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AP Environmental Science
Mr. GrantLesson 92
Coal, Natural Gas, and Oil (Part 2)
&
Other Fossil Fuels
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Objectives:
• Define the terms primary extraction and secondary extraction.
• Describe the nature and origin of crude oil, and evaluate its extraction, use, and future depletion.
• Describe the nature, origin, and potential of alternative fossil fuels.
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Define the terms primary extraction and secondary extraction.
Primary Extraction
Secondary Extraction
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Describe the nature and origin of petroleum, and evaluate its extraction, use, and future depletion.
• Crude oil is a thick liquid mixture of hydrocarbons formed underground under certain temperature and pressure conditions.
• Scientists locate fossil fuel deposits by analyzing subterranean geology.
• Oil drilling involves…- Primary extraction & Secondary extraction.
• Petroleum-based products are everywhere in our daily lives...− Gasoline, Clothing, Plastics
• Components of crude oil are separated in refineries to produce a wide variety of fuel types.
• We have already depleted half the world’s oil.
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Heat and pressure underground form petroleum
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The age of oil began in the mid-19th century
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Petroleum geologists infer deposit location and size
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Not all oil can be extracted
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Typical seismic
surveying
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We drill to extract oil… primary and secondary oil extraction
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Petroleum products have many uses
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We may have already depleted half our reserves
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We are facing an oil shortage… U.S. oil production has already peaked
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Global oil production is peaking
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Predicting an exact date for peak oil is hard
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Peaking oil production will have consequences
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Describe the nature, origin, and potential of alternative fossil fuels.
• Oil sands can be mined and processed into synthetic oil.
• Oil shale is abundant in the western U.S.
• Methane hydrate found on the seafloor could provide a source of methane gas.
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Oil sands can be mined and
processed
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Oil shale is abundant in the U.S. west
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Methane hydrate shows potential
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These alternative fossil fuels have downsides