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Year 8 HistoryThe Black DeathStarter Sheets
Readings
Year 8 Hist: The Black Death Lesson 1 Cloze passage. Fill in the blanks as we go through the slides.People still didn’t know about Germs and thought many things caused disease:- Bad ___________________________________ Out of __________________________________ Humours Movement of the Sun and __________________________________ God and the __________________________________ Invisible __________________________________and poisonous air
• HUMOUR TEMPER ORGAN NATURE ELEMENT• Black bile Melancholic Spleen Cold Dry _____________• ___________ ___________ Lungs ___________ Water• Blood Sanguine ___________ Warm Wet ___________• ___________ Choleric Gall Bladder Warm Dry Fire
• The ideas people had about the cause of the Black death were pretty ___________________of attitudes towards disease and ___________________ at the time. People held a mixture of natural and supernatural explanations, and so treated illnesses accordingly with a mixture of ___________________ and supernatural remedies.
• Who treated the sick depended on the patient’s ___________________ status. Only the rich could afford a doctor, so women in the home remained ___________________ for treating illness (and midwifery)
• To diagnose the ill, doctors used a ___________________ chart. The process of diagnosis through urine was called ‘uroscopy’. The doctor would check the ___________________ l, colour and density – he might even taste it. This was linked very ___________________ with the Theory of the Four Humours – e.g. very white urine was a sign of too much phlegm in the body.
• Zodiac Charts were used to time the treatment of a patient carefully, and they showed how the ___________________ of the stars affected the human body. If a doctor treated a certain part of the body when the positions of the stars were wrong, the patient could die!
• Simple ___________________ performed – no anaesthetic so still very dangerous. Bleeding was a ___________________ treatment Bleeding charts told the surgeon where to take ___________________ from Warm cups and ___________________ were used to draw the blood out. Rich people were bled regularly to avoid disease – it was thought to ‘clear the ___________________ and strengthen the memory’, amongst other things.
• Most treatment done in the ___________________ (especially as only rich could see the doctor) Women used herbal ___________________, but so did the doctors and priests. Many of these remedies would work (e.g. Plantain, onions, garlic, wine and bulls’ gall were used as antibiotics). These were passed on by word ___________________ as many poor people could not ___________________ or write
• If none of the ___________________ used worked, there was not a lot that people could do except _______________. Superstitious treatments e.g. chants, weird rituals like stuffing a cat with a ___________________ of herbs before roasting it and anointing patient in the drippings.
Year
8 H
ist:
Th
e B
lack D
eath
Lesson
2 R
ead
ing
acti
vit
yR
ead t
he t
wo s
ourc
es
and t
hen a
nsw
er
the q
uest
ions
that
follo
w:
Sourc
e O
ne:
Wh
en
the p
lague d
ied
dow
n 1
00
,00
0 p
eople
had
lost
th
eir
liv
es
-nearl
y a
quart
er
of
Lond
on's
popu
lati
on. That
win
ter
Sam
uel Pe
pys
wro
te in
his
dia
ry t
hat
man
y s
till
refu
sed t
o
buy w
igs
in c
ase
they h
ad
been m
ade f
rom
the h
air
of
pla
gu
e v
icti
ms.
Fort
unate
ly t
his
ep
idem
ic w
as
the last
of
its
kind
in E
ngla
nd. In
crease
d c
leanlin
ess
and t
he e
xte
rmin
ati
on o
f th
e b
lack
rats
by t
he b
row
n r
ats
(w
hic
h d
o n
ot
carr
y t
he p
lague)
meant
that
London's
str
eets
w
ould
never
again
ech
o t
o t
he d
ism
al cr
y: "
Bri
ng
out
you
r dead
".
Sourc
e T
wo:
At
the t
ime o
f th
e R
est
ora
tion, Lo
nd
on h
ad a
pop
ula
tion o
f about
half a
mill
ion p
eople
. It
was
Euro
pe's
larg
est
cit
y. Its
str
eets
were
sti
ll narr
ow
and
usu
ally
dir
ty, as
they h
ad b
een in
Q
ueen E
lizabeth
lIs
day.
A t
err
ible
ep
idem
ic o
f th
e p
lag
ue b
roke
ou
t in
16
65
. O
utb
reaks
of
the p
lag
ue h
ad
occ
urr
ed p
eri
odic
ally
in E
ngla
nd e
ver
sin
ce 1
34
9,b
ut
London
had b
een f
ree o
f it
for
the p
revio
us
thir
ty y
ears
. O
nce
the e
pid
em
ic b
egan
, th
ere
was
littl
e
chance
of
bri
ng
ing it
to a
halt
. Pe
op
le t
hen h
ad n
one o
f th
e v
acc
ines
whic
h w
e h
ave t
oday t
o
fight
dis
ease
s. T
hin
gs
were
mad
e w
ors
e in 1
66
5 b
eca
use
the s
um
mer
was
unusu
ally
hot
and t
he r
ub
bis
h w
hic
h lit
tere
d t
he s
treets
pro
vid
ed b
reedin
g g
round
s fo
r th
e r
ats
an
d fl
eas
whic
h s
pre
ad t
he p
lagu
e.
All
who c
ould
, le
ft t
he c
ity.
Th
e s
treets
were
em
pty
. H
ouse
aft
er
house
would
have a
cro
ss
and t
he w
ord
s "L
ord
have m
erc
y u
pon u
s" o
n t
he d
oor
to s
how
that
som
eon
e insi
de h
ad t
he
pla
gue. A
t nig
ht,
cart
s w
ent
roun
d t
he s
treets
, th
e c
art
ers
calli
ng "
Bri
ng
out
your
dead".
No
one r
eally
kn
ow
s h
ow
man
y p
eople
die
d d
uri
ng t
he o
utb
reak,
whic
h last
ed
in a
ll over
a y
ear,
but
at
the h
eig
ht
of
the e
pid
em
ic t
here
were
more
th
an 7
,00
0 d
eath
s in
London e
very
week.
This
was
the last
gre
at
ou
tbre
ak
of
the p
lague in E
ng
land
, fo
r befo
re long
the g
erm
-carr
yin
g
bla
ck r
at
was
exte
rmin
ate
d b
y t
he b
row
n r
at.
For
each
of
the f
ollo
win
g s
tate
ments
(1
-15
) answ
er
if A
,B,C
or
D is
corr
ect
: There
is
evid
ence
in S
OU
RC
E O
NE a
lon
e t
o s
upport
the s
tate
ment;
There
is
evid
ence
in S
OU
RC
E T
WO
alo
ne t
o s
upport
the s
tate
ment;
There
is
evid
ence
in B
OTH
SO
UR
CES
to s
upport
the s
tate
ment;
There
is
no e
vid
en
ce in
eit
her
SO
UR
CE t
o s
upport
the s
tate
ment.
Be p
repare
d t
o
just
ify y
our
answ
ers
.
1.
The p
lague k
illed larg
e p
art
of
Engla
nd's
popula
tion.
2.
The p
lague w
as
spre
ad b
y b
row
n r
ats
. 3
. The e
vid
ence
is
part
ly b
ase
d o
n t
he r
eport
s of
Sam
uel Pe
pys.
4
. The e
pid
em
ic w
as
the last
of
its
kin
d in E
ngla
nd.
5.
The p
lague h
ad a
ffect
ed E
ngla
nd f
rom
tim
e t
o t
ime b
efo
re 1
66
5.
6.
House
s w
ith p
lague v
icti
ms
were
mark
ed w
ith a
cro
ss.
7.
The s
ym
pto
ms
of
the p
lague w
ere
a r
ed r
ash
follo
wed b
y s
neezi
ng.
8.
"Bri
ng o
ut
your
dead"
was
the c
ry o
f th
e c
art
ers
that
cam
e a
t nig
ht
to t
ake
aw
ay
the d
ead.
9.
The p
lague s
pre
ad f
rom
Engla
nd t
o E
uro
pe.
10
. La
ck o
f cl
eanlin
ess
was
one o
f th
e m
ain
cause
s of
the b
ubonic
pla
gue.
11
. W
e c
an o
nly
make
est
imate
s of
the n
um
ber
who d
ied d
uri
ng t
he p
lague.
12
. M
any p
lague v
icti
ms
were
buri
ed in p
its.
1
3.
The p
lague e
ven c
laim
ed t
he K
ing a
s one o
f it
s vic
tim
s.
14
. The p
lague h
ad a
n e
ffect
on t
he s
ale
of
wig
s.
15
. The r
hym
e "
Rin
g-a
-rin
g a
rose
y,
a p
ock
et
full
ofp
ose
y"
tells
of
the s
ym
pto
ms
and
eventu
al death
fro
m t
he p
lague.
Year
8 H
ist
– Th
e B
lack D
eath
Lesson
3 R
ead
ing
Acti
vit
yH
ow
th
e p
lag
ue s
pre
ad
The p
lague b
egan in _
____
____
____
in t
he 1
32
0s.
It
infe
cted E
uro
peans
in
13
47
as
a r
esu
lt o
f th
e M
ongol si
ege o
f th
e p
ort
of
Caff
a.
Caff
a w
as
defe
nded b
y
merc
hants
and s
ailo
rs f
rom
the _
____
____
____
___
tow
n o
f G
enoa.
The G
enoese
were
defe
ate
d,
but
were
able
to _
____
____
____
____
___
their
tra
de.
They b
rought
the p
lague w
ith t
hem
when t
hey _
____
____
____
____
____
_to
Euro
pe.
When it
beca
me k
now
n t
hat
the G
enoese
sailo
rs w
ere
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
_ w
ith t
he p
lague,
their
ship
s w
ere
gre
ete
d w
ith b
urn
ing
____
____
____
____
____
__ a
nd r
efu
sed e
ntr
y into
any Ita
lian p
ort
s. T
he F
rench
, __
____
____
____
____
_ of
the d
anger,
allo
wed t
he s
hip
s to
bert
h a
t th
eir
port
of
Mars
eill
es.
O
ver
the n
ext
____
____
____
____
_ years
, th
e p
lague s
pre
ad inla
nd t
hro
ughout
____
____
____
of
the c
itie
s, t
ow
ns
and v
illages
of
west
ern
Euro
pe.
Englis
h s
old
iers
on
leave f
rom
the H
undre
d Y
ears
War
carr
ied t
he _
____
____
____
____
___
wit
h t
hem
back
to
Engla
nd in 1
34
8.
arr
ow
s
Ch
ina
con
tin
ue
d
isease
fou
r
in
fecte
d
Ita
lian
most
re
turn
ed
un
aw
are
The p
lague a
rriv
ed in _
____
____
____
_. d
uri
ng t
he s
um
mer
of
____
____
____
_ It
spre
ad v
ery
quic
kly.
Fe
w _
____
____
____
esc
aped.
The C
hurc
hyard
s fille
d u
p w
ith
bodie
s.
At
nig
ht
the d
ead w
ere
pile
d o
n _
____
____
_ and t
ake
n t
o b
e _
____
____
____
____
__
People
watc
hed in h
orr
or
as
their
fam
ilies
and f
riends
die
d a
round t
hem
. B
y t
he e
nd o
f __
____
____
__ t
wo a
nd a
half m
illio
n _
____
____
____
____
_. w
ere
dead.
Peop
le,
Bu
ried
, En
gla
nd
, 1
34
8,
Villa
ges,
Cart
s,
13
50
, B
urn
tC
onte
mpora
ry e
vid
ence
is
availa
ble
to s
how
us
how
the p
eople
of
the d
ay
react
ed t
o t
he P
lague.
Consi
der
the w
ord
s use
d b
y S
am
uel Pe
pys
in h
is d
iary
:
This
day,
much
again
st m
y W
ill,
I did
in D
rury
-lane s
ee t
wo o
r th
ree h
ouse
s m
ark
ed
wit
h a
red c
ross
upon t
he d
oors
, and "
Lord
have m
erc
y u
pon u
s" w
rit
there
- w
hic
h w
as
a s
ad s
ight
to m
e,
bein
g t
he fi
rst
of
that
kin
d t
hat
to m
y r
em
em
bra
nce
I e
ver
saw
. It
put
me into
an ill
conce
pti
on o
f m
yse
lf a
nd m
y s
mell,
so t
hat
I w
as
forc
ed t
o b
uy s
om
e
roll
tobacc
o t
o s
mell
to a
nd c
haw
- w
hic
h t
ook a
way t
he a
ppre
hensi
on.
[House
s in
fect
ed b
y t
he P
lague h
ad t
o h
ave a
red c
ross
one f
oot
hig
h m
ark
ed o
n t
heir
door
and
were
shut
up -
oft
en w
ith t
he v
icti
ms
insi
de.
Tobacc
o w
as
hig
hly
pri
zed f
or
its
medic
inal
valu
e,
esp
eci
ally
again
st t
he P
lague.
It is
said
that
at
Eto
n o
ne b
oy w
as
flogged f
or
bein
g d
isco
vere
d n
ot
smokin
g.
(Sam
uel P
ep
ys d
iary
7th J
un
e 1
66
5)
What
evid
ence
is
there
in S
am
uel Pe
pys
dia
ry o
f people
havin
g s
upers
titi
ous
belie
fs
about
the s
pre
ad o
f th
e P
lague?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
_D
id p
eople
in t
he s
evente
enth
centu
ry d
eal w
ith t
he s
pre
ad o
f dis
ease
in a
sci
enti
fic
manner?
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
_
Year
8 H
ist:
Th
e B
lack d
eath
Lesson
4 B
lack D
eath
dia
ry D
ear
Dia
ry,
Today I a
m g
oin
g t
o t
ell
you a
bout
what
is h
appenin
g in E
ngla
nd a
t th
e m
om
ent
the
year
13
50
. Fi
rstl
y,
the b
lack
death
has
devast
ate
d m
y v
illage
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
___
People
are
suff
eri
ng f
rom
this
really
bad illn
ess
know
n a
s th
e B
_ _
_ _
_ D
_ _
_ _
_, s
om
e
of
the s
ym
pto
ms
are
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
_
There
is
panic
Euro
pe a
s nobody k
now
s w
hat
is c
ausi
ng t
he p
lague.
There
are
lots
of
diff
ere
nt
theori
es
of
what
is c
ausi
ng t
he p
lague s
om
e o
f th
ese
are
__
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
_
People
are
try
ing t
o s
top t
he p
lague b
y u
sing d
iffere
nt
cure
s su
ch a
s __
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
___
____
____
____
____
_
The p
lague h
as
devast
ate
d E
uro
pe (
expla
in h
ow
many p
eople
have d
ied)
Dra
w a
pic
ture
of
anyth
ing t
o d
o w
ith t
he p
lague
