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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Reciklirani agregati –lastnosti in uporabnost
Ana Mladenovič, Zavod za gradbeništvo Slovenije
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Vsebina predstavitve
Terminologija
Rušenje objektov: vpliv na kakovost agregata
Nevarne snovi
Vrste in preiskave recikliranega agregata
Reciklirani agregati v betonu
Zaključki
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Agregati
Eden od osnovnih materialov v gradbeništvu.
Delež agregata:
80 % v betonu
90 % v asfaltu
100 % v nevezanih plasteh.
Svetovna poraba: 95 % naravnih in 5 % alternativnih.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Terminologija
Agregat je:
zrnat material, ki se uporablja pri gradnji.
Agregati so lahko:
• naravni
• umetni
• reciklirani
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Naravni agregat: Agregat mineralnega izvora, ki je bil le mehansko predelan.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Naravni agregat
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Umetni agregat: Agregat mineralnega izvora, pripravljen v industrijskem procesu, pod
vplivom toplotnih ali drugačnih sprememb.
8/11 mm
Proizvodnja agregata
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Reciklirani agregat: Agregat, ki nastane s predelavo neorganskega materiala, ki je bil
pred tem že vgrajen.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Reciklirani agregat = agregat iz gradbenih ruševin
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Vsebina predstavitve
Terminologija
Rušenje objektov: vpliv na kakovost agregata
Nevarne snovi
Vrste in preiskave recikliranega agregata
Reciklirani agregati v betonu
Zaključki
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kakršne ruševine - takšen agregat?
NE DRŽI!
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kakršno rušenje - takšen agregat!
Ničkomplicirati
Selektivno rušenje
Več pristopov
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Nič komplicirati
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Nič komplicirati
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Pristop: nekaj vmes
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Selektivno rušenje
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zakaj je selektivno rušenje nujno?
• zaradi zdravja ljudi in okolja
• zaradi boljše kakovosti materialov
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Vsebina predstavitve
Terminologija
Rušenje objektov: vpliv na kakovost agregata
Nevarne snovi
Vrste in preiskave recikliranega agregata
Reciklirani agregati v betonu
Zaključki
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
V stavbi so lahko nevarni materiali!
• Azbest (tudi druga vlakna)
• Policiklični aromatski ogljikovodiki (PAH), npr. katran
• Poliklorirani bifenili (PCB)
• Mineralna olja, Pb barve
• Onesnaženje zaradi preteklih aktivnosti.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Azbest – od magičnega do nevarnega materiala
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zakaj je azbest nevaren?
Ko vlakno zaide v pljuča, do konca življenja draži mesto, kjer je zapičeno. Telesna tekočina ga ne raztopi.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Lucy Deane piše leta 1898:
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Lucy Deane piše leta 1898:
• Škodljivi učinek azbesta je bil raziskan s pomočjo mikroskopa. To je naredil medicinski inšpektor.
• Vidi se nazobčana, steklu podobna oblika vlaken, če so v zraku v kakršnikoli količini, je učinek škodljiv.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Azbest - prepoved 107 let po prvem opozorilu!
• Direktiva 1999/77/ES prepoveduje vsako uporabo azbesta od 1. januarja 2005.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Slovenija
• Uredba (Ur. l. RS, št. 49/2001) ukinja proizvodnjo, promet in uporabo azbesta in azbestnih izdelkov z začetkom leta 2003.
• Uporaba izdelkov, ki so bili na dan uveljavitve Uredbe (28.06.2001) že v uporabi, ni prepovedana!
• Rok za odstranitev azbesta ni določen!
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Namen predstavljenih dejstev ni vzbujanje panike!
Potrebno se je zavedati, da je:
- azbest zdravju škodljv,
- še vedno prisoten v številnih zgradbah,
- izpostavljenosti azbestnemu prahu se je možno izogniti le z doslednim upoštevanjem varnostnihukrepov.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Praksa v Sloveniji
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Asfaltni rezkanec s katranom (presežena vrednost PAH)
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Onesnaženje zaradi preteklih aktivnosti
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Vsebina predstavitve
Terminologija
Rušenje objektov: vpliv na kakovost agregata
Nevarne snovi
Vrste in preiskave recikliranega agregata
Reciklirani agregati v betonu
Zaključki
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zakaj je selektivno rušenje nujno?
1. zaradi zdravja ljudi in okolja
2. zaradi boljše kakovosti materialov
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Predelava v agregat
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Reciklirani agregat
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Reciklirani agregat
Če je ob rušenju stavbe material pravilno selekcioniran in pravilno predelan v agregat, je ta enakovreden naravnemu agregatu.
Isti standardi in potrjevanje skladnosti kot za naravni agregat.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
ZakonodajaDirektiva o gradbenih proizvodih (CD89/106/EEC):
gradbeni proizvod je vsak proizvod, ki jena trajen način vgrajen v objekt.
8 harmoniziranih standardov za agregate
• SIST EN 12620, Agregati za beton• SIST EN 13043, Agregati za bitumenske zmesi in površinske
prevleke za ceste, letališča in druge prometne površine• SIST EN 13242, Agregati za nevezane in hidravlično vezane
materiale za uporabo v inženirskih objektih in za gradnjo cest
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
• Standardi ne podajajo zahtev za kakovost agregata!
• Predpisujejo preiskave, ki omogočajo, da se pridobi informacija o tem, kakšen je določen proizvod.
• Določajo, kako se rezultati podajajo.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Potrjevanje skladnosti agregata
Dva sistema potrjevanja skladnosti:
Sistem 2+, kadar so zahteve za varnost visoke
(Certifikat proizvodnje, Izjava o skladnosti,
Oznaka CE)
Sistem 4, kadar so zahteve za varnost nizke
(Izjava o skladnosti, Oznaka CE)
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Oznaka CE
Oznaka CE je le informacija o tem, kakšne so lastnosti proizvoda.
Ni dokaz, da agregat ustreza za določennamen!
Kriterije podajajo npr. projekt ali tehničnespecifikacije.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zahteve za agregat
• odporen na atmosferske vplive in antropogeno onesnaževanje,
• odporen proti mehanskim obremenitvam,
• ustrezna zrnavost, ki mu zagotavlja dobre nosilne in filtrne lastnosti.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
• Reciklirani agregati so heterogeni po sestavi, kakovost zelo variira.
• Visokokakovostni, po meri narejeni kompoziti so redki.
• Tehnike, ki bi lahko izboljšale kakovost (npr. pranje, magneti, zračni curek,) se praktično ne uporabljajo.
Trenutna kakovost recikliranega agregata
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Možna uporaba
• Enostavni, dinamično neobremenjeni nasipi/zasipi, kjer so nizke zahteve za varnost
• Nevezane in hidravlično vezane plasti v cestogradnji
• Betoni
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Recikliran betonski agregat vs. naravni agregat v cestni konstrukciji
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Recikliran betonski agregat vs. naravni agregat v cestni konstrukciji
• Manjša občutljivost za vlago.
• Manjše deformacije plasti.
• Višji modul elastičnosti.
• Boljše dolgoročno obnašanje v danih pogojih okolja.
• Okoljska inertnost.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Dva razloga
1.
Zrnavostna sestava omogoča uravnoteženo polnjenje praznin.
Struktura nevezane plasti je zato kompaktna in odporna na obremenitve.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
2.
Zaradi ostankov nehidratiziranega portlandskega klinkerja je v kompozitu vezivni potencial, ki se počasi sprošča.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Možna uporaba
• Enostavni, dinamično neobremenjeni nasipi/zasipi, kjer so nizke zahteve za varnost
• Nevezane in hidravlično vezane plasti v cestogradnji
• Betoni
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Odpadki v betonih
Ta simbioza je idealna z vidika masnih izravnav.
Razlog 1: stopnja recikliranja in ponovne uporabe industrijskih in gradbenih odpadkov je nizka, torej so materiali na razpolago.
Razlog 2: Beton je najpomembnejši gradbeni material.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Betoni so najpomembnejši
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Nekaj dejstev
• Svetovna poraba betona -količinsko takoj za vodo.
• 1 m3 na prebivalca letno.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Več kot 70 % prebivalstva živi v betonskih zgradbah
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Ni materiala, ki bi ga lahko v bližnji prihodnosti nadomestil
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Panteon, Rim
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Beton
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Problem je cement
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
• 3.6 milijard ton na leto• 1 tona cementa generira 1 tono CO2
• 7 % svetovnih emisij
Cement v globalni statistiki
?
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Eno mlado drevo lahko porabi na leto
samo 2 kg CO2
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Beton mora postati zelen!
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kaj so zeleni betoni?
Vir: Stefano Boeri Architectta
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kaj so zeleni betoni?
Alternativni agregati na osnovi odpadkov.
Modifikacija veziva: veziva na osnovi odpadkov (pepeli, žlindre, mulji).
Kombinacija obeh.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zeleni betoni
Zahteva: enaka funkcionalnost in trajnost kot konvencionalni
(ali boljša).
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Reciklirani betonski agregat
• Povečano vpijanje
• Manjša prostorninska masa (2000 – 2500 kg/m3)
• Manjša odpornost na abrazijo
• Nečistoče
• Dvojni stik (nižja zgodnja trdnost)
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Betonski kompozit
• Variacije v konsistenci (potrebno več vode)
• Nižja trdnost (dvojni stik)
• Nižji modul elastičnosti
• Večje krčenje
• Večja permeabilnost
• Manjša odpornost na zmrzovanje
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Mofidifikacije sestave in tehnologije mešanja
Možno je proizvesti beton sprejemljive kakovosti.
• dve fazi mešanja
• uporaba superplastifikatorjev
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Mikro CT - kakovost in stanje stika
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Hidratacija veziva v betonu
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zeleni beton (agregat + komunalni mulj + pepel)
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Zeleni beton (agregat + komunalni mulj + pepel)
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kako je zeleni beton dan na trg?
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Dodatne zahteve
Betoni niso primerni za vgrajevanje v vodna telesa oziroma v konstrukcije pod gladino podzemne vode, v konstrukcije, ki bodo izpostavljene vodni abraziji ali na vodovarstvenem obmo čju.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kriterij je inertnost izlužka
mg/kg ss
Arzen 0,5Barij 20Kadmij 0,04Celotni krom 0,5Baker 2Živo srebro 0,01Molibden 0,5Nikelj 0,4Svinec 0,5Antimon 0,06Selen 0,1Cink 4Kloridi 800Fluoridi 10Sulfati 1000
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Slovenija
SETRAVse vrednosti je
potrebno izpolniti z 80 %
vzorcev
Vse vredostiso izpolnjene s 100 % vzorcev
Arzenmg/kg
s.s. As 0,5 0,5 1,5
Barijmg/kg
s.s. Ba 20 20 60
Kadmijmg/kg
s.s. Cd 0,04 0,04 0,12
Celotni krommg/kg
s.s. Cr 0,5 0,5 1,5
Bakermg/kg
s.s. Cu 2 2 6
Živo srebromg/kg
s.s. Hg 0,01 0,01 0,03
Molibdenmg/kg
s.s. Mo 0,5 0,5 1,5
Nikeljmg/kg
s.s. Ni 0,4 0,4 1,2
Svinecmg/kg
s.s. Pb 0,5 0,5 1,5
Antimonmg/kg
s.s. Sb 0,06 0,06 0,18
Selenmg/kg
0,1 0,1 0,3
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Vsebina predstavitve
Terminologija
Rušenje objektov: vpliv na kakovost agregata
Nevarne snovi
Vrste in preiskave recikliranega agregata
Reciklirani agregati v betonu
Zaključki
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Koncept trajnostnega razvoja v gradbeništvu
Sedanja generacija naj živi tako, da bodo tistim, ki prihajajo za nami, omogočene podobne življenjske razmere in da jim bomo zapustili minimalno degradirano okolje.
Odpadki so surovina!
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Izvor/ime materiala ni pomembno!
Kar šteje, so lastnosti in rezultati!
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Odpadek je vir za gradbene proizvode in konstrukcije
Velik sinergističen efekt je možno doseči zlasti na področju gradbeništva - vezanih kompozitov!
•Možno je porabiti velike količine odpadkov.•Novi kompoziti so lahko boljši/ cenejši od tradicionalnih.
•Toksične snovi v odpadkih se dolgoročno fiksirajo.
•Nižje CO2 emisije.•Prihranek energije.•Ohranjanje naravnih virov.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Gradbeni odpadki
EU Direktiva o odpadkih 2008/98/EC zahteva bolj učinkovito recikliranje.
Eksplicitno za gradbene odpadke: 70 % do 2020.
Stopnja recikliranja v Sloveniji: 20 % ?
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Situacija v SlovenijiStopnja recikliranja je nizka.
• Naravne surovine: v obilju, cenene.
• Deponije (nelegalno odlaganje).
• Pomanjkanje znanja in volje uporabljati odpadke.
• Komplicirane administrativne procedure.
• Ljudje še niso pripoznali: odpadek je surovina.
• Ljudje ne sprejemajo strokovnih dejstev / raje imajo polresnice in domneve.
• Mediji poročajo katastrofično, senzacionalistično, manipulistično.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Tehnični razlogi
Manjka holističen pristop v celotni verigi, od rušenja do končne uporabe!
•Predrušitvena ocena je slaba (detekcija nevarnih, kontaminiranih materialov, tudi predmetov, ki imajo “re-use” vrednost ).
•Rušenje je takšno, da ne daje kakovostnih materialov .
•Aplikacijo odpadkov v gradbenih kompozitih je potrebno validirati →→→→ začetni stroški so višji →→→→stališče “to se ne izplača“.
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Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kako intenzivirati uporabo?
1. Izobraževanje odločevalcev in projektantov.
2. Pospeševanje v okviru zelenih javnih naročil.
3. Sankcioniranje ilegalnega odlaganja in plenjenja naravnih virov.
4. Dvig motivacije in zavedanja laične javnosti:
- uporaba odpadkov je priložnost in potreba,
- odpadki so odlična surovina,
- ob korektni uporabi ne obremenjujejo okolja,
- zmanjša se potreba po energiji in naravnih surovinah.
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
KakovostŽivljenjska dobaFunkcionalnostReciklabilnost
Cena Izpusti CO2 Poraba energije
Ali znamo najti ravnotežje?
11.6.2013
42
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
Kdaj? Kako?
NIMBY (not in my backyard)
YIMBY(yes, in my backyard )
Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.Promotion of the Recycling of Industrial Waste and Building Rubble for the Construction Industry.
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