agriculture
•The cultivating of land, producing crops, and raising livestock for human consumption
archipelago
•A group or chain of islands
Bushido
• code of conduct for Samurai and nobles
during Japanese feudalism
Caste System
• rigid social class system in Hinduism
centralized government
• a government which controls all aspects of society from a central
location or through a central system
chivalry
• code of conduct for knight and
nobles during European feudalism
Crusades
• European Christian military expeditions made between
the 11th and 13th centuries to retake the Middle Eastern
Holy Lands occupied by the Muslims
cultural diffusion
• The spreading of ideas through contact •such as trade or war
democracy
• A system of government in which the citizens hold the
legislative, judicial, and executive power, based on
majority rule
divine right
• The justification of monarchy through the word
of God
dynasty
• A succession or series of rulers of a country from the
same family
encomienda system
• A system of production in Spain’s New World possessions
w
• granted permission to conquistadors to enslave as
many people needed to work a plantation
ethnocentric
• A belief in the superiority of a certain ethnic group or
race
famine
• Widespread hunger caused by the near or complete
lack of food
feudalism
• A social, political, and economic system that
dominated all aspects of medieval European life
golden age
• A time of high achievement in arts, literature, and science in a culture
• Generally occurs in times of peace
hieroglyphics
• system of writing which uses pictures for concepts and
ideas
humanism
• A philosophical movement during the Renaissance
• stressed life on Earth, and the quality of being human
• Rejected living only for the afterlife
jihad
• Religious duty of
Muslims to defend the Islamic faith
Magna Carta
• A document granting basic rights in England
• signed by King John in 1215
• considered to be the beginnings of British democracy
Mecca
• city in Saudi Arabia where Muslims must make a
pilgrimage at least once in their life
merchant
• a person who sells goods or services
• a member of the middle class in most societies
mercantilism
• The policy of building a nation's wealth by exporting more goods than it imports.
• Colonies are instrumental in this policy as
they supply their parent nations with raw materials that are used to produce
finished goods, and then exported back to the colonies.
• Colonies not only served as a source for
the raw materials, but also as an exclusive market for the parent country
militarism
• Political policy that is dominated by the military
and the competitive buildup of arms
monarchy
• A political system in which
a country is ruled by a monarch
• The head of state has
complete power
monotheism
• belief in one god
natural resources
• Various materials found in nature used in manufacturing
–such as wood, coal, and oil
Neolithic Revolution
(10,000 - 8,000 BCE)
• development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source
• led to the development of permanent settlements and
the start of civilization
parliament
• A government's legislative body
persecution
• Treating a person, or a group of people unfairly or cruelly due to ethnic background, gender, or other difference
pilgrimage
• A religious journey to visit a shrine or other holy site
polytheism
• belief in many gods or goddesses
Protestant
• Member of Christian religious sect which formed during the
Protestant Reformation• Protestants reject the authority of the Roman
Catholic Church
reincarnation
• The rebirth of a soul into another body
revolution
• a dramatic change in ideas, practice, or government
rigid social class system
• A social class system where there is no mobility
• A person remains in the same class their entire life
Roman Catholic
• A branch of Christianity based in Rome
• The original Christian church
Silk Road
• Trade route from China to the Middle East
• Called the Silk Road due to China’s most
important export
terrace farming
• The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming
• appear as steps cut into a mountainside
• allowed both the early Chinese, and the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations
Triangle Trade
• A catch all phrase for the trade occurring between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
• Trade goods include raw materials from the Americas, manufactured goods from Europe, and slaves from Africa
urbanization
• The movement
of people to urban areas in search of
work
westernization
• To adopt western ideas and culture