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AP Environmental Science

Mr. GrantLesson 92

Coal, Natural Gas, and Oil (Part 2)

&

Other Fossil Fuels

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Objectives:

• Define the terms primary extraction and secondary extraction.

• Describe the nature and origin of crude oil, and evaluate its extraction, use, and future depletion.

• Describe the nature, origin, and potential of alternative fossil fuels.

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Define the terms primary extraction and secondary extraction.

Primary Extraction

Secondary Extraction

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Describe the nature and origin of petroleum, and evaluate its extraction, use, and future depletion.

• Crude oil is a thick liquid mixture of hydrocarbons formed underground under certain temperature and pressure conditions.

• Scientists locate fossil fuel deposits by analyzing subterranean geology.

• Oil drilling involves…- Primary extraction & Secondary extraction.

• Petroleum-based products are everywhere in our daily lives...− Gasoline, Clothing, Plastics

• Components of crude oil are separated in refineries to produce a wide variety of fuel types.

• We have already depleted half the world’s oil.

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Heat and pressure underground form petroleum

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The age of oil began in the mid-19th century

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Petroleum geologists infer deposit location and size

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Not all oil can be extracted

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Typical seismic

surveying

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We drill to extract oil… primary and secondary oil extraction

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Petroleum products have many uses

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We may have already depleted half our reserves

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We are facing an oil shortage… U.S. oil production has already peaked

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Global oil production is peaking

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Predicting an exact date for peak oil is hard

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Peaking oil production will have consequences

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Describe the nature, origin, and potential of alternative fossil fuels.

• Oil sands can be mined and processed into synthetic oil.

• Oil shale is abundant in the western U.S.

• Methane hydrate found on the seafloor could provide a source of methane gas.

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Oil sands can be mined and

processed

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Oil shale is abundant in the U.S. west

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Methane hydrate shows potential

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These alternative fossil fuels have downsides