Zbornik Drage Roksandiæa · Preceeding the Triplex Confinium – The Battle of Krbava Field, September 9th, 1493 75 ... Bosna i Stjepan Tomaševiæ u svjetlu osmansko-islamske ekspanzije

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UredniciDamir AGIÈIÆHrvoje PETRIÆ

Filip ŠIMETIN ŠEGVIÆ

RecenzentiNikola ANUŠIÆ; Hannes GRANDITS; Martin PREVIŠIÆ;

Zvjezdana SIKIRIÆ ASSOULINE; Dénes SOKCSEVITS

Lektura i korekturaSamanta PARONIÆ

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Grafièko oblikovanje i raèunalni slogIvanka COKOL; Boris BUI

Slika na naslovniciKazimir MALJEVIÈ, Suprematistièka konstrukcija, 1915.

TisakTiskara Zelina d.d., Sveti Ivan Zelina

Naklada200 primjeraka

ISBN 978-953-175-707-2

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Tiskanje dovršeno u rujnu 2019.Tiskanje je financijski poduprlo Ministarstvo znanosti i obrazovanja Republike Hrvatske.

Zbornik Drage Roksandiæa

Zagreb 2019.

6$'5å$-Predgovor / Preface 11Tabula gratulatoria 15

PROLOG: DRAGO ROKSANDIÆ – KAKO GA VIDE DRUGI /PROLOGUE: DRAGO ROKSANDIÆ – AS SEEN BY OTHERSHrvoje PETRIÆ – Filip ŠIMETIN ŠEGVIÆProf. dr. sc. Drago Roksandiæ – povjesnièar i nastavnik 19Šime PILIÆSjeæanja na profesora Dragu Roksandiæa: od omladine do mirovine 29Gordana KRIVOKAPIÆ JOVIÆ'UDJR�5RNVDQGLþ��EHRJUDGVNL�GDQL�L�GUXçHQMD� ��Mira KOLAR-DIMITRIJEVIÆMoja prisjeæanja na profesora Dragu Roksandiæa od 1983. do 2003. godine 49Boris BUIDrago Roksandiæ i FF press: suradnja autora/urednika i nakladnika 67

I. TRIPLEX CONFINIUM, PROSTOR, GRANICE /THE TRIPLEX CONFINIUM, SPACE, BORDERSBorislav GRGINPreceeding the Triplex Confinium – The Battle of Krbava Field, September 9th, 1493 75Fazileta HAFIZOVIÆTriplex Confinium – osmanska strana u prvim godinama nakon razgranièenja 1700. godine: Muhimme Defterleri 89Alfred J. RIEBERReconstructing Border Societies on the Triplex Confinium in the 20th Century 97Robert NIEBUHRThe Cult of Foreign Policy: Ideological Battles as Contested Spaces in the Early Cold War 115Catherine HORELSlawonien-Syrmien. Ein Beitrag zur Regionsgeschichte Südosteuropas 127

II. VOJNOKRAJIŠKE STUDIJE / STUDIES OF THE MILITARY FRONTIERNeven KOVAÈEV – Sanja LAZANIN Princ Hildburghausen zu Sachsen i reforme Vojne krajine u Hrvatskoj sredinom 18. stoljeæa 149Dubravka %2æ,ý�%2*29,ýElementi vjerske kontrole u kanonskim vizitacijama za vojnokrajiško podruèje Peèuške biskupije u 18. stoljeæu 235Mislav RADOŠEVIÆÅ.XOWXUD´�L�Å3ULURGD´�X�VOXçEL�GUçDYH�²�SULND]�IHQRPHQD�VRFLMDOQRJ�GLVFLSOLQLUDQMD� QD�SULPMHUX�GUçDYQH�UHJXODFLMH�RGQRVD�GUXåWYD�L�RNROLåD�6ODYRQVNH�YRMQH�NUDMLQH� u drugoj polovini 18. i poèetkom 19. stoljeæa 247Vedran MUIÆ„Arhivska Vojna krajina“ – Terra incognita 259

III. HABSBURGIA Siegfried GRUBERHaushaltsstrukturen in den Grafschaften Lika und Krbava am Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts 275Boro BRONZAAustrijske diplomatske aktivnosti oko obnove trgovine sa Indijom 1774. – 1775. 283Nenad NINKOVIÆ – Goran VASINUticaj Beèa na zdravstvenu kulturu Srba u prvoj polovini 19. veka 297

Damir AGIÈIÆHrvatski korijeni povjesnièara Oskara Haleckoga 311Andras GERĔThe Habsburg Renewal: Otto von Habsburg 319Marijan BOBINACHabsburško nasljeðe u postkolonijalnoj perspektivi 331

IV. OTTOMANICARobert HOLJEVACBosna i Stjepan Tomaševiæ u svjetlu osmansko-islamske ekspanzije na Balkan 349Dubravka MLINARIÆ9DçQRVW�NUHWDQMD�OMXGL�L�LGHMD�X�SRPLFDQMX�VSR]QDMD�R�SURVWRUX��SULPMHU�RVPDQVNRJ� pomorca iz 16. stoljeæa 365Nenad MOAÈANINPutopis Evlije Èelebija kao historia phantastica 379Hrvoje PETRIÆO pravoslavnim trgovcima podrijetlom iz Osmanskog Carstva u Koprivnici RG�3RçDUHYDĀNRJ�PLUD�GR�NUDMD��VWROMHþD� ��Tea PERINÈIÆPomorske veze izmeðu Osmanskog Carstva i grada Rijeke u 19. stoljeæu 401

V. MEDITERRANEANikola 6$0$5'æ,ýShakespeare’s Merchant. Eventually Perceived from the 16th Century Jewish Experience in Dubrovnik and Venice 413Stefan HALIKOWSKI SMITHHistorical Reflections on Early Modern Italianita from Life on a Dalmatian Island 423Slaven BERTOŠAHolandijski vojnici na Brijunima (1617.) 435Daniel BARIÆ8VNRFL�L]PHāX�SRYLMHVQH�]ELOMH�L�NQMLçHYQRVWL��RG�NROHNWLYQRJ�MXQDND�GR�=RUH�ULāRNRVH�� MXQDFL�åLURNRJUXGQL�LOL�DQWLKHURML�OMXGRçGHUL"� ��Inoslav BEŠKERO povijesnoj posebnosti „Vlajâ“, zvanih i „Morlacchi“ 451Marco DOGOThe Slavonic Dimension of Trieste as an Imperial Port-City, 1751 – 1914 465Egidio IVETICIl Triplex Confinium e la storia dell’Adriatico 479Naida-Mihal BRANDL – Zrinka PODHRAŠKI ÈIZMEKA New Study Project: From the Croatian Maritime Regesta to the Codex Diplomaticus Maritimus Croatiae – New Sources for Adriatic and Mediterranean Studies in the 18th Century 487Samanta PARONIÆPercepcije Sredozemlja u odabranim mediteranistièkim studijama 497Filip ŠIMETIN ŠEGVIÆSredozemlje, Dubrovnik, Braudel 513

VI. GRAD, DRUŠTVO, POJEDINAC / THE CITY, SOCIETY, THE INDIVIDUAL Meri KUNÈIÆ2�PDWHULMDOQRM�L�UHOLJLR]QRM�DQJDçLUDQRVWL�VWDQRYQLND�VUHGQMRYMHNRYQLK� istoènojadranskih urbanih sredina 537

Branimir BRGLESOsobna imena graðana Gradeca u svjetlu vrela iz 17. stoljeæa 565Zlatko KUDELIÆIzvješæe zagrebaèkog biskupa Petra Petretiæa kardinalu Luigiju Capponiju o „biskupiji Vlaha utemeljenoj u Marèi“ iz 1651. godine 579Andrej HOZJAN6SR]QDQMD�R�REUWQR�SRNOLFQLK�VWUXNWXUDK�Y�PHVWX�0DULERU�LQ�Y�EOLçQML�RNROLFL� po sredini 18. stoletja (med 1754 – 1764) 589æHOMNR�HOLJEVACKontinuiteti i promjene u zagrebaèkom srednjem školstvu izmeðu 1910. i 1921. godine 607Nikolina ŠIMETIN ŠEGVIÆVremenitosti Zagreba Josipa Horvata 617Ivica ŠUTE„Zelena Štajerska i cvjetni Graz“ u Zagrebu. Prilog poznavanju hrvatsko-štajerskih veza 1960-ih godina 631

VII. KNJIGA, TEKST I INTELEKTUALNA HISTORIJA / THE BOOK, TEXT AND INTELLECTUAL HISTORYPeter BURKETowards an Archaeology of Libraries 645Ivan BASIÆPrilog kritici intertekstualnosti kronike Historia Salonitana i kolektaneja Historia Salonitana Maior 655Marko PETRAKCarl Schmitt i Baldo Bogišiæ 677Isao KOSHIMURAMeštroviæ i Društvo kipara „Kozosha“: kipari koji su dijelili isti san 687Sanja ROIÆFulvio Tomizza: pisac povijesnih romana 717Bojan ÐORÐEVIÆÅ3URYHULWL�RYRJD�ĀRYMHND´��VXEYHU]LYQL�NQMLçHYQL�WHNVWRYL�X�IRQGX�.RPLWHWD� za kulturu i umetnost FNRJ 725

VIII. NACIONALIZAM I IDEOLOGIJE / NATIONALISM AND IDEOLOGIESAlan SKEDNationalism: The Great Powers Factor 737Miroslav HROCH1DFLRQDOQR�SURWLY�JUDāDQVNRJD"� ��Aleksandar JAKIRUnitaristièko jugoslavenstvo kao nacionalna ideologija u redovima „jugoslavenske omladine“ u Kraljevini Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca 755Vlatka DUGAÈKI – Krešimir REGANSmjernice srpske ideologije u Banovini Hrvatskoj 771

IX. POLITIKA I DOGAÐAJI / POLITICS AND EVENTSMatko GLOBAÈNIKHrvatska socijaldemokracija u Banskoj Hrvatskoj tijekom 1915. godine 797 Dušan %,/$1'æ,ý – Tvrtko JAKOVINAHrvatska u socijalistièkoj Jugoslaviji 1945. – 1991. 803Dušan NEÈAKDrobci iz bilateralnih odnosov med ZRN in SFRJ (1970 – 1972) 827

Tomislav BRANÐOLICAAporije idejno-teorijskog rada: ideologija kao profesija u Savezu komunista Hrvatske 1970-ih i 1980-ih 847Filip ŠKILJANSrpska pravoslavna crkva na Baniji u vrijeme socijalistièke Jugoslavije (1945. – 1990.) 867Jakša 5$*8æNapad na Policijsku stanicu Glina 26. lipnja 1991. 879

X. INTERKULTURALIZAM / INTERCULTURALISMZvonko KOVAÈPremoreni poviješæu. Hrvatsko-srpski/srpsko-hrvatski interkulturalizam danas. Zbornik radova s meðunarodnog znanstvenog skupa Desnièini susreti 2016. 921Virna KARLIÆSerbian as a Minority Language in Croatia 935

XII. KOMPARATIVNA HISTORIJA / COMPARATIVE HISTORYBranimir JANKOVIÆKomparativna historija revolucija Arna J. Mayera 953Arnold SUPPANDie Tschechoslowakei und Jugoslawien in der Zwischenkriegszeit 963

XII. AKTERI POVIJESTI / ACTORS OF HISTORYIvana CVIJOVIÆ JAVORINAJosip Broz u Srbiji 1914. godine 979Stjepan MATKOVIÆPravo umjesto sile: elita i ideje Lige naroda u meðuratnoj Hrvatskoj 997%RçR�REPEWinston Churchill and the Slovenes 1009Mladen MEDVEDBetween Nation-State and the World-System: Rudolf Biæaniæ on the Transition to Capitalism in Croatia 1021

XIII. TEORIJE I METODE / THEORIES AND METHODSMirjana MATIJEVIÆ SOKOLPomoæne povijesne znanosti: juèer, danas, sutra 1041Zrinka %/$æ(9,ý1D�UXERYLPD�L�UDVNULçMLPD��PHWRGRORJLMH�LVWUDçLYDQMD�OLPLQDOQLK�SURVWRUD� ��Šime PILIÆäWR�MH�L�]DåWR�]DQHPDULOD�Å=DJUHEDĀND�VRFLRORåND�åNROD´"� (Tragom tvrdnje Andréa Blanca) 1059Marta FIOLIÆ – Marko LOVRIÆ0LUNR�'UDçHQ�*UPHN�L�åNROD�Annales 1073André BURGUIËRE Mémoire et Histoire 1081

XIV. PRILOZI / APPENDIXBibliografija Drage Roksandiæa 1095Kazalo imena 1155Slikovni prilozi 1211Popis slikovnih priloga 1226Popis autora 1229

Naida-Michal Brandl)LOR]RIVNL�IDNXOWHW�6YHXÿLOLäWD�X�=DJUHEX

=ULQND�3RGKUDäNL�þL]PHNZagreb

$�1(:�678'<�352-(&7��)520�7+(�&52$7,$1�MARITIME REGESTA�72�7+(�CODEX DIPLOMATICUS

MARITIMUS CROATIAE�²�1(:�6285&(6�)25�$'5,$7,&�$1'�0(',7(55$1($1�678',(6�,1�7+(��7+�&(1785<

!e article presents a pioneering project within Croatian historiography: the compilation of the Codex Dip-lomaticus Maritimus Croatiae planned in 20 volumes of about 100,000 documents/regesta already mapped and micro"lmed. So far only 3 volumes of the Croatian Maritime Regesta have been published (with about 16,000 regesta) and the 4th has already been edited with another 4,000 sources to be published. !e transcribed documents will also be digitized and merged with those previously transcribed, placing them all together on an online platform with a specially designed computer search program. !anks to this system, it will be possible to quickly search for any topic in the total of 20,000 digitized documents and 4 volumes of maritime history of the 18th century which this project o#ers to the academic community in Croatia and abroad for further processing and research – and uni"cation in future di#erent maritime international databases. !e innovative methodology and collaborations with Italian researchers are shown as well as the perspectives for funding the rest of the project for the transcribing of approx. 75,000 already mapped and micro"lmed documents.

Key words: Codex Diplomaticus Maritimus Croatiae, Croatian Maritime Regesta, Adriatic, Mediterranean, 18th century, Archival sources, Nikola Čolak, Database, Maritime history, Jewish history

1. Introduction1

This article introduces a new study project that emanates from the 16,000 documentary sources of the Croatian Maritime Regesta, 18th century by Nikola Èolak,2 published in

three volumes (Padova 1985 and 1993, Split 2017) and outlines the main lines for the

1 This article is a result of the Panel presented as “Project for a new research area: Maritime trade from the Eastern and Western Adriatic to the Mediterranean – Jews, merchants and travelers in the 18th century inter-religious trade” by Zrinka Podhraški Èizmek, Naida-Michal Brandl and Piergabriele Mancuso, on The XIth Congress of the European Association for Jewish Studies 2018, in Krakow, Poland in July 2018.

2 About the life and work of Nikola Èolak see: Zrinka Podhraški Èizmek, “The analysis of communist ‘treatment’ of ideological non-sympathizers in the example of two Croatian Catholic intellectuals: Nikola Èolak and Mirko Vidoviæ” [“Analiza komunistièkog ‘tretmana’ ideoloških neistomišljenika na primjeru GYDMX�KUYDWVNLK�NDWROLĀNLK�LQWHOHNWXDODFD��1LNROH�ÿRODND�L�0LUND�9LGRYLþDµ@��Crkva u svijetu, 52/2, 2017, 266-303; see also: Lovorka Èoraliæ, “In memoriam. Nikola Èolak (1914.-1996.)”, Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest��-RVLS�9UDQGHĀLþ�� 3RVWID]LRQHµ�>´3RJRYRUµ@��LQ��1LNROD�ÿRODN��Regesti Mar-ittimi Croati, Settecento, Navigazione nell’Adriatico, Fonti [Croatian Maritime Regesta of the 18th century, Navigation in the Adriatic. Sources@��,,,��HG��=ULQND�3RGKUDåNL�ÿL]PHN��6SOLW��

488 Zbornik Drage Roksandiæa

transcription and publication of a further 75,000 maritime archival documents already identified and marked, from which we can infer a new perspective on the history of various nationes and religions during the 18th century, to map the most varied routes and links starting from the Adriatic and across the Mediterranean.3

An important analysis tool is the methodology used and created ad hoc not only as an initial approach to the first 16,000 published documents, but in anticipation of the whole project that will include 100,000 archival sources. It was devised in collaboration with Piergabriele Mancuso from The Medici Archive Project in Florence and Maria Lucia De Nicolo from the Maritime Museum in Pesaro.

At the project’s core is the collaboration between three researchers (Brandl, Podhraški Èizmek and Mancuso) in the mapping of a new historical reality that concerns different peoples and their stories and histories as active components of Adriatic and Mediterranean, which denoted an incredible entrepreneurial vivacity based on family and commercial ties.

The project dissemination is divided in three different sections: connections and collaborations between different universities and institutes on both coasts of the Adriatic (primarily for the transcription of the documents), then between small entities scattered throughout this geographical area (i. e. maritime, Jewish and other museums), and finally the organization of forums and conferences, one to two times a year, where scholars from both sides of the Adriatic could meet and compare the results of new studies. Those conferences will be organized in aforementioned small localities along the Adriatic coasts in Italy and Croatia.

2. &URDWLDQ�0DULWLPH�5HJHVWD��QHZ�GRFXPHQWV�DQG�SULPDU\�VRXUFHV� on maritime trade and everyday life in the 18th century

This was a pioneering project in Croatian historiography initiated by Prof. Nikola Èolak in 1956 and its final aim is the publication of Codex Diplomaticus Maritimus Croatiae. Of the 20 planned volumes of documents/regesta (with approximately 100,000 units), already mapped and microfilmed, so far only three have been published (encompassing approxi-mately 16,000 regesta). We have already prepared the fourth volume of Croatian Maritime Regesta with another 4,000 documents at the Zagreb University Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences. There is a lack of published collections of maritime documents in Croatia. There is the Codex diplomaticus Regni Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae collected and published by Tadija Smièiklas and the collection of Venetian reports by Šime Ljubiæ and Grga Novak in eight volumes of Commissiones et relationes Venetae (1876 – 1977), consisting several hundred documents. Nevertheless, the 18th century has as of yet almost not been represented. Within that framework there is an evident need for a far more ex-tensive and comprehensive project. Our plans are to transcribe all the collected sources through interrelated projects, to provide the Croatian and international scholarsly audience with a complete picture of Croatian maritime affairs in the 18th century.

The Croatian Maritime Regesta contains documents on everyday life, trade and con-nections between the two shores of the Adriatic; they come from different archives in Italy

3 See: Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, I: The Structure of Everyday Life, University of California Press, 1992; see also Braudel, The Mediterranean and The Mediterranean World in The Age of Philip II, 2, University of California Press, 1995.

4891DLGD�0LKDO�%UDQGO�DQG�=ULQND�3RGKUDåNL�ÿLçPHN��A New Study Project ...

and Croatia (Trieste, Venice, Ancona, Fano and Bari in Italy, and Zadar, Split, Dubrovnik and others in Croatia).

The first volume was published in Padua in 1985 by the late professor Nikola Èolak with 4,890 documents from the archives of Venice and Fano and contains different ar-chival collections:- sources from the collection Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia, an institution that was a su-

pervisor for trade, both in Levante and Ponente;- a collection of Venetian consulates and letters from their consuls, Provveditori generali

(governors-general) and priors from Ancona, Alexandria, Durrës, Shkodër, Split, Fano;- lists of entries and departures from Ancona (major Adriatic port, entry and exit port

to and from the whole Mediterranean);- material on shipwrecks;- documents, for Levante and Ponente, relating to Serenissima official affairs.4

The second volume was also published in Padua in 1993 with another 6,891 docu-ments from the state archives of Venice and Ancona and contains the following sources:- lists of entries and departures, Ufficio Sanita (The office for public health) – material

connected to quarantine, crews, ship and commodity costs during quarantine and all issues of various centres of pests and other epidemics during the 18th century;

- documents on the entries and departures of the ships through Arco di Traiano;- a very interesting set of documents from the Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia in the Venetian

Archives with Consular letters.5

The third volume, edited by Zrinka Podhraški Èizmek, the granddaughter of Nikola Èolak, was published by the Department of History at the University of Split in 2017, and it contains 3,927 documents from Venice and Ancona with the following sources: - Cinque Savi alla Mercanzia with Consular letters from Ancona;- a very interesting series of documents from the Scuole Piccole San Niccolo dei Mari-

nari – the confraternity in which the benintrada and luminarie were paid by different people connected to maritime industry – thus, it is a very valuable material as it brings a whole series of captains, paroni (small shipowners), parcenevoli (co-owner and shipowner) and of course, ordinary sailors;

- materials regarding entries to Ancona through the Arco di Traiano. This was a result of the cooperation with the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb and 6.5 years of research work on these documents. The form of Regesta (documents in abstract form that give exhaustive information of referent sources) was chosen because of the vast number of documents available for this century. 6

The final result will be a huge database, making it possible to combine the newly transcribed documents with those previously transcribed thus offering to Croatian and international researchers relevant topics of Adriatic and Mediterranean history. This Cro-atian maritime database, after necessary assessments, will be able to communicate with

4 Èolak, Regesti Marittimi Croati, Settecento, Navigazione nell’Adriatico, Fonti, I, Padova 1985.5 Èolak, Regesti Marittimi Croati, Settecento, Navigazione nell’Adriatico, Fonti, II, Padova 1993.6 Èolak, Regesti Marittimi Croati, III.


other maritime databases that are already in phase of realization for the Mediterranean seas and other seas around the world.7

The whole project is organized on a multilevel work that includes different phases. The first phase was eight years of analysis of the 12,000 published documents in volumes I and II for different aspects: types of ships, maritime routes, Jewish presence, pilgrims and pilgrimages and different merchandises. Even before the publication of the third volume of the Croatian Maritime Regesta, in 2017, we started our collaboration on the sources with Piergabriele Mancuso of The Medici Archive Project regarding the research methodology of vast number of documents and providing a reliable database.8

The second phase included establishing connections with scholars from universities and institutes in Italy (Bologna, Venice, Trieste) and in Croatia (Zagreb, Split, Pula, Zadar and Dubrovnik) interested in transcription and publication of another 75,000 documents from the archives with a pyramidal system for the actual part of the transcribing, and a call to museums interested to join the project hosting the conferences and revitalizing their exhibitions.

The third phase refers to aforementioned dissemination through planning forums and conferences after and during the publication of the Regesta (the plan is to publish another 16 volumes), allowing participants to share results from the research not only from these documents but also from other and different primary sources.

Every new volume will be uploaded on the project online site with all the documents in regesto and in extenso to be consulted by the international community of scholars.

The fourth phase will be a creation of quality database from published documents, making it able to crisscross this data with other databases in different Mediterranean projects.

3. &URDWLDQ�0DULWLPH�5HJHVWD, contents and methods: IURP�JHQHUDO�WR�VSHFLÀF

Focusing and mainly dealing with documents of not only maritime-commercial nature produced in the context of eastern-western 18th century Adriatic trade, Croatian Maritime Regesta is in fact a largely unexplored and for the time being a mostly untapped source

7 See the three following international projects: “Seafaring Lives in Transition”, “Mediterranean Maritime Labour” and “Shipping, 1850s-1920s” (SeaLiT), http://www.sealitproject.eu/ (access 10. 4. 2019). Part of this project is also Mateo Brataniæ, a historian of University of Zadar; Navigocorpus – “Corpus des itinéraires des navires de commerce, XVIIe-XIXe�VLqFOHVµ�>´'DWDEDVH�RQ�WKH�,WLQHUDULHV�RI�0HUFKDQW�6KLSV��17th-19th�&HQWXULHVµ@��KWWS��QDYLJRFRUSXV�RUJ��DFFHVV��´+LVWRU\�RI�WKH�%ODFN�6HD��th-20th century” – ARGO Database and JASON Database, https://data.blacksea.gr/ (access 10. 4. 2019).

8 It has to be emphasized that, during the 30 years of transcription of selected documents (1956 – 1985), Nikola Èolak analyzed all the families of captains, paroni and parcenevoli (Croats, Italians, Jews, Alba-nians, Greeks, Serbs and Montenegrins, English, French, Dutch, etc.). From the processed material he made their family trees, where possible, following them through several generations in the 18th century. The same can be said for the analysis of the variety of money and measures used in that century and the import and export of merchandise through the eastern Adriatic ports, as evidenced by fifty published scientific papers as well as numerous boxes on these themes in his personal archival collection. See the Foreword of the upcoming volume IV of The Croatian Maritime Regesta.


of information. Far from being completed, its current documents represent only a portion of a numerically much bigger, thematically and geo-chronologically much wider mine of information.

The methodology utilized is the transcription and summarization of original documents in extenso into the abbreviated form in regesto, except in those cases where the docu-ments themselves are very significant. The sources will then be systematized into units in paper form and printed in books and in an e-format in order to be uploaded online and available to everyone.

Due to the methodology, structure of the analysis and synthesis based on a vast number of documents, this project enables us to extract valuable information from documents that may otherwise remain unidentified by researchers.9

Getting specific information from a general archive (as Croatian Maritime Regesta in fact are, in spite of their mostly economic-trading focus) is an extremely demanding task. The degree of serendipity intrinsic to such type of research, however, can be drastically reduced by singling out from each document the most relevant metadata and crisscrossing the pieces of information they provide.

A similar approach was adopted for the study of documents of Jewish/Hebrew nature making up the Medici Archives in Florence and in the making of BIA (Building Interactive Archives), a digital platform containing documents produced by the Medici court (Mediceo del Principato collection, stored in the National Archive in Florence), between the mid-16th and mid-18th centuries. What at first seemed to be scattered and separated tesserae of a very unclear mosaic, had eventually been interconnected which led to revealing the stories of Jews who had been in contact with the court, playing a crucial role in the making of the Medici state.10

A similar methodology is now being used with the Regesta documents. After general scrutiny of all extant documents which were possible to connect into a single historio-graphical narrative, a number of apparently unrelated documents, unveiled previously unknown stories of travelling and non-travelling individuals, uncovered the biographical profiles and helped the reconstructing of genealogical ties which were completely unknown until today.11 The same can be applied to different types of data such as types of ships, merchandise, maritime routes and much more.12

9 About methodology see Podhraški Èizmek, The Pilgrimages and the Pilgrims to Loreto and Assisi in the Croatian Maritime Regesta of XVIII Century. Anthropological Hermeneutics of Religious Journeys, Doctoral Thesis [Hodoèašæa i hodoèasnici u Loreto i Asiz u hrvatskim pomorskim regestima 18. stoljeæa. Antropološka hermeneutika vjerskih putovanja 2018.��GRNWRUVND�GLVHUWDFLMD@��6SOLW��

10 See The Medici Archive Project, http://www.medici.org/mediceo-del-principato-2/ (access 10. 4. 2019).11 See Piergabriele Mancuso, „Regesti marittimi croati, contents and methods: from general to specific“,

The XIth Congress of the EAJS, Krakow 2018. 12 About this topics see Maria Lucia De Nicolo (ed.), Economia dei litorali e gestione delle risorse dall’anti-

chita al Novecento, Citta di Cattolica 2009; See also: De Nicolo, Sulle rotte dei relitti e dei linguaggi del mare, Citta di Cattolica 2009.


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The only Judaic studies program in Croatia is taught at the University of Zagreb, Fac-ulty of Humanities and Social Sciences, within the Department of Hungarology, Turkology and Judaic Studies.

Jewish history in the Adriatic area was researched for the periods from the 15th to 17th centuries and then about the 19th century. We have a gap for the 18th century, especially referring to contacts between the two coasts of the Adriatic, where Jewish involvement was an integral part of everyday life and activities. Due to a scarcity of available published documents, and the huge number of them produced in this century, this period of Jewish history was studied only locally (i. e. the excellent project of Ivan Èerešnješ and Vesna Mioviæ about Dubrovnik Jews from the Dubrovnik City Archives).13 Our approach to the sources from all possible archives on both sides of the Adriatic allows us to recreate a realistic perspective about and between the communities of Jews in the Adriatic area. This opens up a completely new field of research which can provide new sources for cross-referencing data and analyses for both the eastern and western sides of the Adriatic and beyond: toward the Papal State, the south Adriatic (Ionic islands), Kingdom of Naples, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Republic of Genoa, as far as western Mediterranean and beyond to the northern seas, eastern Mediterranean coasts, including northern Africa, Cyprus and Crete, and all the Ottoman coast cities, including what is now Albania and Greece.14

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In this context it is important to focus on interdisciplinary approach of both Jewish and Maritime historiographies that we are bringing together. Indeed, Zrinka has started from the Maritime studies perspective already in 2011. She became interested in the Jewish presence that she noticed while researching these documents and together with Naida-Michal created a whole new research project with very significant innovations.

In this collaboration, we identified a total of 544 mentions of Jews in the three volumes of the Regesta. In our further analysis we reconstructed the specific roles Jews had both as individuals and as members of different partnerships, societies and communities in the maritime trade, trade routes and different types of trade, as well as family networks and connections. They travelled and traded within the Adriatic itself, as well as the Mediter-ranean and the Northern seas as far as Norway or Russia.15

13 Vesna Mioviæ – Ivan Èerešnješ, Research, Inventory and Cataloguing Documents of the Criminal Court Registers. “Lamenta Criminalia post terraemotum”, “Diversi e possesso de Criminale” and “Criminalia” in the State Archives of Dubrovnik Involving Jewish Litigants (1667–1808), Ljubljana 2016; Mioviæ, æLGRYVNL�rodovi u Dubrovniku (1546-1940), Zagreb – Dubrovnik 2017.

14 See David Cesarani (ed.), Port Jews, Parkes-Wiener Series on Jewish Studies, London 2002; Cesarani (ed.), Jews and Port Cities: 1590-1990. Commerce, Community and Cosmopolitanism, Vallentine Mitchell, 2006; Lois C. Dubin, The Port Jews of Habsburg Trieste: Absolutist Politics and Enlightenment Culture, Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture, Stanford University Press, 2011; Francesca Bregoli, Mediterranean Enlightenment: Livornese Jews, Tuscan Culture, and Eighteenth-Century Reform, Stanford Studies in Jewish History and Culture, Stanford University Press, 2016.

15 See bibliography in previous footnote about the concept of “Port Jews”.


After the transcription of documents and compiling each set or volume in one whole, we used a research system to identify and describe Jewish presence and their specific roles. The result is a database in the form of an Excel table, where different collected data is specified: a number of document, a date of specific action, port/city/area of a document, a name, a surname, and father’s name, their origin, a role in the society (merchant, agent, owner of merchandise or ships/parcenevole and paron, banker, public figure/sensale, some-times even captain), citizenship, business partners, types and quantities of merchandise, their provenance, transitional and final destinations. From this data we can sort and extract various new information about their families, business connections and networks, their core businesses, specific roles some families had in different types of businesses, how this affected family matching, not just in the Adriatic, but also in the rest of the Mediterrane-an. The project will also analyze new roles that some of old families took in this century.

With this methodology we are creating a database of valuable information with software that extracts relevant crisscrossing information about Jewish history in the 18th century.

In documents we have already analyzed there are mentions of different Jewish com-munities of Venice, Ancona, Pesaro, Livorno, Rome, Split, Dubrovnik, Bitola, Salonica and Constantinople. Moreover, we can recognize specific Jewish names of the ships like Li Tre Felici, Le Due Sorelle, La Bella Giuditta, La Bella Sara, Padre di Famiglia, La Bella Rachele, La Graziosa Ester, Il Savio Benefattore. Some of the names we have found are: Emmanuel Jacur (see the photo of the document below), Leon di Menachem Vivante, Lazaro Jacob Vita e nipoti Vivante, Jacob Mulli, Iseppo Treves qm Emanuel, David e Isacco Morpurgo, Giovanni Lazaro, Lazaro Vivante, Abram Vita d’Angeli, Abram qm Leon Tedesco, Memo Curiel and many other.

Parts of these results were presented at different international conferences and con-gresses: - “…li giudei debbano abitar unidi…” The Birth and Evolution of the Venetian Ghetto

(1516-1797), The Medici Archive Project, Beit Venezia and “I 500 anni del Ghetto di Venezia” with a presentation “Jewish Merchants between the two shores of the Adriatic in the 18th century”

in Venice, May 2016;- Jews in the Balkans: History, Religion, Culture, Moses Mendelssohn Centre for Europe-

an-Jewish Studies (University of Potsdam), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of Split with a presentation: “Jews as Building Factor of Adriatic and Mediterranean Worlds in the 18th Century” in Split, May 2017;

- Representation of the “Port Jew”, Parkes Institute for the Study of Jewish/non-Jewish relations, University of Southampton and Kaplan Centre for Jewish Studies and Re-search at the University of Cape Town, with a presentation: “Adriatic Port Jews in the 18th Century”, in Southampton, May 2017;

- The XIth Congress of the European Association for Jewish Studies 2018, with a panel: “Project for a new research area: Maritime trade from the Eastern and Western Adriatic to the Mediterranean – Jews, merchants and travelers in the 18th century inter-religious trade”, in Krakow, July 2018;

- European Business History Association – 22nd Annual Congress, in the Session A3 – A Maritime Market: Jewish Enterprises and Grain Trade in Early Modern Europe, with


a presentation: “Jewish Presence in the Maritime Trade of Grain during the 18th Cen-tury in the Adriatic Sea from the Croatian Maritime Regesta, vols. I-III”, in Ancona, September 2018.

Fig. 1. Photo of the document RMC III, 3753.16

16 1759.7.IV, Venezia – Ruolo della nave “Provvidenza Divina” del capit. Petar del fu Andrija Tomaševiæ (Tomasseuich!) da Dubrovnik, parcen. Emanuele Jacur, diretta a Kerkyra; partita in contumacia. Marinai: Antun del fu Franjo Vice da Cres (42), Almerigo del fu Valenzo Appolonio da Piran (42). In tutto 15 membri. Benintrada: 32:4 L. Archivio di Stato di Venezia (ASV), Scuole Piccole San Niccolo dei Marineri (SSNM), busta 519, Ruoli bastimenti, filza 46, f. 27; Èolak, Regesti Marittimi Croati, III, no. 3753.


On those conferences and congresses, we have already started a dissemination of our project with great interest and responses for our work on publishing and analyzing primary maritime sources.

5. Conclusion

We can conclude that the project of compiling the 20 volumes of Codex Diplomaticus Maritimus Croatiae, will enable us to see the daily life of the Adriatic and Mediterranean people and communities, through the publication of approx. 100,000 documents is moving forward. Until now we have edited 20,000 documentary sources which will be digitized and, in another phase, transform them all into a database, thus enabling Croatian Maritime Regesta to become a part of a wider network of maritime databases not only of the different Mediterranean seas but also beyond. Even in this phase of the project those documents outline the coordinates of a new world that emerges in the 18th century in the period of Venetian decline and emergence of new realities that will characterize a Modern European modo di vivere.