Abo sheaashaa
By
It is the part of light energy that can be seen. هو الجزء الذي مكن رؤته من الطاقة الضوئة
It is a form of energy هو صورة من صور الطاقة .
Light travels in straight lines. 1 سر الضوء فى خطوط مستقمة
formation of upside down ( inverted) images
through narrow holes is due to بسبب traveling
of light in straight lines.
It is the darkened area which is formed as
a result of falling of light on an opaque object.
Formation of shadow is due to traveling of light in
straight lines.
The properties of light: خصائص الضوء
The idea of camera
Light transmits through different materials. لمختلفةانتقل الضوء خلال المواد 2
Transparent material Semi-transparent
(translucent) material
Opaque material مواد نصف شفافة
مواد شفافة
مواد معتمة
Most of light can pass.
We can see objects
clearly behind it.
Glass – air – clear water Frosted light – tissue paper Rock – wood –paper –foil paper – people
Give reason :Cartoon is an opaque material:
Because the light can’t transmit through it
and objects can't be seen behind .
some of light can pass.
We can see objects less
clearly behind it.
Light can’t pass.
We can ‘t see objects
behind it.
Frosted glass is a translucent material.
Clear water is a transparent material.
the absence of light. Due toWe can't see in darkness: Give reason
1- the sun ( main source)
2- electric lamps.
3- candles.
4- kerosene lamps.
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• When the colored light all on opaque object , the object appears black
because the object absorbs the colored light and doesn’t reflect any color.
Light reflection . 3 انعكاس الضــوء
It is the bouncing (returning back) of light rays when light falls on a
surface. الإشاعة الضوئة عندما تقع على سطح عاكس هو ارتداد
Seeing your image in the Give reason
mirror:
Because the mirror reflects the light rays
falling on it.
We can't see in darkness: Give reason
the absence of light. Due to
Light refraction . 4 انكـــســــار الضــوء
It is the change in the direction of light rays when light passes though the
separating surface between two transparent media, due to the change in
the light speed. هو تغر اتجاه الضوء عندما مر على سطح فاصل بن وسطن شفافن، بسبب التغر فى سرعة الضوء.
: Give reason
A spoon appears broken when you put it in
transparent cup of water.
Due to the refraction of light.
Separation of light . الضــوء( تحلل)انفصال 5 It is the separation of white light into seven
colors called spectrum colors.
red
orange
yellow
green
blue
indigo
violet
: the formation of the spectrum color. Give reason
Due to splitting of white light into seven spectrum color
A source of light and a reflecting surface are necessary for light reflection.
Direction اتجاه
Through خلال
Passes مر
Separating سطح فاصل
surface
وسط –مادة Media
Due to بسبب
Speed بسرعة
بدو -ظهر apears
:Regular reflection
• It is the reflection of light on a
smooth and shiny reflecting surface.
• the light rays are reflected directly
in one direction .
• like mirror.
irregular reflection: :
• It is the reflection of light
on a rough reflecting
surface.
• the light rays are reflected and
scattered in different directions.
• like white paper.
The seven spectrum colors ألوان الطف
Red – orange – yellow – green – blue – indigo - violet
Primary colors الألوان الأساسة
They are colors can’t produce by mixing two other colors.
They are colors can produce by mixing two primary colors.
secondary colors الألوان الثانوة
When white light falls on
Opaque object: it reflects its color
Translucent material: pass some light.
Transparent material: pass most light.
Colored transparent material:
Absorbs all colors and pass its color.
When one color light falls on
When light from colored
transparent sheet falls on
Opaque
object
The object seems
black Because it
absorbs the colored
light and doesn’t
reflect any color.
or
Give reason
• The red transparent ruler appears red when white light falls on it.
Because it absorbs all the light colors transmits only the red light color.
• we can see the white paper as it is.
Because it reflects all colors.
• we can see the the black board as it is.
Because it absorbs all colors.
• we can see the the red apple as it is.
Because it absorbs all light colors and reflects the red light color.
Red – yellow - blue
Orange – cyan - violet
MAGNITEZM It’s a type of rocks has an attractive force to any material made of iron.
Natural
Magnet
Artificial
magnet
• It is a black rock. • It is one of the iron ores which
is known as "Magnetite".
• It has different shapes and
sizes.
Magnetic
materials
Non-magnetic
materials
They are the materials which
are attracted to the magnet.
Iron – nickel- steel and
cobalt
They are the materials which are
not attracted to the magnet.
Chalk – glass- paper aluminium -
copper-wood –leather- plastic The magnet attracts iron,: Give reason
but doesn't attract copper.
Because iron is a magnetic material, but copper is a non-magnetic material.
The properties of the magnet
The magnet has two poles ,the attraction force
concentrated on them. للمغناطس قطبن تتركز فهما قوة الجذب 1
The regions (areas) of magnet at which most of the magnetic materials are attracted. Two poles of magnet (magnetic poles):
The freely moving الحر الحركة (suspended) magnet always
takes a fixed ثابت direction, which is North-south
direction. تخذ المغناطس الحر الحركة اتجاها ثابتا و هو اتجاه الشمال والجنوب
2
When you approach a magnet to some paper clips, the clips are : Give reason
.attracted to the two poles of the magnet
Because the attraction force of the magnet is concentrated at the two poles of magnet
The like (similar) magnetic
poles repel each other, but the
unlike (opposite) magnetic
poles attract each other.
الأقطاب المتشابهة تتنافر والأقطاب المختلفة تتجاذب
3 The north pole of : Give reason
a magnet attracts the south pole
of another magnet, but repels
the north pole.
Because the opposite magnetic
poles attract each other, while
the similar magnetic poles repel
each other.
The magnet is surrounded by an area called "Magnetic field". 4 المنطقة المحطة بالمغناطس تسمى المجال المغناطسى
Magnetic field:
It is the space around the magnet in
which the effect of magnetic force
appears.
Magnetic force:
It is the ability of the magnet to attract
the magnetic materials existed in its
field.
The importance of the magnetic compass
It used to identify the four geographical directions.
The compass is used to locate (determine) the main four directions.: Give reason
Because the north and south poles of its magnetic needle always point to the north
and south directions of the Earth.
المغناطسة
Mag
ne
tism
an
d E
lectr
icit
y
T
he
re a
re tw
o r
ela
tio
nship
s
Ele
ctr
ic c
urr
en
t can
gen
era
te a
mag
neti
c f
ield
.
Th
e e
lectr
ic c
urr
en
t can
be
gen
era
ted
by a
mag
neti
c e
nerg
y.
Th
e m
ag
ne
tic
fo
rce
of
the
ele
ctr
om
ag
ne
t c
an
be
in
cre
as
ed
by:
• in
cre
asin
g th
e n
um
be
r o
f co
il tu
rns.
• in
cre
asin
g th
e n
um
be
r o
f b
att
eri
es, w
he
re th
e in
ten
sity o
f th
e
ele
ctr
ic c
urr
en
t p
assin
g th
rou
gh
th
e c
oil in
cre
ase
s.
Giv
e r
eas
on
:
A w
rou
gh
t ir
on
عاو
طلم
ايد
حدالn
ail
is
us
ed
fo
r
makin
g t
he e
lectr
om
ag
net.
Beca
use
th
e w
rou
ght
iro
n n
ail g
ain
s ب
سكت
and
loses قد
ف t
he m
ag
netism
easily.
Ob
se
rva
tio
n : T
he
iro
n n
ail a
ttra
cts
th
e p
ap
er
clip
s.
Co
nc
lus
ion
: T
he
iro
n b
ar
be
co
me
s a
te
mp
ora
ry m
ag
ne
t th
at
is c
alle
d “
th
e e
lec
tro
ma
gn
et
".
Th
e e
lectr
ic c
urr
en
t can
be g
en
era
ted
in
a c
oil o
f d
yn
am
o
by:
a. M
ovin
g t
he
co
il in t
he
ma
gne
tic f
ield
be
twe
en t
he
tw
o p
ole
s
of th
e m
agnet.
b. M
ovin
g a
magnet
insid
e the c
oil.
: G
ive r
easo
n In
the d
ynam
o,
we m
ust
incre
ase t
he m
otion o
f th
e c
oil
betw
een t
he t
wo p
ole
s o
f m
agnet.
To incre
ase t
he g
enera
tion o
f th
e e
lectr
ic c
urr
ent.
Th
e M
eth
od
s t
o in
cre
as
e t
he
pro
du
ce
d a
mo
un
t o
f e
lec
tric
ity
fro
m t
he
dyn
am
o b
y:
• u
sin
g a
str
on
g m
ag
ne
t. •
incre
asin
g th
e n
um
be
r o
f co
il tu
rns.
• In
cre
asin
g th
e m
otio
n o
f m
ag
ne
t o
r co
il.
:U
ses o
f ele
ctr
om
ag
net
1-
In w
inch (
cra
ne)
to m
ove h
eavy
Iron b
locks.
2-
Ele
ctr
ic b
ell.
3-
Ele
ctr
ic M
ixer.
4-
Dis
c d
rive.
5-
Tele
vis
ion
U
ses o
f d
yn
am
o 1
- in
the b
ike w
e u
se s
mall
dyn
am
o t
o lig
hting t
he b
ulb
. 2
- In
ele
ctr
ic p
ow
er
sta
tions t
hey
use a
huge e
lectr
ic
genera
tors
for
lighte
nin
g c
itie
s.
me
tal p
ap
er
clip
s
insu
late
d
co
pp
er
wir
e
co
il
iro
n n
ail
Th
e D
yn
am
o
co
nsis
ts o
f co
il
an
d m
ag
net
Th
e e
lectr
om
ag
net
co
nsis
ts o
f ele
ctr
ic
cu
rren
t an
d c
oil
S N
movin
g
Ste
ps
: g
et b
utt
ery
,ir
on
na
il, m
eta
l p
ap
er
clip
s a
nd
co
pp
er
wir
e.
tu
rn th
e w
ire
aro
un
d th
e n
ail.
Mix
ture
s
ط ليخا
لم ا
Pu
re s
ub
sta
nce:
It is the s
ubsta
nce t
hat
is m
ade o
f only
one t
ype o
f id
entical
part
icle
s.
Both
sugar
and d
istilled w
ate
r are
consid
ere
d
: G
ive r
easo
n
pure
substa
nces.
Because e
ach o
f th
em
is c
om
posed o
f only
one t
ype o
f id
entical
pa
rtic
les.
( D
istille
d w
ate
r
رط
مق ال
اءلم
ا -
S
ugar
- B
akin
g s
oda )
Mix
ture
: It
is the s
ubsta
nce t
hat
consis
ts o
f m
ore
than o
ne t
ype o
f part
icle
s.
(
Co
ncre
te.
-
Milk -
Tom
ato
sa
uce
)
Bo
th m
ilk a
nd
co
ncre
te a
re c
on
sid
ere
d m
ixtu
res.
: G
ive
re
as
on
Be
ca
use
ea
ch
of th
em
is c
on
sis
ts o
f m
ore
th
an
on
e typ
e o
f p
art
icle
s.
Typ
es o
f M
ixtu
res
So
lid
So
lid
M
Liq
uid
Liq
uid
M
So
lid
Liq
uid
M
Ga
se
ou
s
Ga
se
ou
s
M
Ga
se
ou
s
Liq
uid
M
Each o
f so
lid-s
olid
, liq
uid
-liq
uid
and s
olid
-liq
uid
mix
ture
s is
div
ided in
to tw
o t
ypes:
Ho
mo
gen
eo
us m
ixtu
re:
A type o
f m
ixtu
res i
n w
hic
h,
we c
annot
dis
tinguis
h b
etw
een
its c
om
ponents
.
( M
ilk -
M
ixtu
re o
f salt a
nd w
ate
r )
Fo
rmati
on
of
mix
ture
s
Th
e p
rop
ert
ies o
f m
ixtu
re A
mix
ture
of sand a
nd iro
n f
ilings c
an b
e
: G
ive r
easo
n
separa
ted e
asily
. B
ecause t
he c
om
ponents
of
the m
ixtu
re d
o n
ot
react
togeth
er.
• E
ach c
om
ponent
in t
he m
ixtu
re k
eeps its
ow
n p
ropert
ies,
• T
he c
om
ponents
of
the m
ixtu
re c
an b
e m
ixed a
t any
ratio.
Mix
ture
ca
n b
e fo
rme
d b
y d
iffe
ren
t m
eth
od
s s
uch
as,
Sh
ak
ing
ج
ر,ال
Sti
rrin
g
ب قل
الت ,
Gri
nd
ing
ن
حط
ال
• S
olid
an
d liq
uid
ma
teri
als
ca
n b
e m
ixe
d b
y s
ha
kin
g a
nd
stirr
ing
• S
olid
ma
teri
als
ca
n b
e m
ixe
d b
y s
ha
kin
g a
nd
gri
nd
ing
.
• L
iqu
id m
ate
ria
ls c
an
be
mix
ed
by s
ha
kin
g a
nd
stirr
ing
.
1-
ma
gn
etic a
ttra
ctio
n
t
o s
ep
ara
te a
ma
gn
etic m
ate
ria
l fr
om
a
so
lid
mix
ture
.
2-
filtra
tio
n p
roce
ss
to s
ep
ara
te s
olid
ma
teri
als
th
at
are
in
so
lub
le in
wa
ter.
3
- e
va
po
ratio
n p
roce
ss
to
se
pa
rate
so
lid
ma
teri
als
th
at a
re s
olu
ble
in w
ate
r su
ch
as s
alt.
4-
Se
pa
ratin
g fu
nn
el
to
se
pa
rate
he
tero
ge
ne
ou
s li
qu
id
mix
ture
s s
uch
as w
ate
r a
nd
oil m
ixtu
re.
Filt
ration p
rocess is u
sed t
o s
epara
te s
and
: G
ive r
easo
n
from
sugary
solu
tion.
Because f
iltra
tion p
rocess is u
sed t
o s
e3para
te t
he s
olid
mate
rials
(as s
and)
that
are
insolu
ble
in w
ate
r.
• T
he c
om
ponents
of
the m
ixtu
re d
o n
ot
join
(
react)
togeth
er
and c
an b
e separa
ted e
asily
.
Funnel
Filte
r paper
Filtr
ate
evap
ora
tio
n
Iro
n f
ilin
gs +
san
d
Iro
n
mag
net
mag
neti
c a
ttra
cti
on
fi
ltra
tio
n
Sep
ara
tio
n o
f m
ixtu
res
Sep
ara
tin
g fu
nn
el
He
tero
gen
eo
us
mix
ture
: A
type o
f m
ixtu
res i
n w
hic
h,
we c
an d
istinguis
h b
etw
een its
com
ponents
. (
Mix
ture
of sand a
nd iro
n fillings )
تمن
س أ
so
luti
on
so
lute
so
lven
t
so
luti
on
S
olu
bil
ity p
roc
ess
بةذالإ اية
ملع
+
بذي
لما
ب
ذالم
ا
ولحل
لما
It is the s
ubsta
nce
whic
h d
issolv
es in
the s
olv
ent
It is the s
ubsta
nce
whic
h t
he s
olu
te
dis
solv
es in.
It is the p
rocess w
hic
h
the s
olu
te d
issolv
es in the s
olv
ent, a
nd
the s
olu
te d
isappear
and f
orm
solu
tion.
It is a
hom
oge
no
us m
ixtu
re ,
the s
olu
te b
reakdow
n i
nto
basic
part
icle
s
and
sp
read in it.
T
he h
om
ogeno
us m
ixtu
re is a
so
luti
on
has a
so
lub
le.
T
he h
ete
rogeneo
us
mix
ture
is a
su
sp
en
sio
n h
as a
n i
nso
lub
le.
Giv
e r
eas
on
: s
alty
solu
tion is a
hom
ogeneous m
ixtu
re
Because its
com
ponents
bre
ak
dow
n a
nd c
an’t b
e d
istinguis
hed.
Giv
e r
easo
n :
apple
juic
e is a
solu
tion.
Because a
pple
part
icle
s
bre
akdow
n a
nd d
isappear
in the
wate
r.
Giv
e r
easo
n :
sugar
is
consid
ere
d t
he s
olu
te in the
sugary
solu
tion
Because it dis
solv
es in the
solv
ent
(wate
r) t
o f
orm
solu
tion.
Fa
cto
rs a
ffecti
ng
so
lub
ilit
y p
roc
ess
T
he q
uan
tity
of
so
lven
t an
d s
olu
te.
• B
y in
cre
asin
g t
he s
olv
ent
, th
e s
olu
bili
ty
incre
ases a
nd v
ise v
ers
a.
• B
y in
cre
asin
g t
he s
olu
te,
the s
olu
bili
ty
decre
ases a
nd v
ise v
ers
a.
T
he t
em
pera
ture
.
By
incre
asin
g t
he t
em
pera
ture
, the s
olu
bili
ty
incre
ases a
nd v
ise v
ers
a.
T
he s
tirr
ing
.
By
incre
asin
g t
he s
tirr
ing ,
the s
olu
bili
ty
incre
ases a
nd v
ise v
ers
a.
Th
e k
ind
of
so
lute
.
The s
peed o
f th
e s
olu
bili
ty p
rocess d
epends o
n
the k
ind o
f solu
te.
Food relationships among living organisms
Predation in animals.
(a lion prey a deer - a wolf preys a rabbit - a cat preys a rat.)
insectivorous plant. آكلات الحشرات
Give reason : Drosera is an insectivorous plant.
Because it preys تفترس some insects to get the required
elements العناصر المطلوبة for making protein.
A chameleon simulates : Give reason
the color of the surrounding
.environment
To protect itself (hide) from the enemies.
Some bees : Give reason
look like wasps in forming
.stripes on their bodies
1 Predation: الأفتراس
It is a food relationship among living organisms, where one living organism devours
another one.
2 Commensalisms: التعاش
It is a common food relationship between two different living organisms, one of them
benefits from the other and does not harm it, but the other may or may not benefit
from the first.
.هى علاقة بن كائنن مختلفن ستفد إحداهما من الآخر ولا ضره ، والآخر قد ستفد أو لا ستفد
Mutualism: تبادل المنفعة
both of them get It is a food relationship in which,
from the other and is not harmed. benefit
The relation between a bee : Give reason
and flowers of plants is a mutual
relationship.
Because the bee feeds on the nectar of
flowers, and it transfer the pollen grains
from a flower to anther to help plant to
multiply.
هى علاقة بن الكائنات الحة الت فترس أحدهما الآخر
• The relationship between nodular bacteria البكترا
The .النباتات البقولة and leguminous plants العقدة
bacteria give the nitrogen to the plant and takes the
sugar from it.
• The relationship between insects and flowers of
plants.
• The relationship between hippopotamus and some
birds.
Camouflage: التخفوالتموه
the living organism changes its color to
simulate the color of its surrounding
environment.
( fish, frogs, birds, chameleon الحرباء and
most insects as butterflies.)
الاثنان يستفيدان
Symbiosis: التكافل
It is a food relationship between two living
organisms where, one of them benefits from the
other, while the other neither gets benefits nor is
harmed. لا ستفد ولا ضرواحد ستفد والآخر
• A bird picks up food remains بقاا الطعام
between the teeth of crocodile.
• Tiny aquatic living organisms get food and
shelter ملجأ from the canals and fissures
found inside the sponge. The sponge شقوق
neither gets benefit nor is harmed from the
existence of these living organisms.
Mimicry: المحاكاة
The harmless living organisms imitate other
harmful or poisonous living organisms to
fear their enemies and escape from them.
How living organisms defend تحمى themselves
To fear their enemies which get afraid
from wasps and escape from them.
They Cannot absorb some compounds from the soil to
make protein.
So , they prey insects to make protein. ( Drosera – Halphila)
Predator :
it is the living organism
which devours the other.
Prey :
it is the living organism
which is devoured.
Give reason : Bread mold fungus فطر عفن الخبز is
saprophytic organism.
Because it gets its food by decomposing food
remains (moist bread).
3
It is a food relationship in which saprophytes (decomposers) get their
food by decomposing food remains or bodies of dead organisms.
Saprophytism: الترمم
Parasitism: التطفل
The death of the host is : Give reason
considered a loss to the parasite.
Because the parasite will lose its source of
food and shelter ملجأ.
External parasitism:
4 It is a food relationship between two different living organisms, one benefits from
the other, while the other is harmed.
The parasite lives externally on the host's body and feeds by sucking متص the blood
of the host. The parasite conveys نقل diseases to the host.
سمكة الامبري عدمة الفكوك تمتص دم السمكة
Jawless lamprey sucks
fish's blood. Lice sucks man’s blood.
القمل تطفل على جلد رأس الإنسان ومتص دمه
Mosquitoes conveys نقل
diseases to the man such as
• Flaria worm that causes
elephantiasis disease.
• Malaria diseases
Internal parasitism:
The parasite lives internally inside the host's body and shares the host its digested
food or feeds on its tissues and cells. عش الطفل فى جسم العائل وشاركه الغذاء أو تغذى على أنسجة وخلاا جسمه
Ascaris worms cause anaemia.
Flaria worm causes
elephantiasis
disease
Bilharzia worms cause
bilharziasis disease
Fleas can convey small pox disease to man.
( Liver worms – Tape worms – Ascaris worms – Flaria worms – Bilharzia worms. )
• the parasite الطفيل : it is a living
organism which benefits from the host.
• the host العائل : it is a living organism
which harmed from the parasite.
It is a
ny n
atu
ral a
rea
tha
t co
nta
ins
livin
g o
rga
nis
ms (
as p
lants
and
anim
als
) a
nd
no
n-l
ivin
g t
hin
gs (
as w
ate
r, s
oil, a
ir a
nd
air
gase
s).
It is t
he b
ala
nce
betw
een t
he
com
ponents
of
the e
cosys
tem
.
livin
g t
hin
gs
-N
on
an
d
L
ivin
g o
rga
nis
ms
An
y e
co
syste
m c
on
sis
ts o
f tw
o c
om
po
ne
nts
wh
ich
are
pla
nt
an
d t
he
so
il
The p
lant
depends o
n t
he s
oil to a
bsorb
wate
r th
at
is
necessary
to m
ake its
ow
n f
ood b
y p
hoto
synth
esis
pro
cess.
pla
nts
an
d a
nim
als
:
Anim
als
feed o
n p
lants
to
get fo
od a
nd e
nerg
y.
Th
e r
ela
tio
ns
hip
be
tween
dif
fere
nt
an
imals
:
Som
e a
nim
als
fee
d o
n o
ther
anim
als
to g
et fo
od a
nd e
nerg
y.
En
vir
on
men
tal
bala
nce:
ي
يئلب اناز
توال
1.
Th
e c
han
gin
g in
th
e n
atu
ral
co
nd
itio
ns e
co
syste
mي
يئلب اام
ظلن لية
يعطب
الف
روظالى
فير
تغال
ca
use
s a
dis
turb
ance
tha
t le
ads t
o D
isa
pp
eara
nce
of
so
me
org
anis
ms a
nd
App
eara
nce
of
oth
er
org
anis
ms.
This
dis
turb
ance m
ay take a
short
or
a long p
eri
od o
f tim
e u
ntil a n
ew
bala
nce o
ccurs
in this
envir
onm
ent.
2-
Man
in
terf
ere
nce
:
نسا
لإن اخل
تد
Som
e h
um
an a
ctivitie
s s
uch a
s c
uttin
g d
ow
n t
rees,
burn
ing f
ore
sts
, polluting e
nvir
onm
ent,
and e
rodin
g t
he s
oil lead to d
istu
rb t
he e
nvir
onm
enta
l bala
nce.
Q-
Giv
e r
eas
on
: P
red
ati
on
re
lati
on
sh
ip p
lays
an
imp
ort
an
t ro
le in
keep
ing
th
e b
ala
nce o
f th
e
eco
syste
m.
Because p
redation o
rganiz
es t
he n
um
ber
of
pre
ys
popula
tions.
Q -
Wh
at
hap
pen
s i
f R
ab
bit
s a
re in
tro
du
ced
in
to a
n
isla
nd
th
at
has a
su
itab
le e
nvir
on
men
t w
ith
mu
ch
foo
d a
nd
no
natu
ral
en
em
ies?
The e
nvir
onm
enta
l bala
nce w
ill b
e d
istu
rbed a
s
نلأ t
he
num
ber
of
rabb
its incre
ase
s a
nd
the
fo
od
re
sourc
es
becom
e n
ot
enough f
or
them
. C
om
petition a
ppears
am
ong r
abbits p
opula
tions s
o,
they w
ill d
ie.
Eco
sys
tem
ي
يئلب اام
ظلن ا
In m
ed
ica
l to
ma
ke
an
tib
iotic.
Use
s in
so
me
ch
ee
se
an
d y
og
urt
.
T
he s
ap
rop
hyti
c o
rgan
ism
s (
deco
mp
osers
) p
lay a
n im
po
rtan
t
role
in
keep
ing
th
e b
ala
nce o
f eco
syste
m b
y:
1.G
ettin
g r
idص
خلالت
of bo
die
s o
f dead o
rga
nis
ms b
y d
ecom
posin
g t
hem
.
2. R
ecycling the c
hem
ical ele
ments
found i
n the b
odie
s o
f dead
org
anis
ms (
as c
arb
on,
nitro
gen a
nd p
hosphoru
s)
to the e
nvir
onm
ent
to
make o
ther
livin
g o
rganis
m b
enefit
from
them
. Q
- W
hat
hap
pen
if
sap
rop
hyte
s (
as b
acte
ria)
dis
ap
pear
fro
m t
he
pla
net
eart
h ?
The e
nvir
onm
enta
l bala
nce w
ill b
e d
istu
rbed b
ecause
the b
odie
s o
f
dead o
rganis
ms w
ill b
e r
em
ain
ed a
nd t
he e
lem
ent
in their
bodie
s(
carb
on a
nd N
itro
gen(
can’t r
ecycle
. Q
. H
ow
do
es m
an
ben
efi
ted
fro
m s
ap
rop
hyti
c o
rgan
ism
s i
n t
he
ind
ustr
y?
Facto
rs k
eep
th
e e
nvir
on
men
tal
bala
nce:
ي
يئلب اناز
تو ال
ىعل
ظ افح ت
ملوا
ع
pre
dation
and sap
rophyt
ism
pla
y a
n im
por
tant
role
to
kee
p th
e en
viro
nm
enta
l bala
nce
.
Facto
rs h
arm
(d
istu
rb)
the
en
vir
on
men
tal
bala
nc
e:
ي
يئلب اناز
توال بخل
تمل
واع