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11/09/2013
1
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NIVIN CNG NGH THNG TIN V TRUYN THNG
TIN HC I CNGBi 3. Cc h thng ng dng
Ni dung
3.1. Cc h thng thng tin qun l
3.2. H son tho vn bn
3.3. H trnh din vn bn
3.4. H thng tin bng tnh
3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
2
Ni dung
3.1. Cc h thng thng tin qun l
3.2. H son tho vn bn
3.3. H trnh din vn bn
3.4. H thng tin bng tnh
3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
3
3.1. Cc h thng thng tin qun l
3.1.1 Khi nim
3.1.2 Phn loi cc h thng thng tin qun l
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3.1.1 Khi nim
H thng thng tin qun l (HTTTQL) l:
Khi nim 1: l mt lnh vc khoa hc qun l nhm nghin cu vic pht trin, ng dng, duy tr cc H thng thng tin vi tnh trong cc lnh vc kinh doanh v qun l khc. L s kt hp gia nghin cu cng ngh v nghin cu qun l.
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3.1.1 Khi nim
Khi nim 2: l mt loi h thng thng tin trong phn loi tng th:
Do cc nh qun l bc trung s dng
Nhm h tr vic gim st, lp k hoch trong ton doanh nghip
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Cc chc nng ca HTTT qun l
Nhp d liu
X l thng tin
Xut d liu
Lu tr thng tin
Thng tin phn hi
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3.1.2 Phn loi
a/ Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
b/ Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
c/Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
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3.1.2 Phn loi
a/ Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
b/ Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
c/Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
4 cp bc t thp n cao:
Cp tc nghip
Cp chuyn gia v vn phng
Cp chin thut
Cp chin lc
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
H thng x l giao dch (TPS):
Khi nim: l mt h thng thng tin gip thi hnh v lu li cc giao dch thng ngy cn thit cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh.
V d: nhp n t hng, t phng khch sn, bng lng, lu h s nhn vin v vn chuyn vt t. Trong :
o Thu thp: cc giao dch, s kin
o X l: cp nht, sp xp, tng hp
o Phn phi: cc bo co chi tit, danh sch, tm tt
o Ngi dng: nhn vin tc nghip, qun c, trng nhm
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
H thng thng tin vn phng (OAS):
Khi nim: l h thng h tr cc nhn vin vn phng trong cc chc nng phi hp v lin lc trong vn phng.
Trong :
o Thu thp: vn bn, ti liu, lch trnh
oX l: qun l vn bn, lp lch trnh, thng tin lin lc
o Phn phi: vn bn, lch biu, th in t
oNgi dng: nhn vin vn th, tt c nhn vin
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
H thng chuyn mn (KWS)
Khi nim: l h thng h tr lao ng c trnh cao trong cng vic chuyn mn hng ngy cu h.
Trong :
oThu thp: cc tng thit k, thng s k thut
oX l: xy dng m hnh chuyn mn
oPhn phi: bn thit k, ho, k hoch
oNgi dng: chuyn gia, k thut vin
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
H thng tr gip ra quyt nh (DSS):
Khi nim: h tr cc nh qun l ra cc quyt nh c th, nhanh thay i v khng c quy trnh nh trc.
Trong :
oThu thp: d liu khi lng nh
oX l: tng tc
oPhn phi: cc bo co phn tch, tr gip quyt nh
oNgi dng: Nh qun l bc trung, chuyn gia
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
H thng thng tin qun l (MIS):
Khi nim: l h thng phc v cc chc nng lp k hoch, gim st v ra quyt nh cp qun l.
Trong :
oThu thp: d liu khi lng ln, t H thng x l giao dch
oX l: cc quy trnh n gin
oPhn phi: cc bo co tng hp, tm tt
oNgi dng: nh qun l bc trung
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Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
H thng tr gip lnh o (ESS):
Khi nim: l mi trng khai thc thng tin tng th t trong v ngoi doanh nghip phc v vic ra cc quyt nh i s nh gi, suy xt v khng c quy trnh thng nht.
Trong :
oThu thp: d liu tng hp
oX l: tng tc
o Phn phi: cc d bo, phn tch, bo co tng hp
oNgi dng: lnh o cao cp
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3.1.2 Phn loi
a/ Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
b/ Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
c/Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
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Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
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Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
H thng qun l marketing:
L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng marketing.
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Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
H thng qun l sn xut:
L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng sn xut.
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Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
H thng qun l ti chnh k ton
L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng ti chnh, k ton.
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Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
H thng qun l nhn s:
L h thng tr gip cc hot ng cu chc nng t chc, nhn s.
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3.1.2 Phn loi
a/ Phn loi theo cp bc qun l
b/ Phn loi theo chc nng nghip v
c/Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
23
Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
L nhng h thng lin kt xuyn sut nhiu b phn chc nng, cp bc t chc v n v kinh doanh.
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Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
H thng qun l ngun lc (ERP):
L h thng tch hp v phi hp hu ht cc quy trnh tc nghip ch yu cu doanh nghip.
25
Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
H thng qun l chui cung ng (SCM)
L h thng tch hp gip qun l v lin kt cc b phn sn xut, khch hng v nh cung cp.
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Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
H thng qun l quan h khch hng (CRM)
L h thng tch hp gip qun l v lin kt ton din cc quan h vi khch hng qua nhiu knh v b phn chc nng khc nhau.
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Phn loi theo quy m tch hp
H thng qun l tri thc (KM):
L h thng tch hp gip thu thp, h thng ho, ph bin, pht trin tri thc trong v ngoi doanh nghip.
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Ni dung
3.1. Cc h thng thng tin qun l
3.2. H son tho vn bn
3.3. H trnh din vn bn
3.4. H thng tin bng tnh
3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
29
3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
My tnh: H tr vic tnh ton, nht l k ton v phn tch thng k.
Phn mm thng dng: Phm mm bng tnh (PMBT) spreadsheet software
PMBT: gip tnh ton cc s liu, t cho php xy dng v lm vic vi nhng tnh hung m phng th gii thc.
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
Bng tnh - phn mm ca d ton
To thay i ln trong hot ng kinh doanh
Gip thao tc vi con s, phng thc kh lm bng tay
Rt ngn khong cch thi gian thc hin
Gip khm ph mi lin h gia cc con s => c s d on tng lai
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
Bng tnh: nhng li linh ng
Dng li gm: Cc hng nh s t 1 v Cc ct nh s t ch A.
l giao ca 1 hng v 1 ct. V d A1 l giao ca hng 1 v ct A.
Mi c th cha d liu dng s, chui k t hoc cng thc hin th lin h gia cc con s.
Gi tr s l vt liu th tnh ton
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
V d v thao tc tnh ton:
Tnh im trung bnh mn hc: Ton v L
Ti B2 in im Ton (gi s 9)
Ti B3 in im L (gi s 8)
Kt qu trung bnh nu mun hin th ti B5: ti B5 in cng thc =(B2+B3)/2.
Ch : S khng thy cng thc B5 m ch thy kt qu cui cng. Gi tr ti B2 v B3 thay i th lp tc gi tr B5 cng s c tnh ton li.
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
Cc chc nng c bn ca PMBT:
T ng lp cc gi tr, tiu v cng thc: Gip n gin ha vic nhp cc d liu lp.
T ng tnh li: Khi c mt s thay i ti 1 th ton b bng tnh s c tnh ton li.
Cc hm th vin: thc hin cc cng vic tnh ton nh sn. Gip tit kim thi gian v gim nguy c pht sinh li.
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
Cc chc nng c bn ca PMBT:
Macro: Gip thu li cc thao tc lp i lp li v nh ngha n l 1 macro. Khi cn thc hin cc thao tc th ch vic gi macro tng ng.
Bng tnh mu: Ch bao gm cc tiu v cng thc nhng khng cha d liu. Gip tit kim thi gian v cng sc.
Lin kt: Cho php to lin kt ng gia cc bng tnh.
C s d liu: Cho php thao tc: lu tr v truy cp thng tin, tm kim, bo co, 36
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
Nhng c im ni bt khc:
Cng c gii phng trnh, nhng bi ton ti u.
Lotus h tr Multimedia, Excel s dng tr tu nhn to
V th: t cc con s chuyn thnh th biu t thng tin: th trn, th ng, th ct
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3.4 H thng tin bng tnh
Kinh nghim s dng:
Hy hnh dung bng tnh trc khi bn a ra cc gi tr v cng thc vo
Kim tra nhiu ln mi cng thc v gi tr
Lm bng tnh tr nn d c.
Kim tra kt qu bng nhng cch khc
Xy dng cc hm kim tra cho
i gi tr u vo v quan st kt qu
Hy tn dng nhng hm c sn
PMBT h tr quyt nh ch khng thay quyt nh. 39
Ni dung
3.1. Cc h thng thng tin qun l
3.2. H son tho vn bn
3.3. H trnh din vn bn
3.4. H thng tin bng tnh
3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
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3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
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3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
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3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
L mt h thng cc thng tin c cu trc
Lu tr trn cc thit b lu tr thng tin.
V d:
o Trang nin gim in thoi
o Danh sch sinh vin.
o H thng ti khon ngn hng.
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3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
u im khi s dng CSDL:
vic lu tr mt lng thng tin khng l tr nn d dng.
Gip nhanh chng v mm do trong vic tra cu thng tin.
Gip d dng sp xp v t chc thng tin
Gip in v phn phi thng tin theo nhiu cch.
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3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
Bn trong c s d liu:
Mt CSDL c hnh thnh t cc file cha mt tp thng tin c lin quan.
Mt file CSDL bao gm:
Nhiu bn ghi (record): 1 bn ghi l thng tin lin quan n 1 ngi, 1 sn phm hoc 1 s kin no .
Nhiu trng (field): Mi 1 on thng tin ring r trong 1 record l 1 trng.
V d: 1 record trong csdl th vin c cc field cho tc gi, ta sch, nh XB, a ch,
Mi trng c xc nh bng kiu c th: c cc kiu ngy, ch, s,.. 45
3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
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H tr tm kim thng tin
Truy vn c s d liu (query):
L mt yu cu v thng tin.
1 query c th l mt yu cu tm kim n gin (vd tm1 sinh vin c m s ABC) hoc tha mn 1 tp iu kin no (vd tm cc sinh c im trung bnh di 5 v cn n trn 2 mn hc)
V d: xc nh tt c record ca nhng ngi nam gii trong tui t 18 n 35:
Select * from Population Where Sex = M and Age > 18 and Age < 35
Sp xp d liu
Bo co 47
3.5. H qun tr c s d liu
3.5.1 Khi nim c s d liu
3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
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3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
H qun tr c s d liu l phn mm
cung cp mt mi trng thun li v
hiu qu to lp, lu tr v tm kim
thng tin ca c s d liu.
H qun tr c s d liu cng vi c s
d liu c gi chung l h c s d
liu.
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3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
Cc chc nng c bn ca h qun tr CSDL :
Cung cp cch to lp c s d liu.
o Ngi dng s dng ngn ng nh ngha d liu
khai bo kiu v cu trc ca d liu, khai bo cc
rng buc trn d liu c lu tr trong CSDL.
Cung cp cch cp nht d liu, tm kim v kt xut
thng tin.
o Ngi dng s dng ngn ng thao tc d liu din
t yu cu cp nht (nhp, sa, xa d liu) hay tm
kim, kt xut thng tin (xut d liu cha trong CSDL
theo nhng iu kin tm kim c th).
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3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
Cc chc nng c bn ca h qun tr CSDL :
Cung cp cng c kim sot, iu khin vic truy
cp vo CSDL :
H qun tr CSDL m bo :
Pht hin v ngn chn truy cp tri php
Duy tr tnh nht qun ca d liu.
T chc, iu khin cc truy cp cng lc.
Khi phc CDSL khi gp s c.
Qun l cc m t d liu.
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3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
V d: bi ton qun l sinh vin. Cc file dng cha thng tin lin quan n sinh vin:
Thng tin sinh vin
Thng tin ti chnh
Danh sch lp
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3.53.2 H qun tr c s d liu
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Thng tin sinh vin
M s sinh vin
Tn
a ch
Chuyn ngnh
Hc k 1
Trung bnh
S tn ch t
Hc k 2
Trung bnh
S tn ch t
Thng tin ti chnh
M s sinh vin
Tn
a ch
Chuyn ngnh
Hc ph
Ph k tc x
Hc bng
Danh sch lp
M mn hc
Phng hc
GV hng dn
Tng s sinh vin
Sinh vin 1
MSSV
H tn
Ngnh
Sinh vin 2
MSSV
H tn
Ngnh
3.5.2 H qun tr c s d liu
Tnh quan h trong CSDL S rng buc gia cc file d liu.
Tnh nhiu mt Cch thc lm vic khc nhau vi cng 1 c s d
liu cho tng ngi dng khc nhau.
Xu th Client/Server Cho php tn dng c li im giao din n gin
ca cc my PC v sc mnh tnh ton ca cc my tnh c ln vi cc CSDL khng l.
CSDL ca ngy mai: Co s d liu hng i tng
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Tho lun
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