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THE INTERNATIONAL TANKER OWNERS POLLUTION FEDERATION LIMITED (ITOPF)
1, Olivers Yard, 55 City Roa d, London EC 1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0)20 7566 6999, Fax: +44 (0)20 7566 6950, 24hr Pager: +44 (0)7626 398 4606Email: central@itop f.com Web: www.itopf.com
Registered in England No. 944863. Registered o ffice as abo ve
BULKCARGOTANKWASHWATERDISCHARGE
AND
CARGO
DECLARATIONS
UNDER
MARPOL
ANNEX
V
1. INTRODUCTION
As of 1st January 2013, amendments to MARPOL Annex V1,2, mean that shippers have new
responsibilities regarding cargo classification (crew responsibilities are outlined separatelywithin
Appendix1)andhowitaffectstheabilityofthecrewtodischargeholdwashwaterintothemarine
environment. From this date shippers will need to considerwhether or not the cargo residues
present inthewaterareharmful to themarineenvironment (HME),as illustrated inFigure1.The
followingdocumentsetsouttherequirementsaswellastheconceptandprocessofclassificationof
cargoesasHME.
Fig1.HowtheHMEclassificationaffectswashwaterdischargeatsea.
1.1 MARPOLANNEXV
The discharge of holdwash water and any nonrecoverable cargo residues contained therein is
primarilycontrolledthroughMARPOLAnnexV,whereitisclassedasgarbageandthereforesubject
tothecontrolsspecifiedwithinRegulations4.1.3and6.1.2oftherecentamendmentstoMARPOL2.
In essence the discharge of cargo residueswithin holdwashwater is governed by the following
criteria:
Nodischargeofcargoresiduesshouldoccurlessthan12nauticalmilesfromthenearestland,
anice
shelf
or
within
port
limits.
Nodischargeofcargo residues shouldoccurwithin the six3MARPOLdefinedSpecialAreas
2
(theMediterranean, the Gulfs area, thewiderCaribbean including theGulfofMexico, the
BalticSea,theNorthSeaandtheAntarctic).Thedisposalofgarbageatseaisheavilyrestricted
1MEPC.219(63).Annex24.2012GuidelinesfortheimplementationofMARPOLAnnexV.Adopted2
ndMarch2012.
2MEPC.201(62).Annex13.Amendmentstotheprotocolof1978relatingtotheInternationalConventionforthePreventionof
PollutionfromShips,1973.Adopted
15thJuly2011.
3TheothertwoSpecialAreasoftheBlackSeaandtheRedSeahavenotyetcomeintoforce.MEPC.1/CIRC.77826/1/2012.
You
currently
submitacargo
declaration
underIMSBC
Section
4.2
FromJan1st 2013you
also
need
to
PROVISIONALY
classify
the
cargo
as
harmful
to
the
marine
environment
(HME)
or
not
All
cargo
residues
and
washwateraresubject
to
MARPOL
Annex
V
If
cargo
is
classifiedasHME
Hold
wash
water
may
not
be
discharged
overboardbut
should
be
received
by
an
appropriate
reception
facility
Shippers
of
a
solid
bulk
cargo
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intheseareasunlessboththedestinationanddepartureportsarewithintheSpecialAreaand
provided that no adequate reception facilities exist. In such instances discharge should take
placeasfarouttoseaasispracticableand,inanyevent,nolessthan12nauticalmilesfromthe
nearestland.
NodischargeofanycargoresiduesspecifiedasHME. Holdwashwatershouldbedischargedtoasuitablereceptionfacility.
UnderthetimeframestipulatedunderMARPOLAnnexVbyMEPC.1/Circ.7914(i.e.from1stJanuary
2013 until 31st December 2014) the shippermust take all reasonable measures to provisionally
classify cargoes as HME or not. From 1st January 2015 the shipper should provide a complete
classificationforthecargotobeshipped.TheshippermustalsodeclarewhetherthecargoisHMEor
nottotheportstateauthoritiesintheportofloadingandunloading.
1.2 INTERNATIONALMARITIMESOLIDBULKCARGOESCODE(IMSBC)
AllvesselscarryingsolidbulkcargoesarealreadyrequiredtocomplywiththeIMSBCCode.Thecargo
declarationform
as
required
inSection
4.2
of
the
Code
should
now
contain
aprovisional
declaration
statingwhether the cargo isHMEornot (an exampleofwhich is illustrated inAppendix 2). This
declarationcouldadditionallybeprovidedinamaterialorproductSafetyDataSheet(SDS)oraletter
of declaration regarding HME. As cargoesmust already be tested by the shipper for the IMSBC
physicalparameterslistedintheexampledeclaration,itwouldbesensibletocarryoutanyadditional
testingrequiredfordeterminationofHMEatthesametime.
2. HOWTOCLASSIFYCARGOESASHME(ORNOT)
Inordertoclassifythecargothe2012guidelines1stipulatetheuseoftheUNGloballyHarmonized
System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). Under the guidelines a cargo is
considered HME if it fails any of seven criteria (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity,
mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, repeatedexposureof specific targetorgan toxicity [STOT]and
thepresenceofplastics,rubberorsyntheticpolymers).
Therearethreemainstagesintheclassificationofacargousingthe7UNGHScriteria:
1. Aliteraturesearchofavailableinformation,
2. Laboratorytestingfortoxicity,biodegradationandbioaccumulation,
3. Thecomparisonofthebiodegradationandbioaccumulationdatawithpublishedcarcinogenicity,
mutagenicityandreproductive toxicity (collectivelyknownas
CMR)aswellasSTOTstudies,ifnecessary.
PleaseseeAppendix3forthespecificdatarequirementsforeach
criterion. When conducting laboratory testing the methods
approved by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
Development(OECD)arerecommended.Onceanassessmentofall
sevencriteriaiscompleteitmaybeusefultocompleteasummary
table (as illustrated in Figure 2). An example of the process of
classificationhasbeenillustratedinFigure3.
Fig.2.Anexamplesummarybox.
*Anyoneofthe7UNGHScriterianotmet=cargoisclassedasharmfultothemarineenvironment(HME)
4MEPC.1/circ.791.25/10/2012.ProvisionalclassificationofsolidbulkcargoesundertherevisedMARPOLAnnexVbetween1
January2013and31December2014.
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Fig3.FlowdiagramillustratinganexampleofhowtogatherdatarequiredforHMEclassification.
Iscargoaplastic,syntheticpolymer orrubber?
RecordasmetUNGHScriterianumber7
RecordasnotmetUNGHScriterianumber7
CargoisclassifiedasHME
Isadequatedataregardingtheother6UNGHScriteriaalreadyavailable?
Theshippershouldclassifythecargoforcriteria16usingAppendix3
(foranycategorieswheredataalreadyexists)
Conductdegradation
/bioaccumulationtests
(egOECDmethods301/302and107/117)
Cargoisnotrapidlydegradedandandhasahighbioaccumulation
Compare
to
known
human
and
animalstudiesofCMR((UNGHSCategories3,4,5)andSTOTrepeatedexposure(UNGHS
Category6)
Criteriamet / Criterianotmet
Cargoisrapidlydegradedandhasalowbioaccumulation
RecordasmetUNGHScriterianumber3/4/5/6
RecordasnotmetUNGHSCriterianumber3/4/5/6
CargoisclassifiedasHME
Anyoneofthe7UNGHScriterianotmet
=cargoisclassedasharmfultothemarineenvironment(HME)
YesNo
Yes
No
Conductacuteandchronictoxicity
tests
(egOCEDmethods203/202/201
and/or210/211)
Criterianotmet
Criteriamet
RecordasnotmetUNGHScriterianumber1/2
CargoisclassifiedasHME
RecordasmetUNGHScriterianumber1/2
Then
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3. COMMONQUESTIONS
WhatTestingfacilitiescanIuse?
There are no known approved laboratories, however the following conditions are strongly
recommended:
a)
The facilityshouldbe familiarwithecotoxicity testing for theUNGHSsystemand the IMSBCCodephysicalhazardtests.
b) Studies shouldbe carriedout to internationally standardised guidelines such asOECDor the
International Standards Organisation (ISO) documents. In certain cases national standards
derivedfromtheOECDtestsguidelinesmayalsobeapplicable.
c) Careshouldbetakentoensurethat laboratoriescarryingoutsuchstudiesarecompliantwith
OECDandGoodLabPractice(GLP).
d)
Reportscreatedshouldcontainastatementofqualityassurance.
HowdoIclassifymetals?
Whenlookingtoclassifyinorganiccompounds,mineralsandmetalstheconceptofdegradabilityhas
limitedornomeaningandtherateofdissolutionbecomesthekeytotoxicity.WithintheUNGHSguidelinespart45 there isasectiondevoted to the testingofmetals.Agoodguidehasalsobeen
publishedby the InternationalCouncilonMiningandMetals Oreand concentratesan industry
approach to EU hazard classification6. This organisation has also published a document entitled
MetalsEnvironmentalRiskAssessmentGuidance(MERAG),whichmaybehelpful.
HowdoIclassifymixtures,blendsandbatches?
Whenlookingtoclassifymixturesorblendswhentestresultsforthemixtureitselfarenotavailable,
dataonindividualsubstancesmaybeusedtodeterminetheclassification,makinguseoffactorssuch
asdilutionandbatching.Thesefactorsare termedbridgingprinciplesandfurtherdetailon their
usecanbeobtainedfromtheUNGHSguidelinespart45.Ofmostinterestisthefactthatifadiluent
isthesametoxicityorlower,thentheclassificationisbasedontheoriginalcompound.Inallcasesof
twoormoreclassifications themost stringentclassificationwillapply.Whenbatchesofcargoare
knowntobeproducedby,orunderthecontrolof,thesamemanufacturertheycanbepresumedto
belargelyequivalentandonlyoneclassificationisrequired(unlessthereisreasontobelievethereis
significant variation). This may help avoid some unnecessary extra testing. Note: Retesting is
recommended if theblendingofcargoeshas thepotential to causea change in the toxicityof its
constituentcompounds.
Whataboutcargodustondeck?
Regulation1.2ofMARPOLAnnexVstipulatesthatthetermcargoresiduesdoesnotincludecargo
dustremainingonthedeckaftersweepingordustontheexternalsurfacesoftheshipandthusthis
dustisexcludedfromthedefinitionofgarbagewithintheAnnex.
Whatisthedefinitionofwashwater?
When discussingwashwater the regulations are referring to thewastewater created from the
cleaningofcargoholdsafterdischargeandanynonrecoverablecargoresiduesandsmallquantities
ofcleaningagentscontainedwithinit.
Arethereadequatereceptionfacilities?
TheuseandprovisionofadequatePortReception Facilities (PRFs) is seenas fundamental to the
overallsuccessofMARPOLAnnexV.AdequacyisdefinedintheMARPOLAnnexesbythefactthatthe
5UNGHS2011.http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev04/04files_e.html
6
ICMM
documents
http://www.icmm.com/library/oresandconcentrates
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PRFshouldmeettheneedsofvesselsusingtheportwithoutcausingthemduedelay,thatitdoesnot
providemarinerswithadisincentivetouseandthatitshouldcontributetotheimprovementofthe
marineenvironment7.
At present the availability of suitable reception facilities is known to be fairly low. The ability ofshippers to complywith the regulationsmay thereforebe limitedby the lackof facilitiesatsome
majorportsorinparticularregions.
4. FURTHERGUIDANCE
Wheredataalreadyexistsforthespecifiedcriteria(suchasimpactassessmentsandhealthand
safetyformineralextraction)thisdatacouldpotentiallybeusedtobegintheclassification,provided
that the producer may share the data with the shipper. For processed chemical cargoes the
manufacturermayalsobeabletoprovideadditionaltoxicityinformation.Commoncargoesmaybe
assessed by several shippers and the sharing of datawould be beneficial during the provisional
classificationstage. It isalsounderstoodthatsomecooperationwork isbeingundertakentopool
resourcesandshareinformation,suchastheworkbytheEuropeanCopperInstitute(ECI)
8
.
Referencessuchas theGESAMPhazardprofiles, countryUNGHSdatabases, the IMSBCCode
andtheIMDGCode(thelatteridentifiescertainmarinepollutantcargoeswithinitsindex)maybeof
usewhendetermining thepropertiesof the cargoorwashwater. Lookingatpreviously classified
dangerousgoodssafetydatasheets,cargoesthatareclassedasenvironmentalharmfulsubstances
(EHS)orhave specificUNnumbers indicatingaharmful cargo,mayalsoprovideadditionaluseful
information.Therearealsovariouschemicaldatabasesonlinethatmayprovidepreliminarytoxicity
dataforsomecargoes.
ForfurtherguidanceontheUNGHScriteriaandthevariouscategoriespleaseseeUNGHS4th
Edition(2011)5.
It isnotbelieved that thereareany recommended testmethods forcriteria7as itshouldbe
relatively simple to classify the cargo as a plastic or not. Testmethods for criteria 1 and 2 are
commonlyavailableandunderstood.Criteria3,4,5and6 tend tonotbe testeddirectlybutare
examinedthroughbioaccumulationanddegradationtestswhencomparedwithdatabasesofhuman
and animal studies. For further detail on the testingmethods and criteria please see theOECD
guidelinesdocument forclassificationofchemicals thatarehazardous to themarineenvironment
(2001)9.
The Port State authorities should be able to compare declarations and clarify any specific
requestsorqueries. AlistofdesignatedauthoritiescanbefoundwithintheBC.1/circ6610.
DrRebeccaCoward,TechnicalAdviser,ITOPF,April2013
7MEPC.1/Circ.671.20/7/2009.Guidetogoodpracticeforportreceptionfacilityprovidersandusers.
8FormationofglobalcopperindustrybusinessventureforIMOGHS.
9OECDseriesontestingandassessmentNo27,2001.Guidancedocumentontheuseoftheharmonisedsystemforthe
classificationofchemicalswhicharehazardoustothemarineenvironment.
http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2001)8&doclanguage=en)10
List
of
national
authorities:.
http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=25143&filename=66.pdf.
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Appendix1.CrewResponsibilitiesUnderMARPOLAnnexV
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Appendix2.AnExampleCargoDeclaration
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Appendix3.ASummaryOfTheUNGHSClassificationCriteria11
Redcategory=Criterianotmet
NoUNGHS
CRITERIACATEGORY
1 Acuteaquatic
toxicity
Category1.
96hrLC50(fish),48hrEC50(crustacean)or
72/96hrErC50(algae)is 1.00mg/l
Category2.96hrLC50(fish),48hrEC50
(crustacean)or72/96hrErC50
(algae)is>1.00but10.0mg/l
Category3.96hrLC50(fish),48hrEC50
(crustacean)or72/96hrErC50
(algae)is 10.0but70%(basedondissolvedorganic
carbon)or>60%(CO2generationorO2depletion)ofthematerialisdegradedwithina28dayperiod.Ifnootherdata
isavailablethenBOD5/COD50.5.13
Bioaccumulationismeasuredthroughexposurestudiesinfishorshellfishandreportedasabioconcentrationfactor(BCF)
where
high
=
500
or
an
octanol/water
partition
coefficient
(log
Kow)
where
high
=
4.