MILITARY TRIBUNAL NO.

Case No.10

The United States of America

against

Alfreid Krupp et al, Defendants

BASIC INFORMATION SUMMARY

Submitted by the

CH IEF' OF COUNSEL FOR WAR CRIMES

Nurnberg; Germany

INDEX

16

25

Preface . .

I. GLOSSARY

Part I.. Abbreviations

Part II. Terms with Translations .

II. Organization of German EconomicControls- With Particular Reference

to the Iron and Steel and the CoalIndustries

A. Private and Semi-Public Bodies.

1. Pre-Hitler Germany.

a. Industrial Associations

b. Market Regulating Associations , 26

Changes under the Third Reich

a. Industrial Associations 0 0 28

b. Market Regulating Associations • •

B. Government Economic Agencies

1. Military Economic Agencies othe Wehrmacht . . 4 •

2. The Ministry of EconomicsEconomic RWM 37

3. The Office o f the Four Year Plan(Vierjahresplan) . . 39

4. Central Planning Board (ZentralePlanung)

5. The Speer Ministry . 4O

6. Reich Ministry of Labor (Reichsarbeits-ministerium. - RAM) .

The Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation(Generalbevollmaechtigtor fuer denArbeitseinsatz)

43

III. Forms of German Business Enterprises

A. Comparisons with American Forms andAmerican Law

B. German Enterprises which are JuristicPersons1. Aktiengesellschaft (A.G.)2. Gesellschaft mit beschrankter Haftung (C.m.b.H.) 49

3. Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft .. 50

C. German Enterprises which are notJuristic Persons

1. The Einzelhamdelsfirma (Private Firm)2. Offene Handelsgesellschaft (c.H.G.)3. Kommanditgesellschaft (K.G.)

D. Combinations of German BusinessEnterprises

1. "Konzern" (Concern) . . , 4 . .

2. "Interessen Gemeinschaft"9 e

c f

*

i

4,

.

.

*

+

. ^

y. ♦

4

e

4

52

53

53

53

45.

l5

59

■

"Kartell" (Cartel) .

"Syndikat" (Syndicate). .

Special Statutory Cartels . .

Corporate Affiliations under GormanTax Law- (the "Schachtel -PrivilLege")

History, Structure and Organization ofFried, Krupp

A. Historical Outline of ' the Krupp 'Family and Enterprise to 1914 .

Corporate and Plant Structure

1. Changes. in Form . . . .

-ii--

. k G

2. Relationship of the Governing Bodies

Structure of the Complex

Plant Section of Fried Krupp

0, Daughter Companies . . . . . .

C. Smaller Subsidiaries . . . . . .

d. Mines . . . . . . .

e. Plants in Occupied Territories

a

63

636404

f. Foreign Agencies and Subsidiaries 611C. Management Organization

1. General Organization . . . . . 662. Vorstand 67

3 Deputies and Dezernents , 68

L Minor Departments * 69

5. Gruppenvorstand . . • • • \ • • • • 696. Parallel Organization . o * • • • I 69

Abwehrbeauftragter (Counter-IntelligenceAgent) . . . .. . ... . . 0 a 0 0 ... 70 70

Fuehrer des Betriebes and Batriebs-fuehrer . . . . . . . . . . 70 70

9. Plants outside Essen .. . • • • . . . 72

10. Plants in Occupied Territory . . . . . 72

V, Map, Charts and 'Tables

A. Reich Plants. .75

B. Principal Companies . • • . . . . • • .. , • 76C. Management, 1934-36 .. . . . . . • 77 77i

D, Management, 1936-37 . . . . . . . . 78

E. Management, 1937-38 • • • . . . . . . 79

79

Menbership A,G. Essen

Membership-,Essen

Aufsichtsrat, Fried, Krupp

Fried; Krupp A,G.,Vorstand,

91

F. Management, 1938-41

G. Management, 1941-42

H. Management, Apr. 1945- Dec. 1943

J. Management, 1943-45

K. Memberships in Some Governing Bodies

Membership, Vorstand Fried., KruppGrus onwerkc A.G.., Magdeburg

4. Membership, Aufsichtsrat, ;'uerUnternehmungen der Eisen und Stall-industrie, Berlin

5. Membershj.p, Aufoiohtsrat, Fried. Krupp,Germaniawerft A.G., Kiel . . • •

6, Membership Vorstand, Fried.. Krupp,Germaniawer3ft., G.., Kiel . . •

7., Membership, Aufsichtsrat, Fried,Grusonwerke, A.G., Magdeburg

8. Membership, Vorstand, A.G. fuer Unter-nehmungen der Eisen und Stahlindustrie

This Basic Information. Summary is submitted as a ready

reference manual of background and organizational materiale

Some of the items, i.e. the charts, will be offered in evidence

at the proper tine, as will, also, documents and testimony sup-

porting all matters relevant to the issues to be tried. It is not

intended that the Basic information Summary itself be considered

as evidence.

There were constant changes in the economic structure

of Nazi Germany. New bodies and agencies were created to meet new

problems, and functions were shifted from one to another, often

without clear lines of demarcation or authority. The part

Organization of German Economic Controls contains b rief

descriptions of the more important private and semi-public bodies

and government agencies concerned with the control of military

and war economy in Germany before and during the period of the

Third Reich. A number of bodies and agencies have been omittied,

since they are not directly involved in the present proceedings.

However, by no means all of those which are so involved orso de-

cribed herein and the secti on on Government

is confined almost entirel y to the period of the Third Reich.

Forms of German Business Enterprise is based upon several

sources, including the teachings and and practice of G erman law, and

on standa rd works, particularly:

Erich Fechner , DIE TREUBINDUNGEN DES AKTIONAERS(Weimar: Verlag Hermann Boehlaus Nachfolger, 1942).

Robert Liefmann, KARTELLE, KONZERNE- UND TRUSTS, (Stuttgart: Ernst Heinrich Moritz, 1930),

Robert Teichmann und Walter Koehler-. AKTIENGESETZ,Konmentar (Berlin: Verlag Franz Vahlem, 1939)0

The information on which the Historical Outline is

based was obtained chiefly from the following works:

KRUPP, A CENTURY'S HISTORY OF THE KRUPP WORKS,1812-1912 (English language edition of theCommemorative. Volume edited by the Krupp Works,1912)*

Wilhelm Berdrow, THE KRUPPS (Berlin. Verlag fuerSozialpolitik, Wirtschaft und Statistik, 1937).The German language editions, 1937 and 1943,are entitled ALFRED KRUPP The author was headof the historical department of Fried, Krupp,Essen.

Bernhard Manne, BLOOD AND STEEL (Now York: LeeFurman, Inc " 1938); British ) English languageedition, 1937, entitled KRUPP, THE LORDS OFESSEN,

The sections on Corporate and Plant Structure and ,

Map, Charts and Tables outline the structure and how the

individual defendants fitted into it. The outline does

not attempt to define the nature of the organization of

KRUPP in relation to many of the subsidiary enterprises

which were owned, controlled or influenced by it; nor does

it attempt to describe all of the internal organizational

arrangements within the parent enterprise,

VI

PART. I.

ABBREVIATIONS with Explanations and Translations

English)

Abteilungsvorsteher

Arbeitsgemeinschaftdeutscher Betriebsin-genieure

Einkauf

All Einkauf AllgemeineAbteilung

Abt.V

ADB

AEF Ausschuss fuer Ein-heiten u. Formalgroessen

AEL Arbeitserziehungslager

Artillerie Konstruktion

AKS Artillerie KonstruktionAkten

AlMb Allgemeiner Maschinenbau

Alna Allgemeiner Lokomotive--Normenausschuss

Anltg. Anleitung

APP I Apparatebau IAPPA Apparatebau

AR Abteilung f. Rechnungs-wesen und Statistik imEinkauf

ATL Arbeitsgemeinschaft Tech-nik in der Landwirtschaft

Ausf. Ausfertigung

AWF .Ausschuss fuer wirt-schaftliche Fertigung

Abnahmezentrale

Purchasing Department

General Purchasing Department

Department Chief

Working Community ofGerman Plant engineers

Committee for standards andformulas

Disciplinary 'Labor Camp

Artillery Designing

Artillery Designingfiles

General mechanicalengineering

General Locomotive. StandardsCommittee

Instructions

Instrument workshop I.

Instrument Construction

Accountancy and StatisticsSection of the PurchasingDepartment

Working Community for Techno-logy in Agriculture

Copy

Committee for economicalmanufactiure

Inspection department

BA

BagkoBB1

BID hBBR

Bem.

Werksbuecherei

BankabteilungBaggerbaur-Konstruction

Baubuero

Betriebsbuchhalterei

Bergbau und Bergbaurohastoffe

Bemerkung

Works library

Banking Department

Dredger-Designing Department

Civil Engineering Office

Plant Bookkeeping Office

Mining and raw materialsfor mining

Designing of Sheet MetalProducts

Note

Beko Blechbearbeitungskon-struktion

BERG Fachnormen des Bergbaues

Bet ab Betriebsabrechnungsbuero

Blechbearbeitungs-Werkstatt

BfA Buero fuer-Arbeiter-angelegenheiten

BfAv Buero fuer Angesteliten-versicherung

Bft Brief telegramm

BH Buecherhalle

BHO Berg undHHuettengesellschaft Ost

B1 Blechpresserei

BLN Berlin

Blw

Blwst

b .R.

Blechwalzwerk

Blechwerkstaette

bitte Ruecksprache

Buch Buchhaltung derBetriebsbuchhalterei

BW Besuchswesen

Technical Standards for theMining Industry

Plant accounting office

Sheet Metal ProcessingWorkshop

Workers relations' office

Employees° insurance office

Letter telegram

Library

Berg- und Huettengesell-schaff Ost

Sheet metal pressing shop

Abbr. for Krupp ' s Berlinoffice

Sheet Metal Bolling Mill

Sheet Metal Workshop

Consultation requested

Bookkeeping Office forPlant Accounts

Visitors Department

Bewe

- 3 -

Datsch Deutscher Ausschussfuer technisches Schul—wesen

German Committee fortechnical Education

Deutsche Revisions und.Treuhand A.G.

Printed matter Administration

Standards of the GermanAssociation for testingof technical materials

Wire—rolling mill

Deutsche Waffen- undMunitions A.G.

D.R.u. Deutsche Revisions- undT.AG. Treuhand A. G.

Druekschriftenverwaltung

DVM Fachnormen des DeutschenVerbandes fuer die

Ma-terialpruefungen derTechnik

Drahtwalzwerk

DWM — AG Deutsche Waffen— und- Munitions A.G.

D'dorf Duesseldorf Abbr. for "Duesseldorf"

DENOG

DIN DNA

Dr A

D. R. G. M.

D.R.P.

Fachnormen des DuetschenGesellschaft fuer ehe—misches Apparatewesen

Deutsche Industrie—Norm

Deutscher Normen Aus—schuss

Druckluftanlagen

Deutsches Reichsge-brauchsmuster

(angemeldet)Deutsches Reichspatent(angemeldet)

Technical Standards of theGerman Society for Chemi-cal Apparatus

German industrial standards

German Standards Committee

Compressed Air Plants

German registered design

German Reich patent(applied for)

E Eisenbahnverwaltung

Erzbuero

Ebau Eisenbahnbau

Ebe Eisenbahnbetrieb

Railroad Administration

Ore department

Railroad Construction

Railroad Service

4--

Edlag Edelstahllager

Eila Eisenlager

Ela Electrische Anlagen

Refined steel Warehouse

Iron Warehouse

Department for electricinstallations

Engerer Lokomotiv-Normen.Ausschuss

ELW Elektrostahlwerk

Eteb EisenbahntechnischesBuero

E.V.O. Eisen Eisenvereinigung

Ewe

Eisenbahnbetriebswerhstaetten

Feuerwehr

F.,Nr. Fabriknummer

Faberg Fachnormenausschussfuer den Bergbau

FAH Friedrich Alfred-HuetteRheinhausen

Fahrzeugbau

F Blw Feinblechwalzwerk.

FEN Fachnormen dés Reichsvereins DeutscherFeuerwehr--Ingenieure

Fe- und. Eisen- und MangangehaltMn ,Gehalt

Fabrikationsbuero GruppeBlechbearbeitung

Finanzabteilung

Friedr. Krupp

Central Locomotive StandardsCommittee

Electron Steel Plant

Railroad technicalOffice

Eisenvereinigung Ost

Railroad Service work-shops

Fire Brigade

Plant registrationnumber

Technical standardscommittee for miningindustry

Friedrich Alfred-Huette.Rheinhausen

Vehicle Construction

Thin Sheet MetalRolling Mill

Technical Standards ofthe German ReichAssociation of FireBrigade Engineers

Ferrous and manganesecontent

Technical Bureau of SheetMetal Processing Group

Finance Department

Friedr. Krupp

Elna

FGB

Fina

FW

GA

GeraGéwo

Gl. &Pf l .

Grapha

Growe

Gru

Glaser & Pflaum Co.

Graphische Anstalt

GrobblechwerkstattGruppen-Kanzlei

Gru Lowa Gruppen-Kanzlei Loko-motiv und Wagenbau

Flei

F St

FT

Flugzeug-Eisenbahnverkehr

Firmastempel

Funktelegraphie

Feuerversicherung

Federwerkstatt

Fuhrwesen

Air-Rail-traffic

firm stamp

radio, telegraphy

Fire-insurance

Spring shop

Trucking

GemeinschaftsbueroGüterabfertigung

Geraeteabteilung

Abteilung fuer gemischt-wirtschaftliches Wohnungs-wesen

Gfbk (or)Gfk Gusstahlfabrik

G.f.T. Gesellschaft fuer Teer-verwertung

GHH Gutehoffnungshuette

Gies Giesserei

Gina Giesséreinormen-Aasschuss

Gl Gluehhaus

GLB Gemeinschaft des Legie-rungserzbergwerkes

Trade community office

Freight Handling Department

Gun Equipment Department

Department for housingsettlement based oncompound economy

• Cast--steel-Works(Krupps Main work in Essen)

Gesellschaft fuer Teer-verwertung

Gutehoffnungshuette

Foundry

Foundry StandardsCommittee

Annealing Plant

Association for alloyore mining

Glaser & Pflaum Co.

Printing Plant

Plate Workshop

Group Secrétariat

Group Secretariat forLocomotive andcar-Construction

Gr. V. Gruppenvorstand

Giessereizentrale

Gsk Gesenknummer

GW Gas und Wasserwerk

GwK Grusonwerk

Gwt. Germaniawerft

Guetezahl

Group Chief

Central Office for Foundries

Drop-Forging serial number

Ohs and Water works

Grusonwerk

Germaniawerft

Degree of Quality

Hbh Huptbuchhalterei

HGW-Stahl "Hermann Goering"GmbH Werke Stahlgemeinschaft

mbH

HIV Hauptlager-Verwaltung

ENA Handelsschiff Normen-ausschuss

Holab Holleritabteilung

HVB Hauptverwaltungsbuero

HVG Hauptverwaltungs -gebaeude

HVK Hauptverwaltung desKohlenbergbaues

HWA Heereswaffenamt

Hwke Hammerwerke

Hwke F Formschmiede

Hwke G Gelenkschmiede

Hwke H Hammerschmiede

IFB Abteilung Industrie undFeldbahnen

IFko Industrie und Feld-bahnkonstruction

Main Bookkeeping Department

"Hermann Goering"Werke StahlgemeinschaftmbH

Main Ware housing Admini-stration

Standards Committeefor Merchant Vessels

"Hollerith" Department

Main Administration Office

Main Administration Building

Coal Mining Main Administrer-tion

Army Ordnance Office

Hammerworks

Moulding Forge

Drop Forge

Hammer Forge

Industrial and Narrow GaugeRailroad. Department

Industrial and Narrow GaugeRailroad Designing

Ifwe Industrial and Narrow GaugeRailroad Shop

Im Generalstab

Italianische Militaer-

internierte

in Vertretung

on the General Staff

Italian Military Internees

1. Deputy2. on behalf of (in case ofHandlungsbevollmaechtigter

signing on behalf of firm)

Kb Kleinbau

KB Kohlenbuero

KeA Kesselanlagen

KEH Krupp Eisenhandel GmbHDuesseldorf

K.g. Kenntnis genommen

KHAICHS . Kontore des Verkaufs IKHW

KM Kriegsmaterial

KMK Kriegsmaterial Kanzlei

KNSt Kontor fuer neue Stableim Verkauf I

Fachnormen des Kraftfahr-baues

Screw Plant

Coal Office

Boiler Plants

Krupp Eisenhandel GmbHDuesseldorf

noted.

KHA, KRS, KHWOffices of Sales DepartmentNo.. I

War Material

Secretariat for War Material

Office for new steels inSales Deparment No. I

Technical Standards ofTruck ManufacturingAssociation

Krawa

KrawaInst

KrG

Krumo

Kraftwagenbau

KraftwagenbauInstandsetzung

Kraftwagen Garagen

Schriftleitung Krupp-sche Monatshefte

Motor Vehicle Construction

Motor Vehicle Repair Shop

Garages

Editorial Office of KruppWorks' monthly Review

Kuha Kurbelwellen, Hamburg

K.u.R Kessel und RahmenbauBau

Kuwe Kurbelwellen Werkstatt,

Kt Kanzlei

Grankshaft plant, Hamburg

Boiler and Frame Construction

Grankshaft Shop

Secretariat

Lab Chem. Laboratorium

Lafa Landmaschinenfabrik

Landm. LandwirtschaftlicheMaschinen

L Bau Lokomotivebau

Lehrw. Lehrwerkstatt

L.F.H. Leichte Feld-Haubitze

Lg S Lagerplatz Segeroth

LHW Lagerhaus Westendstrasse

Konstruktionsabteilungfuer Lokomotiven

LON Fachnormen des Loko-motivbaues

Iowa Lokomotiv und Wagenbau

Iowa A Iowa Abnahme

Lowa K Iowa Kostenermittlung

Iowa LH Iowa Lagerhaus

Iowa V Lowe, Verkauf

L St Listenstempel

lichte Weite

Chemical Laboratory

Agricultural machine plant

Agricultural machines

Locomotive Construction

Instruction Shop

Light field howitzer

Scrap Dump Segeroth

Warehouse Westendstrasse

Locomotive DesigningDepartment

Technical standards forlocomotive construction

Locomotive and Carconstruction

Locomotive and OarInspection Department

Locomotive and CarCost-Calculating Depart-ment

Locomotive and CarStorehouse

Locomotive and CarSales Department

List. stamp

Inside diameter1.W.

Maschinenbau

MaschinenbauKostenermittlung

MaschinenbauKostennachrechnung

Mikrotast-Werkstatt

Maschinen-Konstrukti on

Monatslohn

Modellnummer

Schiessplatz Meppen

Modellschreinerei

Museum

Martinwerk

mechanische Werkstatt

Machine Construction

Machine Construction Cost-Calculating Department

Machine Construction CostChecking

Mikrotast gauge shop

Mechanical engineering

monthly wages

Model serial number

Firing Bange Meppen

Model Building Shop

Museum

Open Hearth Plant

mechanical Workshop

MbK

MbN

Mi

Mk

ModMp.

MSMu

MVmW

N Normenabteilung

Normnummer

NPos Normalposition (nur f.elekt . Abteil.)

NV

Normenvordruck

Standards Department

Standard numbers

Normal position (forelectrical departmentonly)

Standard form

Obko Oberbaukonstruktion

Oblagf. Oberlagerfuehrung

Permanent way designing

Main Administration forworkers " camps

Obwe Oberbauwerkstatt Permament way Work shop

ON Ofenmaurere i Furnace constructionDepartment

"0smag" Oberschlesische Maschi-nen und Waggonfabrik AG

Oberschlesische Maschi-nen und Waggonfabrik AG

-10-

OT Organisation Todt

PA Probieranstalt

Pak (Panzer Abwehrkanone

P-arme– Phosphorarme ErzeErze

P AUSl. Patentausleihe

PB Patentbuero

Pb Panzerbau

PbA Preisbildung Ausland

Organisation Todt

Testing Department

anti–tank gun

Ores with low phosphoruscontent

Patent License Department

Patent Office

Armor construction

Price Determination Departmentfor foreign contracts

PbI Preisbildung Inland Price Determination Departmentfor home contracts

Roheisenbuereau Pig Iron Office•

RAL Reichsausschuss fuerLieferbedingungen

RATN Reichsamt TechnischeNothilfe

RB

RDA Reichsverband der Auto-mobilindustrie

Refa

Regifa

Repels

RH

BBB

RRW

RSW

Ru I

Reich Committee fordelivery Conditions

Reich Office of TechnicalEmergency Corps

Rheinmetall Borsig

Reich Association of theAutomobile Industry

Reich Committee forDetermining working hours

Cash Register Plant

Repair Shops–SteelStructure Assembly

Shipping Agency

Auditing Department

Tire Rolling Mill

Wheel Set Shop

Armament Inspection

Rheinmetall Borsig

Reichsausschuss fuerArbeitszeitermittlung

Registrierkassenfabrik

Reparaturbetriebe--Eisenbaumontge

RhedereiRechnungsrevisionsbuero

Radreifenwalzwerk

Radsatzwerkstatt

Ruestungsinspektion

Staff of the RegionalArmament Office

Ruck Ruestungskommando(or)Rkde

Rueckstb.Raestungskommando Stab

Regional Armament Office

RV Ruestungsverkauf

RW Reparaturwerkstt

HW HG AG Reichewerke "HermannGoering" AG

RWKS Rheinisch-WestfaelischesKohlensyndikat

RWW Fachnormen der Rheinisch-Westf. Werkgruppe

Armament sales

Repair Shop

Reichswerke "HermannGoerine" AG

Rhine-Westphalian CoalSyndicate

Technical Standards ofRhine-.Westphalian Works Group

Sawag Sauerstoff-WasserstoffGewinnungsanlagen

S Steinwerk Ringofen-ziegelei

SA Selbstkostenabteilung fuer.Schmiedestuecke

Sattl Sattlerei

Sch.-Ess. Schiessplatz Essen

Schiffbst Schiffbaustahl

Schm Schmieden

SMSt. Siemens-Martingtahl

SNV Schmelzbau und Tiegelkammer

Schienen-Oberkante

Sp. Ausland und Wasserversand

SPw Schmiedepresswerk

Oxygen and Hydrogen Pro-duction Plants

Fire brick works, RotaryKiln Brick Works

Cost calculatingDepartment for Forgings

Saddlers Shop

Firing Range Essen

Shipbuilding Steel

Forging Shops

Open hearth steel

Smelting Shop andcrucible chamber

Top of rail

Dispatch by waterway and to foreigncountries

Hot Forging and. PressingPlant

St Stahl geschmiedet Steel, forged, rolled accordinggewalzt nach Dinermen to German industrial standards

- 12 -

Association of GermanIron Foundry Men

FDE Verein Deutscher Eisen-huetteleute

WA Werkausstellung.

Wa

Konstruktionsabteilungfuer Wagen

Works Exhibition

Car Designing Department

VD. I Westfaelische Drahtindu-strie A.G. Hamm

Werba Werbeabteilung

V.D.E.V. Verein Deutscher Eisenbahnverwaltungen

VDH Fachnormen des VereinesDeutscher Holzbearbeitungs-Maschinenfabriken

VDI Verein Deutscher Inge-nieure

VDMA Verein Deutscher Maschinen-bauanstaIten

Vestag Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG

VG Verwaltungsgebaeude

V. g.

V.K.Wien VertriebsgesellschaftGmbH der Friedrich kruppAG. Wien

V-Schlak-Vanadium-Schlacke

V St Vorbehaltsstempel

Association of GermanRailroad Administrations

Technical Standards of.the Association of`the German

wood working machinemanufactures

Association of GermanEngineers

Association of GermanMachine Manufactures

Vereinigt Stahlwerke AG

Administration Building

solid casting (on drawingsfor foundries only)

Vertriebsgesellschaft GmbHdux Friedrich Krupp AGWien

Vanadium slag

"Subject to confirmationstamp

vollgiessen (nur auf Werk-zeichnungen f. Giesserei)

WA J Rue Waffenamts InspektionMun fuer Ruestung und Munition

WAN Fachnormen des allgemeinenWagennormen-Aasschusses

WB Wehrwirtschaftsbuereau

W Bau Wagenbau

Ordnance inspectoratefor Armament and Munitions

Technical Standards ofthe Gar Standards Committee

Military Economy LiaisonOffice

Car Construction

Westfaelische DrahtindustrieA.G. Hamm

Advertising-Department

-14-

Tool–making shop

Wirtschaftliche For-schungsgesellschaft

Werkzeugmacherei

Werkschutz Works Security Police

Wifo

WM

WS (or)Ws

WTB

WWWw,

WWRWZB

z.Auss.

z.Erl.

z.H

z.K.

Wolffs Telegraphenbuero Wolff's News Agency

Houdwing Department

Rolling Mill

Heat Research Department

Wohnungsverwaltung

Walzwerk

Abteilung fuerWaerme-wirtschaft

Wehrwirtschaftsrat

Werkzeugbeschaffung

zur Aeusserung

zu den Akten

zum dauernden Gebrauch

zur Erledigung

zu Haenden (bei Anschrif-ten)

zur Kenntnisnahme

ZPw Zieh- und Presswerk

Z.St. Zeichnungsstempel

ZW Zuenderwerkstatt

Military Economy Council

Tool Supply Department

opinion requested

Pile

for permanent use

to be dealt with

Attention of:

fer information

Drawing and Pressing Plant

Stamp for drawings

Fuse Wo rkshop

StB

Stahl L

St d.L.

Stf

Stg

SVt

SW

TB

TWL

U

U.u.R.

Statistisches Buero

Lieferfristenbuero fuer.Schmiedestuecke

Stundenlohn

Stahlformerei

Stahlguss

Schmiede-Verteilurgsstelle

Scheibenradwalzwerk

Technisches Buero

Technisch-Wissenschaft-liche Lehrmittelzentrale

Urschriftlich

Urschriftlich unter Rueck-erbittung. -

Statistics Office

Delivery terms officefor forgings

Hourly wages

Steel moulding shop

Steel casting

Distribution Officefor forged materials

Rolling Mill disk wheel

Technical Office

Central Office fortechnical and scientificinstructional material

In the original

Translation Office

Please return

Please return the original

Uebers. Uebersetzungsbuero.B.

u.R. Unter Rueckerbittung

Physikalische Versuchs-anstalt

VII Verkauf II

VII Ble )VII PeiVII Guss).VII Ham )VII Ob ) Abteilungen des V IIVII Pres)VII Rad.)VII Stg )

VA

Versuchsanstalt

VB

Vertreterbuero

v.B.-Br. Buerovon Buelow

Physical ExperimentalInstitute

Sales Department II

Sub Department Ble (Plates)etc. of Sales Department II

Experimental Institute

Agencies Office

Von Buelow's Office

-13-

PART II.

TERMS with Translations (German-English)•

AbfeuergeraetAbnahme

Abnahme--Beater

Abteilung Fertigung Department for Standardisationof design

Firing mechanism

Inspection

Inspection Official

Abteilungsdirekter

Abtellungsvellmacht

Abtellungsverstand.

AbwehrbeauftragterAlitierte GegenstaendeAlterungsbestaendig

Arbeiterangelegenheiten

Departmental Director

Departmental Power of attorney

Department Chi ef

Counter intelligence agent

Aluminium plated articles.

Seasoning Resistant

Workers' relations

Departmental

Arbeitseinsatz Liaison-office for Laboraussenbetrieblicher Arbeits- Procurement (Krupp)einsatz)

Arbeitseinsatz IInnenketrieblicherArbeits-einsatz)

Office for Interplant LaborAllocation

Armatur Armature

Artillerie Konstruktion Artillery Disigning

Aufgabe Abteilung Archives department for designs

Aussendienst external relations office

Auswertung - evaluation

Autoklave • autoclave

Beggerbaur-Konstruktion Dredger-Designing Department

Bauleiter Construction Chief

Bergbau-Hauptverwaltung - Kohle Coal Mining . Main Admini-stration

-- 16- --

Visitors Department

Assistant workshop leader

Plant director-.

Plant leader (Krupp)

Workshop engineer

Workers' Council

(Department for) economic plantmanagement

Compressed Air Plants

Dezernent

Direktor

Drahtwalzwerk

Dreherei

Drehteil''

Druckluftanlagen

17

Head of "Dezernat"

Director

Wire-rolling mill

'Turning shop

Besuchswesen

Betriebsassistent

Betriebsdirektor

Betriebsfuehrér andFuehrer des Betriebes

Betriebsingenieur

Betriebsrat

Betriebswirtschaft

Bettungsschiessgeruesst

Blechbearbeitungs-Konstruktion

Blechbearbeitungs--Werkstatt

Blechpresserei

Blechwalzwerk

Dauerstandfester Stahl

Demontage

Dezernat

Universal gun carriageplatform

Designing of Sheet Metalproducts

Sheet Metal Processing Work-shop

Sheet metal pressing shop

Sheet Metal Rolling Mill

creep resisting steel

Dismantling (Section)

use German word followed by"executive secretariat" inparenthesis -e.g. "Stahl Dezer-nat" - Steel DezernatExecutive Secretariat forSteel) ortranslate as "Spere of acti-vity" e.g. "Dezernat Mueller" -Mueller's sphere of activity

Plenipotentiary General'(Only when referring to highesthonorary title of member ofKrupp Vorstand or to Governmentofficial.)

gun equipment workshops

Drop—forging serial number

Generalbevollmachtigter

Geraetewerkstaetten

Edelstahl

Einzelunternehmen

Eisenbahnbetrieb

Eisenbahnbetriebswerk-staetten

Elektrostahlwerk

Energiebetrieb

Erzlegierungen

Fachnormen'

FederwerkstattFeinblech

Feldbahn

Feldhaubitze

Flugzeugautomaten

Flusseisen.

Formschmiede

Fuehrer des Betriebes(and Be triebsfuehrer"see under "B")PFuehrer der Betriebe

Fuhrwesen

Gemeinschaftswesen

GemischtwirtschaftlichesWohnungswesen

Refined steel

individual enterprise

Railroad Service

Railroad Service workshops

Electra Steel Plant

Power station

Ore alloys

Technical Standards

Spring shop

Thin Sheet Metal

Narrow guage railroad.

Field howitzer

Automatic aircraft weapons

Ingot Steel

Moulding Forge

Head of the Enterprise (GermanTerm in Brackets)

Leader of the Plants

(cold german term)

Trucking

Trade—community matters

Housing settlement based oncompound economy

(or Concern)

Gesenkschmiede

Giesserei

Gluehhaus

Grauguss

Grobblech

Grosszahlforschung

Grup.envorstand.

Gusstahl

Gusstahlfabrik

Gueterabfertigung

Guetezahl

Halbzeug

Hammerschmiede

Hammerwerke

Handlungsvollmacht

Haube

Hauptverwaltung des Erz-bergbaus

HauptverwaItung des Hohlen-bergbaues

-Hebezeug

Heerestechniesche Fahrzeuge

Heereswaffenent

Hilfsbetriebe

Hochdruckhohlkoeroer

Hochofenwerk

Huelsenpuffer

Drop Forge

foundry

Annealing plant

gray iron casting

Plate

statistical research

Group Chief

Cast steel

Cast—Steel Works(Krupp's Main work in Essen)

Freight Handling Department

Degree of Quality

Semi—finished. products

Hemmer Forge

Hammerworks

limited, power of attorney

1. Hood (engine)2. Cowling3. Spinner (of an airscrew

Ore Mining Main Administration

Coal Mining Main Administration

crane, hoist

Army vehicles for technicalpurposes

Army ordnance Office

Auxiliary plants

High Pressure HollowCylinders

Blast Furnace Works

sleeve buffer

Huettenwerk F oundry

Immobilien

Infanteriebegleitgeschuetze

Inneneinrichtungen (for gune)

Kampfw agenfahrgestell

Kanzlei

Kapitalverkehrssteuer

Kleinbau

Kleinwaffen

Knuayppelzurichterei

Kokerei

Konsortialbuereau

Konstrukteur

Konstruktionsbuero

Konsumanstalt

Kontingentierabteilung

Korrespondent

Kuempelteile

Kurbelwelle

Kuestendrehscheibenlafette

Lafette

Lagerwerkstatt

Lehrhaerterei

lichte Weite

Literaturstelle

Real Estateimmovable property

close-support guns

interna equipment

combat vehicle chassis

Secretariat

Capital transaction tax

Screw Plant

small arms

Billet finishing shop

coking plant

Syndicate Office

Designer

Disigning Office

Go-operative stores

Quota-fixing department

correspondence clerk

Flanged Parts

crank shaft

turntable mount for coastaldefense guns

1. Guncarriage (for mobile guns)

2. Gun mount (for fixed gunse.g. naval)

Rpair shop with spare-part

store

Gauge hardening shop

inside diameter

20 -

Lokomotivbarrenrahmen Locomotive bar frames

Luftvorholer air OR pneumatic recuperator

Martinstahl Open Hearth steel

Maschinen-Konstruktion Mechanical engineering

Memorialbuchhaltunr Journal Account.

Messwesen 1. Measuring instrumentdepartment (of Krupp)

2. Surveying (General and

Artillery)

Mikrotast-Werkstatt Mikrotast gauge shop

Nachrichtenblatt Bulletin

Nebenbetrieb Supplementary plant

Nitrierstahl nitriding steel

Norm Standard

Oberbau Permanent way

Oberlagerfuehrung Main Administration for theworkers (camps)

Panzerbau armor construction

Panzerbeschuesse armor-piercing shells.

Panzergehaeuse armored casing

Panzerkraftwagen tank, armored combat vehicle

Panzerkisten hull of tank

Panzerkastenoberteil superstructure of tank

Panzerkraftwagen armored car

Pflichtenheft Technical and. MaintenanceManual

Prokura erteilen to appoint as Prokurist

Prokurist Prokurist

Protze limber, ammunition trailer

Radsatz wheel set

Radreifenwalzwerk Tire Bolling Mill

- 21 -

Rechnungswesen accountancy

Reckschmiede Draw forge

Registrierkassenfabrik Cash Register Plant

Rennanlage Renn Process plant

Richtmittel gun sights

Ringofenziegelei Rotary Kiln Brick Works

Roheisen Pig iron

Rohrbremse recoil buffer

Rohrkarren barrel—cart

Ruestungskommanao Regional Armament Office

Scheibenrad disc wheel

Schienen—Oberkante Top of rail

Schiessboecke Firing stands

Schiessplatz Firing Range

Schleifscheiben abrasive wheels

Schmelzbetrieb smelting plant

Schmieden to forge

Schmiedeisen forging steel

Schmiedepresswerk Hot Forging and PressingPlant

Schmieclestueck Forging

Schrott Scrap metal

Schweissdraht at welding Wire

Schweisstel welding rod

Siemens—Martinstahl Open-hearth steel

Siliziumeisenguss Silicon—iron casting

Stabstah Bar Steel

Stahlformerei Steel moulding shop

—22—

Stahlformguss Steel die casting

Stahlguss steel casting

Steinwerk Fire brick Works

Streuung (Art.) Dispersal

atroemungsgetriebe Fluid DrIve Fluid Drive

Tecknische Angebotsabteilung Technical estimatingdept. for contracts

Technische Auslandsbetreuung Assistance for foreigntechnical experts

Technisches Auslandsoffertwesen Technical Estimates forforeign contracts

TempergussTerminwesen-Abteilg. malleable cast iron

Department for fixingdelivery terms.

Tiegelstahl Crucible steel

Thomas Stahl basic Bessemer steel

Unterschriftsvollmacht Departmental power of(Abteilungsvollmacht) attorney

Vergueten (Stahl) to temper

Verschluss breech

Vertreterbuero Agencies Office

Versahnung tooth system (of a gear)

Walzwerk Rolling Mill

warmfester Stahl High temperature steel

Waermewirtschaft Heat Research Department

Werkreisbeauftragter Military DistrictCommissioner

Wehrwirtshaft (Krupp) Military Economy liaisonoffice

Wehrwirtschaftsrat Military Economy Council

Werkschutz Works Security Police

-23-

Werkstoff

Werkzeugmaschine

Widia ("Wie Diamant")

Wiege (Geschuetz)

Wohnungsverwaltung

Zahnradgetriebe

Zentrale Planung

Zentrifuge

Zieh— und PresswerkZieleinrichtugen

ZuenderwerkstattZuenderstellmaschine

Zurichter

industrial or substitutemateriall

Machine-tool

"Widia" Steel

cradle

Housing Department

Gear Sets, Transmission

central Planning Board

Separator

Drawing and Pressing Plant

aiming equipment,aiming mechanism

Fuse Workshop

Fuse—setting instrument

Finisherr

II. ORGANIZATION OF GERMAN ECONOMIC CONTROLSWITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE IRON AND

STEEL AND COAL INDUSTRIES

A. Private and Semi-Public Bodies

1. Pre-Hitler Germany

a. Industrial Associations

Before the Hitler accession to power in 1933

German industries and businesses were grouped together in a

tremendous variety of trade associations, federations and

coordinating groups. Two general types may be distinguished:

territorial organizations of Chambers of Industry and Commerce

and functional industrial associations.

The territorial associations were Chambers of

Industry and Commerce and Chambers of Handicraft, which were

organized locally. They were public law organizations in which

membership was compulsory for all businessmen in the area.

Dues were collected like taxes, and they were regulated by the

relevant state ministry. They were affiliated with regional

associations .(which were private, in character) and at the

national level there existed a Diet of German Industry and

Commerce. These organizations exerted little influence.

politically but were important locally much in the same manner

as Chambers of Commerce in America.

The functional associations were much more power-

ful. Industry, handicraft, trade, banking and insurance were

each organized into national associations which drew their

members from the functional associations, in that particular

field. The national or top association Spitzenverband) for

industry was the Reichsverband der Deutschen Industrie or

"R.D.I." (Reich Association of German Industry). It was

founded in 1919 by the merge of two similar associations,

one of which has been in existence since 1876, It was com-

posed of a great number of member groups organized by type

of industry, The member groups in turn were composed of

smaller affiliates either regional or functional in nature.

Within the R.D.I., the most important association

of the functional group for the iron and steel industry was

the Verein Deutscher Eisen und Stahl Industrieller (Asso-

ciation of German Iron and Steel Industrialists, which was

founded in 1875., There was a similar functional group for

the coal industry. The most important coal association,

however, was the private association , the Verein fuer die

bergbaulichen Interessen zu Essen (Association of Mining

Interests of Essen) - usually referred to as the Bergbau

Verein. This group was founded in 1858, and every important

mining company in the Rhein and Ruhr areas belonged to it.

A similar pattern of organization was found in other bran-

ches of industry.

Those associations were voluntary organizations,.

elected their own officials, and were completely self-

govern-ing. They exerted a tremendous influence on government

economic policies and furnished their members with a variety

of services dealing with questions of economic policy,

imports, exports, finance and reparations questions, etc.

They also served as advisory and coordinating agencies for

the cartels.

b. Market Regulating Associations

The industrial associations described above were

primarily pressure groups. German industry was also organized

- 2.6 -

into associations designed to regulate marketing activities.

The most common device for achieving this purpose was the cartel,

a contractual agreement between legally separate enterprises

in the same branch of industry to regulate or eliminate com-

petition among themselves. There were many types of cartels,

including agreements to fix and regulate prices; impose pro-

duction quotas; geographically divide markets; specify product-

ion and methods of production for each member; assign customers;

control bidding for orders; distribute scarce materials; fix

sales terms; and pool net profits. Some cartel agreements also

provided for the establishment of separate sales companies to

handle the sales and marketing activities of all members. Pur

chasers could obtain the desired products only from the common

sales organization; profits were pooled and distributed to the

contracting parties according to previous arrangement. This

latter form of organization was generally known as a syndicate.

The principal cartel of the iron and steel industry

was the Stahlwerksverband, organized in 1904; and in the coal

industry, the regional association, the Rhenish-Westphalian

Coal Syndicate (RWKS), founded in 1893.

The organization of industry into cartels encour-

aged a continually increasing monopolization by the larger

enterprises in the cartel. This resulted particularly from

the practice of quotas of production for each enterprise; and

when an enterprise failed or otherwise did not use its quota,

this quota was purchased by other members of the cartel and

kept unused, or purchased by one member to increase its pro-

portionate production.

-27 -

There was no substantial governmental opposition

to the cartel system; and the Rhenish-Westphalian coal cartel

was even by law made permanent and membership compulsory in

1919. The common law doctrines of restraint of trade and the

principles underlying the anti-trust legislation of the United

States had no counterpart in Germany.

A feature of some German pre-war cartels was the

frequent practice of entering into an international cartel,

accepting a marketing quota, then exceeding the quota and

paying a fine to the international cartel - but thereby seizing

for German industry an increasing share of world markets.

2. Changes under the Third Reich

a. Industrial Associations

The basic law concerning the new organic structure

of German business was promulgated 27 February 1931. The Reich

Minister of Economics was established as the supreme leader of

German economy. The first article of the decree provided:

"The Reich Minister of Economics is empowered forthe preparation of the organic structure of theGerman Economy:

"1. To recognize economic associations (Wirtschaftverbande) as the sole representatives of the eco-nomic branch;

"2. To establish, to dissolve, or to merge economicassociations;

"3. To amend to supplement by-laws and contracts(Gesellschaftsvertraege) of economic associations;particularly to institute the leadership principle(Fuehrergrundsatz)."

The changes affected pursuant to this decree con-

verted the pre-existing highly organized associations into

compulsory organizations under the general direction of the

Minister of Economics.

The territorial organizations of the Chambers of

Industry and Commerce, and Chambers of Handicraft were con-

tinued. However, they were consolidated in the middle level

to regional economic chambers (Wirtschaftskammern) and at

the national level into a federation of Chambers of Industry

and Commerce. A new agency, the Reich Economic Chamber

(Reichswirtschaftskammer), was established in the Ministry

of Economics to coordinate at the top level the functional

and territorial associations.

The new functional organizations consisted of:

(a) Reich groups (Reichsgruppen)

(b) Economic groups (Wirtschaftsgruppen)

(c) Sub -groups

(1) Regional Groups (Bezirksgruppen)

established on a geographical basis

(2) Trade or Product Groups (Fachgruppen)

established on a functional basis

There were seven Reichsgruppen at the top level,

one each for industry, commerce, banking, insurance, power,

handicraft, and tourism and traffic. They corresponded to

the former Spitzenverbaende. The R.D.I., referred to above,

became the Reichsgruppe Industrie. It was made up of thirty-

one Economic Groups, each representing one branch of industry,

Each of these Groups in turn was further sub-divided into

various sub-groups or into territorial sub -divisions of the

Economic Group.

-29-

Every entrepreneur was required to belong to the

local Chamber in his area and to the appropriate functional

organization comprising his business. Some of the elective

features of the former organizations were abolished and the

leadership principle adopted for the selection of officers.

The Minister of Economics appointed the heads of the Reich

Economic Chamber and of the Reichsgruppen, and these heads

in turn appointed the subordinate leaders, each of whom had

the duty of leading his group in accordance with the princi-

ples of the National Socialist State. Actually the change

in organization meant very little as far as the controlling

personalities of the functional organizations were concerned.

In general, the leading men of the former associations were

appointed by the Reich Minister of Economics to the corres-

ponding offices in the newly created Economic Groups.

Our concern with the Groups in this case is chief

with the Reich Group Industry; and is limited principally to

its sub-divisions, the Committee for the export of war . mate-

rial, and the Economic Groups for the iron industry and

mining.

The iron industry, in l934, was organized into

Wirtschaftsgruppe Eisenschaffende Industrie (Economic Group

Iron Producing Industry - herein called " WGE"), which absorbed

the Association of German Iron and Steel Industrialists

and its staff.

The armament export firms were organized, in l93

into the Ausfuhrgomeinschaft fuer Kriegsgeraet (War Material

Export Association - AGK), plans for such an organization

having been made immediately upon the repudiation of the ar-

mament provisions of the Versailles Treaty in 1935.

The WGE was subdivided into several regional

groups, the most important of which was that for the Ruhr

area, the Bezirksgruppe Nord-West (Regional Group North West).

The Economic Group Mining (Wirtschaftsgruppe

Bergbau), which governed mining, including the mining of coal,

was also a continuation of the pre-existent association Fach-

gruppe. The Bergbauverein, mentioned previously, was allowed

to continue its separate existence by special exception of the

Minister of Economics.

The Economic Groups continued in existence until

the end of the war, although their specific functions varied

considerably as the economic situation of Germany changed.

They had no power to issue binding legislative decrees on their

own initiative, but they served as a convenient medium through

which the government exercised controls over industry. On the

other hand, they had substantial influence upon the government

itself in shaping such controls, and upon their membership in

respect to the manner of carrying out and supervising the

execution of the decrees.

The Economic Groups at first had no authority

over the cartels and other market regulation associations.

This led to considerable confusion, since the Economic Group

was the agency which dealt with the various government price

control offices. in addition to this overlapping of functions

-31-

the development of numerous government agencies and control

offices in the economic field resulted in a confusion of juris-

diction between the industry-manned Economic Groups and the

official governmental bodies. After the outbreak of the war,

every effort was made to streamline this structure. The result

was the formation of Reich Associations.

The Reich Associations were the top control organi-

zations, composed exclusively of leaders of the particular field

of industry over which they had supervision. They were vested

with authority to issue directives binding upon all members of

the industry. They were organized under the supervision of

Goering in his capacity as Plenipotentiary for the Four Year

Plan, and were subordinated first to the Reich Ministry of

Economics and later to the Speer Ministry. Many of the functions

performed by various government offices and agencies

were transferred to the Reich Associations, and all market regu-

lating associations were placed under their direct control. The

Reich Associations tended to take control of the entire industry

taking portions of such control from the horizontally operating

Economic Groups, i.e., Production, Mining and Trade.

The first of the new Reich Associations was organized

for the coal industry early in 1941, the Reichsvereinigung Kohle

RVK). It was created at the insistence of the coal industry, in

order to forestall complete government control, and yet to pro-

vide for tight organization within the field. The extent to

which the major industrial concerns controlled it appears from

the following list of its chairman and Praesidium members:

-32 -

Friedrich Flick . • • • • • • •

Herbert Kauert

Gustav Knepper

Alfried Krupp . . . . . • •Fritz Mueller . • • • •

Max Palm . . • • • •

Alfred Pott Johannes Robert Ludwig Siebert . . . . . . .Otto Springorum

Paul Pleiger . . .Heinrich WisselmannFranz Hayler .Otto Berve Walter Brass . • • • • • •

Gustav Brecht Ernst Buskuehl Guenther F a lkenhahn . . .

. • . . Hermann Goering Works. . .Preussag (Reich)

• • • . . Trade representativeGraf SchafgotschTrade representativeRheinbraunHer pener (Flick)

. .OberschlesischerBerg-undund HuettenvereinFlickRhenish Westfalian CoalSyndicateGelsenkirchener (VereinigteStahlwerk)KruppKruppPreussag (Reich)BallestremUpper Silesian Coal SyndicateDAFGelsenkirchener (VereinigteStahlwerk)SalzdetfurthVereinigte StahlwerkeEssener (Flick)

. • . . Hibernia (Reich)Ilse BergbauMan ne smann

Whenever a Reich Association was established for

any particular field the influence of the Economic Group in

that field naturally declined. However, friction was eliminated

by close interlocking of the two organizations. Thus, the depu-

ty chairman of the RVK was, at the same time, the leader of the

Economic Group Mining. The regional organizations of the formed

Economic Group Mining were left in existence, but the most im-

portant of them were subjected to the control of the RVK, and

in effect became their regional offices.

The Reichsvereinigung Eisen (RVE) was established

for the iron and steel, industry in 1942 along much the same

pattern as the RVK. It absorbed many of the functions of the

WGE, and was granted additional powers by the Plenipotentiary

-33-

Rudolf Stahl Otto Steinbrinck . . . . . a .Ernst Tengelmann Wilhelm Tengelmann •Edmund Tobies . . • . Hermann Winkhaus

of the Four Year Plan, Goering. It took over, to some degree

the governance of iron ore mining, as well as iron and steel

production, sales, etc. The chairman and the members of its

Praesidium were likewise drawn from the most important con-

cerns in the industry, as the following list of members dis-

closes:

Hermann Roechling, Chairman RoechlingWalter Rohland, Deputy Chairman Vereinigte Stahl-

werkeAlfried Krupp, Deputy Chairman -KruppHans Malzacher Hermann Goering

WerkeFriedrich Flick Hans Hahl Alfred Pott August Schmidt v.Schmidfelden

Walter Steinweden Wilhelm Zangen Hans Guenther

FlickEisenwerk RodingenBallestrem

Schmidhuette KremsAustria)

Trade representativeManne smannVereinigte Stahl-

werke

Roechling was also appointed leader of the Economic

Group Iron Producing Industry at the time of the

organization of the RVE; and the former district groups were incor-

porated in a much more formal fashion than was done by the RVE.

b. Market Regulating Associations

Under the Third Reich private cartels continued

to be very influential, and the Ministry of Economics was

authorized to establish compulsory cartels by a decree of

15 July 1933, or to compel outsiders to maintain membership

in existing ones.

Upon the organization of the Groups, in 1934,. the

cartels and the Economic Groups existed side by side and the

latter were barred from marketing control activities. As a

34

result, the leadership of the cartels often assumed the

leadership of the Groups. This situation became so serious

that, in 1936, the Minister of Economics subordinated the

cartels to the Groups.

As the "RVK" and the "RVE" were created they,

too, were given powers for the control of production and

marketing. ln late 1942 the Stahlwerksverband, the chief

cartel of the iron industry, was dissolved, and its funct-

ions taken over by the Eisen und Stahl Gemeinschaft in the

RVE - "ES GE" .

B. Government Economic Agencies

1. Military Economic Agencies of the Wehrmacht

In 1927 the army Ordnance Office (Heereswaffenamt)

formed a special Economic Staff (Wirtschaftsstab -- WStb) with field

offices (Aussenstellen), Military Economy Officers (Wehrwirtschafts-

offiziere) and Military Regional Commands (Wehrkreiskommandos) for

general questions of military economy.

After the seizure of power by Hitler, the new branch

of the Armed Forces, the Luftwaffe, created its own Ordnance Office

(Waffenamt), and shortly thereafter the Navy also created its own Ordnance

Office, so that the old organization within the Heereswaffenamt become

only one of three agencies in charge of armaments.

On 1 November 1934 a central agency for the Armed

Forces "Military Economics and Ordnance Affairs" (Wehrwirtschafts– and

Waffenwesen) was created. This central agency did not, however, have

jurisdiction over the Ordnance Offices of the different parts of the

Wehrmacht. Colonel (later General) Georg Thomas, the former Chief of Staff

of the Heereswaffenamt, was made Chief of this new agency. In October 1935

the agency was renamed Military Economics Staff (Wehrwirtschaftsstab – WwSt);

and in the spring of 1935 the so–called Military Economics Inspectorates

(Wehrwirtschaftsinspektionen) were established, and the former military

economy officers were incorporated into these newly organized inspecto-

rates. The Wehrwirtschaftsstab, which in November 1939 was renamed

1. The principal business with which this case is concerned -- thedesign, manufacture and sale of war material -- between the German mili-tary, air and naval forces and KRUPP was channeled through branches of themilitary forces other than the predominantly economic branches, to whichthis summary is limited.

- 36

Military Economy and Armament Office (W- Rue-A mt), was in charge of

the over-all armament plan for all pasts of the German Armed Forces. It

was only after the first failures o f the German Wehrmacht in Russia,

that the civilian agencies gradually took over the functions which had

been entrusted up to that time almost exclusively to military. In 1942

the Armament Office, the most important part of the Wi--Rue--A mt, was

transferred to Speer's Ministry (see below Paragraph 5) and the functions

of Wi-Amt, which was renamed later "Feldwirtschaftsamt," were greatly

reduced.

2. The Ministry of Economics (Reichwirtschaftsministerium- RWM)

At the beginning of the Nazi regime, the Reich Ministry of

Economics was the central government agency for the determination of

economic policy and economic administration. Its importance decreased

for the Four Year Plan in the fall of 1936. After a reorganization of the

economic agencies by Goering in February 1938, the Ministry of Economics

regained to some extent its former position; but during the war it again

gradually lost its influence, this time to the Ministry of Arms and

Munitions headed by Speer. Speer, in 1943, gained complete control over

all of German production, leaving the Ministry of Economics only the

control of supply and distribution of consumer goods for civilian popu-

lation, foreign trade, foreign trade policy and control of credit institu-

tions.

The first Minister of Economics in Hitler's cabinet was

Alfred Hugenberg, leader of the German Nationalist People's Party and

until 1918 chairman of the Aufsichtsrat of Fried. Krupp A.G. His successor,

in June, 1933, was Kurt Schmitt; general manager of the Allianz and

Munich Reinsurance Company, who remained in office until August, 1934.

- 37 -

It was during this first year of the Hitler regime, and under

the presidency of Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach in the Reich

Association of German industry, that the reorganization of German industry

was commenced. Dr. Hjalmar Schacht who was President of the Reichsbank

since March 1933, was then appointed Minister of Economics; he resigned

in November 1937. From November 1937 to February 1938 Goering took over

the Ministry of Economics, which he relinquished to Walter Funk on 6 Feb-

ruary 1938. Funk remained Minister of Economics until the end of the war.

When Funk became the Minister of Economics in 1938, leading

officials of the Four Year Plan were put in charge of the important main

departments of his Ministry and many functions which the office of the

Four Year Plan had taken over during the period of rivalry between Goering

and Schacht were transferred back to the Ministry of Economics.

Schacht in 1934 instituted a "New Plan" which was designed to

rebuild German economy and further secret rearmament. Upon Schacht's

resignation his "New Plan" was replaced by Goering ' s Four Year Plan which

was to make Germany self—sufficient in the most important strategic

materials and ready for war within four years.

The offices through which the Ministry of Economics controlled

raw materials and foreign trade were the Supervisory Offices (Veber --

wachungssteîlen). They were created in 1934 by Schacht within the frame-

work of the "New Plan", and played an important role in the mobilization

of industry for war. Together with the Military Economics Staff (Wehr-

wirtschaftsstab of the OKW and the Reich Ministry of Economics, they

formulated the Mobilization tasks (Mob-Aufgaben) for the various industrial

enterprises, after the plants had submitted all details about their

38

For special fields of production, which were particularly im-

portant to the war effort, Goering appointed Plenipotentiaries–General

who were vested with the full power of the Four Year Plan in their par-

ticular fields. General von Hanneken was appointed Plenipotentiary–General

for Iron and Steel in 1937. During the war, Speer and Sauckel were

appointed Plenipotentiaries-General for particular fields described below.

4. Control Planning Board ( Zentrale Planung) The Central Planning Board (Zentrale Planung) was created by

Goering in April 1942 as the supreme coordinating agency for the German

war effort. This Board was officially an agency of the Four Year Plan;

for all practical purposes, however, it was the instrument through which

Speer coordinated all of German war production between 1942 and 1945.

The Central Planning Board was composed of Speer, Milch and

Koerner, and later Funk, each cf whom had equal authority. The function

of the Central Planning Board in the main was planning the distribution

and allocation of raw materials necessary for the conduct of the war,

and the allocation of manpower to the principal sectors of war economy.

Sauckel appeared frequently before the Central Planning Board when

labor questions were under discussion. Representatives of important

governmental and industrial organizations concerned in the allocation

of labor, materials, etc. also attended, reported to and made requests

at these meetings.

5. The Speer Ministry The Ministry of arms and Munitions (Ministerium fuer Bewaffnung

und Munition) was created in March 1940 and its first head was Dr. Fritz

Todt, founder of the "Organization Todt." Its function was to coordinate

the activities of all agencies and private enterprises engaged in the

manufacture of armaments and to improve war production from a

-40-

technological point of view. Dr. Todt did not develop the Ministry

into a well--knit organization although he made a substantial beginning

in the direction of controlling private enterprises engaged in the

manufacture of armaments. He created a number of administrative bodies,

staffed with representatives from industry itself, for the purpose of

pooling production know-how and technological developments. In February

1942 Todt died and was succeeded by Albert Speer, a very active and

energetic man of considerable organizational ability.

Under Speer's direction the Ministry became the most important

single influence on industrial production for the prosecution of the war.

Shortly after Todt ' s death Speer was designated as Plenipotentiary

General for Armament Tasks of the Four Year Plan. From that time the

Speer Ministry gradually absorbed a variety of functions formerly per-

formed by others, including many of those of the Ministry of Economics,

the Wehrmacht and the Luftwaffe. In September 1943 this acquisition of

power resulted in a reorganization of the Ministry and the change of its

name to the Ministry of Armament and War Production (Ministerium fuer

Ruestung und Kriegsproduktion).

Speer developed the system initiated by Todt of utilizing

representatives of the armament industry on a basis of "self-responsi-

bility of industry" (Selbstverantwortlichkeit der Industrie) in bodies

somewhat parallel to the Reich Associations. These were the Main

Committees (Hauptausschuesse) and Main Rings (Hauptringe), which were

staffed from the ranks of private industry. The Main Committees were

boards of technicians concerned with production and processing of an

important end product. The Main Rings and their regional bodies --

Rings --- were similar boards concerned with the production of one- 41-

important part which entered into the production of several other end

products. For example, a Main Committee was established for the product-

ion of tanks; a Main Ring for iron production and another for castings;

a Ring for the production of ballbearings and another for steel castings.

Coordination with the RVE eventually took place through unified

leadership of the RVE and the iron production Main Ring, The most important

departments of Speer's Ministry for our purposes were:

The Planning Office (Planungsamt), headed by Hans Kehrl,

which was responsible for over-all planning in all matters of production

and distribution. The Planning Office acted not only as an agency of the

Speer Ministry, but was the preparatory and executive agency of the

Central Planning Board (Zentrale Planung).

The Raw Materials Office (Rohstoffamt ), also headed by Kehrl,

which was responsible for the production of basic raw materials other

than iron and steel. This office coordinated the Reich Association

Coal -- RVK, Main Ring Metals, Economic Group Chemical Industry and

other Reich Associations and Economic Groups in the raw materials field.

The Armament Supply Office (Ruestungslioferungsamt), headed

by Dr. Schieber, w in charge of iron and stool production and other

semi--finished materials necessary for armament production. To this

office was attached the RVE and the Main Rings concerned with the

production of metal intermediate products.

The Armament Office (Ruestungsamt) was responsible for the

final production of arms and munitions. This office was originally

an agency of the OKW called the Military Economy and Armaments Office

(Wi--Rue–Amt). It was headed by Gen rai Thomas while part of the OKW,

and Thomas continued to head it after its transfer to the Speer-- 42 –

Ministry in May, 1942. Thomas was succeeded in 1943 by Maj. Gen. Kurt

Waeger.

The Armament Office of the Speer Ministry supervised the

regional organizations originally established by the Army Ordnance

Offices. The regional organizations consisted of Armament Inspectorates

and Armament Commands, which were staffed by military personnel through-

out the war.

6. Reich Ministry of Labor (Reichsarbeitsministerium RAM)The Reich Ministry of Labor was headed from 30 January 1933

to the end of the war by Franz Seldte. Originally it was the highest

authority on all labor questions. The responsibility for the allocation

and supply of labor was transferred in 1936 to the Office of the Four

Year Plan, where it was under the supervision of Dr. Mansfeld and Dr.

Syrup. The procurement of labor from occupied territories was begun

by this Labor Allocation Office, which utilized the lower echelons of

the Reich Labor Ministry for the distribution of this labor.

The lower echelons of the Reich Labor Ministry were the

Provincial Labor Offices (Landesarbeitsaemter) and the local Labor

Offices Arbeitsaemter). A law of May 1933 had established, for

questions of wages and working conditions, the institution of Reich

Trustees of Labor (Reichstreuhaender der Arbeit). In 1943 the Reich

Trustees of Labor were consolidated with the Provincial Labor Office

Landesarbeitsaemter) into Gau Labor Offices (Gau Arbeitsaemter).

7. The Plenipotentiary for Labor Allocation (General– bevollmaechtigter fuer den Arbeitseinsatz)

The Labor Allocation Office of the Four Year Plan did not

provide sufficient labor from the occupied territories. Consequently,

Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel to Plenipotentiary General for Labor

43 -

Allocation in February, 1942. Goering thereupon dissolved his own

Labor Allocation Office and transferred the manpower sections of the

Four Year Plan to Sauckel: the Main Departments XII, headed by

Dr. Kimmich; VI, headed by Dr. Timm (originally Department V,

headed by Dr. Beisiegel); IX, .headed by Professor Jung, of the

Reich 'ministry of Labor; and the lower echelons of the Ministry,

viz., the P rovincial Labor Offices and Local Labor Office, which

together formed the Labor Allocation -Administration (Arbeitseinsatz--

verwaltung). Sauckel also had his special representatives in all

occupied and satellite territories.

III. FORMS OF GERMAN BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

A. Comparisons to American Forms and American Law.

The German law of business associations, like the Ameri-

can, distinguishes between forms of enterprise which are ju-

ristic persons and those which are not, such as partnerships,

The latter, however, may have some of the characteristics of

enterprises which are juristic persons. Under each of these

two principal categories, there are various forms of

enter-prises in which the responsibility and the liability of the

sponsors of the enterprise may vary. German enterprises which

are juristic persons are hereinafter referred to as corporations.

Like American corporations, German corporations can hold legal

rights and powers in the same general way as a natural person

but the liability of the owners or shareholders is limited to

the amount of their investment in the enterprise,

Among the principal forms of business enterprise which are

corporations or juristic persons under German law are:: The

Aktiengesellschaft or"A.G." (roughly translated as "stock

corporation"). The Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung or

"G.m.b.H. " (company with limited liability) . ; and the

Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft (roughly translated as "corporation

under mining law").. The main forms of German business enter-

prises which are not juristic persons or corporations include

the Einzelhandelsfirma (Private Firm), Offene Handelsgesell-

schaft or "o.H.G." (roughly a general partnership) the Kom-

man ditgesellschaft (roughly a limited partnership) The

private firm united the business enterprise with the person

•

- )45

of the owner, and was commonly used for small enterprises, and

very rarely used for large enterprises. Fried. Krupp was a

private firm until 1904; an "A.G." until December, 1943; and again

a private firm from the latter date.

B. German Enterprises which are Juristic Persons

1. Aktiengesellschaft (A.G. )

Ownership -- The A. G. is most similar to an American

stock corporation. It is created by the filing and recording

of articles of incorporation generally called the "Gesell-

schaftsvertrag" (before 1937) and the "Satzung" (after 1 937) .

Ownership of the A. G. is divided into shares (Aktien) made

evident by stock certificates which are either registered or

bearer shares. Fried. Krupp A.G. was established with only

common shares, all of which had voting rights - except for the

period of a few years in the early 1920s , when an issue of

special stock was sold to employees of the Krupp firm. The

special stock had no voting rights, and no dividends were paid

on it. It was accumulated and purchased by Bertha Krupp von

Bohlen und Halbach in its entirety about 1926. The capitali-

zation of an A.G. generally must amount to not less than

500,000 marks. Fried. Krupp A.G. was capitalized originally

at 160,000,000 Marks; and the capitalization was subsequently

increased to 180,000,000 Marks. Both capitalization figures

were below actual valuation, the difference being hidden in

uncapitalized reserves.

In an A.G. there are two governing boards, one charged

with general supervision, the other with actual management.

These two boards are the Aufsichtsrat, often translated as

- 46 -

"Supervisory Board of Directors," and the Vorstand, often

translated as the "Managing Board of Directors." Sometimes

both the Aufsichtsrat and the Vorstand have been translated

as "Board of Directors." To avoid confusion, the use of the

German terms instead of translations is generally preferred.

Generally speaking, those two boards, taken together, exer-

cise the functions ordinarily performed by the board of directors

of an American corporation. However, taken individually

or together, those two boards are not the precise functions

equivalent of the American Board of Directors. The general

features of the Aufsichtsrat and the Vorstand in German law

and practice in the typical case are as follows:

The Aufsichtsrat is a supervisory board of directors

elected by the stockholders at the annual meeting generally

called the "Generalversammlung" (before 1937) and the "Haupt

versammlung" (after 1937). With some notable exce ptions, the

members of the Aufsichtsrat appear to correspond functionally

with those members of the board of directors of a major

American corporation who are not members of the executive

committee and who do not participate in the actual or day-

to-day management of the business. The formal rights and

duties of the Aufsichtsrat under German law include the

election, supervision and removal of the members of the

Vorstand; the general supervision of the management of the

enterprise by the Verstand; the right to examine and audit

books and accounts; the calling of shareholders' meetings;

and the representation of the corporation in dealing with

I:7

the Vorstand. Of course, the extent to which the Aufsicht

rat, or particular members thereof, in practise exercise

those powers to influence the activities of an A.G. depend

upon a number of factors, including, for example, who owns

or controls the stock.

The Vorstand is the executive board of directors

which undertakes the actual management of the corporation

generally and represents the corporation in its dealing wit

others. The members of the Vorstand can best be compared

functionally with the principal officers and directors of a

major American corporation who serve on the executive com-

mittee and participate in the actual management of the cor-

poration. In 1937 there was a general revision of German

corporation law (1937 RGB1., Part I, page 107, dated 30

January 1937 and supplementary decrees thereto) . Under the

revised law, as construed by legal authorities in Germany,

the Chairman of the Vorstand could either be the dominant

and decisive leader of the enterprise (the "Fuehrer") or he

could be "first among equals" (primus inter pares) in the

Vorstand, in which case the Vorstand as a body was the

"Fuehrer" or dominant leader of the enterprise. ("Aktion--

gesetz, Gesetz ueber Aktiengesellschaften und

Kommandi-gesel lschafter auf Aktion vom 30 Januar, 1937," commentary

by Dr. Franz Schlegelborger, State Secretary in the Reich

Ministry of Justice, and others, Berlin, 1939, pp.235

and 238).

As between Vorstand and Aufsichtsrat , the 1937

revision of the law is generally considered as having reduced

the power and the importance of the Aufsichtsrat. Among

other things it provided that the Aufsichtsrat could not

remove members of the Vorstand before the expiration of the.

terms except "for just cause." The distribution of de facto

power and authority as between Vorstand and Aufsichtsrat, on

the one hand, and the actual influence of the stockholders,

on the other hand, varies from enterprise to enterprise and

from time to time depending on special facts and circumstances.

The regular Annual Meeting o f the Stockholders -

there being only two such stockholders -- in the firm of

Fried. Krupp A.G. was held in conjunction with the annual

meeting of the Aufsichtsrat. Under German corporate law,

the stockholders or their duly authorized representatives

have the right to ask for information on the annual report

of the Aufsichtsrat and the Vorstand and on the general

management of the business. The annual shareholders meeting

approves the action of the members of the Aufsichtsrat and

the Vorstand in the discharge of their duties. It also

approves amendments to the articles of incorporation and in-

creases in capital. Final approval of the balance sheet

and the distribution of profits are also the prerogatives

of the stockholders.

2. Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung (G.m.b.)

"Gesellschaft mit beschraenkter Haftung" may be

literally translated as "company with limited liability", but

ordinarily it is referred to in the documents by the German

abbreviation "G.m.b.H." The G.m.b.H. was originally designed

to give smaller businesses a possibility of operating with

limited liability. The minimum required capitalization was

only 20,000 marks. The formalities of forming a G.m.b.H, are

simpler than in the case of an A.G. The participant's interest

in the G.m.b.H. is usually not made evident by written instru-

ment, and if it is, such an instrument is not readily negotiable.

The management of the G.m.b.H. is vested in one

or more persons called "Geschaeftsfuehrer" (business manager).

There is no Vorstand and an Aufsichtsrat is not prescribed by

law. If there is an Aufsichtsrat the statute provides that it

shall be governed by the rules applying to the Aufsichtsrat of

an A.G. unless the articles of incorporation provide to the

contrary. The supervisory body in a G.m.b.H. may be called

an "Aufsichtsrat", a "Verwaltungsrat" (Administrative Council)

or a "Beirat" (Advisory Council). The difference is principally

one of name only. A number of the subsidiary corporations which

Krupp owned or controlled were G.m.b.H.'s with an Aufsichtsrat.

In the occupied parts of the Soviet Union, special corporations

were established to undertake production. Ordinarily such

corporations were G.m.b.H.'s with a Verwaltungsrat.

3. Bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft

This type of corporation was exclusively established

for mines under the mining law. A number of the mining en-

terprises owned and controlled by Krupp adopted this corporate

form. The shares (usually 1,000 in number) were called "Kuxe"

which represented a fraction of the corporation's assets but had

no nominal or par value. The shareholder ("Gewerke") was not

personally liable to the corporation 's creditors. The

Gewerkschaft obtained capital by assessing its members, who,

however, had the right to escape such liability by surrender

ing their shares. The Gewerkschaft is managed by a Vorstand

and it may have an Aufsichtsrat.

C. German Enterprises which are not Juristic Persons

1. The Einzelhandelsfirma (Private Firm)

The Krupp private firm, in 1943, became a unique

form of business enterprise. It was the personal property

of the proprietor, and yet had certain rights, powers,

privileges, duties and immunities, beyond of those of an

individual human person. The private firm was founded

under a "Lex Krupp" which permitted for this one enterprise

alone in Germany a special legal structure. The form was

an adaptation to the Krupp combination of industrial, com-

mercial and real property of the laws for certain agricul-

tural properties (Fidoikommiss and Erbhof). There was an

advantage of permanence as against the danger of breaking

up under the ordinary impact of death and inheritance taxes

There were restrictions upon disposition of property, and the

NSDAP had a voice in selecting the proprietor. The propri-

tor could, and did, delegate his powers and establish a

structure similar to a normal German corporation.

2, Offene Handelsgesellschaft (o.H.G.)

This form of enterprise corresponds essentially

to the American general partnership. Generally each partner

has power to act for the partnership and is personally liable

-51

for partnership debts. The o.H.G. was used seldom, if at

all, by Krupp.

3. Kommanditgesellschaft (K.G.)

This corresponds to the American limited partner-

ship. The general partner has the exclusive right and power

to represent and manage the partnership. The general partner

of the American law is called under German law the "Komple-

mentaer" or the "persoenlichhaftendo Gesellschafter" ("per-

sonally liable partner"). The limited partner is called

"Kommanditist".

D. Combinations of German Business Enterprises

Combinations of business enterprises in Germany are

much more commonly organized than in the United States.

Combination was sometimes compulsory, Under German law

and business practice there were numerous forms of combines

of business enterprises, among them the following:

1. "Konzern" (Concern)

This was defined in German corporation law as a group

of legally separate enterprises which, functionally, were

under unified direction. Krupp was sometimes referred to a

a "Konzern," particularly because it included a large number

of legally separate enterprises, and possibly because it

included a number of large enterprises which previously were

separate legal entities.

2. "Interessen-Gemeinschaft" (I.G.

This was literally a "community of interests," and

- 5 2 -

was a form rarely used, except in such cases as the joining

together of large firms, in a permanent relationship or for

a temporary or limited objective.

3. "Kartell" (Cartel)

This is a combination of independent business units

for the purpose of influencing the market, by eliminating

or regulating competition among themselves.

4. "Syndikat" (Syndicate)

This is a type of cartel with a centralized sales

and control organization, the latter usually in the firm

of a A.G. or G.m.b.H. Krupp was a member of a number of

syndicates of considerable importance, particularly the

coal syndicates.

5. Special Statutory Cartels

In some instances cartels were created by special

statutory provisions giving them official regulatory powers

and making membership compulsory for all members of an in-

dustry. An outstanding example is found in the compulsory

coal syndicate created by a law of 23 March 1919, which

replaced the former voluntary syndicates. These mining

corporations were required to belong to the German coal syn-

dicates. The function of the syndicate, ordinarily set

up on a regional basis, was to buy all coal production with-

in the area and to provide a centrai sales organization. At

the same time the syndicate exerted broad control over pro-

duction. The influence of the individual producer as a

member of the syndicate dep e nded upon his share in the total

53

production. The Minister of Economics possessed a veto

over the actions and resolutions of the coal syndicates.

E. Corporate Affiliations under German Tax LPN (the"Schachtel-Privilege"

This does not refer to a separate form of combination

of business enterprises but to a concept of German income

tax law for corporations. Dividends received by a corporation

from another cor poration in which it holds at least

25 per cent of the stock are exempt from income taxation.

The same principle applied to the property tax with respect

to the ownership interest in a subsidiary.

IV. HISTORY, STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF FR IED, KRUPP

A. Historical Outline of the Krupp Familyand Enterprise to 1914

The first Krupp industrial enterprise was the "Gute

Hoffnung" (Good Hope; Ironworks at Sterkrade, on the borders

of Prussia and Cleves. Friedrich Krupp, born in 1787,

undertook the management of this plant in 1807, but it was

soon lost to the family. (Century's History, pp. 4-12;

Berdrow, pp. 13-15; Menne, pp. 12-22.)

During the Napoleonic Wars the demand for cast steel,

which was embargoed from England, increased; and in 1811

Friedrich Krupp built the "Fried. Krupp Cast Steel Foundry"

on the Volkmuehle property in Essen. During the next few

years the Prussian mint, and eventually the mints of other

governments, provided a large part of the work. In 1819

new works were opened and orders from the Prussian Ordnance

came in for steel for bayonets and gun barrels. (Century's

History, pp. 12-22, 26; Berdrow, pp. 16--24, 53; Menne, pp.

32-34.

The eldest son, Alfred Krupp, succeeded upon the death

of the founder in 1826, to the leading position in the

management, and to the ownership of the works, together with

members of his family. In 1843, Krupp, together with the

Schoeller family, built a plant in Berndorf, Austria, for

the manufacture of table cutlery and plated sheets. Cannon

construction by Krupp dates from 1844, when the Prussian

military authorities ordered an experimental one-ton gun

of cast steel for a three-pound shot. The building of the

-55-

first German railroads in the 1840's initiated Krupp's

business in railway products. The single management of the

Essen works was acquired by Alfred Krupp in 1848, for

40,000 thalers, by purchasing the interests of members of

the family. At the samo time Alfred's interests in the

Berndorf Works was released to a brother, Hermann. it was

not until 1859, upon the death of his partner, Soelling,

that Alfred became sole owner of the Essen enterprise.

(Century's History, pp. 42-44,53--55, 57, 67-77, 81-82,

86--87, 114-29; Berdrow, pp .34, 39-40, 48, 72 , 74-78, 113-

16, 132-3 4 Menne , pp. 39-41, 51-52, 57 60-63.)

The first complete gun shop was built in 1861. (Berdrow

p. 151.)

The introduction of the English Bessemer process deve-

loped the Krupp works from a specialized casting factory

into a complete iron works. They expanded vertically and

acquired fifty beds of iron ore in the Lahn district and

leased the "Graf Beust" colliery. Resident agents were

placed in all the great cities of Europe. During the boom

following the large-scale use of Krupp guns in the Franco-

Prussian war of 1870, Krupp acquired over 300 ore deposits

in Western Germany and a holding in the Orcanera Iron Com-

pany, which held valuable deposits of high-grade ore at

Bilbao, Spain. A fleet of transport ships was built, and

interests acquired in the Netherlands in connection with

transport and docking. American interest had been attracted

by the display at the Philadelphia World's Fair of the

Krupp 14-inch gun; but it was the sale of rails, axles and

other items needed in the vast program of railroad building

in the United States that helped pull Krupp out of the sub-

sequent depression of the 1870's. (Century's History, pp.

92-114, 174-79; Berdrow, 169-71, 175-78, 243, 259-60; Menne,

pp. 82-83, 94-95 104-13.)

Krupp's desire to design as well as to construct guns

was realized through the work of Gross; and to develop

designing and independence from the Ordnance Board, Krupp

commenced the acquisition in 1873 of firing ranges.

Alfred Krupp died on July 14, 1887 and the inheritor

of the works was Friedrich Alfred Krupp. Under him the

administration and manufacturing methods were modernized,

and scientific research was given greater attention. New

shops were built, colleries in Lorraine and the Germania

shipyards were acquired. The principal German competitor,

the Gruson Works--the developer of armor plate and the recoil

gun--was bought out on the stock exchange. Licenses on

Krupp armor plate were granted to the Carnegie and Bethlehem

Steel Companies. (Century's History, pp. 245-56, 258-72,

292-302; Berdrow, pp. 294-302; Menne, pp.. 153-61, 170-71.)

The dismissal of Bismarck removed the last check on the

government's policy of world expansion, the chief factor

in which would be naval building. In 1897 von Tirpitz was

made Secretary of the Admiralty, and a program for

proprietary rights was contemplated and no Krupp shares

were ever to be dealt in on the stock exchange. 159,996

shares of 1,000 marks each were allotted to the oldest child

Bertha, and, in order to comply with legal requirements,

the remaining four shares were carefully distributed, and

later accumulated by Bertha and her sister Barbara. (Can -

-tury's History, pp. 311-12; Berdrow, pp. 311; Menne, pp.

223-25.)

popularizing the navy through the German Navy League was

commenced. Krupp enjoyed particularly the good will of the

Emperor William II; and the Krupp Germania was the only

private shipyard which participated in the building of

every future German battleship through the mid 1930's.

In fifteen years prior to World War I, Krupp built nine

battleships, five light cruisers, thirty-three destroyers,

and ten submarines, (Century ' s History, pp, 288-302; Menne,

pp . 161-71, 233-40.)

Friedrich Alfred's generation produced no sons and,

upon his death in 1902 the heiress was the 16-year-old

Bertha Antoinette Krupp. The will of the deceased

for the reorganization of the firm into a private,

liability company in order to regularize relations

the owner and the administration, but no surrender of

Immediately after the death of Friedrich Alfred his

widow placed a contract for the building of the Friedrich

Alfred Huette Rheinhausen on the left bank of the Rhine

-58-

twenty miles from Essen The facilities for transport

and this late use of the Thomas process, and other moder-

nization, enabled Krupp to move from the ranks of a specia-

list in certain classes of steel into those of the great

steel producers. (Century's History, pp. 314-15; Berdrow,

pp . 310 , 3 15; Menne, pp. 226-27.)

In 1906 Dr. Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach married the

Krupp heiress, Bertha. He had been a secretary of legation

at Washington and Pekin, and his maternal grandfather was a

general of the United States Army in the Civil War. At the

wedding the Emperor conferred upon Gustav the right to use

the name "Krupp,"

The sister, Barbara, later married Baron Tilo von

Wilmowsky, son of the former head of the imperial Chance-

tory. (Menne, pp. 274-75.)

Technological progress went side by side with the vast

naval race of the period. In 1906 Krupp's most original

contribution to armament, the first German submarine, was

built. In 1907 the electro-metallurgical furnace process

was introduced; and a fourth firing range was laid out at

Essen.

B. Corporate and Plant Structure

1. Changes in Form

The firm of Krupp has been a wholly-owned family enter-

prise since shortly after its founding in 1812; and during

most of that time it has been owned by a single individual.

It operated as a private firm until the death of Friedrich

Alfred Krupp in 1902 and the extinction of the male line

of the family,

In 1903 a corporation, Fried. Krupp A.G., was formed,

with almost the entire share-holdings held by the eldest

daughter of Friedrich Alfred-Bertha Krupp. Until the end

of 1943 the firm structure was formally that of a normal

German stock corporation.

Negotiations were commenced in 1942 to change the

structure of Fried. Krupp from an A.G. to a private firm

and the ownership to Alfried Krupp von Bohlen. The fact

that negotiations, which were expected to be successfully

terminated, were under way brought about organizational

and structural changes of a minor degree prior to the

formal dissolution of the corporation in December, 1943.

In April, 1943, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen was named chair-

man of the Vorstand,

In December, 1943, the corporation was dissolved;

and, in accordance with the Lox Krupp, a special dispens-

ation from Hitler, and a Family Statute, the entire owner-

ship was placed in Alfried Krupp von Bohlen, as sole pro-

prietor, with rIghts of perpetual succession by individual,

designated heirs. Only the top firm was affected by this

change--and that change was confined almost to the dropping

of the suffix "A. G.," the ownership, the abolition of the

Aufsichtsrat and the juristic concept of the enterprise.

2. Relationship of the Governing Bodies

German corporate law permitted and, after 1937,

encouraged the curtailment of the responsibility of the

Aufsichtsrat. In the corporation it was a largely honorary

body. This was due chiefly to the circumstance of almost

single stock-ownership, which had the ultimate authority

and which chose as its single spokesman the Chairman of

the Aufsichtsrat; and the practical necessity of empowering

the actual management with the primary authority.

The only active member of the Aufsichtsrat was

Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Chairman from 1909

to 1943. The rest of the Aufsichtsrat was composed of

leading men in the German business world--industrialists

bankers and, traditionally, retired government officials

of high rank and excellent contacts. The Deputy Chairman

of the Aufsichtsrat was Freiherr Tile von Wilmowsky, hus-

band of Barbara Krupp, the younger sister of Bertha, who

performed principally the function of representing Fried.

Krupp A.G. in lar ge German banks and corporations, private

and semi-public--the reci procating activity to represent-

ation by other prominent men on the Krupp Aufsichtsrat.

The few shares of the corporation stock owned by Frau

von Wilmowsky were, however, from 1938 voted by a repre-

sentative of the management, the defendent Max Ihn.

Among other members of the last Aufsichtsrat were

Alfred Olscher, head of the Reichskredit Gesellschaft,

y

A.G. ; Carl Goetz, Chairman of the Aufsichtsrat of the

Dresdner Bank; Hermann Schmitz, Chairman Of the Vorstand

of I.G. Farben; Hermann von Siemens, Chairman of the Aufsicht

rat of Siemens-Halske, A.G.; Hermann Buecher, Chairman of the

Vorstand of Allgemeine Elektrizitaets Gesellschaft (AEG); and

Arno Griessmann, retired War Material Department chief of

Krupp.

The factors which, however, minimized the importance,

power and res p onsibilities of the Aufsichtsrat of the top

company, Fried. Krupp A. G., were not present in the relation-

ship between the Essen management and such of the subsidiary

companies as were incorporated as Aktiengesellschaften. In the

main, the management of Fried. Krupp A.G. and of the successor

private firm, Fried. Krupp, chose to exercise authority and

determine policy in such subsidiaries by representation on the

Aufsichtsraete. This applied, inter alia to the subsidiaries

Germaniawerft, Grusonwerk, Berthawerk, Deschimag and Rheinmeine

Moreover, the limited powers flowing from formal memberships

the Aufsichtsraete were here combined, not only with powers

flowing out of the representation of the ownership, but were

enlarged by control or direction in workaday matters centering

in the Essen firm and upon which the subsidiaries were dependent

i.e., research, design, finance (including approval cf appro-

priation of over 5000 marks) and top level party, economic

association and government contacts and representation

- 62

representation. Analogous methods of direction or control

were exercised by the Fried. Krupp management in other sub-

sidiaries which were not organized as A.G.'s.

Structure of the Complex

a. Plant Section of Fried. Krupp

Under both the corporate and the private firm Fried.

Krupp had both the forms and functions of a holding, a

supervising and an operating company. Fried. Krupp A.C.

and private firm had as an integral part of their structure

and function a plant section composed of most of the in-

dustrial units at Essen and Rheinhausen--the Gusstahlfabrik

(Cast Steel Works) at Essen, the Friedrich-Alfred Huette,

and later the Krupp Stahlbau at Rheinhausen.

b. Daughter Companies

The larger subsidiaries, in which Krupp's interests

exceeded 98%, were called Tochtergesellschaften (daughter

companies), viz., Grusonwerk (machines and manufacturing),

Germaniawerft (shipbuilding), Aktiengesellschaft fuer

Unternehmungen der Eisen und Stahlindustrie (holding company for

miscellaneous enterprises; and Sieg-Lahn Bergbau G.m.b.H.

(mines ).

Smaller Subsidiaries

The smaller subsidiaries or partly owned enterprises

were ordinarily held by one or the other of the plant sect-

ions of Fried. Krupp or one of the daughter companies. Of-

ten, also, the Gusstahlfabrik and the FAH maintained plants

which were geographically distant from Essen or Rhein-

hausen, but which were integral parts of these major plants

Mines

Mines were often grouped into subsidiaries,

usually in the form of G.m.b.H. or

Bergrechtiche-Gewerk-schaften, which were in turn subsidiaries of daughter

companies or the plant sections of Fried. Krupp, and

sometimes än integral part of the plant sections.

Plants in Occupied Territories

In the occupied territories, enterprises--

plants, mines, commercial and administrative organizations,

etc.--wore held by Krupp in numerous ways. Usually they

were acquired under "so-called "purchases," "leases," or

"trusteeships." Frequently KRUPP organized some type of

new business organization to hold and manage the enter-

prise. Often, too, such enterprises were held or managed

directly as plants or units of the Gusstahlfabrik or other

plant sections of the firm, with no separate corporateidentity.

f. Foreign Agencies and Subsidiaries

In peacetime or in countries not occupied during

the war, KRUPP also had numerous subsidiaries and agencies.

Agencies and special representatives were agents of the

parent firm at Essen, unless a particular subsidiary did

a large amount of business and needed its own agent, also.

Complex arrangements were made in some cases, particularly

after 1938 to conceal ownership, i.e., the creation of

special Swiss holding companies owned nominally by indi-

viduals acting as fronts.

- 65 -

C. Management Organization

l.. General Organization

The focal point of the KRUPP concern was Essen, the seat

of the parent company and of the most important plant, both of which had

a unitary management. Flexibility existed in the structure at the level

of the top management to allow for changing circumstances, including

adjustments to new laws and new personalities. Exceptions to the pyramidal

form were fairly numerous at the top of the hierarchy. Below the top

level of command, control of the working of the departments and plants,

was maintained through a fairly rigid structure which had crystallized

into a pattern through the long history of the firm.

The relations between the Essen officials and the sub—

sidiary companies had become formalized. Some of these subsidiaries were

given more independence than others, but the degree of independence was

dependent upon the wishes of the central management in Essen. In any

case, the directors in Essen had to be kept informed regularly of the

activities of the subsidiaries. This was accomplished through monthly

reports and through the requirement that new plans and important decisions

be referred to the superiors in Essen before becoming final. Technical

problems were referred to the pertinent technical director in Essen; and

a similar rule applied in respect to commercial, personnel and other

matters. In particular cases the technical director, for example, might

have more control over the actual operation of a subsidiary than had the

commercial or other directors. But this was a relation which, being based

on long practice, was well known to all personnel concerned and continued

to govern in spite of changing personnel.

2. Vorstand

The defendants in the present case include all of the

living Vorstand and Direktorium members who held office during the last

eighteen years: Alfried Krupp, Loeser, Houdremont, Erich Mueller, Janssen.

During the period of the A.G. the top managing body was, as

was customary, called formally the "Vorstand" and sometimes the "Direkto--

rium." Under the private firm it was called, formally, the "Direktorium

and often, informally, the "Vorstand." (Throughout the case the prosecution

will use the formal names.)

The Vorstand at Krupp was from the latter half of the 1920s

until 1943 composed of no more than three members. In addition to the

over-all responsibility of each Vorstand member for the management of the

corporation, each Vorstand member was assigned specific fields of activity

in which he was charged with special responsibility on behalf of the entire

Vorstand. A member might have one or more such special responsibilities

in the following spheres: (i) technical, (2) administrative, (3) financ-

ial, (4) commercial, (5) war material construction, (6) war material

sales, (7) machine shops and (8) raw materials. The members of the Vors

-stand had a high degree of autonomy within their own field of work, and

consulted informally with other members of the Vorstand concerned secon-

darily with the problem. Ordinarily members of the Vorstand who wore not

directly concerned with a matter in issue, and therefore not consulted

directly upon it, were informed by memoranda or copies of correspondence

concerning these issues. General matters were settled by informal confer-

ences or formal meeting of the members of the Vorstand. Full meetings of

67

the Vorstand were put on a regular basis again by Alfried Krupp in

1943.

In March, 1941 the Vorstand was enlarged by the addition. of six

deputy members. In March 1943 the .number of full-fledged members of Vor-

stand was increased to 5, the number of deputies remaining at 6. The

superseding of the Vorstand by the Direktorium in December 1943 did not

substantially affect the functions and responsibilities of the members

thereof, apart from making them all responsible to the new proprietor,

Alfried Krupp.

3. Deputies and Dezernente

To assist the Vorstand members in the management of the firm,

they made a work distribution among various officials in the firm, who

were given full responsibility for the results achieved by their depart-

ments. Account had to be given to the Vorstand of all accomplished and

important contemplated plans and activities. These officials wore

frequently referred to as Dezernente (an untranslatable term, connoting

a degree of self-sufficiency greater than that implied in the English

phrase ''department head"). Functions of the Krupp Dezernente included:

steel plants, steel center and research, personnel, war material sales,

artillery designing, mining. It was the more important of these Dezer-

nente, i.e., those whose responsibilities were greatest, who became

deputy members of the Vorstand in March 1941. Such membership was,

however, no prerequisite to the assumption of significant responsibility,

e.g. Griossmann was a Dezernent at the head of the Krupp Essen war Mato-

rial department from 1926 to 1938 and, nevertheless, was not a member of

the Vorstand or a deputy Member.68

The directors of the concern subsidiaries were also placed

in the category of Dezernente, their responsibility to the Vorstand in

Essen being the same as the responsibility of the Krupp Essen Dezernente.

All Dezernente were required to work together so that uniform policies

would prevail in the concern. Differences of opinions were submitted to

the Vorstand for decision.

4. Minor Departments

The minor departments each were headed by a department head

who ordinarily had the rank of Prokurist. The Prokurist was an employee

with authority to sign for the firm within a limited jurisdictional area.

Among those lessor departments were those of the special labor offices,

patents, press and public relations, etc.

5. Gruppenvorstand

Occasionally, as in the case of Kupke and the camp administrat-

ion, a number of minor departments were grouped and headed by an official

with the rank of Gruppenvorstand. The individual units so grouped might

be responsible administratively to one head, and yet be subject to the

general supervision of the Gruppenvorstand. The place in the hierarchy

of such an official also was flexible: Kupke was, at first, responsible

directly to the Vorstand, and, later, to Ihn,

6 Parallel Organization

accompanying this vertical organizational structure there was

also a. somewhat parallel structure organized within the technical fields

of operation. There was, for example, the Stahlzentral, which was under

the member of the Vorstand representing technical matters, or: his deputy,

and which directed research in metallurgical fields. Similarly there

was the Berlin office, in which the parent firm, from 1937, placed a

deputy member of the Vorstand as the chief of the office. Within the

Berlin office several subsidiaries also maintained their own represent-

atives; and also within it, from the middle 1930's, was the R-Vertretung,

which was the specialized office for liaison on military contracts and

war economy matters. The Berlin office was also a sales agency and a

liaison office with foreign government agencies for the sale of export

material.

7. Abwehrbeauftragter (Counter-Intelligence Agent)

In 1939 the defendant von Buelow was designated by the

firm to succeed to the position in the Gusstahlfabrik of military

& Abwehrbeauftragter. In this position he was responsible to the

Vorstand, and particularly to the Plant leader, and simultaneously to the

military Intelligence Office. Probably because of his position as

Abwehrbeauftragter the defendant von Buelow became at the same time

the head of the Werkschutz, and as such responsible to the Vorstand,

and the Plant Leader particularly, and administratively to the Personnel

Department. In 1943 the position was further extended to include the

position of political Haupt—Abwehrbeauftragter, with responsibility to

the Vorstand, the Plant Leader, the Gestapo, and the S.D.

8. Fuehrer des Betriebes and Betriebsfuehrer

The Gesetz zur Ordnung der Nationalen Arbeit (National

Labor Act) , 20 January 1934, introduced the Fuehrer principle into

the plants. "According to this law, every plant must be represented

and led by a Plant Leader. (The word "plant" referred to a physicals

operating unit in space..) Questions involving the welfare and.-- 70-.

working conditions of personnel in the plant were the responsibility

of the Plant Leader.

According to the law the position of Plant Leader in an

A.G. devolved upon the Vorstand, which was the legally constituted organ

and representative thereof. Since the Plant Leader must be actively

engaged in managing the plant it was permissible for the Vorstand to

designate one of its members as Plant Leader on its behalf, and such

was the case in the Gusstahlfabrik where Georens and later Houdromont,

the technical members of the Vorstand, were appointed to the position

Fuehrer des Betriebes. These appointments did not, however, relieve

the individual members of the Vorstand of their o riginal responsibility.

In actual practice, both before and after the statute, it

was the Personnel chief who formulated the general rules for the

governance of personnel in all the plants, and who actually performed

the duties of the top Plant Loader. Eventually recognition was given

to this fact, and the Personnel chief, Ihn, was named Deputy Fuehrer

des Betriebes.

In March 1943, Alfried Krupp's position as Proprietor was

accorded the title leader of all the concern plants, (Fuehrer derBetriebe).

In charge of the individual workshops - of which Gusstahl-

fabrik had about 100 -- was the Betriebsfuehr er (also translated as

Plant Leader). This position of Betriebsfuehrer existed lnKRUPP

long before the enactment of the aforementioned labor statute. He was

responsible for the operation of his workshop and for the welfare

of his personnel to his superior, the Betriebs Direktor (Plant

Director), who, in turn, was responsible to the Fuehrer dos Betriebes,

technical member of the Vorstand.

9. Plants Outside Essen

The plants located outside of Essen each had a Plant

Loader. If it were a self-contained corporate unit, and an

the Plant Leader was ordinarily the chairman of the Vorstand of that

corporative unit. Control by Essen was retained, as described above,

by means of memberships on the Aufsichtsraete of these units and by

the day-to-day dependence of the smaller units upon Essen and the

Essen management. Other plants were not operated as A.G. ' s, but in

some other form of corporate personality or in forms which were not

juristic persons. The mines, for example, were each headed by a mine

manager, and the group of mines owned by the particular corporate

unit were then managed by members of its Vorstand. Most direction of

mining business other than the purely technical aspects came

directly from the Essen management.

10. Plants in Occupied Territory

Ordinarily the management of the plants and other

properties, such as commercial or administrative organizations, mines,

etc., in occupied territories were headed by a representative sent from

Essen or upon the instructions of Essen and he might be accompanied

by a small staff, few of whom were in a managerial capacity, and most

of whom were technicians. The plants in the occupied territories-72-

frequently utilized the management or a part of the management

previously existing in the enterprise, and centralized control

within one or a very flew Krupp representatives. In some instances,

new corporate organizations were established for those plants, and

the Essen agent and some of his staff assumed positions similar to that in a

normal German corporate enterprise.

- 73 -

V. MAP, CHARTS AND TABLES

FRIEDRICH KRUPP (A.G.)

A.G. UNTERNEHMEN-GEN EISEN UNDSTAHL INDUSTRIE

KRUPPGERMANIAWERFT A.G. KRUPPGRUSONWERK A.G.

SIEG - LAHNBERGBAU G.M.B.H.

MININGSUBSIDIARIES

INDUSTRIALSUBSIDIARIES COMMERCIALSUBSIDIARIES

PLANT SECTIONS

AUSCHWITZPLANT GUSSTAHLFABRIK KRUPP

STAHLBAUFRIEDRICH - UKRAINEALFRED- HUETTE ENTERPRISES

SUBSIDIARIES

KRUPPBERTHAWERKE A.G.

DEUTSCHE SCHIFFSMASCHIENBAU

A. G.

KRUPPDRUCKENMUELLER

BERLIN-TEMPELHOF

KRUPPTREIBSTOFFSWERK

G.M.B.H.NORDDEUTSCHEHUETTE A G.

WESTFAELISCHEDRAHTINDUSTRIE

A. G.

BERNDORFER ELMAG KRUPP KRUPPMETALLWARENFABRIK WERKE BRUSSELS 5.4,ARTHUR KRUPPA G. G. M. B. H. S.A. PARIS

r Steel Center

HOUDREMONT

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NLK-12005 A

(page 2 of original) CHART C

Fried .Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

April 1934- April 1936

AufsichtsratChairman,

Gustav Krupp

GOERENS

Metallurgy,Steel Plants,Plant Leaderfrom 1 May

1934

Finance,Administration,Machine plante.

BUSCHFELD KLOTZBACH

CUNTZ

Deputy Vorstand -Member

Vorstand;

Mining,Trade,

Locomotive Plants

KORSCHAN ]

ArtilleryDesigning

Steel Plants,excluding Borbeck

Personnel Berlin Office Administration from

April 19_15

Foundry andend Mill 2

"Tear

EBERHARDT

ear material Sales

PFIRSCH RITTER E.MUELLER

GRIESSMANN

L wer material J

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT22.10.1947

IGOERENS

CUNTZ

Deputy Vorstand-Member

Metallurgy.steel Plants,Plant Leader

BUSCHFELDdied, 16.10. 1936

Finance,Administration,Machine Planta,

KLOTZBACH

Mining.Trade.

Locomotive plante]

I

ALFRIED KRUPP

from 1.10.1936

GRIESSMANN

War Material

HOUDREMONT

Steel Center,Research

Department

1 KORSCHAN BUELOW JANSSEN IHN

f teal Plants Special tasks tasks,Berlin Office

from April 1937

Personnel,Deputy

Abwehrbeauftragter

PFIRSCH ERICH MUELLER

Artillery Designing

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NIK - 12005 A

(page 3 of doe )Fried, Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

CHART D

April 1936 - Sept.1937

Vorstands-eMitglieder

Aufsichtsrat

Chairman;Gustav Krupp

1

[from October 1936 EBERHARDT

War Material sales I

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT

22.10.1947

GRIESSMANN

war material

ALFRIED KRUPP I

rLOESER j

JFinance, '

Administration J

CUNTZ

Deputy Vorstand- imember

KLOTZBACH

mining,

Trade,Loccmotive Plants.

GOERENS

Metallurgy,Steel Plants,

Machine Plants, i

Plant Leader

r

HOUDREMONTKORSCHAN l' JANSSEN IHN

Steel Center1

and Research-Steel Plants Berlin office personnel,

DeputyDepartment Abwehrbeauftragter

BUELOW

Special tasks

TRANSLATIONOFDOCUMENT NICK - 12005 A( page 4 of original )

Fried. Krupp A.G. and Gusstanlfabrik

October 1937 -September 1938

Aufsi chtaretChairman,

Gustav Krupp

Vorstands-Mitglieder

CHART E

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT22.10.1947

JANSSEN PF IRSCHEBERHARDT

Berlin OfficeWar Material

Sales

IHNPersonnel

E.MUELLER

Artillery Designing

KORSCHAN

Steel Center Steel Plants!II

and ResearchDepartment

HOUDREMONT

BEUSCH BUELOW

WelfareGeneral Administration

,

LEHMANN

Assistantto Ihn

rom February1940

KUPKE

Essen ExperimentalRange from 1939

r Abwehr

Beauftragterfrom Nov.1939

Works police from November

1939

Advertisingand press

EmployeeRelationsfrom 1940

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NICK • 12005A

(page 5 of original) CHART F

Fried. Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

October 1938 - March 1941

AufsichtsratChairman;

Gustav Krupp

J

Vorstand- GOERENS LOESER ALFRIED KRUPPMembers:

Metallurgy;Steel,Machine,

and

Finance,Trade,

Administration

Armament,Raw Material,

Mining

Locomotive Plants;Plant Leader

Deputy Directors,

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT22.10.1947

Deputy VorstandMembers:

HOUDREMONT

Steel Center,Research and

Material Testing

Vorstand Members:

LOESER

Finance,

AdministrationTrade,

Aufsichtsratchairman:

Gustav Krupp

Directors:a

BEUSCH BAUSCH IHNEBERHARDT

Welfare,General 1

Administration

Personnel War material

Sales

KUPKEBUELOW LEHMANN

Assistentto IhnT

Works police Advertisingand Press

Abwehr-Beauftragter

EmployeeRelations workers camps

from December1942

Essen

ExperimentalRange untilDec. 1942

TRTANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NIK -12005 A

(page 6 of original)Fried.Krupp A.G. and Gusstanlfabrik

April 1941 - April 1943.)

CHART G

(Handschriftliche Untersohrift) HAUPT22.10.1947

ALFRIED KRUPP

Chairman of the Vorstand

Vorstand GOERENS HOUDREMONT ERICH MUELLER JANSSENMembers:

Deputy Chairmanof Vorstand,Plant Leader

Metallurgy,Steel Plants.

Machine plantsfrom 26 Nov.

Artillery Designing,Machine plantauntil Nov.1943

Trade,Finance,

Administration

FRITZ MUELLER

Raw Material,'`1

Mining

LOESER

from 1.4.1943

withoutportfolio

1

KORSCHAN

Leader of Eastern Plants, Chairman

of BerthawerkeVorstand June 1943

TAbwehr-

Beauftragter

EBERHARDT IHN PFIRSCHGeneral Machine General

Sales personnel, Berlin officerAr

Administrationfrom Apr il 1943

RADEMACHER

7 Steel Sales

Labor Allocation

Office AEmployee Relations

LEHMAN

Assistantto Ihn

DeputyVors ndMembers.

LWOWSKI

Friedrich-Alfred-Huette

rWorks police

BUELOW KUPKE

Workers Camps

AdvertisingIand Press

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT NIK - 12005 A

(page 7 of original)

AufsichtsratChairman;Gustav Krupp

1

CHART H

Fried. Krupp A.G. and Gusstahlfabrik

April 1943 -December 1943

1943

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT22.10.1947

PFIRSCH RADEMACHER

KORSCHAN LWOWSKI EBERHARDT IHN

Leader of Eastern Friedrich- Armament and personnel.Plents, Chairman

of BerthawerkVorstand

Alfred-Huette Machine Sales GeneralAdministration,Deputy plantLeader fromSept 1944

Berlin office "Steel Sales

BUELOW

Works Police Employee

RelationsLabor Allocation

Office AAdvertisingand Press

Abwehr-Beauftragter

LEHMANN

Assistantto Ihn

TRANSLATION DOCUMENT NIK-12005A

(page 8 of original)

Fried. Krupp and Gusstanlfabrik

29 December 1943 - May 1945

CHART J

ALFRIED KRUPP

proprietor

Directorium GOERNS HOUDREMONT ERICH MUELLER JANSSEN FRITZ MUELLERMembers:

General,Plant Leaderto Sept 1944

Metallurgy,Steel and Maclaine

Plants,Plant Leader

from Sept 1944

[Artillery Dearing Trade,Finance, !

Administration

Raw Material,mining

Deputy Directorium

Members:

(Handschriiftliche Unterscarift) HAUPT22.10.1947

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT No.NIK-8673

OFFICE OF CHIEF of COUNSELFOR WAR CRIMES

AFFIDAVIT

I. Konrad Essen, having been duly warned that false statementson my part render me liable to punishment. herewith declare thefollowing on oath, being under no duress;

1) The attached lists of the members of the Vorstand of theFriedr. Kruppf A.G., consisting of ten (10) pages, includinglists of the members of the Aufsichtsrat and of the Vorstand

of subsidiary companies, have been compiled under my supervisionwith the assistance of Herrn Brombacher (in the economic

department ). These lists have been reviewed and correctedby us, We declare that we carried out the revision andcorrection to the best of our knowledge and belief.

have carefully read the pace of this affidavit as stated underoath and signed it personally, made the necessary corrections in

my own handwriting and signed them with my initials. and herewith

declare on my oath that I have spoken the truth in this statementto the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signature : Konrad HAUPT

Sworn to and signed before me this 28th day of May 197 at Essenby Konrad HAUPT known to me to be the person making the above

affidavit.

Signature: Irving BRILLIANT

U.S. Civilian A-441502

Office of Chief of Counsel for War Crimes

U.S. War Department

CERTIFICATE OF TRANSLATION

I, Julia Kerr, 20165. hereby certify that I am thoroughly conversant

with the English nd German Ianguages and that the above is a trueand correct translation of document No. NIK - 8673.

Julia KERR20185

END

I IliQ I 1, A I4

1 i I 1 I

j. . . 1 1 t ..V I I - I

It I I^ M. 1

Ute,

Freidr. Krupp A.G. Essen

Members - Periode

Fritz JohlitzBetrieb srat

August Lentze

1.9 35. 6 1936 j 1 1.93"(8 ;3 8 a 1939 2 , ^ ^ O !4 r 194-2 1942-3

1 1 1

Henry Nathan Alfred Olscher

Samuel Ritscher

Herman Schultz

Her man von Siemens

Heinrich Vielhaber

Karl Wendt

1, Each annual period covers 'the months of October thru September.Key: "M" indicates persons was 'a member for the period indicated. A

blank means a person w as definitely not a member for the period

indicated.

COPY OF DOCUMENT No. NIK 8673OFFICE OF CHIEF OF CO UNSELFOR WARS CRIMES CONT'D

(Handschriftliche Unterschrif) HAUPT- -28/5. 47.

Eduard .Houdremont

Heinz Korschan

Erich Mueller

Friede. Krupp A.G., Essen

Direktorium (Vorstand)COPY OF DOCUMENT No , NIK/8673OFFICE CF CHIEF OF COUNSEL

FOR WAR CRIMES CONT'D

Karl Pfirsch

1

-1

i I ^ I I ! ! t II i r { ■ DM DI^i , DM

I I 1 t ' DM DN PJfI 1 1 I

Nax Ihu1 1 Î D

T-

1 7-4 1 I1

I Î I I i DM I

•

1. Each annual period covers the month of October thru September.Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated,

.A blank means a person was definitely not a member of the (Haneschriftliche Unterschriet) HAUPT 28/5.47period indicated.

"D.M." means stellvertretendes Mitglied (deputy member .

Hans C. Rademacher

iWalter Lwowski

i93.5 .. 61 .1.3L-".1.3L-",.1.3L-",-7 i 1937°- 8 19.38-9 11939'-40 T 191;,O-41 19t#1 2^ 1942-3

I 1 1

._ _...^ .^. _ - -____— _ r-

ÿ i 1 DM i DM_ I..._ 4__

I DII DM I M_.....I__. ,_

Friedr. Krupp A.G. Essen

Direktorium (Verstand)

COPY CF DOCUMENT No. NIK- 8673OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL

FOR WAR CRIMES CONT'D

Member - Period 1131-2 J4-4 if-9? )-P-5 j 11935-6 t 936-7

Wilhelm Buschfold

Heinrich Cuntz

Paul. Goerens bn.Y.

Friedric h Janssen

Arthur Klotzbach M.

DM. 1.

Alfried Krupp M.

Ewald Loeser M. M.

1.

Key ;

Each annual period covers themonth of October thru September"M" indicated person wasindicated. A blank meansnot a member fe r the period indicated."DM" me ans ste Llvertretendes Mitglied

month of october

last A.G.Direkto-rium

( deputy member Haupt 28/5. 47

a membera person

for the periodwas definitely handschriftliche Unterschrift

Frïedr. Krupp Grusonwerke A,G. ------__'-_----- '--_-__--_Vorstand

.^ ^ . .-_'_--------- t ----- -^^-- - -^ ---- -r --------r--- --- ------' --- ---

Members Period i ^Iq^^-^ / 1935-6 `I^^^-7 ! Iq^7^^ ! I9^8-q

COPY OF DOCUMENT N. NIK - 8673CFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL

FOR WAR CRIMES CONNED

, I , /

-----_ ^

! I^^q -^0 ^I^6O-^] `192l-2 '--- ----

T//^

Arno Griessmann-------'-------- -------------_----------

l9qI-2

D/ '~

_-----~--------+---------^--~-----r--------+--_----+~---_--.1932-3 Ig^^-^ ' / ' / ' ' / / ^

^ ^ . . i ^| ! ' t . t !- / | t ' -^r----- -r------7-----^----

^ . . . / . . / '^ ^ DX ^ ]^ ^ D8 | { |^ ^ / ' . , / , , .

/^

| /-------^------^' ^--------^---- ----'| | ` ^

I ) | ^ ^^^----- ------- - .----^------1-

^

/

CarlKobizch ^m' m^` i DI' ^ m'. ^ DM. ' u' ^ D? ' M. .r. ^^, i M. ) ü^" 0^ |. ^^-^ _-_^--- - _--L -_--^'_-_-__ __--__---_--_-_-_--_^ ^i '

_----_-_ - ^---_---^_-__-_ ____i /

| ^"' ^

Friedrich Mehner[ ' - / - I^`. DJ. 2W, I hi.' ^~ ^, M. ^° _ --_-^^-^------^------'-^----- ---- — ---r------ --'- ------+--- -----^----^---^-'--^-

/ | ------ ---- '^

Herman Bammelt I^^___L^-^^^-------^---^^ I^^ / Dr---^-- ----- ------ -^.-------- '-----'--- /

/ -------- ----------- ` i |

_

Friedrich Tillmann I%^" ^^. | ^^" | I^^. | Ih^- ' DM; ! DM. |[0^` ' |'_--_-_L-_- -_--l-__--_ -_-___-_-]|^-..i_----I^^, / Z@^, / ^^, ^ I^^

1. Each annual periodcovers the month of October thru September.Key: "M' indicates person was a member for the period indicated.

A blank means a person was definitely not member for theperiod indicated.

"DM. indicates deputy member ( Stellvertretendes Vorstandsmitglied)

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5.47^

•

I Friedrich Janssen Friedrich Janssen I

A.G., fuer Unternehmungen der Eisen/ und Stahlindustri e,

Aufsichtsrat

Berlin

COPY OF DOCUMENT No. NIK--8673OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL-

FOR WARCRIMESCONT'D

931-2 p.9 2- I ^19.33-4 1 1934_75 I193576 1, 193 6.-7 14 3-937- 8 ;1938_9 1 .1939-401 .1 4c--1 4 1941-2 '1 12 :̀ 194?-4 I :1_944-745'

Gustav Krupp'

D'I

i;', .'4 . i L i M. Y. ï: Y. i M. i M. 1w. +I I I . t t I Y. 9 PJ r IThilo v.

Tilo v. Wilmowsky I I,+'. r ;r,, p,:, r, I 9 I t:'' 9 i M. I M. I M. ii. Il. i M. I N. t IuiE

t

{ t tt

t' I I i IGeorg Baur t I t t r I

{ I I {1 - I t

r t

Members - Period 1/

Wi lheim Buschfeld

Aifried Krupp

Ewald Loeser

{{

{ I Ir _

r , _ _>Ii i t l I-

iM. t NI. i N.t

bi, , M. I M. i P.T. I NI.

IIJ.

i M. I M. 1. } v/7. I II I Y. 1%

.. i _ I I tItt

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thru September.Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated.

blank means a person was definitely not a member for theperiod indicated.

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5,47

Friedr. KruppA.G. KielFriedr. Krupp Germaniawerft .Aufsichtsrat

COPY OF DOCUMENT No.NIK-8673OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COU NSELFOR WAR CRIMES CONT'D

' o -.i c 1 t }^9^t ^ 1^I^:1-2 ^ 1 2-._ i 19 _ _t^ r94 3 43 f 9-1^-4_,4

,^„ a I941-2 i + 932 -•• [1933-4 119 -' ,1° 6 1 6 1 -8 11938-9,1.1939-4Ér^bers - re^ ^c^. ,^/ , ^- ^^ 3 ,34 5 - - 5._. ,i g ? _^ ^ ^37 .;

Gus tav Krupp

- _ °..._ If _...

Wilhe lm Buschfeld I iv. !r I î i(. I M, thedl f-

stellvertr. Versitzer 1 ' ... I-t I 1 l

Georg Baur N I It%r e I ^ +

1

fan. 1^.-! 1 I f I i ( f i i i 1I i

1

III

_ 1 ^.__ I i T I_I M. I IV, 1 I I M. I M.

Hugo Mann tiT'B. I I I1

_{. _

i

I fI - 11._ I _.. f t t_

Alfried Krupp tI

I '

i Ir' , N. ; N. i I' i i W. I?, i N.

Hugo Hann

--..... _ 1 -._.._,._.1......_. .ç -,, _ _..i- 1 ___, _.,.__.._ I . ___I i I I 1 I I 1 ; N. i M. M. t M. î,

,. M.Ewaldd Loeser

i IHeusinger v. Waldegg I t 1 P5..__, 1 N, t M. I I M t I. 1 Y. i Ivr, ..M._r

l 1 1 1 I 1 1 I I 1 ï•Ferdinand WeidendorfTilov. Wilmowsky._,._Y.1M.M.

r, I IM, iM, ti^. j M, M. I M. ! M. I M.. ; M. ; M. ti fHeinrich Zorn

Friedrich 'Janssen

Albert Schroeder

Van. 1 Ii I ! 4 4 i 1 !I I Ii f 1 1 i 1^ . j M`

I 1 II I I !i 1. 1- ,

M, f M.

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thru September,Key: "M' indicates person was a Member for the period indicated.

A blank méans a person was definitely not a member for the periodindicated, (Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5.47

"V.d.B." is abbreviation for "Vertreter des Betriebsrates" orRepresentative cf the Fac t ory Council.

i M.

1.

Key:

Friedr .Krupp„ Germaniawerft A.G. KielVorstand, COPY OF DOCUMENT NO. NIK - 8673

OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSELFOR WAR CRIMES CANT'S

r

_^ ^_. ,members er .1Period / , 1931 -2 119.32 --3 933 Ii— ,1, 34-5 , 1935 6 , 1936_7 f 75937-8 ! 1938-9 i 1939-40,, 19l,-0--1 ,1941-2 ; 1942-31 3.943-4 1944-'45

Robert Hemprich

died 8,+ . I d• d i

. ■ 4.,36. .

- i -Johann Joeden ! N. Y. M. i

1 . . Î i i . . V .Karl Oesten DSl1, i i

. . . , . . i .1 i

Kurt v, Sanden ; . N. IVi, ; M. IV, ; iv'. ;

Gottlieb Jahn I DM. Did LW DM ( Dlti

_..__...LW DM

,

DItC,

, M.^t—_.__ -

1(,

M.

i .,I .

M. i W. , It,. W.1

1', i .1 1 I^r, 1 ,:

i

W. 1D1 ^ DM. BY.

Albert Schroeder r . M. 1, M. N. Y. Y. t it`, 1 W.

Rudolf Wiederholt I',._._._.. ^._....

i Div'.I D1n , W. D1>

Each annual period covers the months of October thru September."M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated.A blank means a person was definitely not a member for the (Handschriftliche Unterschrift)periods---:indicated."DM" indicates deputy member (Stellvertretendes Vorstandsmitglieder). HAUPT 28/5.47

.—

FRIEDR. KRUPP, GRUSONWERKE, A.G., MAGDEBURG. AUFSICHTSRAT. Copy ofDoc..,No.NIK-8673-OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL.FOR WAR CRIMES CONT'D

Members period 1/ r '12931-2 ':19 2-3 1 1933-4 1 1934-6 1935:-6 1936-7, 19371.8 1938_.9 1939-4o !1940-1.' :1941-2 11.942-3 1043-4 ; 1944_45 j

Gustav Krupp,^^orsi;tzer 4 IF, M, ' i • i I . M. i; . i , ^- N. t M. N, i Y. , N. it

Tilo v. Wilmowsky P I^. F , _ ^. M. f^^ I M. 1 aID M 1 N , ï^ 14'J^-

,,dzedClaus v. Bohlen u.Halbah ; l lD 4

1 I

Arno Griessmann 1 1 f M. i . t M. i M, , M. ,1 1 t

Otto Hardam i 1 Va. r VdB 1r

, , r

Friedrich Knatz• 1 VôE, 1 ; + 1 É 4 I F 1-

Al fried Krupp i ; i , An.- I M. 1 M. i M. o

_.._._._ ' _....Y'!w P`.._ I Y. I VT. i N, ;

t -. ; Vorsitzer

t , ti

IKarl Wendt t Y. , T"

1P. , N ' 3 . M.; h W I M ' M. I N. I M t Pf, 1

Erich Woitek t VdB. t I 1 I 1 i 1 É f1f 1 ►..,.__._.1____.... F_._...__. ._._ t__:. t C f' 1 t

t 1 1 1 `,■

.

I i ' t r tFriedrich Janssen i P . I M.

Ewald Loeser

1. Each annual period covers the months of October thruSeptember.Key; "M" indicates person was a memter for the period indicated,A blank means a person was definitely not a member for the

period indicated;" VdB" is Abbreviation for "Vertreter-des Betriebsrates" orRepresentative of the Factory Cauncil.

Haridsehrif tli che Unterschrift)_ HAUPT 28/5. 47

A.G. fuer Unternehmungen de Eisen- und Stahlindustrie

Verstand Berl in

COPY OF DOCUMENT NO. NIK-8673 OFFICE OF CHIEF OF COUNSEL

FOR WAR CRIMES CONT'D

Members - Period 1/ 'i 19.31 . --2 1 1932-3 i 1933-4 ^ 1934 ; i 1;'5 6 11 936 7 i.-937- 8 1193a 9 ci c39 21-e l94o 3. 11942 11942- 3 i l93-4944-45 T

I I I 1 .1 I i I I I I I

er I

iJohannes Schroeder 1 I 1 ï I t- -

llli } 1 i i 1 1 lAlfred Busemann-

j t I I I I t I I I M. 2^. 1 M. M. M. 1 'tyr: I fFredrich Janssen i ... 1 _'_ .__._. t ■ t i I ' { -

I 1 I i LI1 __-----.-_...

I I iI 1 ttHans C. Rademacher i _ !- -

r N. I Y.1 I ^.

Each annual period covers the months of Octoberthru September.Key: "M" indicates person was a member for the period indicated.

A blank means a person was definitely not a member for theperiod indicated.

(Handschriftliche Unterschrift) HAUPT 28/5.47