Year 9 Knowledge OrganiserSpring 2 Term 2020

Name…………………………………………………………………………….. Tutor Group……………………………..

Introduction Section 6 - Geography

Section 1 - English Section 7 -IT/Computing

Section 2 - Maths Section 8 - Music

Section 3 - Science Section 9 - Drama

Section 4 - History Section 10 - Art

Section 5 - French

Contents page

BackgroundThe Knowledge Organisers are designed to contain the core body of knowledge you need for each concept/topic. They will help you learn a wide range of knowledge which in turn will mean you are more prepared for your lessons. To get the most out of your Knowledge Organiser, you should be learning sections and then self testing yourself on a regular basis.

Ways to use your Knowledge Organiser• Ask someone to write questions for you • Write your own challenging questions and then leave

it overnight to answer them the next day • Create mindmaps• Create flashcards • Put the key words into new sentences • Look, cover, write and check • Mnemonics • Draw a comic strip of a timeline • Give yourself spelling tests on key words• Definition tests • Draw diagrams of processes • Draw images and annotate/label them with extra

information • Do further research on the topic • Create fact files • Create flowcharts

“It always seems impossible until it is done” (Nelson Mandela)

Introduction

Year- 9 Subject- English Topic/Concept- Heroes and Villains (‘Macbeth’)

Key ThemesHeroism, villainy, slavery, crime and punishment, resilience/adversity, prejudice, gender roles.

Figures of InterestStephen Hawking: (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death. He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009. In 1963, Hawking was diagnosed with an early-onset slow-progressing form of motor neurone disease

Rosa Parkes: Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 –October 24, 2005) was an American activist in the civil rights movement best known for her pivotal role in the Montgomery bus boycott. The United States Congress has called her "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks rejected bus driver James F. Blake's order to relinquish her seat in the "coloured section" to a white passenger, after the whites-only section was filled.

Texts in this module:Oliver Twist, Great Expectations and A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens. Dickens's novels combine brutality with fairy-tale fantasy; sharp, realistic, concrete detail with romance, farce, and melodrama.; the ordinary with the strange.Uncle Tom’s Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly, is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Published in 1852, the novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the U.S. and is said to have "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War".Children in Prison – published in 1897 by novelist and poet Oscar Wilde as an attempt to uncover what he deemed to be the scandal of child prisoners incarcerated in British jails.Letter on Public Executions – In November 1849, Charles Dickens was so appalled by what he saw at a public execution that he wrote a strongly worded letter to The Times Newspaper. Othello by William Shakespeare: - a tragedy believed to have been written in 1603, the play begins in the city of Venice, at night. Iago, an ensign in the Venetian army, is bitter about being passed over for lieutenant in favour of Cassio and plots his revenge on the tragic hero Othello.

A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is brave

five minutes longer.Ralph Waldo Emerson

Rosa Parkes

Stephen Hawking

Charles Dickens

MalalaGreta Thunberg

Year- 9 Topic/Concept- Heroes and Villains – Fiction & Non-Fiction Extracts

Key Word & Definition Examples Real-life

applications

Interpret and construct tables, charts and diagrams.

Types of Data Qualitative Data – non-numerical dataQuantitative Data – numerical dataContinuous Data – data that can take any numerical value within a given range.

Qualitative Data –

eye colour, gender

etc.

Continuous Data –

weight, voltage etc.

Discrete Data –

number of children,

shoe size etc.

Pictograms

are used on TV

by news

programs

They are very

visual and you

do not need to

see the values

to know which

is the bigger

one

Composite bar

charts quickly

show a share

when

comparing

similar items

Frequency Table

A record of how often each value in a

set of data occurs.

MathsWatch Clip S3 , S4

Pictogram

Uses pictures or symbols to show the

value of the data.

A pictogram must have a key.

MathsWatch Clip S1a , S1b

Bar Chart

Compound/Composite Bar Charts

show data stacked on top of each

other.

MathsWatch Clip S2a, S2b , 15

Pie Charts

Used for showing how

data breaks down into its

constituent parts.

When drawing a pie

chart, divide 360° by the

total frequency. This will

tell you how many

degrees to use for the

frequency of each

category.

Remember to label the

category that each sector

in the pie chart

represents.

MathsWatch Clip S9

If there are 40 people

in a survey, then each

person will be worth

360÷40=9° of the pie

chart.

Companies use these charts as

they are an easy way to

represent data clearly.

Media sources use pie charts

when they want to emphasise

modal values. For example, a

pie chart identifying reasons

for increase in illnesses in the

UK, may emphasise NHS

cutbacks as the modal value.

Time series

A graph showing data

that has been collected

over time.

The sales of a shop are

recorded for a week as

shown in the table.

A Time series graph can

then be plotted to show a

trend in takings

MathsWatch Clip 153

Businesses use time series

graphs to identify trends in

sales to help determine how

much of each product to make

each month, to maximise

profit and limit waste.

For example, the shop on the

left would ensure they have

more produce in at weekends

due to that being the majority

of sales

This half term we are looking at the concept of Understanding Statistics. You will need to be able to construct and read a variety of different tables, charts or graphs and most importantly know how to apply these skills in different contexts including both real–life

and abstract situations. You will also work with probability trees and applying these in a real life context.

Year- 9 Subject- Mathematics Concept- Understanding Statistics

Working with Scatter Diagrams

Correlation

Correlation between

two sets of data

means they are

connected in some

way.

There is correlation

between temperature

and the number of ice

creams sold.

Used to spot trends in

sales .

Children’s heights for

development checks

Tests scores over time to

check progress

Correlation describes

relationships between two

sets of data.

An example of positive

correlation is the

connection between

cinema attendance and

cinema popcorn sales.

An example of negative

correlation is the amount

of tea drunk from a cup

and the amount of tea left

in a cup.

Positive Correlation

As one value increases

the other value

increases.

MathsWatch Clip 129

Negative Correlation

As one value increases

the other value

decreases.

No Correlation

There is no linear

relationship between

the two.

Histogram

A visual way to display

frequency data using bars.

Bars can be unequal in width.

Histograms show frequency

density on the y-axis, not

frequency.

MathsWatch Clip 205

Using the bottom

diagram it is possible

to predict how many

plants above a

certain height.

It could also be used

to estimate sales as

taller plants will sell

for a greater price

If a bar was drawn

for 30 to 40 the

quantity of plants

would be

35 to 40 = 5 x 0.8 = 4

Plus

Half of 25 to 35

10 x 0.6 = 6

Then half it = 3

Total 30 to 40 = 7

Reading a Histogram

To find the value of each bar

you take the class width and

multiply by the frequency

density (height).

15 x 0.4 = 6

The shaded bar represents 6

Year- 9 Subject- Mathematics Concept- Understanding Statistics

𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 = 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚

𝑪𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉

Working with Probability Trees

Independent Events

The outcome of a

previous event does

not influence/affect

the outcome of a

second event.

MathsWatch Clip 151

An example of

independent events

could be replacing a

counter in a bag after

picking it.

Sporting outcomes can be

predicted through the use

of tree diagrams.

For example the likelihood

of scoring a penalty kick in

football:

The probability that Matt

scores is 0.6 The

probability that Thomas

scores is 0.7

Find the probability of

scoring:

P(Both scoring) = 0.6 x 0.7

= 0.42

Tree Diagrams

Tree diagrams show

all the possible

outcomes of an event

and calculate their

probabilities.

All branches must add

up to 1 when adding

downwards.

This is because the

probability of

something not

happening is 1 minus

the probability that it

does happen.

MathsWatch Clip 151

Line of Best Fit

A straight line that best

represents the data on a

scatter graph.

MathsWatch Clip 129

Can be used when

some data is missing

or very difficult to

find or test

The example to the

left is a common real

life use of estimating

from a line of best

fit.

Some business use

records of sales

throughout a year in

order to estimate

the amount of sales

for the next month.

Estimating using a line of

best fit

The diagram shows

comparing Marks in maths

and science.

A student missed the science

but got 22 in their maths.

The line can be used to

estimate a likely score in

science

When not to use a line of

best fit

This diagram is showing, the

greater the number of ice

creams sold , the more the

lifeboat is called out.

If we ban the sale of ice

cream will that mean the

lifeboat isn’t needed

Year- 9 Subject- Mathematics Concept- Understanding Statistics

Dependent Events

The outcome of a previous

event does influence/affect

the outcome of a second

event.

An example of dependent

events could be not replacing

a counter in a bag after

picking it.

‘Without replacement’

Probability Notation

P(A) refers to the probability

that event A will occur.

P(A’) refers to the probability

that event A will not occur.

P(Red Queen) refers to the

probability of picking a Red

Queen from a pack of cards.

P(Blue’) refers to the

probability that you do not

pick Blue.

AND rule for Probability

When two events, A and B,

are independent:

P(A and B)=P(A)×P(B)

What is the probability of

rolling a 4 and flipping a

Tails?

P(4 and Tails)=P(4)×P(Tails)

OR rule for Probability

When two events, A and B,

are mutually exclusive:

P(A or B)=P(A)+P(B)

What is the probability of

rolling a 2 or rolling a 5?

P(2 or 5)=P(2)+P(5)

Year- 9 Subject- Mathematics Concept- Understanding Statistics

Conditional Probability

The probability of an

event A happening, given

that event B has already

happened.

With conditional

probability, check if the

numbers on the second

branches of a tree

diagram changes. For

example, if you have 4 red

beads in a bag of 9 beads

and pick a red bead on the

first pick, then there will

be 3 red beads left out of

8 beads on the second

pick.

=1

6×

1

2=

1

12

=1

6+

1

6=

2

6=

1

3

Year- 9 Subject- Science Topic/Concept- Waves – Effects and Properties

A wave will transfer energy from one place to another without a net movement

of particles

There are two different types of waves;Longitudinal and transverse

Longitudinal wave particles move side to side, transverse wave particles move up and down.

Amplitude – The distance between the equilibrium line and the peak or trough of a wave. The larger the amplitude, the louder the sound (if it is a sound wave)Wavelength – The distance between two consecutive peaks / troughs.Peak – The top point of a wave Trough – The bottom point of a waveCompression – Part of a longitudinal wave where particles are bunched togetherRarefaction – Part of a longitudinal wave where particles are bunched together.Frequency – How many waves pass a point in one secondEquilibrium – The horizontal line passing through the wave. This represents the point of zero energy.

This formula can be used to calculate the speed of sound. In air, the speed of sound is

330 m/s.

Even though sound waves are longitudinal waves, oscilloscopes show

sound waves as transverse waves to make them easier to work with. This allows us

to work out wavelengths, frequencies and speeds!

Year- 9 Subject- Science Topic/Concept- Chemical Reactions

Seismic waves are used by scientists to ‘see’ inside the Earth. We can work out what the layers of the Earth are

made of using these and also warn people about possible earthquakes!

Radiowaves – Used for communication. No dangers.Microwaves – Used for communication & heating.

Can cause burns.Infrared – Used for communication, heating and thermal

imaging. Can cause burns. Fun fact; cats can see infrared! They literally have heat vision!

Visible Light – The part of the spectrum that we can see with our eyes. All of the colours are in this part. Too much can cause eye

damage.Ultraviolet – Used for sun beds and bank fraud. Can cause skin

damage and lead to cancer.X-Ray – Used to see bones and tumors in the body. Can cause

cancer.Gamma – Used to steralise medical equipment and destroy

cancer cells. This can also give you cancer.

Light waves from the sun provide the energy which solar

panels collect.

Microphones transfer energy from sound waves

into electrical waves.

Year- 9 Subject- Science Topic/Concept- Waves & Light

Year- 9 Subject- Science Topic/Concept- Waves & Light

serveur/serveuse, garçon de café = waiter/waitresscoiffeur/coiffeuse = hairdressercaissier/caissière = cashierboulanger/boulangère = bakerinfirmier/infirmière = nursefermier/fermière = farmerpolicier/policière = police officerfacteur/factrice = postman/womanmédecin = doctormécanicien/mécanicienne = mechanicchauffeur (de poids lourd) = driver (lorry)cuisinier/cuisinière = chefacteur/actrice = actor/actressprofesseur = teacherpompier = firefighterfootballeur =footballerchanteur/chanteuse = singerinventeur/inventrice = inventorconcepteur de jeux vidéo = video game designerastronaute = astronaut

Year- 9 Subject- French Topic/Concept- Careers

Jobs

C’est bien payé It’s well paid

C’est fatigant It’s tiring

C’est intéressant et varié It’s interesting and varied

C’est monotone It’s monotonous

C’est créatif It’s creative

C’est stressant It’s stressful

On voyage beaucoup You travel a lot

On doit travailler le samedi You must work on Saturdays

On travaille en plein You work in the open air

On a beaucoup de contact avec les gens

You have lots of contact with people

Les horaires sont longs The hours are long

Ce n’est pas bien payé It’s not well paid

Advantages/Disadvantages

continuer (ses études)= to carry on (studying)*faire des études/étudier= to study*devenir (ingénieur)= to become (an engineer)quitter l’école= to leave schoolaller à l’université = to go to university

Read the French news for French children:

https://www.1jour1actu.com/

Practice your French playing games

WWW.LINGUASCOPE.COM

Future study

Year- 9 Subject- French Topic/Concept- Careers

Key Verbs

étudier = to studytravailler = to work

aller = to goêtre = to be

devenir = to becomefaire = to do

quitter = to leave

The Future Tenses

The simple future To say what you will doe.g. j’étudierai = I will study

The near future To say what you are going to doe.g. Je vais jouer = I’m going to play

Question Words

Year- 9 Subject- Computer Science Topic/Concept - Programming

Year- 9 Subject- Computer Science Topic/Concept - Programming