APUSH Content Review #1
Unit 1 (Colonies)
Unit 2 (American Revolution)
Colonial History Review
Jamestown survived as the first permanent British settlement in America because of
1. the emergence of tobacco as a cash crop
2. the mild climate of Virginia 3. its use of Indian slaves as a labor
force 4. the religious convictions of its first
settlers
The Pilgrims were also known as Separatists because they:
1. wanted to separate Plymouth from the Massachusetts Bay colony
2. believed in the complete separation of church and state
3. broke all ties with the Church of England
4. tried to isolate the Native Americans from white settlers
In founding the colony of Georgia, James Oglethorpe's primary purpose was to
1. provide a refuge for persecuted English Quakers
2. gain a base for launching English expeditions against Spanish Florida
3. provide a refuge for persecuted Christians from all parts of Europe
4. provide a refuge for English debtors
The Mayflower Compact could best be described as
1. a detailed frame of government 2. a complete constitution 3. a foundation for self-government 4. an list of the causes for leaving
England and coming to America
What was a proprietary colony?1. a colony like Virginia that was run
like a business 2. a colony like Pennsylvania that was
sponsored by a religious group3. a colony like Massachusetts that
was forced to acknowledge the king4. a colony like New Jersey that was
run as a privately owned estate
In the 17c, the Great Migration refers to the
1. settlement of the Puritans in Massachusetts and other colonies
2. immigration of Irish to the colonies3. expansion of white settlement
across the Appalachian Mountains 4. trade in slaves between West Africa
and the West Indies
The Virginia House of Burgesses and the New England town meetings were similar in that they
1. originated in a New England colony 2. were completely independent of
colonial governors 3. were both responsible to the
established church of the colony 4. represented colonial participation in
government
In the early 1600s, migrants to New England differed from those in the Chesapeake because
1. New England settlement was sponsored by individual proprietors
2. New Englanders immigrated in family groups
3. in the harsher climate of New England led to higher death tolls
4. New England immigrants tended to be motivated by a desire for wealth
The headright system adopted in Virginia
1. determined the eligibility of a settler for voting and holding office
2. toughened the laws applying to indentured servants
3. prohibited the settlement of single men and women in the colony
4. gave 50 acres to anyone who would transport an indentured servant to the colony
Which of the following was NOT involved in the colonial Triangular Trade network?
1. rum 2. slaves 3. cotton 4. tobacco
The theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which statements?:
1. economies prosper most when trade is restricted as little as possible
2. colonies are of little economic importance to the mother country
3. it is vital that a country imports more than it exports
4. a government should direct the economy so as to maximize exports
The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to
1. achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French threat
2. propose independence of the colonies from Britain
3. declare war on the Iroquois nation 4. prohibit New England and New York
from trading with the West Indies
Prior to 1763, the British policy of "salutary neglect“:
1. allowed royal colonies to elect their own governors
2. did not enforce the Navigation Acts 3. encouraged colonists to establish
their own parliament 4. withdrew British soldiers from North
America
Bacon's Rebellion was supported mainly by
1. the planter class of Virginia 2. young men frustrated by their
inability to acquire land 3. those protesting the increased
importation of African slaves 4. people from Jamestown only
What did the Great Awakening and inter-colonial trade have in common
1. they created disdain for England 2. they contributed to a growing sense
of shared American identity 3. they created a rebellious spirit in
America 4. they helped create imperial rivalry
between England and France
Voyages of European Exploration
Spanish French English
Purpose of Colonies/ Exploration
State Directed: Find W route to Asia Wealth (gold & silver) Religious conversion Expand the Spanish Empire
State Directed: Find NW passage to Asia Establish wealth (fur trade) Expand the French Empire
Individually Directed: Religious tolerance;
Religious purity Establish wealth (cash
crops); Avoid poverty Escape turmoil or jail
Geographic Region Colonized/ Explored
Central America, South America, present-day Mexico, Florida, SW North America
Canada, New Orleans, Haiti, northern Mississippi River region
Eastern coast of North America along Atlantic Ocean, Hudson Bay, & the Caribbean
Contacts &
Interactions with Native Americans
Some trade; mostly conquest: Taino, Aztecs, Incas,
SE & SW Indians Disease spread Intermarriage
Significant trade partners with Eastern Woodlands Indians
“Frontier of exclusion” Clash with Eastern Woodlands Indians (Powhattan) Assisted whites: Squanto in NE Pocahontas in Jamestown
Labor Systems
Native slave labor African slave labor in South
America & Caribbean Islands
Encomienda (Plantations)
Settlers did the work of hunting for pelts (coureur des bois)
Slave labor used in Haiti
Chesapeake: Yeoman farmers Indentured Servitude African Slavery
New England: Families/Yeoman
Loose or Strict Control by Mother
Country Strict control Strict control
Loose control (Salutary Neglect)
Degree of “Success” of Colonization/
Exploration
Gained great wealth from exploration, but failed to establish lasting colonies (which was never the goal)
Gained some wealth from Canada but never control a continuous colony down the Mississippi river; New Orleans excellent trade port
Some wealth from tobacco plantations; Success lies in permanence of colonies in America
Voyages of European Exploration
Chesapeake New England Middle Southern
Identify the Colonies
Virginia (Jamestown) Maryland
Plymouth Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Others
New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Delaware
North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Initial Purpose
Joint-Stock Co to gain wealth for settlers & investors
Religious communities for persecuted Pilgrims & Puritans
Holy Experiment, Quakers
Proprietary (PA, NY)
Buffer between Spain & English colonies (GA)
Gain wealth
Economies & Labor Systems
Tobacco Lots of yeoman
farmers, Indentured servants, & slaves
Fishing, rum, ships Yeoman farming
villages with few slaves or servants
Intermediary shipping
Grain production Yeoman farmers
Plantations (rice, indigo)
Lots of yeomen servants, & slaves
Religion
Mostly Anglican settlers
Catholics (MD)
Puritans (Mass Bay)
Pilgrims (Plymouth)
Great diversity of religions
Quakers (NJ, PA)
Mostly Anglican settlers
Society
Short life expectancy
Individualistic Few women House of Burgesses
Congregationalist Self-sacrificed Families & schools Grandparents Town hall meetings
Very diverse “Holy Experiment”
(PA) failed Royal governors
Diverse society Barbados Slave
Code Royal governors
Important People
• John Smith• John Rolfe • Bacon & Berkeley
John Winthrop Roger Williams &
Anne Hutchinson
William Penn James of York
James Oglethorpe (GA)
Immigration Patterns
Headright system Young single males African slaves
Great Puritan Migration
Families
Diverse: Recruited from England, Ireland, Germany
English settlers African slaves Imprisoned debtors
North America
after 1763
America in 17501750 America in 17631763
“Salutary Neglect” ?
“Parliamentary Sovereignty” ?
“Virtual Representation” ?
American Revolution Review
Which was NOT a result of the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War)?
1. France lost Canada
2. England incurred high war costs
3. England gained Louisiana
4. England made a decision to reinvigorate the mercantile system
According to the Proclamation of 1763 1. colonial militiamen were required
to put down Pontiac's Rebellion 2. contact between colonials and
Indians was strictly forbidden 3. settlers were prohibited from
crossing the Appalachians 4. speculators could purchase land
from trans-Appalachian tribes
England passed the Stamp Act in 1765 to 1. punish Americans for protests to
the Sugar Act 2. raise money to reduce England's
national debt 3. allow for illegal search-and-
seizure of smugglers 4. allow Americans to settle the
Ohio River Valley
Thomas Paine's Common Sense:1. urged Americans to declare their
independence
2. was a call for the abolition of slavery
3. insisted that colonists be allowed to elect representatives to Parliament
4. criticized the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
The most important consequence of the Boston Tea Party was the
1. repeal of the tax on tea
2. failure of other colonies to support Boston's action
3. opening of negotiations between Britain and Massachusetts
4. enactment by Parliament of the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts
The British response to the American claim of “no taxation without representation” was 1. colonial assemblies would be
permitted to vote on all new taxes 2. taxes were used for internal
improvements in the colonies 3. members of Parliament represented
the interests of all British citizens 4. Parliament ended the majority of its
taxes on the colonies
During the 1760s and 1770s the most effective tactic in gaining the repeal of the
Stamp and Townshend Acts was 1. tarring & feathering British tax agents
2. sending petitions to the king and Parliament
3. boycotting British goods
4. destroying private property, such as tea, on which a tax to be levied
Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?
1. French military and financial assistance after Saratoga
2. the failure of Loyalists to participate in military action
3. a major American military victory at Valley Forge
4. the British failure to capture Philadelphia
What was the role of African-Americans in the American Revolution?
1. as the war dragged on, southern blacks were welcomed to enlist
2. Americans generally avoided arming blacks, but the British recruited slaves
3. though slaves, they rallied around the revolutionary ideas of freedom
4. Many slaves escaped and were welcomed in the North and Canada
Britain enjoyed all of the following advantages in the Revolution EXCEPT
1. the greatest navy and best-equipped army in the world
2. superior industrial resources
3. greater commitment to the conflict
4. a coherent structure of command
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 stipulated all of the following EXCEPT:
1. British recognition of American independence
2. boundaries of the USA to the Mississippi River
3. Americans allow British collection of prewar debts from colonists
4. Americans gained Florida from Spain
North America after the Treaty Treaty
of Paris, of Paris, 17831783
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