YEAR 10 SCIENCE

EXAMINATION - SEMESTER 2, 2019

MULTIPLE-CHOICE - PART A

AND SHORT ANSWERS - PART B

STUDENT NAME:

TEACHER NAME:

DATE:

MARKS ALLOCATION

Topic Section Marks

Genetics & Evolution Multiple Choice /15

Short Answer questions /40

Earth & Space Multiple Choice /15

Short Answer questions /40

Total 110

USE ATTACHED ANSWER GRID FOR MULTIPLE CHOICE

TIME ALLOWED FOR THIS EXAM: Reading time before commencing work: 10 minutes

Working time for this paper: 1 hour 50 minutes

MATERIAL REQUIRED / RECOMMENDED FOR THIS PAPER: To be provided by the supervisor: - This question and answer booklet

To be provided by the candidate: - Pens, pencils, eraser and ruler -

IMPORTANT NOTE TO CANDIDATES:

No other items may be taken into the examination room. It is your responsibility to ensure that you do not have any unauthorised notes or other items of a non-personal nature in the examination room. If you have any unauthorised material with you, hand it to the supervisor BEFORE reading any further. All iPads and mobile phones must be turned off and in your bag along with any other devices and notes. Bags are to be closed and placed under the desk.

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES: 1. Read through the paper, Part A and Part B, to familiarise yourself with all the questions.

2. Use a blue or black ballpoint / ink pen for written answers. Use pencil for drawing the graph.

3. Write your answers in the booklets.

4. Should you require more space than you have been given please use the spare sheet (at the back of this booklet) and ensure that you include your name and the question / statement to which you are responding.

AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION:

- Any planning sheets or other pieces of paper MUST be handed in with this booklet. - At the end of the examination make sure that your name is on your booklet and any other

pieces of paper used.

Do not turn the page until asked to do so

Name: ________________________________________

Semester 2 Yr. 10 Science Exam Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Circle the letter indicating the best answer.

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE-CHOICE (1 mark each)

CHOOSE AND CIRCLE THE LETTER WHICH BEST FITS THE STATEMENT OR QUESTION.

1. The DNA molecule:

a) Is a long thread-like structure that looks like a twisted ladder

b) Contains bases arranged in complementary pairs

c) Is referred to as a double helix

d) All of the above are correct

2. A typical human cell contains:

a) One sex chromosome only

b) 46 pairs of chromosomes

c) 23 individual chromosomes

d) 23 pairs of chromosomes

3. A gamete produced by meiosis has:

a) The same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

b) Twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

c) Half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

d) No chromosomes at all

4. DNA is made up of building blocks called nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains:

a) A phosphate and a base b) A sugar and a base c) A phosphate, sugar and a base d) A nitrogen, sugar and a base

5. Gametes are:

a) normal cells like muscle and brain cells

b) sex cells, sperm or eggs (ova)

c) another name for chromosomes

d) part of a strand of DNA

6. Which of the following is true for both mitosis and meiosis?

a) occurs in all body cells

b) involves cell replication

c) produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

d) produces four daughter cells per division

7. When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are eliminated. Which part of Darwin's theory of evolution may be used to describe this situation?

a. acquired characteristics

b. convergent evolution

c. survival of the fittest

d. speciation due to mutations

8. The type of cells that might be used in the future to treat diseases such as cancer and multiple sclerosis as well as spinal cord injuries, are:

a. embryonic stem cells

b. nerve cells

c. sex cells

d. adult stem cells

9. Evolution by natural selection occurs as a result of:

a. gene flow between generations

b. selecting individuals with desirable traits and breeding them

c. competition between individuals with different traits

d. mutation within a species

10. Similar structures in different species that do different jobs (e.g. human hand and bats wing), are said to be:

a. mutations

b. adaptations

c. homologous

d. variations

11. The evolution of a species by natural selection would be expected to occur fastest in organisms that:

a. live in a stable environment and reproduce rapidly

b. live in a stable environment and reproduce slowly

c. live in a changing environment and reproduce rapidly

d. live in a changing environment and reproduce slowly

12. Australia has a vast collection of marsupials amongst its native animals. Scientists use the theory of continental drift to explain the location of similar marsupials in:

a. South America

b. Africa

c. Arctic

d. Indonesia

13. Based on natural selection, predators can benefit to their prey by: a. stressing the prey population and preventing them from becoming lazy

b. removing the weak and sick.

c. stopping the population exceeding its food supply.

d. selecting the healthiest prey as food

14. Fossils that show intermediate states, between an ancestral form and that of its descendants, are referred to as:

a. alternative fossils

b. transitional fossils

c. strata fossils

d. trace fossils

15. Comparative morphology is comparison of the:

a. depth of the strata in which the fossil was found

b. structures of living animals that are no longer used

c. age of fossils

d. anatomies of different organisms

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS: Earth & Space

16. The difference between the Greenhouse effect and the enhanced greenhouse effect is:

a. The enhanced effect results in lower temperatures initially followed by higher

temperatures that may reach extreme levels

b. The enhanced effect involves different gases to the greenhouse effect

c. The enhanced effect is caused by human activity

d. The enhanced effect is a natural phenomenon

17. Wind is caused by differences in air pressure, mainly as a result of:

a. Earth’s rotation

b. the gravitational pull of the Moon

c. unequal heating of Earth’s surface

d. Earth’s magnetic field

18. Bacteria, found in the root nodules of legumes, are essential in the cycling of:

a. water

b. nitrogen

c. oxygen

d. phosphorus

19. The most damaging effect of the permafrost melting would be:

a. the release of large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere

b. having nowhere to ski anymore

c. sea levels rising due to the extra water

d. massive changes to the world’s tides

20. Which of Earth’s sphere is the outermost layer, which merges with space?

a. The lithosphere

b. The exosphere

c. The mesosphere

d. The stratosphere

21. Plants make their own food from CO2 and water. This process is called:

a. Respiration

b. Photosynthesis

c. Carbon sinking

d. Carbonification

22. The Nitrogen cycle relies on different types of bacteria. These include

a. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria only b. Denitrifying bacteria only c. Carbon and nitrogen fixing bacteria d. Both denitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria

23. “When a star explodes and releases bright light and energy, it is called a:

a. Main separation

b. Black hole

c. Supernova

d. Quasar

24. Our Sun is part of the galaxy known as:

a. the milky way.

b. Orion.

c. Proxima Centauri.

d. Andromeda.

25. The change in wavelength of sound waves emitted from a moving sound source is known as:

a. The Doppler effect

b. Red shift

c. Einstein’s equation

d. Hubble’s Law

26. The colour of a star depends on:

a. its age

b. its size

c. how far away it is

d. its surface temperature

27. If the radius of the Earth's orbit is known, the distance to star A can be calculated by measuring X.

….X is called the:

a. parallax angle

b. apparent magnitude angle

c. absolute magnitude scale

d. radius of the Earth’s orbit

28. Cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is evidence for the:

a. Cyclic theory of the universe

b. Big crunch theory of the universe

c. Big Bang theory of the universe

d. Steady state theory of the universe

29. The conclusion from Hubble’s Law is that:

a. we are at the centre of the Universe

b. the more distant galaxies are travelling the fastest

c. everything is moving away from Earth

d. the further a galaxy is away from Earth, the slower its speed

30. On the Hertzsprung-Russel diagram below:

the diagonal line from top left to bottom right represents the……

a. main separation

b. red giants

c. star sequence.

d. main sequence

SHORT ANSWERS – Biology PART B

1 - Write the correct Keyword to match its definition (spelled correctly) (10 marks)

homologous gene Zygote Gamete Somatic cell

Vestigial structure

Gene flow

Adaptation Evolution Selection pressure

Key word Definition

Reproductive or sex cells

A structure in an organism that no longer has an apparent purpose.

Used to describe members of each matching pair of chromosomes

A characteristic or behaviour of a species that allows it to survive and reproduce more effectively.

Segment of DNA molecule that codes for a particular trait.

Gradual change in the genetic material of a population of organisms over a period of time.

Cells of the body that are not sex cells

Environmental factors that affect an organisms ability to survive.

Genes will flow from one generation to the next or one population to the next as different families or groups in the population choose partners and mate.

Formed by the fusion of a sperm and egg

2- Complete the table to compare the two types cell divisions- mitosis or meiosis using the following terms

four, somatic, diploid, haploid, two, gamete

Mitosis Meiosis

Types of cells produced

Chromosome number

Number of daughter cells

(3 marks)

3- The diagrams below show the stages occurring during one type of cell division.

a) Using the information you provided in the table above name which type of cell division is shown

and explain why?

(2 marks)

4- Name the four nucleotides found in DNA – (correct spelling is important) _________________________ ____________________________ _________________________ ____________________________

(2 marks)

5- Look at the pattern of inheritance shown in the pedigree diagram below, and describe the type of inheritance that is shown

(2 marks) _________________________________________

6 - The karyotype below is of an individual that has a chromosomal mutation. Discuss how this type of chromosomal mutation occurs due to non-disjunction. In your answer:

a identify and explain whether this individual is male or female

b identify and explain the syndrome this individual has

• describe what non-disjunction is and how non-disjunction can lead syndromes, such as

the one shown in the karyotype.

a) Sex of individual is _____________ because _________________ (1 mark)

b) The syndrome is called _________________ because _________________________________ (1 mark)

c) Explain what Non- disjunction is …. (2 marks)

d) Describe the difference between a mutation and mutagen. (2 marks)

7- What was the name of the supercontinent that contained the continents of India, Africa, South

America, Antarctica and Australia? (1 mark)

8- Give two examples of situations in which a population of a species becomes reproductively isolated

from other species. (2 marks)

9. A native garden is covered in brown mulch to protect it from extreme conditions. Two weeds, one with a small dull brown leaf and the other with a large bright green leaf, try to grow on the brown mulch. The gardener is busy and only pulls out a single weed (the first one he notices) every few days. Over a period of two months he finds brown weeds have taken over the garden. Explain how this might have occurred.

(2 marks)

10. Name two molecules that can be compared to determine if a recent common ancestor exists.

(2 marks)

11. Explain how similar marsupials, which can’t fly or swim, are found in both South America and Australia.

(2 marks)

12. Give examples and compare the concepts of analogous structures and homologous structures which can evolve in different organisms over time. (6 marks)

Analogous structures Homologous structures

Example: Why do these types of structures evolve in different organisms

Example Why do these types of structures evolve in different organisms

Earth & Beyond Questions - PART B (continued).

13 - Write the correct Keyword to match its definition (spelled correctly) (10 marks)

Milky Way Doppler effect

Enhanced global warming

Big Bang cosmic microwave background radiation

absorption spectrum climate

supernova Biodiversity carbon sink

Key word Definition

the theory that the universe began from a hot, dense state at some time in the past, from when it has continued to expand and will continue to do so into the future.

an explosive death of a star

this is a barred spiral galaxy that contains our solar system

form of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave spectrum left over from the formation of the Universe; evidence of the Big Bang theory

a spectrum with lines missing from the pattern; the opposite of an emission spectrum because the element has absorbed its characteristic light wavelengths and removed them from the spectrum.

the apparent change in wavelength (or frequency) when the source of the waves or the observer is moving; responsible for the red shift of distant stars

any feature of the environment that absorbs and/or stores carbon

an increased level of global warming caused by the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere

weather conditions at a particular place over a long period of time based on the collection and analysis of large amounts of data

the variety of life; the different plants, animals and microorganism and the ecosystems they live in

14 - List the two pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory. (2 marks)

15 - Two stars in the night sky appear to be the same brightness.

Are they the same distance from Earth?……. Explain your answer? (2 marks)

16 - Figure 6.16 shows the Absorption spectra observed from three stars.

Star A is at a fixed distance from the Earth, whereas stars B and C are moving.

17 - Circle the correct answer for question an and b

a - Star B or Star C, is moving away from the Earth…….

b – …. because the absorption lines show a Red shift or Blue shift (2 marks)

Question 17 continued…..

- The example of a police siren appearing to change pitch – is a similar phenomena to blue or red

shift,

a) what is the “effect” called ________________________________

b) when and when / why does the sirens “pitch” appear to change?

(2 marks)

18 As a star undergoes nuclear fusion, it releases energy in the form of light. The outer layers of

gas surrounding the star - contain chemical elements that will absorb specific wavelengths of

light energy. This causes dark lines in the spectrum of light that leaves the star.

a) What are these dark bands called, _______________________

b) what information do they tell us about stars?

(2 marks)

19 A different kind of spectrum is recorded from a gas cloud (Nebula) called an “Emission

Spectrum “that gives scientists information about what elements the gas cloud is made up of.

Explain (referring to electrons and electron shells) what causes an “emission spectrum” and what

information and facts scientists can learn and prove by observing and studying emission

spectra from a nebula.

(5 marks)

20 - In the atmosphere, oxygen is formed through UV light converting water to oxygen and hydrogen as

shown in the diagram below.

A- Name the process, labelled X on the diagram, ___________________________

B- write a balanced chemical symbol equation for this reaction.

_______________ + Energy _________________ + _________________

(3 marks)

21 - How do photosynthesis and respiration contribute to the oxygen cycle?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________ (2 marks)

22 - Explain how the clearing and burning of rainforests contributes to the enhanced greenhouse effect.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________

(2 marks)

16 In the atmosphere, oxygen is formed through UV light converting water to oxygen and hydrogen as

shown in the diagram below. ( 3 marks)

A- Name the process, labelled X on the diagram , ___________________________

B- write a balanced chemical symbol equation for this reaction.

__________________ + ___________________ à _________________ + _____________________

17 How do photosynthesis and respiration contribute to the oxygen cycle? ( 2 marks)

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

X

23 - Name and explain the role of one type of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle.

(3 marks)

24 - Using Coral reef ecosystems as an example - describe how global warming can lead to coral bleaching

and then further to a loss of species biodiversity. (5 marks)

Spare sheet.

***END OF EXAMINATION***