SSWH1 Analyze the origins, structures, and interactions of societies in the ancient world from 3500 BCE/BC to 500 BCE/BC. ea• 1b. Describe the societies of India and
China, include: religion, culture, economics, politics, and technology.
• SSWH2 Identify the major achievements of Chinese and Indian societies to 500 CE/AD.
• 2b. Describe the development of Chinese civilization under Zhou, Qin, and Han.
2100-1700B.C.XiaDynastyemergesas1stChinesedynasty• Yu,theleader,designedfloodcontrolprojectstoreduceflooddamageàhelpedmorepermanentse@lementsgrow
• Yualsodesignedirriga3onprojectsthatallowedfarmerstogrowsurplusfoodtosupportciDes
ShangDynasty1700-1027B.C.• Firsttoleavewri7enrecords• Foughtmanywars• LivedinwalledciDes(likeSumerians)forprotecDon
1700-1027B.C.ShangDynastyCulture• Family
– CentraltoChinesesociety– Respectforone’sparents– Womenweretreatedasinferiors
• SocialClasses– Sharplydividedbetweennoblesandpeasants– Rulingclassofwarrior-noblesheadedbyaking
• ReligiousBeliefs– Spiritsoffamilyancestorscouldbringgoodfortuneor
disastertolivingfamilymembers– Polytheis3c–worshippedasupremegodandthen
manylessergods
ZhouDynasty1027B.C.-Zhoubeginrule• ClaimedauthoritytotakeoverbydeclaringtheMandateofHeaven– Rulershaddivineapprovaltoberulers,butawickedorfoolishkingcouldlosetheMandateofHeavenandsolosetherighttorule
ZhouDynastyTheDynasDcCycle• Floods,riots,etc.couldbesignsthattheancestralspiritswere
displeasedwithaking’srule• Inthatcase,theMandateofHeavenmightpasstoanother
noblefamily• Thispa7ernofrise,decline,&replacementofdynas3eswas
knownastheDynasDcCycle
ZhouDynastyTerritorialControl–How?
• Feudalism– PoliDcalsystemwherenobles,orlords,aregrantedtheuseoflandsthatlegallybelongtotheking
– Inreturn,noblesoweloyalty&militaryservicetotheking&protecDontothepeoplelivingontheirestates
ZhouDynastyImprovementsinTechnology&Trade
• Roads&canalsbuiltàsDmulatedtrade&agriculture
• Coinedmoneyintroducedàfurtherimprovedtrade
• Blastfurnacesdevelopedàproducedcastiron
ZhouDynasty226B.C.Decline&Fall• Nomadsfromwest&northsackedcapital
• Zhoukingsfled,butwerepowerlesstocontrolnoblefamilies
• Lordsfoughtneighboringlords– Astheirpowergrew,theyclaimedtobekingsintheirownterritory
WhileZhouwasindecline…
RiseofChinesePhilosophiesConfucianism• Founder:
– Confucius(551-479B.C.)• IdeasAboutSocialOrder:
– Emphasisonfamily– Respectforelders(filialpiety)
• IdeasAboutGovernment:– Emphasisoneduca3on
• Couldchangeacommonerintoagentleman– TrainedcivilserviceessenDalforgoodgov’t
5BasicSocialRelaDonships:
• Ruler&Subject
• Father&Son
• Husband&Wife
• OlderBrother&YoungerBrother
• Friend&Friend
RiseofChinesePhilosophiesDaoism• Founder:
– LaoTsu• IdeasAboutOrder&Harmony:
– Understandingnatureiskeytoorder&harmony
– NaturalOrdermoreimportantthanSocialOrder
• IdeasAboutAUniversalForce:– UniversalForcecalledDao(aka“TheWay”)guidesallthings
RiseofChinesePhilosophiesLegalism• Founders:
– LiSi,Hanfeizi• IdeasAboutSocialOrder:
– Efficient&powerfulgov’tiskeytosocialorder
• IdeasAboutGovernment– Gov’tshouldcontrolideas&uselaw&harshpunishmenttorestoreharmony
– RewardsforpeoplewhocarryouttheirduDeswell
QinDynasty221B.C.ShiHuangdiAssumesControl• Establishedautocracy–gov’tthathasunlimitedpower&usesitinanarbitrary(random)manner
• “Strengthentrunk,weakenbranches”– Forcednoblefamiliestoliveincapitalunderhissuspiciousgaze
– CarvedChinainto36administraDvedistricts&sentQinofficialstocontrolthem
QinDynastyShiHuangdiBeginsBuildingGreatWall• BuilttopreventinvasionsfromN&W• EnemieswouldhavetogallophalfwaytoTibettogetaroundit
HanDynasty-“GoldenAge”206-195B.C.LiuBangwasapeasantwholedarevolt&becameemperor• Establishedcentralizedgov’t• Loweredtaxes• Easedharshpunishments• Broughtstability&peacetoChina
HanDynasty-“GoldenAge”195-180B.C.EmpressLü• Maintainedcontrolbynamingoneinfantameranotherasemperor&actedasregentforeachinfant
HanDynasty-“GoldenAge”141-87B.C.Wudi
• ExpandedChineseempirebyconqueringlands&makingalliesoftheenemiesofhisenemies(theenemyofmyenemyismyfriend)
• Setupcivilservicesystemoftraining&examinaDonsforthosewhowantedgov’tcareers(Examina3onSystem–Confucianidea)
HanDynasty-“GoldenAge”PaperInvented• Increasedavailabilityofbooks• Spreadeduca3on• Expansionofgov’tbureaucracy–recordsbecameeasiertoread&store
HanDynasty-“GoldenAge”AgriculturalImprovements• CollarHarness• ImprovedPlow• Wheelbarrow• Watermills• ImprovedIronTool
AbilitytoFeedaLargePopula3on
Popula3onGrowth
FallofHanDynasty&TheirReturnGapBetweenRich&Poor• Customsallowedtherichtogainmorewealthattheexpenseofthepoor
FallofHanDynasty&TheirReturn45B.C.-24A.D.WangMang• Mintednewmoney• Establishedpublicgranariestofeedpoor
• Triedtoredistributelandfromtherichtothepoor
• A.D.11–Greatfloodlemthousandsdead&millionshomeless– Revoltsbrokeout–WangMangassassinated
SocialHierarchyUndertheHanDynasty,thestructureofChinesesocietywasclearlydefined.Atthetopwastheemperor,whowasconsideredsemi-divine.Nextcamekingsandgovernors,bothappointedbytheemperor.Theygovernedwiththehelpofstateofficials,nobles,andscholars.Peasantfarmerscamenext.TheirproducDonoffoodwasconsideredvitaltotheexistenceoftheempire.ArDsansandmerchantswerebelowthem.Nearthebo@omwerethesoldiers,whoguardedtheempire'sfronDers.Atthebo@omwereenslavedpersons,whowereusuallyconqueredpeoples.
FamilyOrganizaDon
• Patriarchal– Headedbytheeldestmale(*thiswasthesamewayinIndia)
• RoleofWomen– Limitedroleswithinthefamilyathome&onthefarm
• Matriarchal– SouthIndiaduringtheGuptaerawasmatriarchal(headedbythemotherratherthanfather)-propertyandsomeDmesthroneswerepassedthroughthefemaleline.
CulturalDiffusionIndia&TheSilkRoad• IndiantradersactedasmiddlemenontheSilkRoad(boughtChinesegoods&thensoldthemtotradersonthewaytoRome)
• BuilttradingstaDonsalongtheSilkRoads• TradedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOceanfromChinatoSWAsia(throughthePersianGulf)&totheMediterranean(throughtheRedSea)
CulturalDiffusionChina&TheSilkRoad• Chinesegov’tmadesilkproduc3ontechniquesacloselyguardedsecret
• Helpedcreateaworldwidedemandforsilk• ExpandedChinesecommerceallthewaytoRome
Fromthispoint,shipscarriedsilk&spicestoRome.TheRomanspaidapoundofgoldforapoundofChinesesilk!!
TheSilkRoadsplitintwotoskirttheedgesoftheTaklimakanDesert.Bothrouteshadoasesalongtheway.
Caravans
Notes Quiz • Which Chinese dynasty was the first and who
was the leader? • What environmental/geographical problems
did Chinese civilization have similar to Egypt, Mesopotamia, or India?
• Name one sign that Chinese people might take as meaning that the current dynasty had lost the approval of the gods (mandate of Heaven).
• What was a technological improvement of the Zhou dynasty?
Notes Quiz • What view did Confucius have about
family relationships? • What was the key to order and harmony
according to Lao Tsu? • How did Shi Huangdi rule during the
Qin dynasty? • What is one way government changed
under Liu Bang & the Han Dynasty? • What was a technological advancement
of the Han Dynasty?