Alat Perancangan Alat Perancangan DasarDasar
Agung W. SetiawanAgung W. Setiawan
Perancangan Sistem Perancangan Sistem BiomedisBiomedis
BrainstormingBrainstorming
5 – 15 orang5 – 15 orang Pemimpin diskusi menyampaikan Pemimpin diskusi menyampaikan
“masalah” dan mengulang aturan “masalah” dan mengulang aturan diskusidiskusi
Setiap orang menyampaikan Setiap orang menyampaikan ide/gagasanide/gagasan
Kesimpulan Kesimpulan Ide Ide Ide baru? Deadlock?Ide baru? Deadlock? Kelemahan: bergantung pada Kelemahan: bergantung pada
kesediaan untuk berbicarakesediaan untuk berbicara
““Grade”Grade” dalam dalam Perancangan? Perancangan? (Peta Konsep)(Peta Konsep)
• 6-3-5 Brainwriting (also known as the 6-3-5 Method, or Method 635) is a group creativity technique used in marketing, advertising,design, writing and product development
• Originally developed by Professor Bernd Rohrbach in 1968.• Based on the concept of Brainstorming, the aim of 6-3-5 Brainwriting
is to generate 108 new ideas in half an hour. • In a similar way to brainstorming, it is not the quality of ideas that
matters but the quantity.• The technique involves 6 participants who sit in a group and are
supervised by a moderator. • Each participant thinks up 3 ideas every 5 minutes. • The ideas are written down on a worksheet and passed on to the
next participant. • The participant reads the ideas and uses them as inspiration for
more ideas. • Participants are encouraged to draw on others' ideas for inspiration,
thus stimulating the creative process. • After 6 rounds in 30 minutes the group has thought up a total of 108
ideas.
6-3-5 Brainwriting
Sumber: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-3-5_Brainwriting
Each individual writes Each individual writes down three ideasdown three ideas
Tablets are exchanged, Tablets are exchanged, ideas are elaborated, ideas are elaborated,
or new ideas are generatedor new ideas are generated
Five exchanges Five exchanges take placetake placeMethod 635Six
individuals
isolaisolasisitidak sinergi tidak sinergi kelompokkelompok
Berguna Berguna dalam dalam pendekatan pendekatan sistematis sistematis dan banyak dan banyak ide yang ide yang munculmuncul
KekuranganKekurangan::
Model DelphiModel Delphi
Proses pemungutan
suara (polling)
Daftar Daftar masukan masukan diatur dan diatur dan dievaluasi dievaluasi lagilagi
Berguna di situasi Berguna di situasi dimana kondisi kedepan dimana kondisi kedepan menjadi perhatianmenjadi perhatian
Kelemahan: Kelemahan: bergantung pada bergantung pada kecepatan kecepatan tanggapantanggapan
Pendapat Pendapat dikelompokkadikelompokka
n dan n dan dikembalikan dikembalikan
ke paneliske panelis
Ahli Ahli menentukamenentukan titik awaln titik awal
The Delphi method/model is a structured communication technique, originally developed as a systematic, interactive
forecasting method which relies on a panel of experts
Synetics
Masalah Masalah dipresentasikan dipresentasikan ke kelompok ke kelompok kecilkecil
Analogi istilah Analogi istilah diperiksa dan diperiksa dan dihubungkan dihubungkan paksapaksa
Kelompok (tsb) Kelompok (tsb) sudah sudah menguasai menguasai permasalahanpermasalahan
Juga Juga menggunakan menggunakan variasivariasi
Berguna ketika masalah yabg diselesaikan Berguna ketika masalah yabg diselesaikan memiliki sebuah analogi dan kelompok memiliki sebuah analogi dan kelompok bersedia mengeksplorasi pemikiran2 bersedia mengeksplorasi pemikiran2
“baru”/aneh/tidak biasa“baru”/aneh/tidak biasa
Synectics is a problem solving methodology that stimulates thought processes of which the subject may be unaware. This method was developed by George M. Prince and William J.J. Gordon
Studi LiteraturStudi Literatur
Mesin pencari (Mesin pencari (www.google.com, , dll)dll)
www.amazon.com buku buku www.uspto.gov www.uspto.gov paten paten Majalah, Jurnal, dll Majalah, Jurnal, dll
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
Bagan Proses: Bagan Proses: SimbolSimbolOperasi
Inspeksi
Transportasi
Delay
Penyimpanan
http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoint_slide_shows_for_cours.htm
Process ChartProcess ChartS
tep
Op
erat
ion
Tra
nsp
ort
Insp
ect
Del
ayS
tora
ge
Dis
tan
ce(f
eet)
Tim
e(m
in)Description
ofprocess
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Unload apples from truck
Move to inspection station
Weigh, inspect, sort
Move to storage
Wait until needed
Move to peeler
Apples peeled and cored
Soak in water until needed
Place in conveyor
Move to mixing area
Weigh, inspect, sort
TotalPage 1 0f 3 480
30
5
20
15
360
30
20
190 ft
20 ft
20 ft
50 ft
100 ft
Date: 9-30-00
Analyst: TLR
Location: Graves Mountain
Process: Apple Sauce
http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoint_slide_shows_for_cours.htm
Date: OfficeAnalyst: Apply Band Aid
Ste
p
Op
era
tio
n
In
sp
ec
tio
n
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
Dela
y
Sto
rag
e
Description of Process
1Obtain Band Aid
2Open Band Aid
3Apply Band Aid
4Inspect Application, go to 5 if needed, else 7
5Remove if necessary
6Go to 2
7Remove trash
8Wait for next customer
August 8,2007 Location: King Process:
Apply Band Aid!!!!!!!!!!
http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoint_slide_shows_for_cours.htm
Diagram AlirDiagram Alir
Aktivitas
KeputusanYaYa
TidakTidak
Mulai atau
Selesai
D
Diagram AlirDiagram Alir
Membantu pemahaman proses Membantu pemahaman proses modifikasi atau meningkatkan modifikasi atau meningkatkan produk.produk.
Rentang diagram- dari diagram Rentang diagram- dari diagram proses sederhana sampai kompleks proses sederhana sampai kompleks (kombinasi sinyal, aliran informasi).(kombinasi sinyal, aliran informasi).
Dr. King at the doctorDr. King at the doctor
Flowcharting OverviewFlowcharting Overview
Clinic Flow ChartsClinic Flow Charts
Linear system-Each event must be complete prior to the next beginning
Patient Sign-in
Wait for room(5-10 minutes)
Weight & Medication Check
(1)
Waiting Room(2-20)
Blood Pressure Check
(2)
Wait for room(5-20)
Go to roomWait for MD
(5-20)See MD
(5)
Update Meds, Sign out
(2)
Flowcharts with Decision Flowcharts with Decision PointsPoints
Patient Sign-in Data Needed?Collect weight, BP,
Meds info(1)
MD needed?Waiting room, wait
for MD(5-20)
MD Interaction(5)
Sign out, reschedule
RN Needed?Waiting room, wait
for RN(5-10)
RN interaction(5)
Update Meds(2)
Yes
NoYes
No
Yes
Decisions: Selection Decisions: Selection ChartChart
Choice
Demand # Fountain
Pen
Pencil Chalk Marker
1. Writes on paper + + ? +
2. Won’t stain hands - + + -
3. Damp paper tolerant ? + ? ?
Summary no go go recheck no go
Selection Matrix: “Writes in a damp environment” (School)
Evaluation ChartEvaluation Chart
Commercial airline Ocean Liner
“wish” weight value product value Product
High speed 3 5 15 2 6
Convenience 5 4 20 5 25
Comfort 5 3 15 5 25
Low cost 2 2 4 3 6
Food & Drink 5 1 5 5 25
Total 59 87
Daddy Warbucks goes New York to Rome
Objective Tree: Objective Tree: Why go to Why go to college?college?
Quality Function Quality Function Deployment Diagrams Deployment Diagrams
(QFD)(QFD)