! (ii)!
program! delivery;! (iii)! open! distance! &! eLearning! as! mean! to! increase! access! to! quality!
education;! (iv)! science! and! technology! education! in! Africa;! (v)! educational! policies;! (vi)!
integration! of! ICT! in! Education;! (vii)! mobile! learning;! (vii)! gender! &! education,! especially! in!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!120!!!
science! &! technology;! and! (viii)! open! educational! resources.! ! An! online! open! peer! reviewed!
journal!will!be!launched.!!!
A. THE!1ST!INTERNATIONAL!CONFERENCE!OF!THE!AVU!!
The! theme! for! the!1st! International!Conference!of! the!AVU! is! Integrating+eLearning+and+Open+Education+to+Increase+Access+to+Quality+Education+and+Training+in+Africa.!See!call!for!papers!for!an! expanded! list! of! subPthemes.! Proposal! submissions! should! consider! the! challenges! and/or!
opportunities!that!the!integration!of!eLearning!and!Open!Education!afford!to!increase!access!to!
quality!education!and!training.!!
• Dates:!November!20P22nd!2013!• Location:!Nairobi,!Kenya!• Venue:!Hotel!Intercontinental!Nairobi!
!
B. CONFERENCE!OBJECTIVES!The!AVU!annual!conference!is!part!of!the!broader!AVU!research!and!development!
agenda.!This!1st!conference!seeks!to:!
• Provide!a!forum!for!scholars!and!academics!across!the!African!continent!and!globally!to!debate!and!exchange!ideas!on!research,!practice!and!policy!issues!presented!on!the!theme!and!subthemes!of!the!conference.!
• Engage!with!administrators!of!participating!institutions,!notably!DVCs!academics!or!their!chosen!representative!by!having!them!attend!the!conference.!
• Engage!with!the!ministries!by!having!them!send!AVU!National!Coordinators!to!attend!the!conference.!
• Disseminate!and!share!abstracts!of!accepted!proposals!by!publishing!in!the!conference!proceedings.!!
• Identify!scholars!whose!research!aligns!with!the!AVU’s!R&D!agenda.!!• Identify!potential!submissions!and!reviewers!for!the!upcoming!AVU!online!journal.!!• Develop!systems!and!procedures!for!the!2nd!and!subsequent!AVU!conferences.!
!
C. REGISTRATION!• Open!to!one!and!all!registered!participants!including!researchers,!academics,!
industry,!students!etc.!!!o Early!Bird!–!USD$255!(until!October!22nd!2013)!o After!October!22nd!&!Onsite!Registration!USD$295!o PrePconference!workshop:!!Kenya!residents!KSHS!1,200;!NonPresidents:!
USD$12!!
D. HOTELS!• Conference!Venue:!Hotel!Intercontinental!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!121!!!
E. SPONSORS!&!EXHIBITS!• To!be!determined!in!due!course!
!F. AVU!2013!CONFERENCE!COMMITTEE!
A!committee!was!set!up!to!oversee!the!planning!of!the!conference.!The!members!
include:!!
1.! Dr.!Bakary!Diallo!P!Chair!
2.! Dr.!Adala!P!Coordinator!
3.! Ms.!Beldina!Shitandi!P!Member!
4.! Ms.!Philise!Rasugu!P!Member!
5.! Ms.!Catherine!Wangeci!P!Member!
6.! Mr.!Godwin!Muhwezi!P!Member!
7.! Dr.!Richards!Griff!P!Member!
8.! Dr.!Therezinha!Fernandes!P!Member!
9.! Mr.!Dominique!Didhieou!–!Member!
!
The!above!list!of!committee!members!was!officially!adopted.!!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!122!!!
25. Call%for%Proposals%!Call!for!Proposals!–!2013!1st!International!Conference!of!the!AVU!!Theme:!Integrating!eLearning!and!Open!Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa!Dates:!November!20P22,!2013!City:!Nairobi,!Kenya!Venue:!TBA!!!Thematic!Areas!
Proposed!topics!should!consider!the!opportunities!and/or!challenges!of!the!integration!of!eLearning!and!Open!Education!to!increase!access!to!quality!education!and!training.!Preferred!topics!can!be!drawn!from,!but!is!not!limited!to!the!following!thematic!areas:!
1. Open!Education:!issues!including!Open!Educational!Resources!(OERs)!and!Massive!Open!Online!Courses!(MOOCs)!
2. Infrastructure!&!Access:!issues!including!access!to!open!and!eLearning!content,!learning!centers,!mobile!learning,!delivery!technologies,!Internet!connectivity!etc.!
3. Accreditation!and!Quality!Assurance!4. Management!and!Delivery!of!open,!distance!and!eLearning!courses!and!programs:!
issues!including!leadership,!policy,!strategy,!administration,!financing,!recruitment!&!retention!of!students,!academic!programs!delivery!&!management,!technology,!learner!support!and!faculty!development,!gender!issues!etc.!
5. Content:!Issues!in!curriculum!design,!development!&!delivery,!including!in!the!following!areas!Science,!Technology!Engineering!&!Math!(STEM)!Education,!Teacher!Education,!Computer!Science!and!Peace!&!Conflict!Studies!etc.!
6. Gender:!Issues!in!Science,!Technology!Engineering!&!Math!(STEM)!Education!7. Design:!design!of!instruction!for!various!teaching!and!learning!scenarios!including!online!
and!blended!formal!courses,!selfPdirected,!studentPcentered!learning,!problem!based!learning,!collaborative!learning!etc.!
8. Assessment!and!Evaluation:!online!assessment,!EPportfolios,!facePtoPface!assessment,!recognition!of!prior!learning,!learning!analytics,!etc.!
9. Emerging!media!and!technologies:!including!in!mobile!learning,!flipped!classrooms,!3PD!printing!etc.!
10. Strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!eLearning!!!Important!Dates:!
• Call!for!submissions!opens:!19th!April!2013!• Deadline!for!submissions:!27th!June!2013!([email protected])!• Feedback!to!participants:!31st!!July!2013!• Final!submission!of!full!papers:!15th!September!2013!
!!Proposal!Categories!
Proposals!can!be!submitted!in!any!of!the!following!categories:!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!123!!!
• Individual!Paper:!Individual!papers!provide!an!opportunity!to!share!quality!and!original!research.!These!may!feature!research!studies,!evaluations,!significant!reviews,!developments!or!projects.!
• Group!Panel:!The!panel!sessions!provide!an!opportunity!to!present!on!topics!that!clearly!share!a!central!theme.!Each!panel!will!be!composed!of!a!maximum!of!three!paper!proposals.!
• Poster/Digital!Poster:!The!poster!session!provides!an!opportunity!to!display!information!about!research!in!progress!and!innovative!projects!or!activities!in!an!informal,!interactive!environment.!
• Workshop:!Workshops!contribute!towards!professional!development!and!provide!an!opportunity!to!engage!with!colleagues!and!experts!in!specific!fields,!to!acquire!knowledge,!enhance!skills!and!develop!broader!perspectives.!
!!!All!proposals!should!be!submitted!via!email!to!submissions@avu.org!
!
Submission!Guidelines!for!Proposals!
• The!following!guidelines!apply!to!individual!paper,!group!panel!and!poster!proposals.!You!must!indicate!if!you!want!submission!to!be!considered!for!an!individual!paper,!group!panel!or!poster!session.!
• Proposal!submissions!should!be!2,000!words!or!fewer!in!length!(excluding!references,!tables,!charts,!graphs,!and!figures).!References!should!be!included!(if!applicable)!at!the!end!of!the!paper!and!are!not!included!in!overall!word!count.!
• To!be!considered!for!review,!all!seven!elements!described!below!must!be!addressed!in!the!paper!even!if!the!results,!conclusions,!or!findings!are!not!complete!or!final!at!the!time!of!the!submission.!The!paper!needs!to!address!and!provide!reviewers!with!an!understanding!of!the!results!and!findings!to!date.!The!paper!should!deal!explicitly!with!the!following!elements,!preferably!in!this!order:!
1. Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper.!2. Perspective!or!theoretical/conceptual!framework!3. Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!4. Data!sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials!5. Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!warrants!for!arguments/point!of!
view!6. Scientific!or!scholarly!significance!of!the!study!or!work!7. Relevance!of!the!study!to!the!theme—“!Integrating!eLearning!and!Open!
Education!to!Increase!Access!to!Quality!Education!and!Training!in!Africa”!or!any!of!the!subthemes!of!the!conference.!!
!
Proposal!Submission!Review!and!Selection!Process!
• A!proposal!of!not!more!than!2,000!words!as!per!the!format!described!above!must!be!submitted!along!with!the!abstract.!!
• On!the!cover!page,!include:!o The!author(s)!and!presenter(s)!name,!institutional!affiliation!and!email!address.!o Provide!five!keyword!descriptors!(to!help!in!programming).!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!124!!!
o An!abstract!of!not!more!than!300!words.!• Proposals!will!be!peer!reviewed!by!at!least!two!experienced!scholars.!To!help!us!ensure!
a!blind!review,!we!request!that!you!do!not!include!any!identifying!information!on!the!actual!body!of!the!paper;!this!should!be!limited!to!the!cover!page.!
• Proposal!submissions!that!are!accepted!will!be!published!in!the!conference!proceedings!and!will!also!be!considered!for!publication!in!the!upcoming!online!journal!of!the!AVU!with!the!consent!of!the!author.!
!Submission!Guidelines!for!a!Workshop!
Submissions!for!workshop!proposal!should!include!the!following!information:!1. On!not!more!than!2!pages,!describe!the!objectives!of!the!workshop,!the!target!
audience,!instructional!goals,!and!activities!planned!for!the!workshop.!2. Provide!a!list!of!the!names!and!institutional!affiliations!of!workshop!presenters.!3. Provide!a!list!of!equipment!or!room!set!up!requirements.!
!Send!all!your!queries!relating!to!the!conference!to!submissions@avu.org!!!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!125!!
!
26. Submissions%Review%Form%Submission!Proposal!Review!Form!
1. Title!of!Proposal:!!
2. Type!of!Proposal:!!(i)!ResearchPbased!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(ii)!PracticePbased!!!!
3. Submission!Category:!(i)!Paper_______!!!!(ii)!Poster_______!!!!(iii)!Workshop________!!!Review!Criteria! ! !
1. Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper!!
Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Not!clear)! !
Max:!5!(Admirably!clear)!
2. Perspective(s)!or!theoretical/conceptual!framework!
Scale! Value!
Min:!1!(Not!articulated)! !Max:!5!(Well!articulated)!
3. Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!!
Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Well!executed)! !Max:!5!(Not!well!executed)!
4. Data!sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials! Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Inappropriate)! !Max:!5!(Appropriate)!
5. Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!warrants!for!arguments/point!of!view!
Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Ungrounded)! !Max:!5!(WellPgrounded)!
6. Significance!of!the!study!or!work!!
Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Routine)! !Max:!5!(Highly!original)!
7. Relevance!of!the!proposal!to!the!theme!(s)!of!the!conference!!
Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Not!relevant)! !Max:!5!(Highly!relevant)!
8. Quality!of!Writing/Organization! Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Not!well!organized)! !Max:!5!(Well!organized)!
9. Overall!Recommendation! Scale! Value!Min:!1!(Can’t!recommend)! !Max:!5!(Highly!Recommend)! !
10. TOTAL!SCORE!(out!of!45)! ! !! ! !
11. Reviewer!Confidence! Scale!! Value!! Min:!1!(Not!confident)!!! !! Min:!1!Max:!5!(Confident)! !!!
%
%
!!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!126!!
%
27. Checklist%for%Preparing%your%Final%Abstract%!
The!abstract+is!intended!to!capture!the!interest!of!the!potential!audience.!In!a!sense!it!is!the!selling!document!for!your!presentation/paper.!If!the!abstract!is!poorly!written!then!it!will!not!encourage!interest!in!your!work.!!It!is!important!therefore!to!ensure!that!you!take!the!time!to!
prepare!a!good!abstract!that!is!representative!of!your!proposed!paper/presentation.!!
! The!abstract!should!engage!the!reader!by!telling!him/her!what!your!paper/presentation!
is!about!and!why!they!should!be!interested!in!your!topic!and!attend!your!presentation.!!
! The!abstract+should!not!include!diagrams!and!in!general!references!are!not!required!in!
the!abstract.!!! In!preparing!your!final!abstract,!be!sure!to!take!into!consideration!the!reviewers’!
feedback!of!the!proposal!you!originally!submitted.!
! The!following!checklist!below!has!provided!to!help!you!prepare!your!abstract!for!
inclusion!in!the!conference!program!
!Use!the!following!103point!checklist!to!help!you!prepare!our!your!abstract.!We!strongly!recommend!that!you!ensure!your!abstract!satisfies!these!points.!
1. Does!the!abstract!succinctly!describe!the!work!to!be!discussed!in!your!conference!
presentation?!
2. Does!your!abstract!engage!the!reader!by!telling!him/her!what!the!conference!
presentation!is!about!and!why!they!should!be!interested?!
3. Have!you!checked!that!your!abstract!is!well!written!in!terms!of!language,!grammar,!
etc.?!The!abstract!you!submit!will!be!used!as!presented,!poorly!formatted!and!written!
abstracts!with!spelling!and!grammatical!errors!will!not!be!included.!!
4. Does!the!title!of!your!abstract!provide!a!good!description!of!your!presentation?!
5. Does!your!abstract!provide!a!succinct!summary!in!one!or!two!sentences!on!each!of!the!
following!elements:!!
• Objectives!or!purposes!of!the!paper.!!
• Perspective!or!theoretical/conceptual!framework!!
• Methods,!techniques,!or!modes!of!inquiry!!
• Data!sources,!evidence,!objects,!or!materials!!
• Results!and/or!substantiated!conclusions!or!warrants!for!arguments/point!of!view!!
• Scientific!or!scholarly!significance!of!the!study!or!work!!
• Relevance!of!the!study!to!the!theme!(or!sub!themes!of!the!conference).!
6. Does!you!abstract!pay!particular!attention!to!the!results!or!findings!as!this!is!the!most!
important!part!of!your!paper/presentation.!The!findings/results!of!your!study/work!will!
be!of!particular!interest!to!the!readers/audience!so!make!sure!this!is!succinctly!captured!
in!your!abstract.!
7. Does!the!abstract!capture!the!significance/value!of!your!study/findings?!!
8. Does!the!abstract!take!into!consideration!reviewer!feedback!of!your!proposal?!!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!127!!
9. Does!your!abstract!conform!to!the!word!limit!of!minimum!300!to!maximum!500!words?!!
In!other!words,!you!have!to!use!the!300!word!minimum!but!not!go!over!the!limit!of!500!
words.!
10. Have!you!provided!up!to!5!keywords!or!phrases!that!closely!reflect!the!content!of!your!paper?!!
*!Authors!who!do!not!follow!these!guidelines!are!likely!to!have!their!abstracts!excluded!from!the!conference!program!! !
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!128!!
%
28. Preparing%Your%Presentation%for%the%Conference%!
Guidelines)and)Tips%
Below are some tips and guidelines for preparing your presentations. The tips will be especially useful for first time presenters but seasoned presenters will also find these reminders helpful. !
Preparation)Ahead)of)the)Conference)
• Each presenter will have about 15 minutes to make their presentation. As a rule of thumb, 5 minutes of speaking time equals 2-3 pages of typed material.
• Remember a paper delivered orally should be different in style from an article meant to be read in print. It is advisable to use your final paper as a source and prepare an outline from which you present your speech.
• The structure of an oral presentation needs careful thought. Bring out the direction the research or presentation has taken. Place more emphasis on the results and interpretation and avoid spending too much time on techniques. The first few minutes can be used to place the research in some historical and developmental context. Remember the critical times of your speech are the first two minutes and the final one minute.
• Develop an excellent introduction and an insightful and practical conclusion. Remember that sessions are on a tight schedule so plan to adhere to the time limits.
• Present some practical applications of your work. Attendees want to receive both practical applications and theoretical material when they attend a session.
• If you use PowerPoint slides in your presentation, be sure that material can be easily read by those sitting at the back of the room.
• It is advisable not to overcrowd your slides with no more than 6-7 words per line, and no more than 6-7 lines per page.
• To ensure an effective performance, practice your presentation before a small group of supportive colleagues and ask for frank comments.
• Be flexible in preparing your speech, for instance if you have prepared a PowerPoint presentation and the technology fails, have a back-up hard copy of your presentation (We hope this will not be the case).
Presenting)at)the)Conference)
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!129!!
• Arrive a few minutes early to meet with the session chair and other presenters. Make sure your presentation has been uploaded and that any audio-visual equipment you are using is working.
• When speaking assume the possibility of hiccups e.g. technology breakdown, so be flexible in preparing your presentation.
• Stay within the allotted time limit when making your presentation. • Stop on time. Remember there are other speakers during this time slot, so be
considerate of their time. • As you speak, establish eye contact with the audience; vary your styles of
presentation. Don't read handouts verbatim when talking. Simply refer to them, but allow participants to be actually involved in developing the outcome.
• Be enthusiastic as you present as your presentation will leave a first impression of your work. If it is positive, then their overall impression of you and your work is reinforced.
• Enjoy yourself as you present your paper! Tip)for)Preparing)Your)Power)Point)Presentation)!
1. Use PowerPoint to prepare your presentation, other software formats (e.g. Prezi may be used as well).
2. Each presenter has about 15 minutes, so consider using 15 slides or less 3. The first slide should include: Presentation title, author names, institution etc 4. The middle slides should try to cover the following elements of your study or
work: o Introduction/Background o Objectives or purpose(s) of the study/practice o Perspective or theoretical/conceptual framework o Methods & data sources o Results/Findings/Outcomes o Implications
" Implications for practice: How can the findings help others (e.g., practitioners, educators, policy makers)?
" Implications for research: Based on the results and/or limitations of this study, what should future studies in this area do?
o Discussion " Identify the most interesting findings and provide an
explanation/rationale. " Why did this study get the results? Is it similar to past research?
Can theory explain the findings? Is there something about this data collection that made the results different?
o Key references o Acknowledgments (as applicable)
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!130!!
Consent By submitting an abstract and presentation to this conference, you are giving permission for your abstract & presentation to be made available on the internet and accessible to the general public. !
! %
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!131!!
%
29. Session%Chair%Guidelines%!
Guidelines)and)Responsibilities)for)Being)an)Effective)Chair% The following guidelines and responsibilities have been prepared to help the Chairs ensure the success of each session. The responsibilities of the Chair include:
1. To read the abstract or full paper before the conference session and prepare an outline ahead of time about each proposal.
2. To announce the name of the session, welcome everyone, and briefly introduce each speaker.
3. To ensure that the session moves along in a timely manner and that all presenters are given equal time to present their paper. Keep each speaker to the specified time limit (15 minutes for each speaker). After each speaker has presented, about 20-30 minutes should be given for questions and discussion.
4. To take about 5 minutes to outline issues for elaboration and discussion. Highlight any significant issues noted in the papers. If applicable, establish the connections between papers in a session.
5. Open the floor to the audience, and allow enough time for the audience to ask questions. Repeat questions from the audience so that everyone can hear the question.
6. Have one key question ready from each presentation so that every presenter is asked at least one question.
7. Summarize and present “take-away” suggestions and any interesting insights from the session for the audience.
8. Prepare a write-up on these insights that can be to be shared later at the plenary. A rapporteur will be on hand if needed to help you write-up your points and insights.
! %
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!132!!
%
30. Participants%Remarks%!PARTICIPANTS’!REMARKS!ON!2013!1ST!INTERNATIONAL!CONFERENCE!OF!THE!AVU!!!!“Thank you for accepting my submission and sponsoring my participation. I would not have made it on my own. It was a great occasion for me indeed. I learned a lot in the sharing and thought that for a beginning there was adequate seriousness shown in the quality of the presentations: in both the academic and professional sense. If we can all push in this direction, AVU will be able to make a statement on the contributions from the African continent. Thanks for your tireless dedication and commitment that made the conference very memorable to us all. I count myself lucky to have been part of this historic conference.” (Ms.!Bona!I.!Maandera,!Lecturer,!The!Virtual!University!of!Uganda,!Britain)!!!“The%conference%really%gave%me%a%positive%experience%%to%my%career%and%as%an%individual.”%
(Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara,!Assistant!Lecturer,!The!Open!University!of!
Tanzania,!Tanzania)!!!
“We thank you so much for giving us a chance to
learn, listen and exchange ideas on education issues
freely. The conference was wonderfully organised.” (Dr.!Anne!A.!Assey,!Senior!Lecturer,!University!of!Nairobi,!Kenya)!!!On!behalf!of!Team!Ghana,!let!me!once!again!sound!the!thank!you!clarion!in!all!your!ears.!The!programme!came!out!with!an!international!touch!of!class!and!I!personally!think!it!deserves!an!A++!vote!!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!133!!
With!kind!regards,!Joshua!!
Joshua C. Mallet Consultant, Director / Directeur Centre for National Distance Learning and Open Schooling (CENDLOS) !!
“I want to thank AVU for organising the conference. It provided a
forum to present research work and also network. Thank you, merci beaucoup.” (Mr.!John!Kandiri,!Lecturer,!Kenyatta!University,!Kenya)!!!“Thank you so much again to all of you, for a really wonderful conference experience. To everyone involved in booking my accommodation, flights, transport etc. - thank you, it was perfect and everything ran 100% smoothly.” (Ms.!Bridget!Nash,!Community!Coordinator/Project!Manager,!Siyavula!Education,!South!Africa)!
« ….nous vous remercions également du chaleureux accueil que vous nous avez prodigué, espérons que la prochaine fois serait encore meilleur. » (Dr.!Laurence!Rabotovao!Ramanandraisoa,!Enseignant3chercheur,!Responsable!!Centre!d’éducation,!Université!d’Antananarivo,!Madagascar)!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!134!!
« Certainement que j'ai bien apprécié
le niveau d'organisation et la qualité
des articles scientifiques. La
conférence m'a permis d'échanger avec
d'autres chercheurs expérimentés en
matière de l'enseignement à distance.
Un grand merci pour m'avoir accordé
la permission d'y participer.
J’attends avec beaucoup d'impatience
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!135!!
la thématique de la 2ème
conférence. » (Prof.!Banze!Junior!Jacinto!Cipriano,!Chefe!do!Departemento!Central,!Université!Pedagogiqué,!Mozambique)!!!
« C'est avec un réel plaisir que nous avons
participé à la 1ere Conférence de l'UVA.
Ce fut pour nous une occasion de partage et
d'échanges dans le domaine du e-learning en
Afrique. Ce fut une grande réussite tant sur
le plan académique qu'organisationnel. Un
grand merci - l'UVA et à ses agents. » (Dr.!Ndiogou!Ndiaye,!Chercheur,!Expert!e3learning!/!formation!à!distance/!TICE,!UCAD!Dakar,!Senegal)!!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!136!!
%%
31. Conference%Evaluation%!EVALUATION OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE !Table!1:!Quantitative!Evaluation!of!the!Conference!by!average!score!of!attributes!
S/n Attribute Number of Reponses
Frequency of Average Score
(out of 5) Highest
Score (5) Lowest
Score (1)
1. Group work 42 5 3 3.3
2. Conference documentation 47 7 0 3.7
3. Time keeping 48 7 0 3.8
4.
Provision of a forum to debate and exchange ideas on research and policy issues
45 14 0 3.9
5. Pre-conference Workshops 36 11 0 3.9
6. Relevance of presentations 48 13 0 4.0
7. Language interpretation services 48 10 0 4.0
8. Relevance of research papers presented 45 10 0 4.0
9. Poster presentations 22 6 0 4.0
10. Access to Internet 48 15 0 4.1
11. Duration of the workshop 48 15 0 4.1
12. Program - flow of activities 48 13 0 4.1
13. Pre-conference Communication 48 21 0 4.2
14. Meeting the theme of the conference 47 18 0 4.2
15. Workshop Facilitation 48 18 0 4.2
16. Meals 48 30 0 4.5
17. Accommodation 48 34 0 4.7
18. Travel arrangements 48 33 0 4.7
Overall Success 42 16 0 4.2
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!137!!
Table!2:!Comments!and!Recommendations!for!possible!consideration!
S/n Attribute Comments Recommendations
1 Papers/Topics and Time
• There were too many topics with inadequate time
• It would be better if there were other papers other than ODeL areas
• Everything seems to be focused on education, little on technology
• The conference program should have been provided with abstracts
• Lengthy presentations were not controlled
• There was no keynote speaker on the Theme. At least a main speaker could have challenged participants, especially beginning institutions on policy, practice and challenges
• The sessions were longer • The timing of submissions,
communication was delayed • It would have been fantastic if a
peer reviewed proceedings could have been an outcome of the conference or publication in a quality of peer reviewed journal
• For someone who has been involved in AVU some topics were too basic
• Needed to have access to all presentations made
• Next time enough/early notice should be given for the presenters to prepare very well
• There is need to provide forum to debate
• Needs serious improvement in movements from one room to the other and timing
• The quality of the papers should be improved
• Session should end at 5:00 so that there is time for exercise and sports, safari tours should be covered by AVU
• Allow 2-3 hours' break • Conference documentation must be sent
by e-mail for all of us • Critical review of the papers by
prominent domain experts • Get an outsider facilitator for the whole
conference. This frees the person from all other logistical issues of the local organization
• Increase time to 3-4 days • Other players such as industry
(Hardware, software, services solutions providers) and private institutions participating in e-learning school should be invited
• Research paper presented should be properly being reviewed and if possible sent to participants before the conference starts
• Conference forms should be categorized into new entrants and older entrants
• Allocate more time for session to discussion on research and policy issues and collaborations
• The Theme should be circulated to institutions far ahead of time and call for papers
• Would recommend more stringent reviews of papers to meet the rigours of research
2 Break-out Sessions & Posters
• There only group work was pre-conference workshop. More during Thursday and Friday would have been good
• Pre-conference workshops, why was it not open to all participants?
• Poster Presentations, many participants were not allowed inside the hall
• Group Work, not actually applicable as only presentation sessions was provided
• Breakout groups were too large making question time short - there could be more sub-themes to serve as breakout sessions
• If possible present live videos
3 Translation, • For the French speakers, the Nil
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!138!!
S/n Attribute Comments Recommendations
internet & communication
interpreters were not appropriate • Internet was intermittent, password
could work • Pre-conference communication was
a bit disjointed • The AVU website could not be
accessed at all times
4 Meals and Stipend
• Money paid for dinner is not enough • It would have been helpful to give
out meal slips at start of the day and/or conference instead of right at lunch
• Meals should include local African dishes as much as possible
Commendation
• A lot of ideas and experiences about ODeL have been shared • As first time, conference success was real • Good diversity of presenters, topics and participants • Good topics but not fully expounded • The conference was very useful, orderly and profitable. Well done AVU • Thank you for waving the registration fee • Conference was well-planned and executed
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!139!!
%
32. Final%Abstracts%!
Session%1:%%Infrastructure%&%Capacity%
1. The!role!of!photovoltaic!powered!ICT!centres!on!ODL!programmes!in!rural!areas!in!Tanzania!Presenter(s):+Damasen+Ikwaba+Paul+&+Fatma+Ubwa,+The+Open+University+of+Tanzania,+Dar+es+Salaam!
!
Open!and!Distance!Learning!(ODL)!programme!is!considered!one!of!the!most!important!
educational!innovations!of!the!last!century.!ODL!aims!at!increasing!access!to!education!to!those!
who!have!difficulty!in!accessing!it!within!the!mainstream.!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania!
(OUT)!is!the!only!accredited!public!university!that!offers!certificates,!degree!and!nonPdegree!
courses!through!ODL!mode!in!Tanzania!and!beyond.!However,!one!of!the!greatest!challenges!
facing!OUT!is!to!reach!the!unPreached!lager!population!in!rural!areas.!The!use!of!Information!
and!Communication!Technology!(ICT)!has!been!identified!as!one!of!the!most!promising!method!
to!overcome!the!challenges!experienced!by!the!old!modes!of!ODL!delivery.!This!paper!examined!
critical!factors!affecting!ICT!enhanced!ODL!education!in!rural!areas!in!Tanzania!and!found!that!
lack!of!electricity!was!the!leading!factor.!!The!paper!proposed!the!establishment!of!ICT!
Photovoltaic!(PV)!powered!centres!as!a!solution!to!high!initial!cost!of!generating!PV!electricity!in!
rural!areas.!The!ICT!PV!powered!centres!are!intended!to!bridge!the!digital!divide!gap!between!
rural!and!urban!areas!by!providing!access!to!online!information!services!to!OUT!registered!and!
nonPregistered!students!as!well!as!other!rural!community!users.!We!have!also!illustrated!the!
technical!features!of!an!ICT!PV!powered!centre!for!ODL!education!in!rural!areas!and!pointed!out!
its!impacts!on!ICT!enhanced!ODL!programmes!in!rural!areas!without!grid!electricity!in!Tanzania.!
Keywords:!Open!and!Distance!Learning,!Open!University!of!Tanzania,!Information!and!Communication!Technology,!ICT!Photovoltaic!powered!centres,!electricity,!and!rural!area!!
2. !illustration!from!public!sector!management!training!!Presenter(s):+Mr.+Franklin+Mutahakana,+African+Capacity+Building+Foundation+(ACBF)+Harare,+Zimbabwe;+Dr.+Hardson+Kwandayi,+Africa+University+Mutare,+Zimbabwe!
!
Abstract:!Globalization!has!rendered!classrooms!inadequate!as!spaces!for!learning,!and!has!
signalled!the!sometimes!inappropriateness!of!structured!instruction!as!learning!tools,!
particularly!for!adults.!Leveraging!technological!innovations,!to!enhance!the!rate,!breadth!and!
level!of!access!to!education!across!geographical!and!political!boundaries,!transformations!have!
taken!place!in!the!mode!of!delivery!of!education!from!distance!learning!to!ePlearning.!Therefore,!
strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!effective!ePlearning!through!partnerships!is!critical.!Using!
the!partnership!model!between!the!African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF)!and!Africa!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!140!!
University!(in!Zimbabwe),!the!paper!demonstrates!how!donor!agencies!and!institutions!of!
higher!learning!can!collaborate!to!strengthen!and!enhance!ePlearning!using!public!sector!
management!training!and!development!as!a!case!study.!The!paper!clearly!shows!how!
institutional!partnership!can!strengthen!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!ePlearning.!It!
further!outlines!the!modes!of!ePlearning!used!in!the!ACBFPAU!partnership!and!the!strategies!
educational!institutions!can!use!to!enhance!their!use.!The!theoretical!framework!undergirding!
this!paper!is!the!partnership!or!collaborative!model.!The!partnership!model!is!useful!for!
generating!new!ideas,!leveraging!complementary!skills!and!strengths!and!acquiring!resources!
for!a!new!venture.!Overall,!the!study!is!anchored!on!two!themes!of!the!conference!–!increasing!
access!to!quality!education!and!training;!and!strengthening!institutional!capacity!for!sustainable!
ePlearning.!The!study!adopted!a!qualitative!approach!specifically!using!desk!research,!document!
analyses!and!interviews!to!collect!data.!The!findings!of!this!study!show!that!ACBF!and!Africa!
University!have!successfully!implemented!the!partnership!model!of!strengthening!and!
enhancing!ePlearning.!Some!of!the!key!findings!of!the!study!are!that!with!the!support!from!
ACBF,!the!AU!project!managed!to:!Establish!a!strong!ICT!infrastructure!that!offers!!the!required!
hardware!and!software!packages!and!IT!support!to!promote!eP!learning;!Equip!smart!classrooms!
with!state!of!the!art!smart!boards,!projectors!and!instructor!computers;!Provide!internet!
connected!computer!laboratories!for!students;!Offer!unlimited!internet!bandwidth!for!staff!and!
students;!and!Provide!a!Virtual!Classroom!on!a!Moodle!Learning!Management!Platform!which!
facilitates!online!learning!for!both!campus!and!distance!learning!students.!The!paper!concludes!
that!the!partnership!model!is!an!effective!tool!to!expand!and!strengthen!ePlearning!in!
institutions!of!higher!learning.!!
Keywords:!Globalization;!Partnership;!Public!Sector!Management!Training;!Institutional!Capacity!Building;!Sustainability;!e3learning;!Online!Teaching!and!Learning!+!
3. Effective!implementation!of!technology!innovations!in!higher!education!institutions:!A!survey!of!selected!African!universities!!Presenter(s):+John+Kandiri,+Kenyatta+University,+Kenya!
+Abstract:!This!study!endeavored!to!determine!what!causes!some!technology!innovations!to!be!
implemented!effectively!while!others!fail!in!higher!education!institutions.!The!study!was!
motivated!by!the!noted!lack!of!cadence!between!the!belief!in!technology!and!the!poor!
utilization!in!teaching!and!learning.!The!exploratory!study!was!based!on!technology!initiatives!
that!run!between!June!2008!and!June!2012!and!funded!by!Partnership!for!Higher!Education,!
Education!Technology!Initiatives.!The!study!adopted!critical!realism!approach!based!on!
concurrent!mixed!method!approach!in!data!collection!and!analysis.!A!survey!questionnaire!was!
sent!to!all!innovation!initiative!implementers.!Out!of!the!163!targeted!survey!respondents,!105!
usable!replies!were!received!which!was!64.4%!response!rate.!The!study!adopted!variables!
stipulated!by!Weiner,!Lewis!and!Linnan!(2009)!and!Sawang!and!Unsworth!(2011)!which!had!the!
variables:!top!management,!financial!motivation,!organizational!culture.!The!new!model!added!
the!variables:!!project!team,!monitoring!and!evaluation!and!innovation!efficacy.!Quantitative!
data!was!analyzed!using!SPSS!version!17!while!for!qualitative!data.!The!qualitative!analysis!was!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!141!!
used!to!get!deep!into!quantitative!findings.!Qualitative!data!was!collected!using!semiPstructured!
interviews!and!then!transcribed!verbatim.!Analysis!of!qualitative!data!was!done!using!
theoretical!thematic!framework.!Occurrence!of!incongruous!results!between!quantitative!and!
qualitative!findings!yielded!a!more!nuanced!and!comprehensive!understanding!of!poor!
application!of!technology!in!academics.!!The!study!results!confirmed!earlier!studies!on!
implementation!effectiveness!which!showed!that!showed!that!top!management,!financial!
motivation,!organizational!culture,!project!leadership!and!innovation!efficacy!were!significant!in!
implementing!innovation!technologies.!However,!the!study!found!out!that!innovation!adopting!
rather!than!innovation!generating!culture,!ignorance!on!technology!transfer,!lack!of!proper!
framing!of!technology!innovation!and!lack!of!institutional!adoptive!capacity!to!technology!
greatly!hampered!effective!implementation!of!technologies!adopted!in!HEIs.!The!study!
proposed!areas!of!further!research.!
Keywords:!Technology!Adoption!Theories,!Organizational!Theory,!implementation!effectiveness,!Higher!education,!information!and!communication!technologies!++Session%2:%%Open%Educational%Resources%(OER)%Integration%
!4. By!means!of!OER!integration:!An!analysis!of!tutors’!and!learners’!views!of!OER!as!an!
ODL!strategy!for!teaching!and!learning!Presenter(s):+Ezra+Maritim,+Jacqueline+L.+Bundala,+Winfrida+Malingumu,+Open+University+of+Tanzania+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania!
!Abstract:!There!has!been!significant!recent!interest!in!both!conventional!and!ODL!institutions!in!the!use!of!Open!Educational!Resources!(OER)!as!a!strategy!for!teaching!and!learning.!This!paper!
reports!on!the!findings!from!a!study!conducted!at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!on!the!level!
of!use!and!integration!of!OER!in!teaching!and!learning!by!both!the!tutors!and!the!learners.!While!
OER!activities!that!entail!development!of!common!resources!for!use!across!institutions!are!
generally!accepted,!the!findings!of!this!study!indicate!that!tutors!are!yet!to!embed!OER!in!the!
process!of!developing!their!course!materials!and!modules!and!in!this!regard!learners!have!
limited!access!and!awareness!of!the!existence!and!value!of!OER.!!!
5. Challenges!and!instructors’!intention!to!adopt!and!use!open!educational!resources!in!higher!education!in!Tanzania!+Presenter(s):+Joel+S.+Mtebe,+University+of+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania++!
+Abstract:!Higher!education!in!Tanzania!like!in!many!other!developing!countries!suffer!from!
unavailability!of!quality!teaching!and!learning!resources!due!to!lack!of!tradition,!competence,!
and!experience!to!develop!such!resources.!Nevertheless,!there!are!thousands!Open!Educational!
Resources!(OER)!freely!available!in!the!public!domain!that!can!potentially!improve!the!quality!of!
existing!resources,!or!help!to!develop!new!courses.!The!uptake!and!reuse!of!these!resources!in!
Higher!Learning!Institutions!(HLIs)!in!Tanzania!has!been!very!low.!The!study!applied!the!Unified!
Theory!of!Acceptance!and!Use!of!Technology!(UTAUT)!model!to!elicit!instructors’!intention!to!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!142!!
adopt!and!use!OER!in!teaching.!The!paper!also!investigated!challenges!that!hinder!instructors!to!
adopt!and!use!OER.!A!sample!of!104!instructors!from!five!HLIs!was!collected!and!tested!against!
the!research!model!using!regression!analysis.!The!study!found!effort!expectancy!had!significant!
positive!effect!on!instructors’!intention!to!use!OER!while!performance!expectancy,!facilitating!
conditions,!and!social!influence!did!not!have!significant!effect.!Challenges!that!were!found!to!
hinder!instructors!to!adopt!and!use!OER!are!discussed.!The!findings!of!this!study!will!help!those!
who!are!involved!in!OER!implementation!to!find!strategies!to!maximize!OER!adoption!and!usage!
in!higher!education!in!Tanzania.!
Keywords:!Open!Educational!Resources;!eLearning;!OER!in!Tanzania;!OER!+!
6. Students’!awareness!and!their!use!of!African!virtual!open!courseware:!A!case!of!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!Presenter(s):+Zamzam+I.+Nyandara+&+Janeth+E.+Kigobe,+The+Open+University+of++Tanzania,+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania!
!Abstract:!This!paper!examines!the!awareness,!use!and!acceptance!of!AVU!courseware!materials!
at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!A!total!of!77!questionnaires!were!used!to!gather!information!
from!students!within!two!regional!centers!namely,!Mwanza!and!Dar!es!Salaam,!followed!by!
telephone!interview!among!participants!who!filled!questionnaires!and!willingly!indicated!their!
mobile!phone!numbers!for!more!communication.!Study!population!included!52%!male!and!48%!
female!with!the!composition!age!group!from!20years!to!55!years!.This!is!an!explanatory!study!
which!used!a!cross!sectional!survey!design!with!mixed!methods!of!qualitative!and!quantitative!
data!collection!and!analysis.!Unified!theory!of!acceptance!and!use!of!technology!(UTAUT!model)!
were!employed!in!this!study!to!describe!awareness,!perception!and!usage!of!OER@AVU!
courseware!among!students!of!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!Social!influence!(SI)!and!
performance!expectancy!(PE)!constructs!of!UTAUT!model!found!to!be!most!prominent!predictor!
of!students’!use!and!perception!on!AVU!courseware.!It!was!revealed!that!majority!of!OUT!
students!are!not!aware!of!the!AVU!link!at!the!OUT!website!and!existence!of!AVU!courseware,!
which!means!they!are!not!using!the!platform.!In!addition,!majority!confirmed!to!use!printed!
materials!than!electronic!materials!to!access!learning!content.!Although!those!few!who!
admitted!to!be!aware,!were!are!not!entirely!using!AVU!study!materials!and!hence!not!aware!of!
the!practical!usefulness!or!weaknesses!of!the!AVU!study!material,!even!though!!they!have!
positive!feeling!that!!the!platform!can!be!of!beneficial!to!them.!The!study!pointed!out!issues!of!
high!cost!of!internet,!limited!access!to!computer!and!internet!as!well!as!limited!information!
about!AVU!as!challenges!to!majority!of!students!regarding!the!use!of!online!and!ePlearning!
courseware.!This!paper!concluded!that,!instructors!and!regional!heads!(directors)!should!orient!
learners!on!the!existence,!usefulness!and!usage!of!AVU!study!materials!as!well!as!other!eP
learning!platforms.!More!still,!online!reference!should!be!emphasized!at!grassroots!orientation!
for!all!students!to!encourage!learners’!personal!efforts!to!own!computers!and!other!mobile!
devices!useful!for!reading!those!online!and!ePlearning!materials.!
Keywords:!!AVU,!UTAUT!model,!Open!Education!Resources,!E3learning!)
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!143!!
!!
7. Perception!of!executive!board!members!of!African!Council!for!Distance!Education!on!integration!of!open!educational!resources!in!distance!higher!education!institutions!in!Africa.!Presenter(s):+Dr.+Rotimi+Ogidan,+African+Council+for+Distance+Education,+Nairobi,+Kenya!
!Abstract:!Distance!Education!is!confronted!by!many!challenges!among!which!are!issues!of!
expanding!access,!cost!reduction!and!quality!improvement!of!teaching!and!learning!at!a!time!
when!growth!in!higher!education!is!generally!increasing.!In!order!to!confront!these!challenges,!
open!educational!resources!have!been!identified!as!a!strategy!to!adopt!for!cheaper,!easier!
material!production!and!faster!dissemination!of!knowledge.!The!purpose!of!this!study!therefore!
was!to!investigate!the!perception!of!Executive!Board!members!of!African!Council!for!Distance!
Education!on!the!integration!of!open!educational!resources!(OERs)!in!distance!education!with!
the!objective!of!meeting!the!expectation!of!internationalizing!education!and!ensure!that!sharing!
of!materials!is!enhanced!to!promote!quality!in!teaching!and!learning!particularly!in!Africa.!Six!
research!questions!were!drawn!to!investigate!respondents’!perception!of!integration!of!OERs!
into!the!academic!activities!of!distance!education!institutions.!SemiP!structured!interview!
technique!was!employed!to!gather!data.!Result!revealed!that!some!respondents!did!not!
understand!the!details!of!what!OERs!integration!entail.!However,!some!of!them!mentioned!that!
they!were!already!using!OERs!in!their!academic!programmes!for!teaching!and!learning.!Some!
respondents!also!indicated!that!various!seminars!and!lectures!were!held!to!get!staff!understand!
and!familiar!with!use!of!OERs!materials.!The!study!however!revealed!that!challenges!of!
integrating!OERs!revolve!around!lack!of!awareness!of!the!benefits!of!OERs,!and!fears!that!
integrating!OERs!could!make!an!institution!lose!its!autonomy!while!others!expressed!lack!of!
capacity!to!procure!facilities!that!will!enhance!use!of!OERs.!Owing!to!the!benefits!of!integrating!
OERs,!it!was!suggested!that!fora!like!seminars!and!lectures!should!be!organised!and!sustained!to!
sensitise!students!and!lecturers!on!need!for!integration!while!institution!should!also!formulate!
and!implement!policies!that!would!support!sharing!of!OER!materials.!It!was!concluded!that!
integrating!OERs!would!facilitate!easy!access!to!academic!materials!and!promote!the!spirit!of!
collaboration!to!improve!the!quality!of!teaching!and!learning!among!distance!education!
institutions!in!Africa.!!
Keywords:!Distance!Education,!Learner!supports!Service!providers,!Open!Educational!Resources,!Executive!Board!members!of!African!Council!for!Distance!Education,!Free!use!!
!
Session%3:%Distance%Learning%&%ICTs%
8. Student!perception!of!open!and!distance!learning!mode!for!initial!primary!teacher!training!in!Malawi:!A!case!of!Lilongwe!Teachers!College.!Presenter(s):+Grace.+M.+K.+Banda+PhD,+Lilongwe+Teachers+College,+Malawi+&+Elias+Kaphesi+PhD,+University+of+Malawi,+Malawi!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!144!!
!Abstract:!Research!in!perception!of!open!and!distance!learning!has!long!been!of!interest!to!scholars!in!many!parts!of!the!world!and!last!two!decades,!research!on!distance!learning!has!
become!sophisticated,!with!one!important!line!of!enquiry!being!the!development!of!a!
theoretical!model!on!distance!learning.!Most!of!the!research!assessed!the!predictive!validity!of!
distance!learning!or!to!develop!alternative!model!to!study!distance!learning.!These!researches!
focused!on!traditional!and!nonPtraditional!students,!but!few!about!open!and!distance!learning!in!
teacher!education.!Comparatively,!open!and!distance!learning!problem!has!been!a!great!
concern!in!teacher!education!institutions!than!traditional!schools!and!universities.!Open!and!
distance!learning!is!an!important!factor!of!accelerating!human!capital!formation!for!national!
development!in!a!global!knowledge!economy!with!minimum!cost.!This!study!assesses!the!
perceptions!of!ODL!student!teachers!at!Lilongwe!Teachers!College!in!Malawi.!In!order!to!
developing!an!open!and!distance!learning!policy!and!improving!student!learning,!a!
comprehensive!picture!of!the!current!ODL!training!!climate!both!on!site!and!off!campus!ODL!
was!assessed.!Data!was!collected!using!both!questionnaire!and!focus!group!interviews!on!
student!experiences!on!campus!and!off!campus!mode!of!ODL!training.!Findings!of!the!study!
indicated!differences!of!student!perception!on!college!based!and!off!campus!each!with!unique!
challenges!which,!if!unattended!would!compromise!the!ODL!outcome.!Implications!for!policy!
directives!and!improvement!of!support!services!are!also!discussed.!
Keywords:!perception;!open!and!distance!learning,!distance!learning,!open!learning,!teacher!training,!attitude;!flexibility;!self3directed!learning;!conventional!institution;!student!teacher!!!
9. Preparedness!for!digital!learning!of!ODL!students!in!Africa:!Case!of!the!Open!University!of!Tanzani.!+Presenter(s):+E.T.+Bisanda,+The+Open+University+of+Tanzania,+Dar+es+Salaam,+Tanzania!
!Abstract:!The!ICT!revolution!is!having!great!impact!amongst!teachers!and!learners,!where!a!
clear!paradigm!shift,!from!teacher!centred!to!student!centred!learning!is!being!experienced.!The!
shift!from!analogue!(books)!to!digital!media!of!learning!has!been!slow!in!Africa!compared!to!
developed!countries.!Poor!access!to!internet,!lack!of!computing!facilities,!and!poor!power!
supply!in!most!parts!of!Africa!are!considered!to!be!the!main!hindrance!to!Africa’s!digital!
transformation.!!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania!has!since!2011,!reduced!the!distribution!of!
published!hard!copy!materials!to!its!students,!and!instead,!directed!its!students!to!access!OERs!
and!its!own!materials!that!have!been!digitized!and!supplied!to!students!in!the!form!of!CDP
ROMS.!In!this!study,!student!preparedness!in!transforming!to!digital!learning!was!investigated!at!
the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!!!Eight!out!of!29!examination!centres!in!Tanzania!were!
selected.!!A!questionnaire!was!administered!to!randomly!selected!students!in!these!centres.!!
About!500!students!returned!the!filled!questionnaires.!The!main!parameters!tested!were!their!
ICT!literacy,!their!frequency!of!using!digital!libraries!and!visits!to!the!web,!and!their!access!to!ICT!
gadgets.!Of!the!respondents,!60%!were!male!while!40%!were!female.!This!corresponds!roughly!
to!the!overall!gender!balance!in!the!enrolled!student!population.!The!study!reveals!that!only!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!145!!
4.6%!of!the!students!were!completely!ICT!illiterate,!and!the!majority!has!minimum!knowledge!of!
ICT!which!enables!them!to!visit!access!digital!information.!Moreover,!60%!own!ICT!equipment!
such!as!PCs!and!laptops.!21%!of!the!students!use!mobile!phones!with!internet!access!through!
3G!networks.!!About!44%!of!the!students!asserted!that!the!introduction!of!ICT!mediated!
learning!at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!was!a!useful!and!timely!decision,!while!only!1.4%!
thought!it!was!too!early!and!useless.!However,!poor!internet!connectivity!and!high!cost!of!
internet!access!were!cited!as!the!major!constraints!adopting!ICT!in!their!learning.!!The!use!of!ICT!
at!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!has!had!significant!impact!on!learners,!teachers!and!
management.!For!example!online!registration!for!exams!which!was!introduced!in!2011,!and!
strengthened!in!2012,!has!improved!fee!collection!and!improved!the!management!of!
examinations.!!The!university!webmail!system!connects!all!staff!and!students,!and!student!
complaints!are!handled!directly!by!respective!officers.!Confidence!of!students!has!increased!
significantly!as!more!of!them!discover!existence!of!a!wide!range!of!open!education!resources!
online.!It!is!concluded!that!ICT,!is!greatly!responsible!for!the!growing!reputation,!the!rapidly!
improving!completion!rate!and!increasing!interest!in!ODL,!among!younger!school!leavers,!some!
of!whom!are!transferring!from!conventional!universities!to!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania.!!Keywords:!digital!learning,!ICT!literacy,!internet!access,!online!registration!%!
10. The!potential!of!VLE!in!providing!access!to!quality!education!in!rural!community!schools!–!myth!or!reality.!Presenter(s):+Najim+Ussiph,+PhD+Kwame+Nkrumah+University+of+Science+&+Technology,+Kumasi,+Ghana.!
+Abstract:!This!study!examines!the!use!of!virtual!learning!environment!(VLE)!to!support!teaching!and!learning!in!rural!communities!in!Ghana!by!exploring!a!more!efficient!and!sustainable!means!of!access!to!information!and!communication!technology!for!rural!communities!to!enable!and!empower!them!to!be!able!to!play!a!more!meaningful!role!in!the!Information!Society.!!The!research!environment!is!a!local!community!college!in!a!rural!community!in!Ghana.!Teaching!with!a!learning!management!system,!Moodle!and!a!webPconferencing!application,!WizIQ!were!introduced!in!a!pilot!project.!The!research!method!employed!was!Participatory!Action!Case!Study!method!–!a!new!hybrid!extension!to!the!Action!Case!method!–!developed!in!the!course!of!this!research!in!adaptation!to!peculiar!characteristics!and!constraints!of!the!research!environment.!Research!cycles!were!carefully!planned,!implementation!and!observations!were!made!and!data!collected!using!participant!observations,!interviews,!and!focus!group.!The!impact!of!the!project!was!assessed!within!an!academic!term!with!respect!to!(i)!students’!motivation!/!interest,!(ii)!whether!or!not!there!has!been!improvement!in!academic!performances,!(iii)!ICT!awareness!and!ePliteracy!and!(iv)!enriched!learning!experience.!!A!multiPsystem!pedagogy!was!adapted!for!the!introduced!technologyPmediated!learning.!It!emerged!that!the!level!of!technology!available!was!unable!to!support!content!delivery!using!web!conferencing;!however!participants!were!able!to!take!advantage!of!Moodle!courseware!aspect!to!improve!performance!and!enrich!learning!experience.!!The!technologyPmediated!delivery!of!teaching!and!learning!raised!learners’!motivation,!increased!ePliteracy!level!and!ICT!awareness!of!participants!but!revealed!challenges!that!needed!both!public!and!private!support!if!the!project!is!to!be!sustained!and!for!learners!to!derive!full!benefit!of!the!initiative.!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!146!!
Keywords:!Virtual!Learning!Environment,!VLE,!ICT,!ePliteracy,!Moodle,!WizIQ,!Learning!
Experience!
!
!
Session%4:%Science%Education%&%ICTs%
!11. Intégration!des!TIC!!!dans!l’enseignement!des!sciences!physiques!du!secondaire!:!
Formations!en!présentiel!et!en!ligne!dans!quatre3vingt!lycées!de!Madagascar,!des!Comores,!!du!Sénégalet!de!l’Ile!Maurice.!Presenter(s):+Jean+Claude+Omer+Andrianarimanana,+Ecole+Normale+Supérieure+d’Antananarivo,+Madagascar!
!Abstract:!As!the!title!suggests!this!research!involved!four!countries!of!which!three!are!from!the!
Indian!Ocean!region!and!one!from!West!Africa,!specifically!Senegal.!This!research!involved!80!
secondary!schools!in!these!countries!in!which!270!teachers!took!part.!Overall!the!objective!was!
to!improve!the!quality!of!education!through!the!use!of!ICT.!Inevitably!from!this!there!was!the!
idea!of!developing!ICT!to!repackage!teaching!methods.!All!this!was!supposed!to!be!done!
through!trainings!of!teachers!in!the!use!of!ICT.!At!this!level!there!was!both!internal!and!external!
expertise!for!validation.!The!overall!result!was!that!these!270!teachers!from!80!schools!were!
sensitized!in!the!use!of!ICT.!It!was!noted!that!that!there!was!an!improvement!in!the!quality!of!
teaching!and!the!results!obtained!were!better.!A!series!of!supports!like!CDs,!films!etc.!were!
produced,!tutorial!material!were!made.!The!mastery!of!ICT!was!also!noted.!Student!results!also!
improved!as!they!scored!higher.!!!!
12. Enhancing!access!to!open!science!education!by!integrating!ICT3virtual!labs!and!micro3science!kits!in!Kenya.!Presenter(s):+Ronald+M.+Michieka,+Masinde+Muliro+University+of+Science+&+Technology,+Kenya!
!
Abstract:!The!provision!of!quality!open!science!education!in!developing!countries!such!as!Kenya!has!the!challenge!of!ensuring!that!the!students!are!engaged!in!practical!activities!to!ensure!
development!of!process!and!manipulative!skills.!The!purpose!of!this!study!was!to!design!
Information!Communication!Technology!(ICT)!virtual!learning!activities!and!microPscale!activities!
related!to!volumetric!analysis!in!chemistry!for!form!three!students!in!secondary!schools!in!
Kenya,!and!to!assess!the!learning!performance!of!these!students!after!completing!the!integrated!
activities.!The!study!described!in!this!paper!was!guided!thus!with!both!research!objectives!and!
research!hypotheses.!This!was!based!on!establishing!the!impact!and!effectiveness!of!integrating!
Virtual!laboratories’!activities!and!microPscale!activities!in!the!teaching!and!learning!of!chemistry!
concepts.!This!study!adopted!a!Factorial!research!design!and!approach!to!evaluate!the!concept!
development!of!four!groups!of!students!from!selected!secondary!schools!in!Kakamega!and!
Vihiga!counties,!Kenya.!A!total!number!of!800!forms!three!students!were!exposed!to!the!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!147!!
integrated!activities!and!data!were!analyzed!from!80!subjects!randomly!selected!after!
completing!a!threePweek!exposure.!In!the!three!week!exposure!the!students!were!taught!
volumetric!analysis!in!which!case!three!schools!were!experimental!and!one!control.!One!of!the!
experimental!schools!had!integrated!classes,!while!the!other!two!had!each!virtual!laboratory!
alone!and!the!other!micro!scale!alone.!The!integrated!class!had!a!higher!achievement!followed!
by!the!microPscale!and!then!the!virtual!laboratory!alone.!Aided!by!descriptive!and!inferential!
statistics,!we!investigate!the!processes!of!the!students’!chemistry!learning!as!evident!in!
performance!scores,!the!effectiveness!of!the!treatment!and!their!attitudes!towards!chemistry.!
The!result!analyses!verify!that!ICTPintegrated!virtual!labs!and!MicroPscience!kits!
(Microchemistry)!had!a!more!significant!effect!on!the!students’!learning!performance!such!that!
the!students’!average!performance!on!the!prePtest!M=11.75!!!and!postPtest!M=!22.65!based!on!
the!Volumetric!Analysis!Tests(VAT).!The!inferential!statistic!{F!(39)!=275.546,!p=0.001};!students!
acquired!a!better!understanding!of!targeted!volumetric!analysis!concepts!during!integrated!
representation.!Therefore,!by!integrating!the!use!of!virtual!laboratories!and!microPscale!
activities!the!open!learner!will!be!able!to!do!science!hence!improving!access!to!open!science!
education.!!
Keywords:!chemistry,!virtual!lab,!Micro3science!kit,!factorial!research!design!and!approach,!learning!performance!!!
13. Conception!et!suivi3évaluation!de!cours!de!formation!à!distance!en!biologie!et!éducation!environnementale:!Vers!un!modèle!harmonisé!(Design,!monitoring!and!evaluation!of!distance!learning!in!biology!and!environmental!education:!toward!a!harmonized!model).!Presenter(s):+Mamadou+Sarr,+Universite+Cheikh+Anta+Diop,+FASTEF,+Senegal!
!
Abstract:!Since!2008,!FASTEF!is!using!actively!ePlearning!solutions!to!solve!teachers’!training!problems!in!Senegal,!first!with!the!guidance!and!support!of!the!African!Virtual!University!(AVU),!
then!with!the!implementation!of!a!training!program!supported!by!the!Senegalese!Government!
of!more!than!13,000!teachers!teaching!in!high!schools!and!secondary!schools.!Other!
experiments!are!underway!at!UCAD,!in!several!faculties,!schools!and!Institutes.!UCAD!is!also!one!
of!the!27!partner!institutions!of!the!AVU!engaged!in!a!joint!program.!This!induces!new!
paradigms,!new!challenges!in!terms!of!harmonization!of!programs!and!approaches!to!eP
learning,!quality,!achieving!international!standards!and!a!common!desire!to!walk!together.!
Scripting!course!and!putting!them!online!require!the!respect!of!some!criteria!that!are!not!always!
followed!in!some!distance!learning!platforms!we!analyzed.!This!prevents!the!achievement!of!
international!standards!and!goes!against!the!quality!assurance!mechanisms!and!requirements!of!
the!LMD!reform.!Hence!the!idea!to!propose!a!harmonized!process!for!the!design,!monitoring!
and!evaluation!of!online!courses.!The!overall!objective!of!this!study!is!to!propose!a!scheme!for!
the!harmonization!of!scripts!practices,!to!monitor!and!evaluate!online!courses.!This!will!facilitate!
the!integration!of!online!training!programs!at!UCAD!in!particular,!and!in!AVU’s!partners!
institutions!in!general.!The!research!methodology!consists!of,!among!other!things,!a!literature!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!148!!
search,!an!analysis!of!the!organizational!design!of!online!courses!in!the!areas!of!biology,!
interviews!with!teachers,!designers!and!writers,!the!comparison!of!different!scripting!and!
evaluation!models.!In!terms!of!results,!the!main!goal!is!to!develop!harmonized!tools,!including!a!
harmonized!organizational!model!of!scripting,!a!harmonized!assessment!grid!and!a!conceptual!
framework!that!will!serve!as!a!model!for!the!partner!institutions.!
Keywords:!Architectural!model,!scripting,!monitoring,!evaluation,!biology!
!
!
Session%5:%eLearning%&%Instructional%Design%
%14. Learner!support!in!eLearning:!Featuring!the!devil!in!the!detail.!Presenter(s):+Bona+I.+
Maandera,+The+Virtual+University+of+Uganda!!
Abstract:!Student!support!in!Higher!Education!(HE)!ePlearning!impacts!on!quality,!effectiveness!
and!the!success!of!the!learning!itself.!Do!googling,!SMSPing,!tweeting!21st!century!learners!need!
support!in!eLearning?!Against!the!common!perceptions!of!21st!century!(c21st)!learners!and!
c21st!learning!needs,!this!study!considered!learner!needs!in!the!context!of!the!Virtual!University!
of!Uganda!(VUU).!The!aim!was!to!portray!the!nature!of!student!support!in!a!HE!eLearning!
context,!and!map!it!against!21st!learning!and!learner!needs!expected!in!VUU.!The!immediate!or!
perceived!value!and!effects!are!also!presented.!Two!questions!framed!the!study:!1.!What!kind!of!
support!do!learners!in!the!eLearning!context!of!the!Virtual!University!of!Uganda!need!in!order!to!
optimally!perform!their!learning!duties?!2.!What!features!define!effective!learnerP!and!learningP
support!needs!in!eLearning!at!the!Virtual!University!of!Uganda?!Literature!reviewed!was!used!to!
design!a!conceptual!framework!with!three!skillP!and!competencyPbased!support!categories:!i)!
ICT!literacy!support!ii)!Information!literacy!support!and!iii)!21st!century!learningP,!lifeP!and!
career!literacy!support.!The!nature!of!support!associated!with!these!categories!was!divided!into!
technologyPandPsystem!related!support!and!pedagogicPinstructional!support.!Using!a!descriptive!
qualitative!study!design,!naturally!occurring!data!was!collected!from!openPended!question!items!
in!12!module!evaluation!surveys,!and!specific!student!support!cases!in!a!period!of!18!months.!
Purposeful!sampling!of!modules!allowed!an!adequate!sample!size!and!case!students!were!
selected!to!explore!experiences!of!particular!learners.!Results!show!that!i)!most!support!
requested!fitted!in!the!Information!literacy,!and!c21st!learningP,!life!and!career!literacy!
categories!ii)!onPgoing!pedagogicPinstructional!support!was!expected!by!the!students!in!the!
course!of!all!modules!surveyed,!suggesting!support!in!the!Information!literacy,!and!c21st!
learningP,!life!and!career!literacy!categories.!iii)!technologyPandPsystem!related!support!was!not!
needed!after!the!first!few!weeks!of!the!first!module.!The!effectiveness!of!support!offered!in!
VUU!seemed!defined!by!individual!learner!characteristics!(ICTPrelated!skills!and!competencies),!
access,!timing,!process!and!mode.!The!tapering!of!technologyPandPsystem!related!support!
requested!during!or!after!the!first!month!of!programmes!suggested!some!effectiveness!of!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!149!!
support!offered!in!this!area.!Overall,!student!support!in!VUU!is!both!prePemptive!and!reactive;!
contrary!to!some!literature!suggesting!student!support!in!online!learning!is!preemptive.!Support!
types!tend!to!be!in!the!Information!literacy,!and!c21st!learningP,!life!and!career!literacy!
categories.!And,!support!sought!by!and!given!to!students!in!VUU!does!not!confirm!the!
contention!that!the!perceived!ability!of!c21st!students!to!use!technology!mitigates!an!otherwise!
“significant!challenge”!in!an!ePlearning!context.!Nevertheless,!using!naturally!occurring!data!had!
limitations!on!analysis!and!does!impact!on!inferences!made!in!the!study.!The!classification!
framework!used!may!also!need!more!congruency!validation.!The!study!and!its!limitations!
highlight!and!confirm!the!need!suggested!in!other!studies!and!literature!for!purposeful!and!
empirical!study!in!order!to!improve!the!efficacy!of!access!to!quality!education!and!training!in!
emerging!eLearning!contexts!in!Africa.!Keywords:!ePlearning,!learner!support,!21st!century!learning,!21st!century!learners;!learner!
needs!in!ePlearning!
%15. Exploring!modes!of!education!delivery!in!the!digital!age.!Presenter(s):+Brenda+
Mallinson,+South+African+Institute+for+Distance+Education+(Saide)+South+Africa!!Abstract:!With!the!increasing!availability!and!adoption!of!information!and!communication!
technologies!to!support!teaching!and!learning!in!the!higher!education!sector,!the!variety!and!
blend!of!modes!of!education!provision!or!delivery!in!this!sector!has!expanded!rapidly!for!both!
traditional!onPcampus!and!distance!institutions.!However,!in!order!to!preserve!the!integrity!of!
the!teaching!and!learning!environment,!the!move!towards!blended!and!online!course!delivery!
needs!to!be!considered!carefully!before!embarking!on!a!new!mode!of!education!provision.!In!
particular,!factors!influencing!the!choice!and!extent!of!the!blend!should!be!identified!and!
explored!in!order!to!maximise!the!affordances!of!the!changed!teaching!and!learning!
environment,!while!maintaining!a!pragmatic!approach!within!a!given!context.!!With!this!in!mind,!
the!traditional!distance!vs!contact!education!continuum!of!spatial!separation!of!the!teacher!and!
learner!should!now!be!revisited!and!revised.!Consideration!needs!to!be!given!not!only!to!the!
extent!of!spatial!or!temporal!separation!of!teacher!and!learner,!but!also!the!extent!to!which!
digital!technology!could!or!should!be!used!to!support!teaching!and!learning!in!a!course!or!
programme.!!In!particular,!it!should!be!noted!that!in!the!context!of!a!developing!country,!one!
should!also!consider!forms!of!digital!support!that!do!not!require!Internet!access.!Interlinking!
factors!identified!as!likely!to!inform!decisions!to!be!taken!concerning!mode!of!education!
provision!include:!the!size!of!cohort!enrolment,!learner!demographics,!the!planned!or!
achievable!level!of!mediation!and!facilitation,!the!appropriate!mix!of!synchronous!vs!
asynchronous!activities,!the!pedagogical!approach!to!be!adopted,!and!the!level!of!expertise!of!
the!facilitator!in!the!enhanced!environment.!This!position!paper!suggests!that!in!order!to!
conceptualize!these!factors!in!relation!to!one!other,!a!grid!representing!the!variety!of!
dimensions!should!be!considered!when!planning!the!mode!of!delivery!for!a!particular!
programme!or!course.!Balancing!the!tension!between!the!identified!influencing!factors!would!
inform!a!decision!as!to!where!a!planned!course!or!programme!is!best!located!on!this!grid.!A!
visual!representation!of!where!a!particular!programme,!course!or!unit!of!learning!is!situated!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!150!!
could!assist!in!highlighting!or!establishing!exactly!how!a!course!is!currently!delivered,!provide!a!
substantial!motivation!for!it!being!delivered!in!this!way,!as!well!as!support!the!strategic!planning!
for!where!the!course!should!best!migrate!to!within!the!delivery!context!and!environment.!!!Keywords:!blended!mode,!higher!education,!dimensions,!technology!integration!!!
16. 73Conception:!conception!pour!divers!scénarios!d'enseignement!et!d'apprentissage!:!l'auto3apprentissage,!l'apprentissage!centré!sur!l'apprenant,!l'apprentissage!basé!sur!la!collaboration.!Presenter(s):+Laurence+Rabotovao,+Ecole+Normale+Supérieure+d’Antananarivo,+Madagascar!
!Abstract:!The!Relative!Environmental!Education!system!(REE)!still!lags!far!behind!projected!
expectations!in!several!countries.!This!study!has!tried!to!reduce!factors!blocking!the!flourishing!
of!REE.!In!reality!REE!is!a!difficult!concept!to!understand!in!the!sense!that!its!educative!practices!
have!hardly!been!documented!and!its!theoretical!proposals!are!few.!We!are!thus!trying!to!
design!a!learning!model!based!on!a!profound!study!of!psychology!which!is!the!driver!of!learning!
and!development!of!the!human!being.!This!model!is!selfPlearning,!learner!centered!learning!and!
collaborative!learning.!We!have!used!methods!and!strategies!that!involve!the!students!in!their!
learning.!EPLearning!especially!uses!active!learning,!participatory!training,!metacognition,!
problemPbased!learning,!gamePbased!learning!and!conflict!resolution!etc.!The!aim!is!to!establish!
a!synergy!between!these!learning!scenarios!and!the!ePlearning!technique.!The!term!‘active’!
obviously!refers!to!a!visible!action!but!above!all!it!refers!to!initiative!and!responsibility!on!the!
part!of!the!learner.!In!a!sense,!the!English!terminology!‘active!learning’!better!illustrates!that!it!is!
learning!that!is!active.!LearnerPfocused!was!derived!from!the!constructivist!movement.!It!is!the!
principle,!basis!and!source!or!the!purpose!for!our!learning!scenarios.!The!teacher!must!avail!
work!methods,!strategies!and!learning!processes!to!the!students!that!will!allow!them!to!learn!by!
themselves.!This!version!is!the!result!of!wide!consultations!held!with!psychologists!and!
educators!as!well!as!biodiversity!preservation!professionals!and!REE.!The!aim!is!to!promote!REE!
through!didactical!and!pedagogical!approaches!(creating,!developing!and!multiplying!tools!
amongst!which!(ICT)!for!the!acquisition!of!knowledge,!knowPhow!(aptitude/capacity),!soft!skills!
(attitude/behaviour),!how!to!act.!We!have!conducted!surveys!with!stakeholders!in!REE!who!are!
using!ICT!and!have!documented!their!work!and!also!done!data!analysis!and!interpretation!of!the!
received!data.!We!therefore!noted!that!ePlearning!practice!was!in!line!with!these!learning!
scenarios!where:!a!survey!of!the!actors!was!carried!out!and!inventory!and!increase!of!
tools/techniques/approaches!and!strategies!in!REE/ICT;!observation!of!REE/ICT!practice;!
analysis!on!the!usage!of!ICT!in!REE;!strategy!proposal!to!implement!and!make!it!long!lasting.!EP
learning!will!lead!to!the!adoption!of!modules!on!the!environment!through!a!participatory!
process!based!on!philosophical,!scientific!and!educational!foundations.!The!results!and!
prospects!of!this!educational!endeavor!will!comprise!of!a!strategy!that!is!educational,!
participatory!and!community!based!where!the!public!plays!an!active!role!and!makes!full!use!of!
its!potential!(awareness;!acquisition!of!knowledge;!developing!competency!behaviors!and!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!151!!
encouraging!participation).!Mechanisms!for!these!learning!scenarios!are!centered!on!a!resource!
centre!that!allows!people!to!work!individually!and!where!the!learner!is!master!of!his/her!time.!!
Keywords:!learning,!psychology,!Learners,!‘activePlearning’,!environment!
!!
17. Students'!perceived!challenges!in!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment:!!A!case!of!higher!learning!institutions!in!Nairobi,!Kenya.!Presenter(s):+Maina+Muuro,+Kenyatta+University,+Kenya!
!Abstract:!Despite!the!pedagogical!advantages!of!collaborative!learning,!online!learners!can!perceive!collaborative!learning!process!as!challenging.!The!purpose!of!this!paper!is!to!
investigate!components!of!online!collaborative!learning!which!learners!perceive!as!challenging!
and!also!establish!whether!there!is!any!association!between!students!perceived!use!of!
asynchronous!collaborative!tools!and!their!perceived!level!of!internet!skills.!With!this!aim!in!
mind,!a!survey!was!conducted!in!three!public!universities!and!one!tertiary!college!in!Nairobi!to!
investigate!students’!perceived!challenges!on!an!online!collaborative!learning!environment.!
Purposive!sampling!was!done!to!obtain!students!who!were!undertaking!their!group!work!on!
online!platforms!from!these!institutions.!A!questionnaire!was!designed!with!closePended!items!
to!capture!students’!perceptions!on!the!main!challenges!as!reviewed!in!literature:!and!one!
openPended!item!to!capture!their!worst!experiences!on!an!online!collaborative!task.!The!
questionnaire!was!distributed!via!email!invitations!and!183!students!responded.!Based!on!
descriptive!analysis!on!the!closePended!items!three!major!challenges!(lack!of!feedback!from!
instructors,!lack!of!feedback!from!peers,!lack!of!criticism!on!posted!ideas!from!peers)!were!
highly!perceived!by!students!as!key!components!which!hindered!effective!collaboration!in!an!
online!group!activity.!For!the!openPended!question!the!perceived!challenges!were!coded!and!
categorized!!under!!seven!!themes!!with!!the!!following!!respective!!percentage!!of!!responses:!
(a)low!internet!connectivity,!23.8%;!(b)!lack!of!feedback!from!peers,!20%;!(c)lack!of!feedback!
from!instructor,!11.3%;!(d)unshared!group!workload,!5%;!(e)off!topic!items!posted,!5%;!(f)!
delayed!response!from!group!members,!3.8%;!(g)freePriders,!2.5%;!and!others,!28.6%.!Low!
internet!connectivity!was!rated!as!the!highest!hindrance!(23.8%)!an!indication!that!higher!
institutions!of!learning!in!Nairobi,!Kenya!are!yet!to!offer!good!internet!services!to!their!online!
learners.!In!addition,!lack!of!feedback!both!from!peers!and!instructor!had!a!high!rating.!To!
establish!association!between!internet!skills!and!asynchronous!collaboration!tools,!contingency!
table!analysis!for!test!of!independence!with!chiPsquare!was!done.!Statistical!significance!
association!was!found!only!in!three!cases;!social!media!(p=.000),!chats!(p=.001)!and!mobile!
phones!(p=.046).!It!is!recommended!that!further!research!should!focus!on!how!to!improve!peer!
interaction!and!instructor!involvement!in!an!online!group!activity.!In!addition,!key!challenges!
identified!in!this!paper!should!provide!an!insight!to!educators!on!the!key!areas!of!collaborative!
learning!that!should!be!improved!in!order!to!provide!access!to!quality!education!that!supports!
effective!collaborative!learning!process!in!an!online!learning!environment.!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!152!!
Keywords:!collaborative!learning,!survey,!perceived!challenges,!collaboration!tools,!internet!skills!!
Session%6:%Instructional%Technology/Information%Systems%
!
18. Optimization!of!learning!management!systems!through!systems!integration:!The!case!of!moodle!and!zalongwa!software.!Presenter(s):+Dr.+Juma+Hemed+Lungo,+University+of+Dar\es\Salaam!!
Abstract:!Learning!Management!Systems!(LMS)!are!enabler!of!virtual!learning!mode.!Training!
materials,!communications,!exams,!assignments!and!students!grades!in!virtual!learning!mode!
are!managed!through!LMS.!Popular!LMS!software!includes!Blackboard,!webCT!and!Moodle.!In!
most!higher!learning!institutions!especially!in!Africa,!virtual!learning!are!delivered!in!a!blended!
mode,!which!is!a!mix!of!face!to!face!and!online!learning!using!LMS.!While!LMS!serves!as!
academic!based!information!system,!higher!learning!institutions!make!use!of!administrative!
information!as!standPalone!systems!to!support!management!of!the!institutions.!Common!
administrative!software!categories!includes:!Accounting!packages,!Student!Academic!
Registration!Information!Systems!(SARIS)!and!Human!Resources!Information!Systems.!SARIS!in!
particular,!records!study!programmes,!courses,!student!list,!examinations!results,!
accommodation!services,!etc.!In!most!cases,!administrative!software!is!implemented!first!before!
LMS!come!to!its!existence.!When!it!comes!to!installation!of!LMS,!and!data!entry!process!which!is!
also!implemented!in!the!administrative!systems!is!seen!as!redundant.!Thus,!the!success!of!LMS!
implementation!to!some!extent!depends!on!how!well!the!LMS!is!integrated!to!existing!
management!support!software.!This!paper!shares!a!study!from!a!long!term!project!where!the!
use!of!LMS!was!optimized!due!to!a!successful!integration!of!Moodle!LMS!and!Zalongwa!SARIS.!
The!project!shed!light!that!repetitive!registration!of!students,!study!programmes!and!courses!in!
two!systems!(SARIS!and!LMS)!is!tedious,!confusing!and!slows!down!uptake!of!LMS!use!in!higher!
learning!institutions.!Specifically,!through!the!integration!process!of!the!Zalongwa!SARIS!and!
Moodle!LMS,!courses!and!students!accounts!were!managed!from!the!SARIS!system!and!LMS!
was!just!referring!to!SARIS!to!manage!respective!contents!of!the!courses.!The!paper!also!shares!
challenges!and!opportunities!for!integrating!two!software!which!are!webPbased!and!are!
managed!in!two!different!servers.!Specifically,!the!integration!was!done!through!a!web!service!
approach,!where!the!LMS!systems!query!the!SARIS!system!for!the!student's!year!of!study,!
courses,!username!and!password.!Then!the!LMS!display!appropriate!courses!for!each!candidate!
based!on!the!query!result.!The!end!result!was!that!the!need!for!registering!all!courses!and!
creating!students!accounts!in!two!systems!(LMS!and!SARIS)!was!eliminated.!Since!students!are!
using!the!same!username!and!password!as!in!SARIS,!the!barrier!to!access!learning!materials!in!
LMS!became!a!history.!
Keywords:!Zalongwa!SARIS,!Moodle!LMS,!E3Learning,!Student!Information!Systems,!Integration,!Interoperability!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!153!!
!19. Mobile!computer3supported!collaborative!learning!using!google!apps!for!education!
within!a!mLearning!strategy.!Presenter(s):+Alex+Rayón,+University+of+Deusto,+Spain+(Presented+by+Mariluz+Guenaga,+University+of+Deusto)!!
Abstract:!The!University!of!Deusto!introduced!in!2009!the!suite!of!collaborative!tools!Google!Apps!for!Education.!The!training!of!employees!and!the!promotion!made!for!their!use!as!internal!
workPtools!has!resulted!in!a!deep!organizational!change,!promoting!the!use!of!ICT!for!teaching!
and!learning!strategies!as!well!as!for!management!purposes.!It!has!also!enabled!mobile!learning!
scenarios,!allowing!students’!learning!not!only!in!traditional!classroom!settings,!but!anywhere!
and!anytime!the!student!wants!to.!We!have!also!integrated!Google!Apps!with!other!learning!
management!tools!such!as!ALUD2!(University!of!Deusto’s!Online!Learning!platform),!the!
MoodlePbased!learning!management!system!for!educational!use!(introduced!at!our!University!
back!in!2006),!becoming!the!mixture!of!both!platforms!a!real!virtual!campus.!Students!can!now!
access!to!learning!resources!and!activities!from!laptops!and!other!mobile!devices,!without!
needing!fast!Internet!connections,!since!Moodle!tool!has!been!adapted!to!its!use!on!mobility.!
Besides,!students!are!encouraged!by!teachers!to!use!these!tools!for!their!works!and!duties,!for!
document!and!data!sharing,!as!well!as!for!real!workPgroup!and!collaborative!learning.!In!this!
way,!students!discover!new!advantages!in!the!use!of!CloudPbased!technology!(Moodle!and!
Google!Apps!for!education)!that!provides!many!benefits!for!mobile!computerPsupported!
collaborative!learning.!So,!in!this!paper!we!present!how!the!University!of!Deusto!introduced!
these!tools,!the!different!mobile!and!collaborative!learning!contexts!that!arise!from!the!use!of!
CloudPbased!technologies!such!as!Google!Apps!and!Moodle!for!learning!purpose,!and!the!results!
of!analytics!and!a!survey!done!recently,!ending!up!with!some!conclusions.!Finally,!we!will!show!
some!future!work!we!are!already!planning!for!the!integration!of!this!virtual!campus!that!
emerges!from!the!combination!of!Moodle!and!Google!Apps!for!Education,!with!other!tools!we!
use!for!teachingPlearning!processes!at!the!University!of!Deusto,!such!as!Google+!Hangouts,!
Blackboard!Collaborate,!Concept!board,!Flubaroo,!etc.!
Keywords:!collaborative!learning,!mobile!learning,!Google!Apps,!Moodle,!cloud!technology!!!
20. TALKY.!A!serious!game!to!develop!and!assess!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!competences+.!Presenter(s):++Mariluz+Guenaga,+University+of+Deusto,+Spain!
!Abstract:!DeustoTech!Learning!research!group!is!working!in!TALKY!project,!a!serious!game!that!
aims!to!develop!and!assess!two!generic!competences:!oral!communication!and!interpersonal!
communication.!This!paper!shows!the!design!process!of!the!game;!how!a!multidisciplinary!team!
cooperates!to!create!a!funny!and!educational!game.!Pedagogues!designed!content!and!activities!
that!fulfil!the!competencePbased!learning!model!of!the!University!of!Deusto,!supported!by!more!
than!10!years!of!experience!in!our!grades!and!disseminated!through!the!Tuning!Academy!
program!to!more!than!27!countries.!Digital!serious!games!are!videogames!designed!with!a!
specific!purpose,!in!this!case!educational.!With!this!objective!in!mind!experts!in!leisure!studies!
contributed!with!their!knowledge!about!games!and!leisure!to!transform!traditional!material!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!154!!
used!in!facePtoPface!classes!into!interactive!games.!Finally,!learning!technologists!integrated!and!
coordinated!the!work!to!design!a!multiplayer!and!multiplatform!adventure!game,!developed!
with!our!own!game!engine!using!HTML5!and!Javascript!technologies.!CompetencePbased!
learning!is!the!base!of!future!professionals,!who!will!need!to!demonstrate!not!only!knowledge!
but!abilities!and!skills.!It!is!difficult!to!transform!traditional!methodologies!of!teaching!and!
assessing!competences!to!an!ICTPbased!strategy,!but!the!benefits!and!possibilities!of!technology!
in!education!makes!it!worth.!Moreover,!a!serious!game!adds!a!motivating!and!funny!perspective!
that!increases!students’!involvement,!though!it!also!increases!the!difficulty!of!design.!First!of!all!
we!carried!out!a!review!of!research!and!experimental!studies!in!the!areas!of!the!project,!and!
worked!on!a!market!survey!about!commercial!games.!In!parallel!we!discussed!the!criteria!to!
select!one!or!more!generic!competences!to!develop!in!the!serious!game.!The!key!factors!to!
select!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!competences!were!the!gameplay,!the!possibility!of!
interaction!among!players!and!their!importance!in!the!curriculum!of!several!grades!and!
postgraduate!studies!at!the!University.!In!the!paper!we!present!the!benefits!and!problems!faced!
during!the!project,!how!the!cooperation!among!professional!from!different!fields!is!essential!for!
the!success!of!this!kind!of!multidisciplinary!projects,!and!how!project!members!integrate!
different!points!of!view!to!enrich!the!serious!game.!
Keywords:!serious!game,!learning,!generic!competence,!oral!and!interpersonal!communication!!!!
21. Structuration!et!management!du!e3learning!pour!mieux!gérer!les!sureffectifs!d’étudiants!à!l’UCAD!(Structuring!and!management!of!ePlearning!to!better!manage!the!students!in!UCAD).!Presenter(s):+Dr.+Ndiougou+Ndiaye,+Université+Cheick+Anta+Diop,+Dakar,+Sénégal!
!Abstract:!The!purpose!of!this!paper!was!to!examine!the!challenges!facing!the!introduction!and!
management!of!distance!learning!(DL)!at!UCAD.!!The!study!was!conducted!using!interviews!
(Faculty!Deans,!Graduate!school!managers,!Distance!Learning!Project!Coordinators)!and!
questionnaires!(170!teachers!and!400!students)!from!6!Faculties!and!5!Graduate!schools!of!
UCAD.!Information!and!Communication!Technologies!have!raised!great!expectations!in!Africa,!in!
all!areas!of!economic!and!social!life,!especially!in!education.!This!expectation!is!all!the!greater!in!
higher!education!given!the!numerous!needs!and!challenges!it!has!to!respond!to:!!student!
massification,!particularly!at!undergraduate!levels,!shortage!of!learning!facilities!and!lack!of!
qualified!lecturers,!etc.!A!few!Schools!and!institutes!at!UCAD!offer!or!used!to!offer!distance!
learning!courses,!but!their!current!pricing!policies!and!the!types!of!students!attending!them!
would!seem!to!exclude!traditional!ordinary!students.!Does!this!mean!that!DL!will!be!limited!to!
an!elite?!This!raises!the!issue!as!to!the!focus!and!strategy!that!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!University!
should!develop!in!order!to!arrive!at!a!coherent!DL!policy.!In!the!end,!it!is!realized!that!the!
introduction!of!DL!at!UCAD!is!a!multiPspeed!process!where!coherence!does!not!seem!to!be!a!
strong!aspect.!In!addition,!the!umbrella!institution,!i.e.!UCAD,!has!yet!to!derive!significant!
benefits!from!Open!and!Distance!Learning.!Strategies!for!dealing!with!massification!through!ICTs!
and!DL!vary!widely!and!are!perceived!differently.!How!can!we!use!such!tools!to!resolve!the!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!155!!
problems!of!overcrowding!faced!by!some!faculties?!Moreover,!we!found!that!institutions!where!
distance!learning!is!well!developed!or!which!have!ongoing!projects!face!no!massification!
problem.!!In!return,!it!is!noted!that!institutions!that!encounter!this!problem!have!no!distance!
education!project!in!place.!This!is!all!the!more!paradoxical!as,!officially,!one!of!the!main!reasons!
behind!the!policy!for!introducing!DL!in!higher!education!is!to!address!massification.!Thus,!the!
problem!is!the!absence!of!a!coherent!distance!education!policy!with!an!implementation!plan!
and!clearly!identified!objectives,!and,!above!all,!to!answer!the!question:!what!do!we!do!distance!
learning!for?!In!the!absence!of!a!comprehensive!vision,!everyone!is!managing!something,!
somewhere,!without!any!visibility.!Fortunately,!the!Technological!and!Learning!Resource!Centre,!
former!Centre!de!Calcul!(Computer!Centre),!has!been!increasingly!involved!in!the!development!
of!Distance!Learning!over!the!past!few!months.!!The!Centre!has!become!a!pedagogical!as!well!as!
a!university!teaching!and!research!support!unit.!The!issue!now!is!whether!this!structure!can!play!
a!meaningful!role!in!the!management!of!Distance!learning!within!UCAD.!KeyPwords:!ePlearning,!massification,!pedagogical!innovation,!educational!technology!
!
Session%8:%ICTs%&%Educational/Social%Context%
The!entire!session!8!was!cancelled,!none!of!presenters!made!it!to!the!conference!
Infrastructure!and!access!for!open!and!distance!learning:!Experiences!from!Zimbabwe!Moffat+Chitapa+Tarusikirwa+PhD,!Zimbabwe!Open!University!Fracture!numérique!et!développement!en!Afrique!Fatima+Zohra+Sossi+Alaoui,!Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!Morocco!Mustapha+Machrafi+,+Institut!des!Etudes!Africaines,!Rabat,!!Morocco!Les!freins!à!l'intégration!des!TIC!en!pratiques!enseignantes!dans!le!contexte!scolaire!tunisien!+Souad++Abdelwahed,!Centre!National!d’Innovation!Pédagogique!et!de!Recherche!en!Education!!!!!(CNIPRE),!Tunisia!***************************%
Session%9:%Curriculum/Program%Development%%
!22. Students’!understanding!of!research!as!praxis!in!a!distance!education!postgraduate!
programme.!Presenters(s):+Prof+William+Fraser,+University+of+Pretoria+South+Africa!!Abstract:!The!Department!of!Higher!Education!(DHE)!recently!announced!that!a!supervised!
research!project!has!to!form!part!of!the!BEd!(Hons)!program!that!follows!a!first!degree!in!the!
South!African!context.!This!requirement!is!challenging!and!is!complicating!the!delivery!of!many!
distance!education!programs,!as!it!means!that!2000+!students!have!to!be!allocated!supervisors!
annually.!Honors!!programs!normally!cover!the!theory!of!educational!research!well,!and!allow!
students!to!engage!in!a!research!project!of!choice.!The!main!purpose!of!the!study!was!twofold.!
It!wished!to!determine!how!distance!learners!perceive!research!as!praxis!in!the!first!place,!and!
secondly!sought!to!understand!how!a!supervised!research!project!can!be!managed!to!meet!the!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!156!!
requirements!of!the!DHE.!The!paper!reports!on!a!quantitative!study!conducted!on!a!stratified!
sample!of!984!respondents!(25%!return!of!4000!questionnaires!mailed!to!students)!in!2011.!The!
students!were!mostly!practicing!teachers!and!school!managers!enrolled!for!a!BEd!(Hons)!
programme!in!Education!Management!and!Policy!Studies.!The!majority!of!them!were!drawn!
conveniently!from!Gauteng!Province,!followed!by!the!Eastern!Cape,!Mpumalanga!Province,!the!
Free!State!and!the!Western!Cape!in!South!Africa.!!
!
Kincheloe’s!framework!demarcating!the!teacher!as!researcher,!Korthagen’s!work!on!practiceP
theory,!and!the!critical!theory!of!Habermas!served!as!theoretical!framework!to!the!study.!
Categories!dealing!with!the!purpose!of!research,!teachers’!perceptions!of!research,!sources!of!
research!information,!participants!in!the!research!process,!classroom!learners!as!researchers,!
teachers’!qualities!as!researchers,!and!the!contribution!of!research!to!professional!
development,!were!covered!in!a!114Pitem!questionnaire!where!respondents!had!to!reply!on!a!
fivePpoint!Likert!scale.!The!statistical!analysis!commenced!with!a!descriptive!analysis!across!all!
variables,!followed!by!the!ranking!of!responses!across!the!different!items.!The!data!was!then!
subjected!to!a!principal!component!factor!analysis,!while!inferential!chiPsquare!estimations!
were!conducted!across!selected!variables.!The!overall!ranking!of!responses,!as!well!as!the!
opinions!of!teachers!revealed!the!importance!of!research!for!the!promotion!of!critical!thinking,!
while!the!principal!component!factor!analysis!exposed!factors!such!as!professional!development!
through!research,!the!development!of!learners!as!researchers,!and!teachers’!resistance!and!
reservations!towards!research,!respectively.!The!paper!finally!illustrates!how!managers!
introduced!students!innovatively!to!supervised!research,!but!also!highlights!the!pitfall!that!
accompanies!such!intervention.!Notwithstanding!their!understanding!of!research!as!praxis,!
many!students!still!performed!poorly!in!the!research!projects!leading!to!foreseeable!delays!in!
graduation.!!!
Keywords:!Research!as!praxis;!Professional!Development;!Distance!Education;!Supervised!
Research;!Postgraduate!Programme!
!!
23. Le!locuteur!natif!à!distance,!une!alternative!à!l’assistant!pour!l’apprentissage!autodirigé!des!langues!étrangères!(The!native!speaker,!an!alternative!assistant!to!the!self3directed!learning!of!foreign!languages).!Presenter(s):+Jacinto+Cipriano+Banze+Junior,+Universidade+Pedagógica,+Moçambique!
%Abstract:!A!selfPdirected!system!of!learning!was!established!at!the!Department!of!French!at!the!
Teaching!University!in!Beira,!Mozambique!in!2005.!This!was!as!a!result!of!analysis!carried!out!on!
future!teachers!as!well!as!their!trainers!on!teaching!practices.!The!trainers!assist!the!future!
teachers!learn!to!learn!and!intervene!when!there!is!need,!whereas!the!trainee!activities!aim!at!
the!acquisition!of!selfPlearning!and!language!competence.!In!order!to!be!competent!in!a!
language,!the!trainees!learn!by!themselves!using!authentic!documents!and!interacting!with!
native!speakers.!They!then!test!their!level!of!learning!by!contrasting!knowledge!and!knowPhow!
gained!with!that!of!authentic!documents!and!interaction!with!native!speakers.!However!in!Beira!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!157!!
the!physical!presence!of!native!speakers!is!low.!They!were!incorporated!into!the!program!which!
was!kicked!off!in!2005;!and!they!came!in!as!foreign!language!assistants!hired!by!the!French!
Government.!The!program!was!established!within!the!framework!of!the!teacher!training!
support!project!for!teachers!of!French!as!a!Foreign!Language.!After!the!project!ended!in!2009,!it!
ran!short!of!native!speakers.!In!order!to!fill!the!gap,!we!put!in!place!a!distance!conversation!
program!with!the!help!of!a!video!conference!tool!called!Ooovo.!In!a!way,!it!is!a!response!to!the!
current!demand!for!the!use!of!ICT!in!educational!systems.!This!in!itself!an!innovation!in!selfP
directed!learning!because!normally!interaction!between!native!speakers!and!nonPnative!
speakers!usually!occur!physically:!As!highlighted!by!the!case!of!SAAS!of!CRAPEL!GREMMO!
(2003).!Five!trainees!and!two!native!speakers!participated!in!broadcast!discussions!and!the!
conversations!were!recorded!and!transcribed!with!the!help!of!transcribing!and!annotation!
software!(Elan).!Results!from!the!data!analysis!allow!us!to!conclude!that!the!trainers!and!the!
native!speakers!carry!out!their!tasks!in!the!target!language:!learning!of!the!language!and!
evaluation!of!the!knowledge!acquired;!communication!partner,!informant!in!language!and!
culture,!successively.!!
Keywords:!selfPdirected!learning,!native!speaker,!broadcast!discussions,!video!conferencing,!
learning!to!learn!
!!
24. The!design!and!development!of!the!diploma!program!on!social!enterprise!and!development:!Towards!an!open!learning!policy.!Presenter(s):+Jos.+H.A.N.+Rikers,+Open+Universiteit,+The+Netherlands+&+Alberto+Parise,+Tangaza+University+College,+ISMM,+Kenya!
!
Abstract:!The!design!and!development!of!the!diploma!program!on!social!enterprise!and!
development:!Towards!an!open!learning!policy.!The!Social!Entrepreneurship!collaboration!
project!between!Tangaza!University!College!/!ISMM!and!the!Dutch!Open!Universiteit!focusses!
on!the!innovation!of!the!teaching!policy!at!the!Nairobi!based!institution.!ISMM!is!targeting!
professionals!that!seek!education!in!the!field!of!social!transformation!and!require!the!
competences!to!become!change!agents!and!job!creators.!For!this!mission!the!institute!has!
adopted!an!adult!education!concept.!The!institute’s!mission!leads!to!an!innovation!policy!for!the!
teaching!activities.!This!leads!to!the!introduction!of!educational!innovation!in!the!teaching!and!
at!the!same!time!a!different!approach!in!the!process!leading!to!curriculum!decisions.!The!latter!
becoming!more!and!more!the!result!of!partnerships!with!relevant!parties!in!society.!The!main!
objective!for!the!project!is!to!monitor!the!process!of!curriculum!design!and!development!for!eP
learning!based!materials!for!one!diploma!program,!as!well!as!to!collect!evidence!and!practical!
experience!for!further!policy!development!and!implementation.!Especially!the!question!how!to!
organise!the!development!of!learning!materials!based!on!OER!is!relevant!for!the!development!of!
an!open!learning!policy.!
Although!many!of!the!aspects!and!elements!of!the!innovation!that!is!aimed!for!are!already!in!
place!or!underway!(EPlearning!platform;!trained!staff;!dedicated!adult!learning!based!programs)!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!158!!
there!is!a!need!for!more!focus!and!progress!in!the!developments,!given!the!limited!resources!
available.!For!this!purpose!ISMM!engaged!in!the!collaboration!with!the!OUNL!in!order!to!create!
focus!and!momentum!in!the!curriculum!innovation!process.!At!the!same!time!the!project!
evaluation!provides!solid!information!that!helps!to!shape!the!direction!of!future!innovation!and!
to!take!the!decisions!needed!in!the!development!of!new!programs!or!the!revision!of!existing!
programs!as!well!as!the!development!of!an!open!learning!policy.!Especially!the!challenge!to!run!
programs!in!dual!mode!requires!that!the!institute!pays!special!attention!to!the!course!design!
and!development!process.!The!results!presented!address!design!and!development!issues!and!
the!support!level!for!innovative!teaching!in!the!institute,!where!data!are!presented!from!staff!
and!management!interviews!and!a!student!and!alumni!survey.!These!data!were!collected!after!a!
capacity!building!workshop,!and!before!the!actual!start!of!the!development!process.!In!later!
stages,!not!in!this!paper,!the!development!process,!especially!the!use!of!the!4CPID!development!
model,!as!well!as!findings!on!the!end!product!will!be!reported.!The!results!show!a!positive!
attitude!towards!the!proposed!innovations!amongst!all!stakeholders.!Hesitations!reported!are!
on!copyright,!contracting!course!authors!and!organisational!issues!around!the!introduction!of!eP
learning.!In!the!paper!these!issues!will!be!addressed.!In!the!conclusions!section!attention!will!be!
paid!to!the!consequences!for!the!development!of!an!open!learning!policy.!
Keywords:!curriculum!development,!ICT,!OER,!open!learning!policy,!adult!education!
!
Session%10:%OER%Crowdsourcing%Panel%Presentation%
!25. Cross3cultural!crowdsourcing:!A!method!for!sharing!OERs!across!language!barriers!
Presenter(s):+Griff+Richards+PhD,+African+Virtual+University,+Nairobi,+Kenya!!Crowdsourcing!is!the!recruitment!and!coordination!of!collectively!accomplish!a!task!that!would!
otherwise!take!enormous!resources!and!time.!It!can!be!a!useful!strategy!in!education,!
particularly!where!community!building!encourages!individuals!with!subject!matter!expertise!to!
collaboratively!write,!translate!and!maintain!open!educational!resources!(OER).!OERs!are!of!
interest!to!educators!in!Africa!but,!to!be!of!maximum!value,!OERs!need!to!be!localized!for!
context!and!for!language.!Drawing!from!case!studies!from!three!institutions!in!different!
countries,!the!panel!will!examine!motivations!and!tactics!for!mobilizing!volunteers!with!
language!skills!and!subject!matter!expertise,!who!can!localize!educational!materials!without!
losing!technical!precision.!The!objective!of!the!panel!is!to!provide!a!framework!for!the!
development,!adaptation,!and!maintenance!of!OERs!using!crowdsourcing,!with!a!focus!on!
models!for!collaborative!translation!by!a!community!of!multilingual!volunteers,!who!are!
recruited!and!engaged!primarily!over!the!Internet.!Hiring!professional!translators,!especially!
ones!with!highly!technical!vocabulary!is!expensive.!Crowdsourcing!is!therefore!a!lowPcost!
alternative,!which!produces!translations!that!are!far!more!authentic!and!precise!than!the!
alternative!computer!translations.!Crowdsourcing!not!only!provides!a!pool!of!talent,!but!it!
provides!engagement!and!the!potential!of!attracting!diversity!and!creativity,!however,!
organizations!wanting!to!crowd!source!talent!will!run!into!certain!challenges.!Using!the!methods!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!159!!
of!participation,!observation,!and!reflection,!the!three!panelists!analyzed!the!translation!
projects!of!their!respective!organizations:!textbooks!from!African!Virtual!University,!textbooks!
from!Siyavula,!and!videos!from!University!of!Michigan.!By!comparing!and!contrasting!the!
translation!processes!used!at!these!three!organizations,!the!panelists!identified!a!common!
framework!for!effectively!recruiting!and!coordinating!volunteer!translation!for!OERs.!They!found!
that!the!key!to!a!successful!crowdsourcing!activity!is!to!keep!projects!well!planned,!with!a!clear!
statement!of!outcome!and!a!reasonable!deadline,!and!to!ensure!that!the!proper!tools,!training!
and!supports!are!available.!It!is!important!not!to!burn!out!the!contributors!but!to!reward!them!
with!recognition!of!their!individual!contributions!and!updates!on!the!accomplishments!as!a!
team.!A!wellPnurtured!community!of!volunteers!is!capable!of!completing!several!projects!in!a!
quality!fashion,!and!evolving!to!be!a!major!change!force!for!local,!national!and!global!impact.!
The!three!case!studies!examined!therefore!demonstrate!that,!if!properly!coordinated,!
crowdsourcing!can!be!an!effective!method!to!adapt!and!translate!learning!materials,!including!
ones!with!highly!technical!vocabulary.!Each!of!the!three!projects!embraced!technology!to!
streamline!the!translation!process,!but!it!was!the!community!of!volunteers!who!were!the!
essential!component!to!producing!a!highPquality!final!product.!Using!academic,!professional,!
and!community!networks!for!education!and!language,!nonprofit!organizations!can!connect!with!
volunteers!who!have!the!level!of!language!and!subject!matter!expertise!required!for!reliable!
translation!of!education!content.!Community!building!activities!such!as!inPperson!translation!
sessions!and!public!recognition!(e.g.!badges,!press!releases,!blog!posts)!were!important!for!
motivating!volunteers.!By!adopting!these!coordination!methods,!the!volunteers!proudly!offered!
some!of!their!time!for!translation.!The!result!is!a!wide!dissemination!of!materials!across!
language!boundaries.!
Keywords:!crowdsourcing,!languages,!community,!collaboration,!sustainability!
!26. Volunteer!translation!of!open!textbooks!in!South!Africa.!Presenter(s):++Bridget+Nash,+
Siyavula+Education,+Cape+Town,+South+Africa!!
SIYAVULA!which!means!we!are!opening!was!created!with!an!objective!of!working!with!
communities!to!translate!mathematics!and!science!books!both!at!primary!and!secondary.!In!the!
long!run,!they!hope!to!cover!all!subjects.!It!is!a!social!company!that!offers!free!and!open!
resources.!Majority!of!their!books!are!translated!by!volunteers!and!they!use!open!sources.!
Content!is!released!under!open!licenses.!So!far!up!to!500,000!entries!are!shown!per!month.!The!
issue!they!are!currently!grappling!with!is!the!quality!of!good!translation.!!
27. Crowdsourcing!video!translations!for!a!global!network!for!health!education.!Presenter(s):+Kathleen+Ludewig+Omollo,+University+of+Michigan,+Ann+Arbor,+USA!
!
The!presenter!outlined!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing!which!speeds!up!content!creation!and!
ensures!one!gets!collaborators.!It!also!presents!a!scenario!where!one!can!easily!target!the!
audience.!She!presented!on!the!various!videos!on!health!education!material!that!had!been!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!160!!
translated!using!the!concept!of!crowdsourcing.!The!main!challenge!in!this!concept!was!having!
translation!done!in!time!and!maintaining!the!quality!of!the!content!across!languages.!
%!
!
! !
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!161!!
33. Concept%Note:%Research%&%Development%!
I. !Rationale!–!Research!and!Development!!The!purpose!of!this!concept!note!is!to!present!the!research!and!development!component!of!the!
Phase!II.!Research!topics!will!include:!
• content!development!process!for!each!program!!• Programs!delivery!!• open!distance!and!eLearning!as!mean!to!increase!access!to!quality!education!!• Science!and!Technology!education!in!Africa!• Education!policies!• Integration!of!ICT!in!Education!• Unlocking!the!potential!of!Mobile!learning!• Gender!and!education,!especially!in!science!and!technology!!
!
II. Methodology!!The!research!activities!shall!cut!across!all!components:!
• Policy!harmonization!Publications!!• set!up!a!research!unit!at!AVU!• Annual! conference! witch! will! coincide! with! the! annual! quality! assurance!
meeting!of!the!project.!!• Experiment!on!new!trends!in!education;!ex.!mobile!learning!
!
2. Research!Policy!Harmonization!!The!research!agenda!shall!be!agreed!upon!during!this!work.!!
!
3. An!online!AVU!peer!reviewed!journal!!!!!!!!!A!research!unit!coordinating!this!activity!will!be!based!at!AVU!!
!
4. Annual!Conference!!Annual! conference! which! will! coincide! with! the! annual! quality! assurance!meeting! of! the!
project.! Partner! Institutions! and! Virtual! consortia! will! be! invited! to! join! the! conference.!
Target!200!sponsored!participants!
!
5. Mobile!learning!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!162!!
Bring! educationist! and! private! sector! together! experiment! usage! of! Mobile! phone! in!
education!and!proposed!best!practices.!This!will!involve!buying!equipments.!
!
The!AVU!will!use!mobile!phones!in!its!blended!mode!of!course!delivery!for!the!following!
programs:!
1. Integration!of!ICTs!in!Education!courses!delivered!in!Kenya!jointly!by!AVU!and!the!University!of!Nairobi,!in!Tanzania!by!the!AVU!and!the!Open!University!of!Tanzania!,!and!Senegal!by!the!AVU!and!Université!Cheick!Anta!Diop!
2. Certificate!in!Renewable!energies!delivered!in!our!francophone!network!in!West!Africa.!!
3. Online!seminars,!conferences!that!AVU!plan!to!deliver!live!throughout!the!continent.!!
!
This!component!of!the!research!and!development!program!will!document!AVU!experiment!
on!the!use!of!mobile!phones!in!delivering!online!(synchronous!and!asynchronous)!programs,!
blended!mode!of!delivery!(mix!of!online!and!facePtoPface),!and!recommend!the!best!
practices!adapted!to!the!African!continent.!
The!use!of!mobile!phones!in!program!delivery!has!the!potential!to!facilitate!access!to!
education!in!Africa!and!therefore!to!contribute!to!the!democratization!of!quality!education.!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!98!!!
20. List%of%Presenters%No.$ Name$ Gend
er$Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
Anglophone$1. ! Ms.!Bona!I.!Maandera! F! Lecturer! The!Virtual!University!of!Uganda! Uganda!2. ! Dr.!Najim!Ussiph! M! Lecturer! Kwame!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!&!!
Technology,!Kumasi!Ghana!
3. ! Ms.!Catherine!Wangeci! F! Project!Manager! African!Virtual!University! Kenya!4. ! Dr.!Anne!A.!Assey! F! Senior!Lecturer! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!
5. ! Mr.!Elizaphan!Muuro!Maina! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!6. ! Mr.!John!Kandiri! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!7. ! Mr.!Ronald!M.!Michieka! M! Lecturer! Masinde!Muliro!University! Kenya!
8. ! Prof.!Henry!W.!Mutoro! M! DVC!Academic!Affairs! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!9. ! Dr.!Elias!Kaphesi! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Malawi\The!Polytechnic! Malawi!10. ! Dr.!Grace!Stephenson!Banda! F! Lecturer$ Lilongwe!Teachers!College! Malawi!11. ! Mr.!Rikers!Jos! M! Policy!Adviser! Open!Universiteit!Netherlands! Netherlands!12. ! Mr.!Willem!Van!Valkenburg! M! Director!Open!Education! Delft!University!of!Technology!! Netherlands!
13. ! Dr.!Ogidan!Rotimi! M! Deputy!Director!Learner!Support! National!Open!University!of!Nigeria! Nigeria!14. ! Ms.!Brenda!Mallinson! F! Programme!Specialist!Learning!
Technologies!!South!African!Institute!for!Distance!Education!(SIDE)!
South!Africa!
15. ! Ms.!Bridget!Nash! F! Community!Coordinator/Project!Manager!
Siyavula!Education! South!Africa!
16. ! Prof.!William!Fraser! M! Head!of!Department!Science,!Maths!and!Technical!Education!
University!of!Pretoria! South!Africa!
17. ! Mariluz!Guenaga! M! \! University!of!Deusto! Spain!18. ! Mr.!Ignasi!Labastida! M! Head!of!Office!for!knowledge!
Dissemination!!Universitat!de!Barcelona/!Creative!Commons!
Spain!
19. ! Prof.!Alex!Rayon! M$ Lecturer!and!researcher$ University!of!Deusto! Spain!
20. ! Prof.!Ezra!Maritim! M! Board!Member! The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!
21. ! Dr.!Damasen!Ikwaba!Paul! M! Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!99!!!
22. ! Dr.!Juma!Hemed!Lungo! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!23. ! Mr.!Joel!S.!Mtebe! M! Assistant!Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!24. ! Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara! F! Assistant!Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!25. ! Prof.!Bisanda!Elifas! M! Deputy!Vice\Chancellor!(Academic)! The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!
26. ! Prof.!Daphne!Koller! F! Professor!of!computer!science;!co\Founder!and!co\CEO,!Coursera!
Stanford!University! USA!
27. ! Ms.!Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo! F! MSIS!International!Program!Manager!
University!of!Michigan!Medical!School! USA!
28. ! Prof.!Charles!Isbell! M! Professor!and!Senior!Associate!Dean! Georgia!Institute!of!Technology!! USA!
29. ! Prof.!Diafuka!Saila\Ngita! M! Research!Assistant!Professor! Tufts!University! USA!30. ! Prof.!James!Glapa\Grossklag! M! Dean! College!of!the!Canyons! USA!31. ! Dr.!Griff!Richards! M! Manager,!Educational!Technology!
and!Learning!Resources!African!Virtual!University! Kenya!
32. ! James!Wachira! M! ICT!Assistant! African!Virtual!University! Kenya!33. ! Mr.!Franklin!Mutahakana! M! Senior!Program!Officer! African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!
(ACBF)!Zimbabwe!
34. ! Prof.!Chipo!Dyanda! F! DVC\Academic! University!of!Zimbabwe! Zimbabwe!
Francophone$35. ! Dr.!Laurence!Rabotovao!
Ramanandraisoa!F$ Enseignant\chercheur,!Responsable!!
Centre!d’éducation$Université!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!
36. ! Prof.!Jean!Claude!Omer!Andrianarimanana!
M$ Directeur$ Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!
37. ! Dr.!Ndiaye!Ndiougou! M$ Chercheur,!Expert!e\learning!/!formation!à!distance/!TICE$
UCAD\Dakar! Senegal!
38. ! Dr.!Sarr!Mamadou! M$ Coordinateur!de!la!formation!à!distance!!(FAD)$
UCAD!/FASTEF! Senegal!
39. ! Prof.!Ibrahim!Niang! M! Directeur!Centre!de!ressources!Technologiques!et!Pédagogiques!!
Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!de!Dakar! Senegal!
Lusophone$40. ! Prof.!Banze!Junior!Jacinto!
Cipriano!M$ Chefe!do!Departemento!Central$ Université!Pedagogiqué! Mozambique!
!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!100!!!
21. List%of%Delegates%!No.$ Name$ Gender$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
Anglophone$41. ! Ms.!Bona!I.!Maandera! F! Lecturer! The!Virtual!University!of!Uganda! Britain!42. ! Dr.!Taye!Tolemariam!Ejeta! M! \! Jimma!University! Ethiopia!43. ! Dr.!Najim!Ussiph! M! Lecturer! Kwame!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!&!!
Technology,!Kumasi!Ghana!
44. ! Mr.!Joshua!C.!Mallet! M! Director! CENDLOS\MOE! Ghana!
45. ! Prof.!Mawuadem!Koku!Amedeker!
M! AG.!Director,!Quality!Assurance!Unit!
University!of!Education,!Winneba,!Ghana! Ghana!
46. ! Prof.!Odai!Samuel!Nii! M! Pro!Vice\Chancellor! Kwame!Nkurumah!University!of!Science!&!Technology!
Ghana!
47. ! Prof.!Haruo!Takemura! M! Director,!Teaching!and!Learning!Support!Centre!
Osaka!University! Japan!
48. ! Mr.!Larry!Cooperman! M! Board!Member! ! Kenya!
49. ! Dr.!Anne!A.!Assey! F! Senior!Lecturer! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!
50. ! Dr.!Beatrice!Khamati!Njenga! F! Head,!Education!Unit! African!Union! Kenya!
51. ! Dr.!Speranza!Ndege! F! Director,!ODEL! Kenyatta!University/!Open!University!of!Kenya! Kenya!52. ! Eng.!Martin!M.!Nzomo! M! Ag.!Dean!School!of!Engineering!
&!Technology!!Kenyatta!University! Kenya!
53. ! Guantai!Mboroki! M! Deputy!Chairman,!Technical!Committee!
Open!University!of!Kenya! Kenya!
54. ! Mr.!Elizaphan!Muuro!Maina! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!55. ! Mr.!James!M.!Kiburi! M! Representing!Principal!
Secretary\Education!Ministry!of!Education!Science!and!Technology! Kenya!
56. ! Mr.!John!Kandiri! M! Lecturer$ Kenyatta!University! Kenya!57. ! Mr.!Ronald!M.!Michieka! M! Lecturer! Masinde!Muliro!University! Kenya!
58. ! Mrs.!Sabellah!Mochire! F! Lecturer! Rift!Valley!Institute!of!Science!and!Technology! Kenya!
59. ! Ms.!Fenny!W.!S.!Mwakisha! F! Director!Higher!Education! Ministry!of!Education!Science!and!Technology! Kenya!
60. ! Ms.!Lucy!M.!Gitau! F! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!101!!!
61. ! Prof.!Henry!W.!Mutoro! M! DVC!Academic!Affairs! University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!62. ! Prof.!Rose!Mwonya! F! DVC!Academic! Egerton!!University! Kenya!
63. ! Dr.!Elias!Kaphesi! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Malawi\The!Polytechnic! Malawi!64. ! Dr.!Grace!Stephenson!Banda! F! Lecturer$ Lilongwe!Teachers!College! Malawi!65. ! Mr.!Bikers!Jos! M! Policy!Adviser! Open!Universiteit!Netherlands! Netherlands!66. ! Mr.!Willem!Van!Valkenburg! M! Director!Open!Education! Delft!University!of!Technology!! Netherlands!
67. ! Dr.!Ogidan!Rotimi! M! Deputy!Director!Learner!Support!
National!Open!University!of!Nigeria! Nigeria!
68. ! Mrs.!Aaron!Vera!Anap! F! Tutor!I! University!of!Jos! Nigeria!
69. ! Prof.!Andrew!Ighofouwe!Joe!! M! Deputy!Vice\!Chancellor!and!National!Coordinator,!AVU!
University!of!Port!Harcourt!! Nigeria!
70. ! Prof.!Mafiana!Chiedu!Felix! M! Director,!Quality!Assurance! National!Universities!Commission! Nigeria!71. ! Mr.!Kayumba!Theogene! M! Director!of!ICT!in!Education/!
Coordinator!of!AVU!project!Phase!II!!
Ministry!of!Education! Rwanda!
72. ! Mr.!Omar!Ali!Abdillahi! M! Vice\President!for!Academic!Affairs!!
Amoud!University! Somaliland!
73. ! Ms.!Brenda!Mallinson! F! Programme!Specialist!Learning!Technologies!!
South!African!Institute!for!Distance!Education!(SIDE)!
South!Africa!
74. ! Ms.!Bridget!Nash! F! Community!Coordinator/Project!Manager!
Siyavula!Education! South!Africa!
75. ! Prof.!William!Fraser! M! Head!of!Department!Science,!Maths!and!Technical!Education!
University!of!Pretoria! South!Africa!
76. ! Prof.!Aggrey!Abate! M! University!of!Juba! Vice\Chancellor! South!Sudan!
77. ! Dr.!Benjamin!Gabriel!Apai! M! Director!General! Ministry!of!Education!Science!and!Technology!! South!Sudan!
78. ! Mr.!Ignasi!Labastida! M! Head!of!Office!for!knowledge!Dissemination!!
Universitat!de!Barcelona/!Creative!Commons! Spain!
79. ! Prof.!Alex!Rayon! M$ Lecturer!and!researcher$ University!of!Deusto! Spain!
80. ! Prof.!Ezra!Maritim! M! Board!Member! The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!
81. ! Dr.!Damasen!Ikwaba!Paul! M! Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!102!!!
82. ! Dr.!Juma!Hemed!Lungo! M! Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!83. ! Dr.!Mussa!M.!Kissaka! M! Director! University!of!Dar!es!salaam! Tanzania!84. ! Mr.!Chacha!Musabi!Mariba! M! National!Coordinator! Ministry!of!Education! Tanzania!85. ! Mr.!Joel!S.!Mtebe! M! Assistant!Lecturer$ University!of!Dar\es\salaam! Tanzania!86. ! Ms.!Zamzam!Ibrahim!Nyandara! F! Assistant!Lecturer$ The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!87. ! Prof.!Bisanda!Elifas! M! Deputy!Vice\Chancellor!
(Academic)!The!Open!University!of!Tanzania! Tanzania!
88. ! Prof.!Makenya!A.!H.!Maboko! M! Deputy!Vice!Chancellor\Academic!
University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!
89. ! Dr.!Omar!Jah! M! Deputy!Vice!Chancellor!Administration!and!Finance!
University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
90. ! Mr.!Momodou!Katim!Touray! M! Deputy!Permanent!Secretary!Programmes!
Ministry!of!Higher!Education,!Research,!Science!and!Technology!
The!Gambia!
91. ! Mr.!Kayanja!Julius!Mawejje! M! Director!of!Studies! Norfolk!Vocational!Institute/!Revival!University!
Uganda!
92. ! Prof.!Nabugoomu!Fabian! M! Deputy!Vice!Chancellor(Finance!and!Administration)!
Kyambogo!University! Uganda!
93. ! Ms.!Forward!Mary!Lou! F! Executive!Director! OpenCourse!Ware!Consortium! USA!94. ! Ms.!Kathleen!Ludewig!Omollo! F! MSIS!International!Program!
Manager!University!of!Michigan!Medical!School! USA!
95. ! Prof.!Charles!Isbell! M! Professor!and!Senior!Associate!Dean!
Georgia!Institute!of!Technology!! USA!
96. ! Prof.!Diafuka!Saila\Ngita! M! Research!Assistant!Professor! Tufts!University! USA!97. ! Prof.!James!Glapa\Grossklag! M! Dean! College!of!the!Canyons! USA!98. ! Prof.!Michael!Best! M! <$ Georgia!Institute!of!Technology! USA!99. ! Dr.!Vitalicy!Chifwepa! M! University!Librarian! University!of!Zambia! Zambia!
100. ! Mr.!Franklin!Mutahakana! M! Senior!Program!Officer! African!Capacity!Building!Foundation!(ACBF)! Zimbabwe!
101. ! Mrs.!Caroline!G.N.!Magune! F! Educational!Technologies!Administrator!
Africa!University! Zimbabwe!
102. ! Prof.!Chipo!Dyanda! F! DVC\Academic! University!of!Zimbabwe! Zimbabwe!
Francophone$
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!103!!!
103. ! Dr.!Sangare!Oumar!M.!Machioud!
M! Conseiller!Technique! Ministère!de!l’Enseignement!Supérieur! Benin!
104. ! Prof.!Da!Cruz!Maxim! M! 1er!Vice\Recteur!Chargé!des!Affaires!Académiques!et!de!la!Recherche!Universitaire!!(VRAARU)!
Université!d'Abomey\Calavi! Benin!
105. ! Dr.!Semde!Cyrille! M! DIESPU,$Université!de!Ouagadougou$
Université!de!Ouagadougou/DGSER! Burkina!Faso!
106. ! Prof.!Barro!Nicolas! M! Vice\président! Université!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!107. ! M.!Ndayishimiye!Piè! M! Deputy!Vice\Chancellor!Academic! Université!Lumière!de!Bujumbura!! Burundi!108. ! M.!Ntabindi!Jean! M! Conseiller!du!Ministre! Burundi,!Coordinateur!national!de!la!phase!II!
UVA!Burundi!
109. ! Dr.!Emvudu!Wono!Yves!Sebastien!
! National!Coordinator! Ministry!of!Higher!Education! Cameroon!
110. ! Prof.!Mundala!O.!Tete! M! National!Coordinator! Ministère!Enseignement!Supérieure!! Congo!(RDC)!111. ! Dr.!Laurence!Rabotovao!
Ramanandraisoa!F$ Enseignant\chercheur,!
Responsable!!Centre!d’éducation$Université!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!
112. ! Prof.!Jean!Claude!Omer!Andrianarimanana!
M$ Directeur$ Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!d’Antananarivo! Madagascar!
113. ! Prof.!Randriansa!Roger! M! Vice\président! Université!Antananarivo!! Madagascar!
114. ! Dr.!Soiba!Diarra! M! Directeur!des!études! Ecole!Normale!Supérieure! Mali!115. ! Prof.!Diallo!Ouaténi! M! Vice\Recteur! Université!des!Sciences!des!Techniques!et!des!
Technologies,!Bamako!(USTTB)!Mali!
116. ! Prof.!Ouane!Amadou! M! Directeur!de!la!Recherche!á!l’ENEPT!
Cabinet!Ministère!Enseignement!Supérieur!du!Mali!
Mali!
117. ! Dr.!Kone!Youssouf!Sadio!! M! Gestionnaire!des!Programmes!UVA!
Université!des!Sciences!de!Technologie!et!Médicine!
Mauritania!
118. ! Prof.!Nah!Mohamed!Lemine! M! Vice\président!AP.AC.! Université!de!Nouakchott! Mauritania!
119. ! Dr.!Niandou!Madize!Aissata! F! Conseillère!Technique!du!Ministre!! Ministère!de!l’Enseignement!Supérieur!! Niger!
120. ! Prof.!Amadou!Boureima! M! Vice\Recteur!chargé!des!affaires!académiques!!
Université!!Abdou!Mounouni!de!Niamey! Niger!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!104!!!
121. ! Dr.!Ndiaye!Ndiougou! M$ Chercheur,!Expert!e\learning!/!formation!à!distance/!TICE$
UCAD\Dakar! Senegal!
122. ! Dr.!Sarr!Mamadou! M$ Coordinateur!de!la!formation!à!distance!!(FAD)$
UCAD!/FASTEF! Senegal!
123. ! Prof.!Ibrahim!Niang! M! Directeur!Centre!de!ressources!Technologiques!et!Pédagogiques!!
Université!Cheikh!Anta!Diop!de!Dakar! Senegal!
124. ! Prof.!Lo!Moussa! M! Vice\président! Université!Gaston!Berger! Senegal!
$ $ Lusophone$125. ! Rogerio!Uthui! ! ! ! !126. ! Prof.!Murilo!Matos!Mendonça! M! OER!Co\ordinator/!
International!Relations!Manager!
Unisul!Virtual! Brazil!
127. ! Dr.!Paulo!Cesar!Lopes!Corsino! M! Assessor! Ministerio!do!Ensino!Superior!Ciencia!e!Inovação!
Cape!Verde!
128. ! Prof.!Bartolomeu!Lopes!Varela! $ Próreitor$ Universidade!de!Cabo!Verde! Cape!Verde!129. ! Dr.!Joáo!Ribeiro!Butiam!Có! M! Diretor!Geral! Instituto!Nacional!de!Estudos!e!Pesquisa! Guinea!Bissau!130. ! Prof.!Manuel!Malam!Jafono! M! Coordenador!nacional!de!LIVA,!
Guiné!Bissau!Ministério!de!Educacao!Nacional! Guinea!Bissau!
131. ! Prof.!Banze!Junior!Jacinto!Cipriano!
M$ Chefe!do!Departemento!Central$
Université!Pedagogiqué! Mozambique!
132. ! Prof.!Bendita!Donaciano! F$ Pró\Reitora!Para!A!Graduaçao$ Universidade!de!Pedagógica\Mogambique! Mozambique!133. ! Sr.!Danilo!Parbato!
!M! Oficial!de!Comunicaça! Moçambique!–!Ministerio!da!Educação!–!
Direcção!do!Ensino!Superior!Mozambique!
! !
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!105!!!
22. List%of%ACEP%Participants%%The!following!ACEP!participants!attended!the!conference!
S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
Anglophone$1. ! Dr!Craig!T.!Montgomerie! Professor!Emeritus! University!of!Alberta! Canada!
2. ! Mr!Brian!Stewart! Executive!Program!Director! University!of!Alberta! Canada!
3. ! Dr.!Yaregal!Assabie! Chair,!Department!of!Computer!Science! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!
4. ! Mrs.!Amsale!Zelalem! Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!
5. ! Mr.!Ashenafi!Kassahun! Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!
6. ! Mr.!Wondwossen!Mulugeta!Gewe!
Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!
7. ! Mr.!Nesredien!Suleiman! Lecturer! Addis!Ababa!University!! Ethiopia!
8. ! Gamel!Wiredu!! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
9. ! Nana!Assyne! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
10. ! Ms!Apraku!Boadu!Felicia! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
11. ! Dr!Isaac!Wiafe! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
12. ! Joseph!Kwame!Adjoi! Lecturer! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
13. ! Felicia!Apraku\Boadu! !! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
14. ! Mr!Julius!Quarshie!Azasoo! !! Ghana!Institute!of!Management!and!Public!Administration!
Ghana!
15. ! Mr.!Christopher!Addo! !! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!
Ghana!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!106!!!
S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
16. ! Dr.!Peter!Amoako\Yirenkyi! Lecturer! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!
Ghana!
17. ! Mr.!Abeaku!Badu!Arthur! IT!Help!Desk!&!Support! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!
Ghana!
18. ! Mrs!Rebecca!Essel! Research!Fellow! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!
Ghana!
19. ! Mrs!Caroline!Owusu\Boateng! IT!Manager! Kwame!Nkrumah!University!of!Science!and!Technology!
Ghana!
20. ! Dr.!Edward!Kwame!Asante! Director,!Institute!for!Educational!Development!&!Extension!
University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!
21. ! Dr.!Salome!Essuman! !Head,!Centre!for!Distance!Education! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!
22. ! Dr.!Alhaji!Yidana!Issifu!! Head!of!Department!ICT! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!
23. ! Dr.!Ephrem!Kwaku!Kwaa\Aidoo! Lecturer! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!
24. ! Dr.!Kwaku!Frederick!Sarfo! Snr!Lecturer! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!
25. ! Mr.!Jones!Apawu! Lecturer! University!of!Education!Winneba! Ghana!
26. ! Dr!Rhoda!Gitonga! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!
27. ! Eng.!Martin!Mutuku!Nzomo! Dean!School!of!Engineering!and!Technology!
Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!
28. ! Dr.!David!Nzuki! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!
29. ! Ms.!Rose!Njoroge! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!
30. ! Ms!Lucy!M.!Gitau! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!
31. ! Mr.!Harrison!Njoroge! Lecturer! Kenyatta!University! Kenya!!
32. ! Prof.!Ndirangu!Mwangi!!!!! !! Egerton!University! Kenya!!
33. ! Mr.!Jackson!G.!Kabira! Lecturer! Egerton!University! Kenya!!
34. ! Prof.!Fred!Keraro!! !! Egerton!University! Kenya!!
35. ! Dr.!Ing.!W.!G.!Gikaru!!!!! Snr!Lecturer! Egerton!University! Kenya!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!107!!!
S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
36. ! Prof.!J.!O.!!Ouma!! Dean!Faculty!of!Science!! Egerton!University! Kenya!!
37. ! Prof!Harriet!Kidombo! Dean!School!of!Continuing!and!Distance!Education!
University!of!Nairobi! Kenya!!
38. ! Mrs!Noela!Kipyegen! Assistant!Lecturer! Egerton!University! Kenya!!
39. ! Dr.!Fanny!Obiamaka!Anikpo! Lecturer!II! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!
40. ! Dr.!Ramota!Abiodun!Ogunkunle!! Associate!Professor! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!
41. ! Mrs!Eseroghene!Avwiri! Assistant!Lecturer! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!
42. ! Mr.!Eralei!Christian!Iderima! Head!MIS! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!
43. ! Prof.!Hyacinth!Ibe!Dike! Director!ODeL! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!
44. ! Dr.!Christopher!Agwu! Lecturer! University!of!Port!Harcourt! Nigeria!
45. ! Mr.!Justo!Koma!Petronio! Director!Center!for!Distance!Education! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!
46. ! Mr.!Joseph!Badys!Amozay!Mayaka!!
Lecturer! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!
47. ! Ms.!Eva!Yayi!Mawa!Upele! Teaching!Assistant! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!
48. ! Mr.!Otim!Gama! Lecturer! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!
49. ! Dr.!Othow!Onak!Giel! Assistant!Professor! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!
50. ! Ms.!Rose!Hezekiah!!Jonathan!Kilonga!
Teaching!Assistant! University!of!Juba! South!Sudan!!
51. ! Dr.!Musa!Fadlalla!Ali!Idris! Principal!/!Director!of!Administration!and!Financial!Affairs!
Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!
52. ! Dr.!Salah!Babiker!Eisa!Mohagir! Business!Administration!Program!Coordinator!
Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!
53. ! Dr.!Ahmed!Salaheldin!Abdalla!Mohamed!
Lecturer! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!
54. ! Dr.!Nourelhuda!Isameldien!Osman!
Assistant!Professor! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!
55. ! Dr.!Omer!Musa!Alhassan!Omer! Lecturer! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!108!!!
S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
56. ! Ms.!Rania!Edrees!Adam! Lecturer! Open!University!of!Sudan! Sudan!
57. ! Mrs.!Sophie!Mgaiwa! Coordinator!Ext!Progrmes!/!Principal!Systems!Analyst!
University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!
58. ! Mr.!Anthony!Kigombola! ODeL!Coordinator/Lecturer! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!
59. ! Ms.!Amina!Ally!Kiluwasha! Snr!Systems!Administrator! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!
60. ! Mr.!Oscar!Mashauri! Systems!Administrator! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!
61. ! Dr.!Suzan!Lujara! Principal!Laboratory!Engineer! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!
62. ! Mr.!Mulembwa!Munaku! Assistant!Lecturer! University!of!Dar!es!Salaam! Tanzania!!
63. ! Mr!Moro!Krubally! !! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
64. ! Mam!Marie!Nyang!Kah! Administrative!Assistant! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
65. ! Mr.!Malang!Jarju! Graduate!Assistant! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
66. ! Mr.!Muhammed!Njie! Lecturer! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
67. ! Ms.!Wuday!Colley! !! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
68. ! Mr.!Malick!Jobe! Teaching!Assistant! University!of!the!Gambia! The!Gambia!
Francophone$
69. ! Prof!Ousséni!SO! Directeur!General! Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!
70. ! Mr!Salifou!DENE! Ingenier!Webmaster! Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!
71. ! Dr!Moumini!KERE! !Assistant!(mathématiques,!!informatique)!
Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!
72. ! Mme!Geneviève!KABRE!BARRO! Maître!de!conférences,!Responsable!pédagogique!de!la!FFOAD!!
Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!
73. ! Mr!Namoussa!MANO! Leicteur!des!stages!/!Formateur!pedagagique!
Institut!des!Sciences!de!Ouagadougou! Burkina!Faso!!
74. ! Prof!Félix!KABATA! Chef!de!Department!! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!
75. ! Mr!Justin!ISAKATONGA!LOANIE! Chef!de!Department!! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!
76. ! Mr!Jean!Jacques!!BOANGA!wa! Charge'!de!Recherch!et!d'!enseignement! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!109!!!
S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
LITUTE!!
77. ! Mr!Francis!BOBOLA!!MATUMELE!!
Charge!des!Pratiques!Professionnnelles! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!
78. ! Mr!Suzanne!Okako!Ngole!KINGOMBE!
Chef!de!Section!Adjoint!Charge!de!L'enseignement!
Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!
79. ! Mrs!Josée!LUKUSU!DJAMBA!! Chargee!de!Cours! Institut!Supérieur!Pédagogique!de!Gombe! DR!Congo!!
80. ! Moussa!Keiffing!Kanté! Directeur!de!Center!FOADel! Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!
81. ! Dr!Baba!Moussoudou!Touré! Head!of!Section\!Continous!Teacher!Training!
Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!
82. ! Mr!Tamba!Camara! Assistant! Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!
83. ! Dr!Daouda!Dougoumalé!Cissé! Responsable!Pédagogique!des!Technologies!Educatives!
Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!
84. ! Mr!Alpha!Ousmane! Chef!de!Département!!des!Mathématiques!
Ecole!Normale!Supérieure!de!Bamako! Mali!
Lusophone$
85. ! Prof!Maria!Luísa!Inocêncio!! Diretora! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!
86. ! Prof!Ariana!Margarete!Lopes!! Docente! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!
87. ! Prof!Elisabeth!Andrade!! Professor!ICT! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!
88. ! Prof!João!do!Monte!Gomes!Duarte!
Professor!ICT! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!
89. ! Mrs!Carla!Tavares!! Professor! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!
90. ! Prof!Emmanuel!Couturier! Coordonator!Teenico!EaD!ECAA! Universidade!de!Cape!Verde! Cape!Verde!!
91. ! Prof!Eusébio!Sá! ICT!Professor!(ESE\Tchico!Te)! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!
92. ! Prof!Fernando!Sanhã! ICT!Professor!(ESE\Tchico!Te)! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!
93. ! Edualdo!Costa! Director!de!Servico!de!informatica! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!
94. ! Dr!Issufo!Camará! Director!da!ENEFD! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!
!
!
2013%1ST%INTERNATIONAL%CONFERENCE%OF%THE%AVU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!|!110!!!
S/n$ Name$ Current$Position$ Institution$ Country$
95. ! Mr!Zeca!Jandi! Docente! Escola!Superior!de!Educação!da!Guiné\Bissau! Guiné!\!Bissau!