A 20130522 Disposal of Bulk Cargo Residues and Hold Washings Under MARPOL Annex v 02(1)

7/24/2019 A 20130522 Disposal of Bulk Cargo Residues and Hold Washings Under MARPOL Annex v 02(1)

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THE INTERNATIONAL TANKER OWNERS POLLUTION FEDERATION LIMITED (ITOPF)

1, Olivers Yard, 55 City Roa d, London EC 1Y 1HQ, United Kingdom

Tel: +44 (0)20 7566 6999, Fax: +44 (0)20 7566 6950, 24hr Pager: +44 (0)7626 398 4606Email: central@itop f.com Web: www.itopf.com

Registered in England No. 944863. Registered o ffice as abo ve

BULKCARGOTANKWASHWATERDISCHARGE

AND

CARGO

DECLARATIONS

UNDER

MARPOL

ANNEX

V

1. INTRODUCTION

As of 1st January 2013, amendments to MARPOL Annex V1,2, mean that shippers have new

responsibilities regarding cargo classification (crew responsibilities are outlined separatelywithin

Appendix1)andhowitaffectstheabilityofthecrewtodischargeholdwashwaterintothemarine

environment. From this date shippers will need to considerwhether or not the cargo residues

present inthewaterareharmful to themarineenvironment (HME),as illustrated inFigure1.The

followingdocumentsetsouttherequirementsaswellastheconceptandprocessofclassificationof

cargoesasHME.

Fig1.HowtheHMEclassificationaffectswashwaterdischargeatsea.

1.1 MARPOLANNEXV

The discharge of holdwash water and any nonrecoverable cargo residues contained therein is

primarilycontrolledthroughMARPOLAnnexV,whereitisclassedasgarbageandthereforesubject

tothecontrolsspecifiedwithinRegulations4.1.3and6.1.2oftherecentamendmentstoMARPOL2.

In essence the discharge of cargo residueswithin holdwashwater is governed by the following

criteria:

Nodischargeofcargoresiduesshouldoccurlessthan12nauticalmilesfromthenearestland,

anice

shelf

or

within

port

limits.

Nodischargeofcargo residues shouldoccurwithin the six3MARPOLdefinedSpecialAreas

2

(theMediterranean, the Gulfs area, thewiderCaribbean including theGulfofMexico, the

BalticSea,theNorthSeaandtheAntarctic).Thedisposalofgarbageatseaisheavilyrestricted

1MEPC.219(63).Annex24.2012GuidelinesfortheimplementationofMARPOLAnnexV.Adopted2

ndMarch2012.

2MEPC.201(62).Annex13.Amendmentstotheprotocolof1978relatingtotheInternationalConventionforthePreventionof

PollutionfromShips,1973.Adopted

15thJuly2011.

3TheothertwoSpecialAreasoftheBlackSeaandtheRedSeahavenotyetcomeintoforce.MEPC.1/CIRC.77826/1/2012.

You

currently

submitacargo

declaration

underIMSBC

Section

4.2

FromJan1st 2013you

also

need

to

PROVISIONALY

classify

the

cargo

as

harmful

to

the

marine

environment

(HME)

or

not

All

cargo

residues

and

washwateraresubject

to

MARPOL

Annex

V

If

cargo

is

classifiedasHME

Hold

wash

water

may

not

be

discharged

overboardbut

should

be

received

by

an

appropriate

reception

facility

Shippers

of

a

solid

bulk

cargo


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2

intheseareasunlessboththedestinationanddepartureportsarewithintheSpecialAreaand

provided that no adequate reception facilities exist. In such instances discharge should take

placeasfarouttoseaasispracticableand,inanyevent,nolessthan12nauticalmilesfromthe

nearestland.

NodischargeofanycargoresiduesspecifiedasHME. Holdwashwatershouldbedischargedtoasuitablereceptionfacility.

UnderthetimeframestipulatedunderMARPOLAnnexVbyMEPC.1/Circ.7914(i.e.from1stJanuary

2013 until 31st December 2014) the shippermust take all reasonable measures to provisionally

classify cargoes as HME or not. From 1st January 2015 the shipper should provide a complete

classificationforthecargotobeshipped.TheshippermustalsodeclarewhetherthecargoisHMEor

nottotheportstateauthoritiesintheportofloadingandunloading.

1.2 INTERNATIONALMARITIMESOLIDBULKCARGOESCODE(IMSBC)

AllvesselscarryingsolidbulkcargoesarealreadyrequiredtocomplywiththeIMSBCCode.Thecargo

declarationform

as

required

inSection

4.2

of

the

Code

should

now

contain

aprovisional

declaration

statingwhether the cargo isHMEornot (an exampleofwhich is illustrated inAppendix 2). This

declarationcouldadditionallybeprovidedinamaterialorproductSafetyDataSheet(SDS)oraletter

of declaration regarding HME. As cargoesmust already be tested by the shipper for the IMSBC

physicalparameterslistedintheexampledeclaration,itwouldbesensibletocarryoutanyadditional

testingrequiredfordeterminationofHMEatthesametime.

2. HOWTOCLASSIFYCARGOESASHME(ORNOT)

Inordertoclassifythecargothe2012guidelines1stipulatetheuseoftheUNGloballyHarmonized

System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (UN GHS). Under the guidelines a cargo is

considered HME if it fails any of seven criteria (acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, carcinogenicity,

mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, repeatedexposureof specific targetorgan toxicity [STOT]and

thepresenceofplastics,rubberorsyntheticpolymers).

Therearethreemainstagesintheclassificationofacargousingthe7UNGHScriteria:

1. Aliteraturesearchofavailableinformation,

2. Laboratorytestingfortoxicity,biodegradationandbioaccumulation,

3. Thecomparisonofthebiodegradationandbioaccumulationdatawithpublishedcarcinogenicity,

mutagenicityandreproductive toxicity (collectivelyknownas

CMR)aswellasSTOTstudies,ifnecessary.

PleaseseeAppendix3forthespecificdatarequirementsforeach

criterion. When conducting laboratory testing the methods

approved by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and

Development(OECD)arerecommended.Onceanassessmentofall

sevencriteriaiscompleteitmaybeusefultocompleteasummary

table (as illustrated in Figure 2). An example of the process of

classificationhasbeenillustratedinFigure3.

Fig.2.Anexamplesummarybox.

*Anyoneofthe7UNGHScriterianotmet=cargoisclassedasharmfultothemarineenvironment(HME)

4MEPC.1/circ.791.25/10/2012.ProvisionalclassificationofsolidbulkcargoesundertherevisedMARPOLAnnexVbetween1

January2013and31December2014.


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Fig3.FlowdiagramillustratinganexampleofhowtogatherdatarequiredforHMEclassification.

Iscargoaplastic,syntheticpolymer orrubber?

RecordasmetUNGHScriterianumber7

RecordasnotmetUNGHScriterianumber7

CargoisclassifiedasHME

Isadequatedataregardingtheother6UNGHScriteriaalreadyavailable?

Theshippershouldclassifythecargoforcriteria16usingAppendix3

(foranycategorieswheredataalreadyexists)

Conductdegradation

/bioaccumulationtests

(egOECDmethods301/302and107/117)

Cargoisnotrapidlydegradedandandhasahighbioaccumulation

Compare

to

known

human

and

animalstudiesofCMR((UNGHSCategories3,4,5)andSTOTrepeatedexposure(UNGHS

Category6)

Criteriamet / Criterianotmet

Cargoisrapidlydegradedandhasalowbioaccumulation

RecordasmetUNGHScriterianumber3/4/5/6

RecordasnotmetUNGHSCriterianumber3/4/5/6


Anyoneofthe7UNGHScriterianotmet

=cargoisclassedasharmfultothemarineenvironment(HME)

YesNo

Yes

No

Conductacuteandchronictoxicity

tests

(egOCEDmethods203/202/201

and/or210/211)

Criterianotmet

Criteriamet

RecordasnotmetUNGHScriterianumber1/2


RecordasmetUNGHScriterianumber1/2

Then


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3. COMMONQUESTIONS

WhatTestingfacilitiescanIuse?

There are no known approved laboratories, however the following conditions are strongly

recommended:

a)

The facilityshouldbe familiarwithecotoxicity testing for theUNGHSsystemand the IMSBCCodephysicalhazardtests.

b) Studies shouldbe carriedout to internationally standardised guidelines such asOECDor the

International Standards Organisation (ISO) documents. In certain cases national standards

derivedfromtheOECDtestsguidelinesmayalsobeapplicable.

c) Careshouldbetakentoensurethat laboratoriescarryingoutsuchstudiesarecompliantwith

OECDandGoodLabPractice(GLP).

d)

Reportscreatedshouldcontainastatementofqualityassurance.

HowdoIclassifymetals?

Whenlookingtoclassifyinorganiccompounds,mineralsandmetalstheconceptofdegradabilityhas

limitedornomeaningandtherateofdissolutionbecomesthekeytotoxicity.WithintheUNGHSguidelinespart45 there isasectiondevoted to the testingofmetals.Agoodguidehasalsobeen

publishedby the InternationalCouncilonMiningandMetals Oreand concentratesan industry

approach to EU hazard classification6. This organisation has also published a document entitled

MetalsEnvironmentalRiskAssessmentGuidance(MERAG),whichmaybehelpful.

HowdoIclassifymixtures,blendsandbatches?

Whenlookingtoclassifymixturesorblendswhentestresultsforthemixtureitselfarenotavailable,

dataonindividualsubstancesmaybeusedtodeterminetheclassification,makinguseoffactorssuch

asdilutionandbatching.Thesefactorsare termedbridgingprinciplesandfurtherdetailon their

usecanbeobtainedfromtheUNGHSguidelinespart45.Ofmostinterestisthefactthatifadiluent

isthesametoxicityorlower,thentheclassificationisbasedontheoriginalcompound.Inallcasesof

twoormoreclassifications themost stringentclassificationwillapply.Whenbatchesofcargoare

knowntobeproducedby,orunderthecontrolof,thesamemanufacturertheycanbepresumedto

belargelyequivalentandonlyoneclassificationisrequired(unlessthereisreasontobelievethereis

significant variation). This may help avoid some unnecessary extra testing. Note: Retesting is

recommended if theblendingofcargoeshas thepotential to causea change in the toxicityof its

constituentcompounds.

Whataboutcargodustondeck?

Regulation1.2ofMARPOLAnnexVstipulatesthatthetermcargoresiduesdoesnotincludecargo

dustremainingonthedeckaftersweepingordustontheexternalsurfacesoftheshipandthusthis

dustisexcludedfromthedefinitionofgarbagewithintheAnnex.

Whatisthedefinitionofwashwater?

When discussingwashwater the regulations are referring to thewastewater created from the

cleaningofcargoholdsafterdischargeandanynonrecoverablecargoresiduesandsmallquantities

ofcleaningagentscontainedwithinit.

Arethereadequatereceptionfacilities?

TheuseandprovisionofadequatePortReception Facilities (PRFs) is seenas fundamental to the

overallsuccessofMARPOLAnnexV.AdequacyisdefinedintheMARPOLAnnexesbythefactthatthe

5UNGHS2011.http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/ghs/ghs_rev04/04files_e.html

6

ICMM

documents

http://www.icmm.com/library/oresandconcentrates


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PRFshouldmeettheneedsofvesselsusingtheportwithoutcausingthemduedelay,thatitdoesnot

providemarinerswithadisincentivetouseandthatitshouldcontributetotheimprovementofthe

marineenvironment7.

At present the availability of suitable reception facilities is known to be fairly low. The ability ofshippers to complywith the regulationsmay thereforebe limitedby the lackof facilitiesatsome

majorportsorinparticularregions.

4. FURTHERGUIDANCE

Wheredataalreadyexistsforthespecifiedcriteria(suchasimpactassessmentsandhealthand

safetyformineralextraction)thisdatacouldpotentiallybeusedtobegintheclassification,provided

that the producer may share the data with the shipper. For processed chemical cargoes the

manufacturermayalsobeabletoprovideadditionaltoxicityinformation.Commoncargoesmaybe

assessed by several shippers and the sharing of datawould be beneficial during the provisional

classificationstage. It isalsounderstoodthatsomecooperationwork isbeingundertakentopool

resourcesandshareinformation,suchastheworkbytheEuropeanCopperInstitute(ECI)

8

.

Referencessuchas theGESAMPhazardprofiles, countryUNGHSdatabases, the IMSBCCode

andtheIMDGCode(thelatteridentifiescertainmarinepollutantcargoeswithinitsindex)maybeof

usewhendetermining thepropertiesof the cargoorwashwater. Lookingatpreviously classified

dangerousgoodssafetydatasheets,cargoesthatareclassedasenvironmentalharmfulsubstances

(EHS)orhave specificUNnumbers indicatingaharmful cargo,mayalsoprovideadditionaluseful

information.Therearealsovariouschemicaldatabasesonlinethatmayprovidepreliminarytoxicity

dataforsomecargoes.

ForfurtherguidanceontheUNGHScriteriaandthevariouscategoriespleaseseeUNGHS4th

Edition(2011)5.

It isnotbelieved that thereareany recommended testmethods forcriteria7as itshouldbe

relatively simple to classify the cargo as a plastic or not. Testmethods for criteria 1 and 2 are

commonlyavailableandunderstood.Criteria3,4,5and6 tend tonotbe testeddirectlybutare

examinedthroughbioaccumulationanddegradationtestswhencomparedwithdatabasesofhuman

and animal studies. For further detail on the testingmethods and criteria please see theOECD

guidelinesdocument forclassificationofchemicals thatarehazardous to themarineenvironment

(2001)9.

The Port State authorities should be able to compare declarations and clarify any specific

requestsorqueries. AlistofdesignatedauthoritiescanbefoundwithintheBC.1/circ6610.

DrRebeccaCoward,TechnicalAdviser,ITOPF,April2013

7MEPC.1/Circ.671.20/7/2009.Guidetogoodpracticeforportreceptionfacilityprovidersandusers.

8FormationofglobalcopperindustrybusinessventureforIMOGHS.

9OECDseriesontestingandassessmentNo27,2001.Guidancedocumentontheuseoftheharmonisedsystemforthe

classificationofchemicalswhicharehazardoustothemarineenvironment.

http://search.oecd.org/officialdocuments/displaydocumentpdf/?cote=env/jm/mono(2001)8&doclanguage=en)10

List

of

national

authorities:.

http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=25143&filename=66.pdf.


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Appendix1.CrewResponsibilitiesUnderMARPOLAnnexV


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Appendix2.AnExampleCargoDeclaration


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Appendix3.ASummaryOfTheUNGHSClassificationCriteria11

Redcategory=Criterianotmet

NoUNGHS

CRITERIACATEGORY

1 Acuteaquatic

toxicity

Category1.

96hrLC50(fish),48hrEC50(crustacean)or

72/96hrErC50(algae)is 1.00mg/l

Category2.96hrLC50(fish),48hrEC50

(crustacean)or72/96hrErC50

(algae)is>1.00but10.0mg/l

Category3.96hrLC50(fish),48hrEC50

(crustacean)or72/96hrErC50

(algae)is 10.0but70%(basedondissolvedorganic

carbon)or>60%(CO2generationorO2depletion)ofthematerialisdegradedwithina28dayperiod.Ifnootherdata

isavailablethenBOD5/COD50.5.13

Bioaccumulationismeasuredthroughexposurestudiesinfishorshellfishandreportedasabioconcentrationfactor(BCF)

where

high

=

500

or

an

octanol/water

partition

coefficient

(log

Kow)

where

high

=

4.

Documents

A 20130522 Disposal of Bulk Cargo Residues and Hold Washings Under MARPOL Annex v 02(1)