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You Say You Want A Revolution #2. Bunker Hill. June 1775 This battle was actually fought on Breed’s Hill . It took the British 3 attempts to take the hill. The Americans were finally forced to retreat because they only had 13 Rounds per person. Battle of Bunker Hill. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Bunker Hill
• June 1775
• This battle was actually fought on
Breed’s Hill.
• It took the British 3 attempts to take the hill. The Americans were finally forced to retreat because they only had 13 Rounds per person.
Battle of Bunker Hill
• This battle is considered a Draw . The British could claim victory because they took the hill while the Americans could claim victory because they killed/wounded half of the British (around 1100).
Attack on Fort Ticonderoga
• May 1775
• These two men led the attack: Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen.
• Reason for attacking the fort: Needed the cannons.
• The Americans were able to take the fort without firing a shot because the soldiers in the fort didn’t know about Lexington and Concord.
Battle of Quebec
• December 31, 1775
• The 385 mile trip by Arnold and his men to Quebec was difficult because it was through the wilderness during the winter.
• Arnold’s men got so hungry that they ate their dog, leather from their shoes, lip salve, cartridge boxes.
Battle of Quebec
• The two leaders of the attack were Benedict Arnold and Richard Montgomery.
• During the attack Montgomery was killed and Arnold was shot in the leg.
Name Side Achievement(s)
Sam Adams
Ethan Allen
Benedict Arnold
Penelope Barker
General Burgoyne
George Rogers ClarkNEW PAGEGeneral Cornwallis
Lydia Darragh
John Dickinson
General Gates
Nathan Hale
John HancockNEW PAGEJohn Paul Jones
Daniel Morgan
Thomas Paine
“Molly Pitcher”
Esther Reed
Betsy RossNEW PAGEDeborah Sampson
Baron Von Stueben
The “Swamp Fox”
Mercy Otis Warren
George Washington
Second Continental Congress• May 10, 1775-Philadelphia
• Made Two Important Decisions:
• 1. Created the Continental Army
• and appointed George Washington
• to be commander.
• 2. Olive Branch Petition-sent to King George, declared the colonist’s loyalty and asked for a repeal of the Intolerable Acts.
Declaration of Independence
• July 4, 1776
• Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write it.
• Four Main Parts
• 1. Preamble (introduction)• 2. Natural Rights-rights that belong to all
people from birth.• 3. British wrongs-Listed 27 reasons why the
colonies were declaring independence
Declaration of Independence
4. Independence-announces that the colonies have left England and formed the United States of America.
• City approved in: Philadelphia
• Men on the Declaration Committee: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman
Declaration of Independence
• Section Removed and why:
• A section condemning slavery was removed after objections from the Southern colonies.
AmericanStrengths
• Homefield Advantage
• Fighting for a cause
Weaknesses
• Little or no experience or training
AmericanStrengths
• Strategy and leadership of George Washington
Weaknesses
• Little unity among the colonies
BritishStrengths
• Help of Loyalists
• Mercenaries
Weaknesses
• Difficult to supply and communicate with their armies.
BritishWeaknesses
• Not used to “American” fighting.
• 1500 miles of coastline
• Atlantic Ocean-lost 25% of their ships to the ocean.
Battles for New York City
The British • won the Battle of Long Island. The American army lost 970 (British 63) men
Battles for New York City• and had another 1079 men captured, which was about 25% of Washington’s army.
Battles for New York City• Washington made a big mistake by splitting his army between Manhattan and Long Island. The
Battles for New York City• British could have cut Washington off with their fleet, but luckily for the Americans the British
Battles for New York City• On the night of August 29 Washington decided to attempt an escape by having his troops
Battles for New York City• ferried across the East River to Manhattan.
• The escape was successful because
Trenton• December 26, 1776• Reasons Washington chose Christmas Night/morning after to attack:
• 1. Element of Surprise
a. Hessians drunk? (not likely)
b. Holidayc. Work of
Washington’s spyd. Condition of river,
blizzard
2. Most of the soldiers’ enlistments were running out on New Years Day. Washington needed a victory to convince soldiers to re-enlist.
• The battle wasn’t fought against British troops but against Hessians, who were German Mercenaries.
Battle of Princeton
• Washington and his army escaped by leaving a few men to keep the campfires burning while they marched around the British army.
• “…..you might have tracked the army from White Marsh to Valley Forge by the blood of their feet.”
“-George Washington
• Number of troops at Valley Forge: 11,000
• Number/percentage of troops who died at Valley Forge:
• 2500 (around 23%)•
• Soldiers ranged in age from 12 to 60.
• “Putrid fever, the itch, diarrhea, dysentery and rheumatism
Morristown
• Location: New Jersey
• Number of soldiers involved: 13000
• Winters of 1777-78 and 79-80
• The huts that the soldiers lived in were
• 14X16 ft. large and housed an average of
• 12 soldiers.
A British Plan For Victory
• January 1777
• British would take the city of Albany
• And gain control of the Hudson River.
• This river was important because controlling it would separate New England From the rest of the colonies.
• 400 Patriots died during the ambush.
• The terrain has changed since the battle, the main difference(s) being
• the ravine/creek has grown deeper.
• It was difficult for the militia to retreat because of the muddy ground and the oxen
• and carts blocked the path.
• *There were several factors that led to the high Patriot death toll, such as the Mohawks waiting until they saw
• smoke to attack, panic by many of the militia, difficulty of retreat, and the Iroquois belief of not allowing survivors.
• The militia column was probably around
• .5-1 mile long.
• The main difference between the Patriots that died and the
• While the Patriots that died
• tried to run away.
• The main purpose of scalping was
• to cause terror. It
• went to the battlefield and led the Americans to victory.
• This weapon was important for the Americans during the battle: rifle
• This battle is called the “Turning Point” of the war because
• the American victory convinced the French to join the war on the side of the Americans
Invasion of Iroquois land
• 1779
• The Sullivan-Clinton campaign was the largest expedition against Native
• total destruction and devastation of their settlements……It will be essential to
• ruin their crops now in the ground and prevent their planting more.
• •
• -George Washington
• The four main objectives of this campaign were to:
• 1. give protection to the frontier settlements.
•
• 2. Drive the Iroquois westward and/or northward
• 3. cut off the British and Loyalist food supply from the Iroquois
•
• 4. Possess the land inhabited by the Iroquois so that when the war was over we could claim ownership of it.
West Point
• West Point was important because
• Without it the British could never control the Hudson River.
• led the attack on Quebec (shot in leg)
• hero of the Battle of Saratoga. (shot in leg)
• Defeated British at Battle of Valcour Island.
•
• These events led to Arnold becoming a traitor:
• Congress refused to recognize or promote him for his achievements.
Younger, less experienced officers promoted over him.
Arrested for insubordination after Saratoga while Gates took all of the credit for
Trashing his family’s grave stones.
Washington ordered that the words Benedict Arnold never be said again.
• With disrespect and mistrust
• Arnold did regret his decision because right before he died
• he asked to put on his American uniform
• The American victory at Yorktown was important
• because it ended the Revolutionary War.
• What happened at the surrender ceremony?
Washington’s Final Problem of the War• What was the problem?
• The officers had not been paid in some time and some were
• threatening to demand their money from Congress at gunpoint.
• Washington solved the problem by
• making his men feel
• ashamed about complaining about money when he had sacrificed his eyesight. Also that betraying the new country would be
Treaty of Paris
• Ratified April 15, 1783• Great Britain recognized • the United States as an independent nation
•
• The borders of the United States would be from
• the Atlantic to Mississippi River, Canada to Florida.
• The British promised to
• remove their troops and abandon their forts
• The United States Congress would