Download pdf - 03-Cac He Thong Ung Dung

11/09/2013

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TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NIVIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG

TIN HC I CNGBi 3. Cc h thng ng dng

Ni dung

3.1. Cc h thng thng tin qun l

3.2. H son tho vn bn

3.3. H trnh din vn bn

3.4. H thng tin bng tnh

3.5. H qun tr c s d liu

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Ni dung






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3.1.1 Khi nim

3.1.2 Phn loi cc h thng thng tin qun l

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3.1.1 Khi nim

H thng thng tin qun l (HTTTQL) l:

Khi nim 1: l mt lnh vc khoa hc qun l nhm nghin cu vic pht trin, ng dng, duy tr cc H thng thng tin vi tnh trong cc lnh vc kinh doanh v qun l khc. L s kt hp gia nghin cu cng ngh v nghin cu qun l.

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3.1.1 Khi nim

Khi nim 2: l mt loi h thng thng tin trong phn loi tng th:

Do cc nh qun l bc trung s dng

Nhm h tr vic gim st, lp k hoch trong ton doanh nghip

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Cc chc nng ca HTTT qun l

Nhp d liu

X l thng tin

Xut d liu

Lu tr thng tin

Thng tin phn hi

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3.1.2 Phn loi

a/ Phn loi theo cp bc qun l

b/ Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v

c/Phn loi theo quy m tch hp

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3.1.2 Phn loi




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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l

4 cp bc t thp n cao:

Cp tc nghip

Cp chuyn gia v vn phng

Cp chin thut

Cp chin lc

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H thng x l giao dch (TPS):

Khi nim: l mt h thng thng tin gip thi hnh v lu li cc giao dch thng ngy cn thit cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh.

V d: nhp n t hng, t phng khch sn, bng lng, lu h s nhn vin v vn chuyn vt t. Trong :

o Thu thp: cc giao dch, s kin

o X l: cp nht, sp xp, tng hp

o Phn phi: cc bo co chi tit, danh sch, tm tt

o Ngi dng: nhn vin tc nghip, qun c, trng nhm

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H thng thng tin vn phng (OAS):

Khi nim: l h thng h tr cc nhn vin vn phng trong cc chc nng phi hp v lin lc trong vn phng.

Trong :

o Thu thp: vn bn, ti liu, lch trnh

oX l: qun l vn bn, lp lch trnh, thng tin lin lc

o Phn phi: vn bn, lch biu, th in t

oNgi dng: nhn vin vn th, tt c nhn vin

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H thng chuyn mn (KWS)

Khi nim: l h thng h tr lao ng c trnh cao trong cng vic chuyn mn hng ngy cu h.

Trong :

oThu thp: cc tng thit k, thng s k thut

oX l: xy dng m hnh chuyn mn

oPhn phi: bn thit k, ho, k hoch

oNgi dng: chuyn gia, k thut vin

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H thng tr gip ra quyt nh (DSS):

Khi nim: h tr cc nh qun l ra cc quyt nh c th, nhanh thay i v khng c quy trnh nh trc.

Trong :

oThu thp: d liu khi lng nh

oX l: tng tc

oPhn phi: cc bo co phn tch, tr gip quyt nh

oNgi dng: Nh qun l bc trung, chuyn gia

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H thng thng tin qun l (MIS):

Khi nim: l h thng phc v cc chc nng lp k hoch, gim st v ra quyt nh cp qun l.

Trong :

oThu thp: d liu khi lng ln, t H thng x l giao dch

oX l: cc quy trnh n gin

oPhn phi: cc bo co tng hp, tm tt

oNgi dng: nh qun l bc trung

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H thng tr gip lnh o (ESS):

Khi nim: l mi trng khai thc thng tin tng th t trong v ngoi doanh nghip phc v vic ra cc quyt nh i s nh gi, suy xt v khng c quy trnh thng nht.

Trong :

oThu thp: d liu tng hp

oX l: tng tc

o Phn phi: cc d bo, phn tch, bo co tng hp

oNgi dng: lnh o cao cp

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3.1.2 Phn loi




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Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v

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H thng qun l marketing:

L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng marketing.

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H thng qun l sn xut:

L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng sn xut.

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H thng qun l ti chnh k ton

L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng ti chnh, k ton.

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H thng qun l nhn s:

L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng t chc, nhn s.

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3.1.2 Phn loi




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Phn loi theo quy m tch hp

L nhng h thng lin kt xuyn sut nhiu b phn chc nng, cp bc t chc v n v kinh doanh.

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H thng qun l ngun lc (ERP):

L h thng tch hp v phi hp hu ht cc quy trnh tc nghip ch yu cu doanh nghip.

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H thng qun l chui cung ng (SCM)

L h thng tch hp gip qun l v lin kt cc b phn sn xut, khch hng v nh cung cp.

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H thng qun l quan h khch hng (CRM)

L h thng tch hp gip qun l v lin kt ton din cc quan h vi khch hng qua nhiu knh v b phn chc nng khc nhau.

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H thng qun l tri thc (KM):

L h thng tch hp gip thu thp, h thng ho, ph bin, pht trin tri thc trong v ngoi doanh nghip.

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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh

My tnh: H tr vic tnh ton, nht l k ton v phn tch thng k.

Phn mm thng dng: Phm mm bng tnh (PMBT) spreadsheet software

PMBT: gip tnh ton cc s liu, t cho php xy dng v lm vic vi nhng tnh hung m phng th gii thc.

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Bng tnh - phn mm ca d ton

To thay i ln trong hot ng kinh doanh

Gip thao tc vi con s, phng thc kh lm bng tay

Rt ngn khong cch thi gian thc hin

Gip khm ph mi lin h gia cc con s => c s d on tng lai

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Bng tnh: nhng li linh ng

Dng li gm: Cc hng nh s t 1 v Cc ct nh s t ch A.

l giao ca 1 hng v 1 ct. V d A1 l giao ca hng 1 v ct A.

Mi c th cha d liu dng s, chui k t hoc cng thc hin th lin h gia cc con s.

Gi tr s l vt liu th tnh ton

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V d v thao tc tnh ton:

Tnh im trung bnh mn hc: Ton v L

Ti B2 in im Ton (gi s 9)

Ti B3 in im L (gi s 8)

Kt qu trung bnh nu mun hin th ti B5: ti B5 in cng thc =(B2+B3)/2.

Ch : S khng thy cng thc B5 m ch thy kt qu cui cng. Gi tr ti B2 v B3 thay i th lp tc gi tr B5 cng s c tnh ton li.

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Cc chc nng c bn ca PMBT:

T ng lp cc gi tr, tiu v cng thc: Gip n gin ha vic nhp cc d liu lp.

T ng tnh li: Khi c mt s thay i ti 1 th ton b bng tnh s c tnh ton li.

Cc hm th vin: thc hin cc cng vic tnh ton nh sn. Gip tit kim thi gian v gim nguy c pht sinh li.

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Cc chc nng c bn ca PMBT:

Macro: Gip thu li cc thao tc lp i lp li v nh ngha n l 1 macro. Khi cn thc hin cc thao tc th ch vic gi macro tng ng.

Bng tnh mu: Ch bao gm cc tiu v cng thc nhng khng cha d liu. Gip tit kim thi gian v cng sc.

Lin kt: Cho php to lin kt ng gia cc bng tnh.

C s d liu: Cho php thao tc: lu tr v truy cp thng tin, tm kim, bo co, 36

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Nhng c im ni bt khc:

Cng c gii phng trnh, nhng bi ton ti u.

Lotus h tr Multimedia, Excel s dng tr tu nhn to

V th: t cc con s chuyn thnh th biu t thng tin: th trn, th ng, th ct

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Kinh nghim s dng:

Hy hnh dung bng tnh trc khi bn a ra cc gi tr v cng thc vo

Kim tra nhiu ln mi cng thc v gi tr

Lm bng tnh tr nn d c.

Kim tra kt qu bng nhng cch khc

Xy dng cc hm kim tra cho

i gi tr u vo v quan st kt qu

Hy tn dng nhng hm c sn

PMBT h tr quyt nh ch khng thay quyt nh. 39

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3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu

3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu

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L mt h thng cc thng tin c cu trc

Lu tr trn cc thit b lu tr thng tin.

V d:

o Trang nin gim in thoi

o Danh sch sinh vin.

o H thng ti khon ngn hng.

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u im khi s dng CSDL:

vic lu tr mt lng thng tin khng l tr nn d dng.

Gip nhanh chng v mm do trong vic tra cu thng tin.

Gip d dng sp xp v t chc thng tin

Gip in v phn phi thng tin theo nhiu cch.

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Bn trong c s d liu:

Mt CSDL c hnh thnh t cc file cha mt tp thng tin c lin quan.

Mt file CSDL bao gm:

Nhiu bn ghi (record): 1 bn ghi l thng tin lin quan n 1 ngi, 1 sn phm hoc 1 s kin no .

Nhiu trng (field): Mi 1 on thng tin ring r trong 1 record l 1 trng.

V d: 1 record trong csdl th vin c cc field cho tc gi, ta sch, nh XB, a ch,

Mi trng c xc nh bng kiu c th: c cc kiu ngy, ch, s,.. 45


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H tr tm kim thng tin

Truy vn c s d liu (query):

L mt yu cu v thng tin.

1 query c th l mt yu cu tm kim n gin (vd tm1 sinh vin c m s ABC) hoc tha mn 1 tp iu kin no (vd tm cc sinh c im trung bnh di 5 v cn n trn 2 mn hc)

V d: xc nh tt c record ca nhng ngi nam gii trong tui t 18 n 35:

Select * from Population Where Sex = M and Age > 18 and Age < 35

Sp xp d liu

Bo co 47




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H qun tr c s d liu l phn mm

cung cp mt mi trng thun li v

hiu qu to lp, lu tr v tm kim

thng tin ca c s d liu.

H qun tr c s d liu cng vi c s

d liu c gi chung l h c s d

liu.

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Cc chc nng c bn ca h qun tr CSDL :

Cung cp cch to lp c s d liu.

o Ngi dng s dng ngn ng nh ngha d liu

khai bo kiu v cu trc ca d liu, khai bo cc

rng buc trn d liu c lu tr trong CSDL.

Cung cp cch cp nht d liu, tm kim v kt xut

thng tin.

o Ngi dng s dng ngn ng thao tc d liu din

t yu cu cp nht (nhp, sa, xa d liu) hay tm

kim, kt xut thng tin (xut d liu cha trong CSDL

theo nhng iu kin tm kim c th).

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Cc chc nng c bn ca h qun tr CSDL :

Cung cp cng c kim sot, iu khin vic truy

cp vo CSDL :

H qun tr CSDL m bo :

Pht hin v ngn chn truy cp tri php

Duy tr tnh nht qun ca d liu.

T chc, iu khin cc truy cp cng lc.

Khi phc CDSL khi gp s c.

Qun l cc m t d liu.

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V d: bi ton qun l sinh vin. Cc file dng cha thng tin lin quan n sinh vin:

Thng tin sinh vin

Thng tin ti chnh

Danh sch lp

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Thng tin sinh vin

M s sinh vin

Tn

a ch

Chuyn ngnh

Hc k 1

Trung bnh

S tn ch t

Hc k 2

Trung bnh

S tn ch t

Thng tin ti chnh

M s sinh vin

Tn

a ch

Chuyn ngnh

Hc ph

Ph k tc x

Hc bng

Danh sch lp

M mn hc

Phng hc

GV hng dn

Tng s sinh vin

Sinh vin 1

MSSV

H tn

Ngnh

Sinh vin 2

MSSV

H tn

Ngnh


Tnh quan h trong CSDL S rng buc gia cc file d liu.

Tnh nhiu mt Cch thc lm vic khc nhau vi cng 1 c s d

liu cho tng ngi dng khc nhau.

Xu th Client/Server Cho php tn dng c li im giao din n gin

ca cc my PC v sc mnh tnh ton ca cc my tnh c ln vi cc CSDL khng l.

CSDL ca ngy mai: Co s d liu hng i tng

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Tho lun

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