Year 8Year 8

The English Civil WarThe English Civil War

King Charles 1 1625-1649King Charles 1 1625-1649

►What was his family What was his family name?name?

►Who was his father?Who was his father?►Which religious Which religious

group did the group did the Pilgrim Fathers Pilgrim Fathers belong to?belong to?

►Of which Church Of which Church was Charles the was Charles the head?head?

King Charles 1 1625-1649King Charles 1 1625-1649

Queen Henrietta-MariaQueen Henrietta-Maria

► Which country did Which country did Henrietta Maria Henrietta Maria come from?come from?

► Which religious Which religious group did she belong group did she belong to?to?

► Why do you think Why do you think that she could be that she could be unpopular with some unpopular with some people in England?people in England?

Religious groups.Religious groups.

► Which religious group Which religious group is shown in this is shown in this picture?picture?

► What did they believe What did they believe in?in?

► How can we tell they How can we tell they belong to this group?belong to this group?

► After reading the sheet, After reading the sheet, write 4 facts about how write 4 facts about how this group lived their this group lived their lives.lives.

The Roman Catholics.The Roman Catholics.

The previous pictureThe previous picture

►Can you identify the picture on the Can you identify the picture on the previous page?previous page?

►Clue – it is connected with the Vatican Clue – it is connected with the Vatican City.City.

►Where is the Vatican City and what is it?Where is the Vatican City and what is it?►Who is the most important person in the Who is the most important person in the

Vatican City?Vatican City?►Write 4 facts about the beliefs of Roman Write 4 facts about the beliefs of Roman

Catholics.Catholics.

The Protestants.The Protestants.

►Who is the secular Who is the secular head of the Church head of the Church of England?of England?

►Who is the spiritual Who is the spiritual head? (look at the head? (look at the picture)picture)

Charles as KingCharles as King

►Which church was Charles head of as Which church was Charles head of as king of England?king of England?

►What had happened in 1605 which What had happened in 1605 which made many people fear Roman made many people fear Roman Catholics?Catholics?

Arguments with Parliament.Arguments with Parliament.

►King James 1 had quarrelled with his King James 1 had quarrelled with his parliaments about many things. These parliaments about many things. These included, money, power, religion, included, money, power, religion, Divine Right and favourites. During Divine Right and favourites. During his reign he gained many enemies. his reign he gained many enemies. Many of the MPs were Puritans.Many of the MPs were Puritans.

►After James’ death, the arguments After James’ death, the arguments continued.continued.

The Theory of Divine Right.The Theory of Divine Right.

►What do you understand by this term?What do you understand by this term?►How would it affect the way in which How would it affect the way in which

the monarchs would rule?the monarchs would rule?►MONEYMONEY

►How does the government get money How does the government get money to rule the country?to rule the country?

►How is that money collected?How is that money collected?

Charles’ Personal Rule 1629-Charles’ Personal Rule 1629-16401640

►Why did Charles decide to rule without Why did Charles decide to rule without a Parliament?a Parliament?

►Could this happen now?Could this happen now?►Explain your answer.Explain your answer.►These 11 years are referred to as These 11 years are referred to as

years of tyranny by Charles’ enemies years of tyranny by Charles’ enemies and as his Personal Rule by those who and as his Personal Rule by those who supported him supported him

The Personal Rule 1629-1640The Personal Rule 1629-1640

► The 2 men who The 2 men who helped to rule helped to rule during the Personal during the Personal Rule wereRule were

► The Earl of Strafford The Earl of Strafford and Archbishop and Archbishop Laud.Laud.

Governing without a Governing without a PARLIAMENTPARLIAMENT

►What would be the greatest problems What would be the greatest problems which Charles would face?which Charles would face?

►How did Charles raise money?How did Charles raise money?►Why would these actions upset Why would these actions upset

people?people?►The tax which caused most anger was The tax which caused most anger was

Ship MoneyShip Money

Ship MoneyShip Money

►What was Ship What was Ship money?money?

►Where was it Where was it supposed to be supposed to be collected from?collected from?

►Where did Charles Where did Charles collect this tax?collect this tax?

►Why were people so Why were people so angry about this?angry about this?

The Bishops’ wars The Bishops’ wars

►Many of the Scottish people belonged to the Many of the Scottish people belonged to the _____________________ Church. Archbishop _____________________ Church. Archbishop _________ tried to force them to use the _________ tried to force them to use the English _____________ book.English _____________ book.

► The Scots refused and there were two wars. The Scots refused and there were two wars. As there were no __________ in their church As there were no __________ in their church organisation, these wars were known as the organisation, these wars were known as the ‘________ _________.’ The English lost them ‘________ _________.’ The English lost them and Charles had to call a ___________ to pay and Charles had to call a ___________ to pay for the wars.for the wars.

► Bishops’ wars; Parliament; Laud; Prayer; Bishops’ wars; Parliament; Laud; Prayer; Presbyterian; bishops;Presbyterian; bishops;

War is close!War is close!

► The Short Parliament The Short Parliament did not give Charles did not give Charles what he demanded.what he demanded.

► The Long The Long Parliament, after the Parliament, after the Second Bishops’ War Second Bishops’ War made demands and made demands and refused to give refused to give Charles money.Charles money.

►Many MPs were Many MPs were Puritans.Puritans.

The Grand RemonstranceThe Grand Remonstrance

►The MPs drew up a long list of The MPs drew up a long list of criticisms about Charles. The king had criticisms about Charles. The king had had enough. He decided to get rid of had enough. He decided to get rid of his critics by arresting them in the his critics by arresting them in the House of Commons.House of Commons.

►Why do you think that this was not a Why do you think that this was not a good idea?good idea?

The Attempted arrest of the Five The Attempted arrest of the Five MembersMembers

►Charles tried to arrest the 5 leading Charles tried to arrest the 5 leading Puritan MPs, Pym, Strode, Hollis, Puritan MPs, Pym, Strode, Hollis, Hampden, HazelriggHampden, Hazelrigg

Charles fails!Charles fails!

►What happened to Charles’ popularity What happened to Charles’ popularity after his failure to arrest the 5 MPs?after his failure to arrest the 5 MPs?

►Charles left London in January 1642 Charles left London in January 1642 and would never return again as a free and would never return again as a free man.man.

► In AUGUST 1642, Charles set up his In AUGUST 1642, Charles set up his royal standard in Nottingham and the royal standard in Nottingham and the Civil War began!Civil War began!

Which side would you have Which side would you have joined?joined?

►King’s sideKing’s side

► Think of as many Think of as many reasons as you can reasons as you can for supporting the for supporting the king.king.

► Think of any Think of any reasons why you reasons why you would not support would not support him.him.

► Parliament’s sideParliament’s side►Why would you Why would you

support the support the parliament?parliament?

►Why might you be Why might you be angry with what the angry with what the parliament had parliament had done?done?

The Two sides.The Two sides.

► Cavaliers -KingCavaliers -King ► Roundheads - Roundheads - ParliamentParliament

Land changes hands & Land changes hands & battlesbattles

War 1642-1645War 1642-1645

► There were 3 main battles during the Civil There were 3 main battles during the Civil War. Name these.War. Name these.

►Why do you think that each side tried to Why do you think that each side tried to avoid full battles?avoid full battles?

►Why was Charles short of money during the Why was Charles short of money during the war?war?

►Where did Parliament get money from Where did Parliament get money from during the war? From the previous maps, during the war? From the previous maps, explain how land changed hands during the explain how land changed hands during the war.war.

WeaponsWeapons

The New Model ArmyThe New Model Army

► The New Model The New Model Army was created Army was created by Cromwell and by Cromwell and Fairfax.Fairfax.

► It had properly It had properly equipped and equipped and trained soldiers and trained soldiers and they were paid.they were paid.

► The soldiers were The soldiers were fined for swearing.fined for swearing.

► An ‘Ironside’An ‘Ironside’

Charles brought to trialCharles brought to trial

► This is a picture of This is a picture of King Charles whilst King Charles whilst on trial for treason on trial for treason and murder.and murder.

►Where was his trial Where was his trial held?held?

►Who were his Who were his ‘judges’?‘judges’?

►How many men How many men tried the king?tried the king?

The King’s trialThe King’s trial

► King Charles was tried by a group of King Charles was tried by a group of _____________ in ___________ ________._____________ in ___________ ________.

►He was accused of being a ___________ . He He was accused of being a ___________ . He was not allowed to ________ in his defence was not allowed to ________ in his defence during his trial . He was found _________ during his trial . He was found _________ and was sentenced to _______.and was sentenced to _______.

His death warrant was signed by _______ men. His death warrant was signed by _______ men. They are called regicides (killers of a king).They are called regicides (killers of a king).

traitor; guilty; 59; commissioners; traitor; guilty; 59; commissioners; Westminster hall;Westminster hall;

death; speak.death; speak.

The Execution of the King -30The Execution of the King -30thth January 1649January 1649

► Where did the Where did the execution take execution take place?place?

► Why do you think Why do you think that there was such that there was such a large crowd a large crowd watching this watching this execution?execution?

► What has happened What has happened to the person on the to the person on the ground at the front ground at the front of the picture?of the picture?

What happened next?What happened next?

►No longer a king –who should rule?No longer a king –who should rule?►Who had been determined that Who had been determined that

Charles should be tried?Charles should be tried?►What was the name of the parliament What was the name of the parliament

which which ►had first been called in 1640?had first been called in 1640?

Who is this man?Who is this man?

Was he a hero or a villain?Was he a hero or a villain?

List some good things List some good things which Cromwell did which Cromwell did for this country egfor this country eg

helped people who helped people who were mentally were mentally unwellunwell

List some things for List some things for which Cromwell can which Cromwell can be criticised e.g be criticised e.g what happened in what happened in Ireland.Ireland.

What positions did Cromwell What positions did Cromwell take?take?

► This is a portrait of This is a portrait of Cromwell. What is Cromwell. What is he wearing on his he wearing on his head?head?

►What do you think What do you think this means?this means?

►Why do you think Why do you think That Cromwell did That Cromwell did not accept the title not accept the title of king?of king?

Complete the sentencesComplete the sentences

► Cromwell took the title of ______________Cromwell took the title of ______________►He did not take the title of king because He did not take the title of king because

________________________________________________________________________►When Cromwell died in 1658, his place was When Cromwell died in 1658, his place was

taken by ____________________taken by ____________________► In 1660, Charles 1’s son, ____________In 1660, Charles 1’s son, ____________

was asked to come to England.was asked to come to England.

He was crowned as _________________ and He was crowned as _________________ and ruled from 1660-1685.ruled from 1660-1685.

Charles 11 -1660-1685Charles 11 -1660-1685

The Great Plague 1665-numbers The Great Plague 1665-numbers of deaths of deaths

How did the authorities deal How did the authorities deal with the plague?with the plague?

The Great Fire of London The Great Fire of London 16661666

The area of London destroyed The area of London destroyed by the fire.by the fire.

The death of Charles- who The death of Charles- who would succeed?would succeed?

►Charles did not have any legitimate Charles did not have any legitimate children and so his brother James children and so his brother James inherited the throne. He was inherited the throne. He was unpopular because he was a Roman unpopular because he was a Roman Catholic.Catholic.

The Glorious Revolution -The Glorious Revolution -16881688

►The coronation of William and MaryThe coronation of William and Mary

Why had James been driven Why had James been driven out?out?

►Charles 11 did not have any legitimate Charles 11 did not have any legitimate children. His brother _______ became children. His brother _______ became king. He was a R______ C________ . He king. He was a R______ C________ . He had 2 daughters, M______ and A_______ had 2 daughters, M______ and A_______ . He also had a young son and many . He also had a young son and many feared that future kings would be feared that future kings would be Roman Catholic.Roman Catholic.

► James was forced to leave the country James was forced to leave the country in 1688 and his daughter M_____ ruled in 1688 and his daughter M_____ ruled with her husband W___________ .with her husband W___________ .

Why was this called the Glorious Why was this called the Glorious Revolution?Revolution?

►Explain which ‘revolution’ has taken Explain which ‘revolution’ has taken place.place.

►Why was it described as ‘glorious’?Why was it described as ‘glorious’?►Consider the drawing of the Bill of Rights Consider the drawing of the Bill of Rights

– explain why the king is weighed down – explain why the king is weighed down by the chains.by the chains.

►Explain how each of those points limited Explain how each of those points limited the power of the king.the power of the king.

►Copy the sentences from ‘Why is all this Copy the sentences from ‘Why is all this so important - real power’ (Aylett p.54)so important - real power’ (Aylett p.54)

Queen Anne Queen Anne

►How many How many pregnancies did she pregnancies did she have?have?

►Who was her Who was her father?father?

►Who inherited the Who inherited the throne after her throne after her death?death?

The Hanoverians.The Hanoverians.

► King George 1 King George 1 (1714-1727(1714-1727

►Where is Hanover?Where is Hanover?►Why were there Why were there

problems when he problems when he was king?was king?

The JacobitesThe Jacobites

►These were the followers of James 11 These were the followers of James 11 and they claimed he and his family and they claimed he and his family should rule.should rule.

The Battle of the Boyne -The Battle of the Boyne -16901690

►William defeated William defeated the Jacobites at this the Jacobites at this battle in Ireland.battle in Ireland.

The Battle of Culloden Moor The Battle of Culloden Moor 17461746

► ‘‘Bonny Prince Bonny Prince Charlie’ – the last Charlie’ – the last Jacobite claimant to Jacobite claimant to the throne was the throne was defeated at the defeated at the Battle of Culloden Battle of Culloden Moor in 1746. Moor in 1746.