Year 3 - Comprehensive Design - Portfolio

James Michael BrownYear 3 - Comprehensive Design Project

University of Lincoln - 2014

Observing the Fenlands

Response Studio is a platform for an intellectual approach to the pursuit of architectural ideals through cultural and technological investigation and innovation. The aim of the studio is to produce design proposals that are culturally rich, aesthetically pleasing and socially equitable. The idea rests upon the understanding of a building as a system of interrelated and interacting elements within its context, performing usefully throughout its lifetime, responding and adapting to future changes.

The aim of this year’s studio is to develop a study of the Lincolnshire Fens and the Wash, with the principle objective of “observing, learning, monitoring and recording.”

Rural StudyA study was undertaken to explore and analyse the Lincolnshire Fens and the Wash, resulting in a graphical and physical presentation where the research and findings were collated. The study documented the region, the landscape, the local vernacular, and the typology as well as the social, climatic and economic issues affecting the area.

Small Project: Bird Hide + Obseravtion Points SchemeOnce the rural study was established a chosen program was developed on a site of interest identified during the research and analysis period. More specific research about the chosen program and site was undertaken in order to develop a design proposal that responds to the rural context in which it sits while considering appropriate locations and strategies.

Major Building: RAF Holbeach Visitor CentreWith the design philosophy and understanding of the local context developed through the rural study and small project, a brief was developed which identified the most appropriate design strategies and solutions to apply all aspects of the design from inception to completion. A holistic approach to design was encouraged, by addressing rural, cultural, social, economic, environmental, contextual, spatial qualities, materials and technological issues.

Rural Study

I began the rural study by looking at the Lincolnshire Fens as a whole and mapping out the area. This allowed me to look at a number of factors to help narrow down the search for the observatory site. It also helped me to identify a subject for viewing from the observatory. From the study I identified three potential locations to investigate in greater detail.

The study highlighted the flat nature of the land with very few areas of higher land. There are two main towns in the area, Spalding and Boston which are linked by good roads and rail, and are located on the higher land. From The Wash a number of rivers run into the fens. The River Witham runs through Boston and provides access to Boston’s port. The River Welland runs through Spalding and the River Nene runs through the nearby Cambridgshire town or Wisbech. The study also highlighted the amount of water in the area with every field surrounded by drains due to the low lying land, the majority of which is below five metres. I also picked out points of interest such as the derelict windmills which were once used to drain the land, the nature reserves and the airfields in the area.

Freiston Shore

Frampton Marsh

Avocet, Redshank, Skylark, Whimbrel

Avocet, Common Sandpiper, Ringed Plover, Wagtail

Greenshank, Lapwing, Little Egret, Marsh Harrier

Avocet, House Sparrow, Tree Sparrow

Brent Goose, Curlew, Golden Plover, Yelloe Wagtail

Dunlin, Greenshank, Knot, Oystercatcher

Brent Goose, Hen Harrier, Short-Eared Owl, Twite

Brent Goose, Golden Plover, Merlin, Hen Harrier

RAF Holbeach Bombing Range

River Witham

River Welland

The Wash

River Glen

River Nene

A17

A16

A151

A1175

A1101

A16

Fenland

Wisbech

Population: 96000

Population: 14100

Boston Population: 18600

HobholeBank

FreistonShore

FramptonMarsh

Boston Borough Population: 64600

Harrier, Jaguar, Tornado

Mean Age: 41.5

20.3% None

4.6% Poland

19.4% None

Mean Age: 43.4

Country of Birth: 84.9% UK

Unemployment: 4.2% No Qualifications: 32.7%

No Qualifications: 30.8% Unemployment: 4.0%

Country of Birth: 90.4% UK

Religion: 72.3% Christian 3.2% Poland

Boston RoadBrick Pits

Pinchbeck Wood

The ThatchedCottage

Sir Joseph Banks Country Park +

Wesstgate WoodRanyards

Wood

Beech Wood +Grange Wood

MoultonMarsh

RAF HolbeachBombing Range

SurfleetLows

not to scale

Spalding Population: 16800

Arnold’sMeadow

South Holland Population: 88300

Holbeach Population: 3700

The Shrubberies

Religion: 71.1% Christian

A

Site

B

C

A52

A1121

0 1 2 3 4 5km 10km

p2Rural Study

Pre 17thC Fields - Irregular Shape

Fields Drained 17th-19thC - Rectalinear

below sea level

0-5m

5-10m

Wind Farm

Wildlife Trust Nature Reserve

Habitat Restoration Target Areas

+2m Sea Level

Reserve

RSPB Reserve

Water

Rail

Road

Overhead Electrical Cables

Local Authority Boundary

Windmill

Woodland Trust

Landsccape Corridor

Secondary Landsccape Corridor

Active Airfield

Disused Airfield

RAF Bombing Range

Port

Potential Site Ap3

St Mark’s Church

Gedney Drove End

Gedney Dawsmere

Holbeach Marsh

Gedney Marsh

Control Tower

Bombing Range

Bombing Range

Bombing Range

H

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1km 2km

scale 1:25000

Walk

Bombing Range

Helipad

Public House

Church

H

p4Potential Site A

St Mary Magdalene’s Church

Jaguar

Merlin

Merlin

Wheater

Black Redstart

Brent Goose

Redshank Curlew

Samphire

Sea Lavernder Plover

Peregrine Tornado

F-15 Strike Eagle

Marsh Harrier

Bombing Range Target

Barn Owl

Seal

RAF Holbeach Control Tower

The first area I looked at in more detail was around the village of Gedney Drove End. The area was of interest to me due to the nearby active RAF Holbeach bombing range. The marsh the bombing range is situated on is also the home to a number of birds and different wildlife. All of which provided excellent subjects for an observatory. This was eventually the area I chose for the site of the observatory.

Potential Site Bp5

Seadike Mill

Brunswick Mill

Harrison’s Mill

Sneath’s Mill

Gedney Station

St Mary Magdalene’s Church

St Nicholas’s Church

St Mary’s Church Long Sutton

Lutton

Gedney

Chapelgate

Fleet Hargate

Gedney Dyke

The Shrubberies

Hovenden House Fleet Marsh

Holbeach Marsh

Lutton Marsh

Gedney Fen

Fleet Fen

UnityGardens

Canebuzo

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1km 2km

scale 1:25000

Nursery

Caravan Park

Gedney Water Tower

Butterfly Park and Falconry

Campsite

Solar Park

Public House

Church

p6Potential Site B

Seadike Mill

Brunswick Mill

Harrison’s Mill

Sneath’s Mill

Gedney Water Tower

Gedney Station

St Mary Magdalene’s Church St Nicholas’s Church

St Mary’s Church

Carbon Neutral Business Zone

Unity Gardens

Solar Park

The second area was around the town of Long Sutton. The area contained a number of derelict windmills and a Wildlife Trust nature reserve. On further inspection I also discovered a butterfly park and interesting case studies by a local architect. SEArch architects are responsible for a number of sustainble developments in the area along with a solar park which provides energy for the town.

Potential Site Cp7

Cowbit

Peak HillDeeping Fen

Spalding South Fen

Cowbit Fen

Cowbit Wash

River Welland

Church of St Mary

Cowbit WindmillFens for the Future - Habitat Restoration Target Area

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1km 2km

scale 1:25000

Nursery

Public House

Church

Piggery

Telecommunications Mast

Cowbit Windmill

Piggery Telecommunications Mast

Church of St Mary

River Welland

p8Potential Site C

The final area was near to the village of Cowbit. Cowbit wash and the areas along the River Welland are target areas for habitat restoration and so provided potential for a development to encourage wildlife back to the area and return some of the farmland to the fenland of the past.

Gedney Drove End

Control Tower

Climate

Proposed Observatory Site

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Holbeach Weather Station

Bombing Range Targets

Sites

Masterplan Area

Road Public Footpath Water/Drain

Flight Direction High Tide

1

2

3

rainfall (mm)

wind directionprevailing wind - SW

sun path

1st July

1st January

day

night

temperature (oC)

jan

feb m

ar

apr m

ay

jun

jul

max ave

min ave

aug

sep oct

nov

dec

4

5

6

89

1011

1213

14

vehicular approach to site

15

19 2021

22

16

17 18

7ab

3

5

4

7

8

9

Gedney Drove End19

2018

17

16

15

14

21 22

a

b

Site Analysisp9

Having settled on the area for the site and the subject of the observatory I needed to chose where the observatory and small projects would go.

I visited the area and chose a site with good links to the main roads. The site is positioned on the marsh with views towards the bombing range and out over the marsh.

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p10Site Photos

unemployed

Local Vernacular + Gedney Ward Statisticsp11

roof - usually slate, pantile, or corrugated metal sheets

example of the local vernacular at Gedney Drove End

newer buildings continue to use brick and corrugated metal as the main exterior material

brick

corrugated metal

sash windows

23511176 1175

Religion

Nationality

Age Structure

Population

90

68

526588

147

110204

agriculture

education

admintransportconstruction

manufacturing

health

retail

1165425

519

u18

18-29

30-64

65+

242

2216221571589

English

Scottish

Welsh

Nothern Irish

IrishOther

42.5% No Qualifications

28.8%No Passport

70.8% Christian18.9% No Religion0.6% Muslim0.1% Hindu0.1% Sikh

Marital Status

Married57.1%71.5%

23.6%Single

Living in a CoupleEmployment

225

223

37471

66

557part-time

self-employed

retiredstudent

full-time

Industry

The Local Vernacular architecture for the area is, in general made up of brick structures. In the case of farm buildings these often have later extensions constructed from corrugated steel. The roofs are are in general slate or pantiles.

A

Observatory Site

main approach

F & G

D

C

E

H

B

Extends out from the sea bank and points north to give views of the aeroplanes flying overhead and using the bombing range.

Extends out from the sea bank and gives views of the sea and the marsh below.

Gives extended 3600 views.Positioned at the mid-point between the observatory and the southern most hide.

Rises above the sea bank to give extended views of the marshland and out to sea.Positioned at approach point to attract visitors.


Postioned in the marsh to give a more intimate interaction with the wildlife.


300

m

500

m

300m

500

m

500

m

500

m

600

m

p12Observatory + Brid Hide Scheme

The Observatory is positioned at the northern most point of the proposed development, and is desgined for viewing the aircraft and the bombing range.

Along the sea defences are a number of proposed bird hides and observation points for looking out over the marsh and farmland at the local wildlife.

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photovoltaic panels to provide electricity

photovoltaic panels to provide electricity

rain water harvesting to provide water for the wc

water stored behind wc within the steel frame

lower observation room gives views of

the marshland and out to sea lift giving disabled

access to all floors

steel frame designed to minimise interuption

in the lanscape

electricity stored inside box in the steel frame

higher observation room gives views

inland across farmland

brick + corrugated steel facade inkeeping with the local vernacular

Bird Hide +Observation PointSite E Proposal

Site E is one of the proposed observation points. It marks the midpoint of the proposed development, and as such is slightly larger than the others. It consists of two observation rooms looking in opposite directions, one out towards the sea and one over the farmland. The structure is off-grid with power coming from photovoltaic panels positioned on the roof. The water needed for the wc is provided through rain water collection.

Northscale 1:100

Eastscale 1:100


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p14Elevations

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Southscale 1:100

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abcdef

A-A C-C B-B

Sectionp17

Section

Scale 1:100

p18Visuals

South Approach North Approach

Approach from the main roadSecond Floor

• cafe with seating for 25 people

• bomb museum

• observation rooms giving views of bombing range and the plane approaches

• existing situation - viewing takes place in cars or on foot leading to restricted views

Observatory Briefp19

ObservatoryCurrently there are a number of people who visit the nearby area to view the aircraft as they use the bombing range. However there is currently nowhere that offers protection from the elements and so viewers stay in their cars meaning they have restricted views of the aircraft with the range not being visible at all.

The observatory consists of a museum detailing the history of the bombing range and the bombs used on it. There is a cafe catering to the buildings visitors but also anyone using the public footpath along the sea bank. It also contains a number of different viewing areas to cater for differing visitors.

• rainwater harvesting from rooftops and lanscaping for use as grey water

• natural ventilation

• solar shading

• solar panels

• heat recovery system

• concentrated solar still to provide fresh water

• thin film photovoltaic cells

• wind turbines

• photovoltaic panels

water cooling + heating power

p20Off Grid

From the early stages of the project I wanted the observatory to be off grid. Due to there being few structures nearby attaching the building to the mains could be difficult. The site offers unobstructed lines of site to harness sunlight and with it being on the coast offers wind all year round. The sea water on the marsh also had the potential to be used for fresh water if treated.

Quality of Spacep21

The museum is designed to be a relatively dark environment so as to not glamourise the bomb on display. Sky lights offer lighting for the displays which will hang from the ceiling. The large window at the end will provide views of the bombing range with the smaller windows offering glimpses of the aircraft as they approach.

scale 1:10000

125m site250m500m1km

2km

Gedney Drove End

p22Context

bombing range

aircraft approach

cafe museum observation rooms public space private spaceMassing Studyp23

The design of the observatory developed from early massing studies. Below shows how development progressed with the final building to the right.

concrete

timber

burnt tim

ber

brick

p24Material Study

I looked at using a number of different materials for the observatory and settled on concrete because of its aesthetic feel and its durability.


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p26South/Elevations

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scale 1:200

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scale 1:1250

parking

vehicular access

public footpath

northPlans/Sitep29

The site is positioned within the bend of the sea defences. The main entrance cuts through the sea bank offering disabled access from the car park to the building.

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scale 1:200 north

• floodable basement

p30Basement/Plans

The basement of the building is designed to take on water when the building floods. This will help to protect other parts of the building from flooding whilst also providing storage for the salt water before treatment.

scale 1:200 north

1. main entrance2. museum3. wc4. plant room5. office

• entrance from car park

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The cafe is positioned on the south west corner of the building level with the sea wall. This is to take advantage of any walkers that are using the public footpath.

The Upper Ground floor also contains the majority of the observatories services to protect them from water damage if the building floods.

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• entrance from sea bank

• entrance from sea bank

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1. roof

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8

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s2s2

s1

s3

s3 s4

s4



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scale 1:200 north

1. observation room

1.

Plans/3rdp37

original scale 1:50

section s2

p38s2/Perspective Section

Perspective Section/s4p39

scale 1:200

section s4


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scale 1:200

section s1

section s3

scale 1:200

p40s1 & s3/Sections

Exterior Visualp41

p42North Approach

South Approachp43

p44Museum - Lower Ground Floor

Museum - 2nd Floorp45

p46Museum - 2nd Floor

Cafep47

p48Observation Room

natural ventilation

air drawn into the staircases and released at the top

rain water harvesting

rain water collected from rooftops for use as greywater

Environmental Systemsp49

desalination

salt water collected in the floodable basement, treated

using reverse osmosis to provide fresh water

power

photovoltaic panels positioned on the south facing roofs

p50Environmental Systems


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steel pile foundation

waterproof concrete slab for basement to retain water for desalination

waterproof concrete retaining walls

concrete slab

structural glazing

concrete cladding

black corrugated steel

corten steel frame

steel frame

Structurep51


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p52Details


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• concrete filled steel pile

• earth

• waterproof concrete

scale 1:10

• lean concrete

• bitumen paint


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• concrete cladding

• bitumen paint

• earth

• waterproof concrete


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scale 1:10

• service gap

• insulation

• steel

• concrete tile

• osb

• dpm

Documents

Year 3 - Comprehensive Design - Portfolio