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Yojana (Malayalam) February, 2016 Price Rs.10/- RNI No.22588/72 Postal Regn.KL/TV(S)/29/2015-17Licensed to post without pre-payment : KL/TV(S)/WPP/172/2015-17
Published on 1st February 2016
C¥ym Kh-s◊‚ns‚ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv Unhn-j-\p-th≠n AUo-j-W¬ Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬ tUm. km[\m dmhpXvFkv.-_n. {] v (ss{]-h-‰v) enan-‰-Un¬ A®-Sn®v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ Kh. {] v tdmUn-ep-≈- tbm-P\Hm̂o-kn¬ \n∂v {]km-[\w sNøp-∂Xv.
Nôv FUn-‰¿ ̨ Zo]nI I®¬, ko\n-b¿ FUn-‰¿ ̨ [\y k\¬ sI.
ŝ{_p-hcn 2016 Hcp hnI-k\ ]{XnI 10
k¿hm-tcm-Kyw kºq¿W kuJywtZiob Btcm-Ky-\bw Ime-L-́ -ß-fn-eqsSsP hn B¿ {]kmZv dmhp
F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw: Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-t{]£ywkp̀mjv i¿Ω
BtcmKy t_m[-h-XvI-cWw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-IƒtUm. kRvPohv Ipam¿
BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpw kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpwtUm. N{µ-Im¥v elm-cnb
tUm. Àbv _mMv
t̂m°kvBZn-hmkn taJ-e-bnse BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w
{]tXyI teJ\wBtcmKyhpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw
sI. {io\mYv sdÕn
{]tXyI teJ\wBtcmKyhpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw
sI. {io\mYv sdÕn
hnI-k\ hoYn
]ƒkv t]mfntbm b⁄w ˛ 2016 cmjv{S-]Xn DZvLm-S-\w -sNbvXp
tZiob {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-hbv]p Zn\-amb P\p-hcn 17\v cmjv{S-]-Xn-̀ -h-\n¬ \S∂ NS-ßn¬
h®v A©p hb-kn\p Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ip™p-߃°v t]mfntbm Xp≈n acp∂p \evIns°m≠v
2016 se ]ƒkv t]mfntbm b⁄w cmjv{S-]Xn DZvLm-S\w sNb-Xp. t]mfntbm \n¿Ωm¿÷\
]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS `mK-ambn C¥y Kh¨sa‚ v cmPysØ GI-tZiw 17.4 tImSn-tbmfw Ip™p-
߃°v t]mfntbm Xp≈n acp∂v \evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. cmPyØv AΩ-am-cp-sSbpw \h-Pm-Xn-in-ip-
°-fp-sSbpw sS‰v\kv \n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]≤Xn 2015 sabv amk-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-s°m≠v C¥y
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 2015 Unkw-_-dntebv°v e£y-an´ BtKm-f-
t\´amWv cmPyw ap≥Iq´n ssIh-cn-®-Xv. CXn-eqsS Ncn-{X-]-c-amb t\´amWv Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-
bn¬ cmPyØn\v AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[n-®-Xv. tZiob Xe-Øn¬ t]mfntbm {]Xn-tcm-[--
Øn\v AXoh Pm{K-X-tbm-sS-bmWv cmPyw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv. temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS
am¿KtcJ {]Imcw C¥y-bnepw ]m°n-ÿm≥, A v̂Km-\n-ÿm≥, ss\Po-cn-b, Ima-dq¨,- kn-
dnb, FtXym-∏n-b, skmam-en-b, sI\nb F∂o F v́ cmPy-ß-fneqsSbpw k©-cn-°p∂ F√m
bm{X-°m-¿°pw t]mfntbm {]Xn-tcm[ IpØn-hbv]v \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-́ p-≠v. bm{X-°msc ]cn-
tim-[m-\m- hn-t[-b-am-°m\pw t]mfntbm sshd-kns‚ km∂n[yw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn-\pambn ASn-
b-¥nc {]Xn-I-cW ]≤Xn {]Imcw kwÿm-\-ß-fnepw tI{μ-̀ -cW {]tZ-i-ß-fnepw {ZpX-
I¿Ω tk\sb cq]o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Ip´n-Iƒ°v Cc´n kwc£ \evIp-∂-Xn-\pw t]mfntbm
\n¿Ωm¿÷\ e£y-߃ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn km[m-cW {]Xn-tcm[ ]≤-Xn-bmb Xp≈n acp-
∂n-s\m∏w C¥ym Kh¨sa‚ v IpØn-h--bv°m-hp∂ C≥-B-IvSn-th-‰Uv t]mfntbm hmIvkn≥
(C≥sP-Iv‰-_nƒ C≥ BIvSn-th-‰Uv t]mfntbm hmIvkn≥, -IVP) IqSn 2015 \hw-_¿ 30 apX¬
\evIn hcp-∂p. Akmw, KpP-dm-Øv,- ]-©m-_v,- _n-lm¿, -a-[y-{]-tZ-iv,- D-Ø¿{]-tZiv F∂o
Bdp kwÿm-\-ß-fn-emWv BZy-L-́ -Øn¬ CXv Bcw-̀ n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Ãm¿ v́ A]v C¥y kwcw`w {][m-\-a-{¥n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. Ãm¿ v́ A∏p-Isf
t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø\ ]≤Xn°pw XpS-°-am-bn.
C¥ybnse Ãm¿ v́ A]v kwcw`߃ 2016 P\p-hcn 17 \v {][m-\-a{¥n DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp.
Ãm¿ v́ A∏p-Iƒ°mbn 10000 tImSn-bpsS klmb [\w \o°n hbv°p-∂-Xmbn B£≥ πm\nse
{][m\ ]≤-Xn-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-°th {][m-\-a{¥n {]Jym-]n®p. BZysØ aq∂p h¿jw Ãm¿ v́
A∏p-Isf BZmb \nIp-Xn-bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-°n-bn-́ p-s≠∂pw At±lw hy‡-am-°n.Ãm¿´v
A∏p-I-fpsS t]‰‚ v ^okn\v 80 iX-am\w kuP\yw A\p-h-Zn-°pw.
]pI-bne D]-t`mKw Ipd-bv°m≥ "Fw skt -j≥'
]pI-bne D]-tbm-K- ZpioeØn¬ \n∂p ap‡n t\Sp∂Xn\v klm-b-I-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
´p≈ sFSn kt¶-X-amWv Fw skt -j≥. Hcp sl¬]v sse≥ cq]-Øn-emWv CXv {]h¿Øn-
°p-I. Xmev]-cy-ap-≈-h¿ t]cp-Iƒ c-Pn-ÿ sNøWw. AXn\p ankvUv Imƒ \evIn-bm¬ aXn.
Iu¨kn-enwMv ]c-kv]-c-ap≈ Fkv Fw Fkv hgn-bmWv \S-°p-I.
hnI-k\ hoYn
In¬°cn: {]k-h, inip-]-cn-]m-e\ hnh-c-߃ C\n {ihy-cq-]-Øn¬
samss_¬t^m¨ hgn-bp≈ Cu tkh-\-ØneqsS K¿ -̀[m-c-Ww, Ip™p-ß-fpsS P\-\w, inip
kwc-£Ww XpS-ßnb hnj-b-ßsf Ipdn-®p≈ t^m¨ ktμ-i-߃ Bgv® tXmdpw e`n-°pw.
aZ¿ B≥Uv ssN¬Uv {Sm°nwMv knÃ-Øn¬ t]cv cPn-ÿ sNbvXn-́ p≈ F√m K¿`n-Wn-
Iƒ°pw AΩ-am¿°pw Ah-cpsS K¿`m-h-ÿ, Ip™ns‚ hf¿® XpS-ßnb hnj-b-߃ kw_-
‘n®v Bgv® tXmdpw ktμ-i-߃ e`n-°pw. K¿ -̀[m-c-W-Øns‚ \memw Bgv® apX¬ Ip™n\v
Hcp hbkv BIp-∂Xp hsc CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ 72 ktμ-i-߃ apS-ßmsX FØpw. Hcp ktμiw
icm-icn c≠p an\n-‰m-Wv. Cu ktμ-i-߃ amXr inip BtcmKyØn\v A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-
N-cy-߃ Hcp-°p-∂-Xn\v kv{XoI-sfbpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw t_m[-h-Xv°-cn-°p-Ibpw im‡o-
I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu tkh\w kuP-\y-am-Wv. BZy L -́Øn¬ Pm¿°-WvUv, HUn-j,
DØ¿{]tZ-iv, DØ--cm-J-WvUv,- a-[y-{]-tZ-iv, cmP-ÿm≥ F∂o Bdp kwÿm-\-ß-fnemWv \S-
∏m-°p-I. lnμn, Cw•n-jv,- H-Unb F∂o `mj-I-fn-emWv ktμ-i-߃ cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-
°p-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv CXv F√m C¥y≥ `mj-I-fn-tebv°pw ]cn-̀ m-j-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. samØw
c≠p tImSn K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°pw K¿`ÿ inip-°ƒ°pw CXv {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amIpw F∂mWv
Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
ASHA thmf‚n-tb-gvkn-\mbn "samss_¬ A°m-Zan'
Bi h¿°¿amsc samss_¬ t^mWp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-\mbn cq]-I-
ev]\ sNbvXn-́ p-≈-XmWv Cu Bπn-t°-j≥. Hcn-°¬ cPn-ÿsN-bvXm¬ 240 an\n-‰p≈ Cu
tImgvkn¬ Ah¿°v samss_¬ t^mWn-eqsS Xs∂ ]T\w XpS-ßmw. ]T\w kuIcyw t]mse
]q¿Øn-bm-°n-bm¬ aXn. \mep ]mT-ß-fp≈ 11 A[ym-b-ß-fmWv ]mTy-]-≤-Xn. Hmtcm A[ym-
b-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-km-\-Øn¬ Iznkv ]cn-]m-Sn-bp-≠v.-\n-›nX am¿°p hmßn hnP-bn-°p∂ Bi-
thmf‚n-tb-gvkn\v Kh¨sa‚ns‚ k¿´n-̂ n-°‰v e`n-°pw.
]pXp-°nb tZiob £b-tcmK \n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]≤Xn
IqSp-X¬ tcmKn tI{μo-Ir-X-amIpw.
CXn-\mbn {]h-¿-Øn-°p∂ tSmƒ {^o \º-cmb 1800 ˛ 11 ˛ 6666 tcmKn-Iƒ°v 24 aWn-°qdpw
Iu¨kn-enMv Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ tkh\w \¬Ipw. ]cn-io-e\w t\Sn-bn-́ p≈ Bfp-Iƒ tkh\w
\S-Øp∂ Cu tImƒ sk‚-dp-Isf ]≤-Xn-bpsS tI{μ-hp-ambn _‘n-∏n-®n-́ p-≠v. sk‚-dn-tebv°v
ankvUv tImƒ \evIn-bm¬ NnIn’m-kw-_-‘-amb F√m hnh-c-ßfpw Cu tZiob tI{μ-Øn¬
\n∂p e`n-°pw. ]©m-_v, lcn-bm-\, OWvUnK-Uv, U¬ln F∂o kwÿm-\-ß-fn-emWv BZyw
Cu tI{μØns‚ tkh-\-߃ e`n-°p-I.
3tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
ae-bmfw ]Xn∏v : ‰n.kn 25/139, Kh-s◊‚ v {]kv tdmUv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ˛ 695 001. t^m¨ : 0471 ˛ 2323826
C -̨sa-bn¬ : [email protected]
sh_vssk‰v : www.yojana.gov.in
C -̨sa-bn¬ : [email protected]
hcn-kwJy/_nkn-\kv kw_-‘-amb hnh-c-߃°v : [email protected]
Bkq-{X-Whpw hnI-k-\hpw e£y-am°n ae-bm-fw, Cw•o-jv, lnμn, _wKm-fn, Xan-gv, Ak-an-b, adm-Tn, sXep-¶v, KpP-dm-Øn, Ddp-Zp,
]©m-_n, I∂-S, Hdnb F∂o 13 `mj-I-fn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
Cw•ojv tbmP-\-bpsS hcn-kwJym kw_-‘-amb At\z-j-W-߃°v Fgp-tX≠ hnemkw:
_nkn-\kv amt\-P¿ (k¿°p-te-j≥ B‚ v AUz¿ssS-kvsa‚ v) ]ªn-t°-j≥kv Unhn-j≥, dqw \w. 48˛53, kqN\m `h≥, knPnH
tImwπ-Ivkv, tem[n tdmUv \yqU¬ln 110 003
hcn-kwJy: Hcp h¿jw 100/˛, c≠p- h¿jw 180/-̨ , aq∂p h¿jw 250/˛
tbmP-\-bn¬ A®-Sn®p hcp∂ teJ-\-ß-fnse A`n-{]mbw teJ-I-cp-tS-Xm-bn-cn°pw; Ah k¿°m-cn-t‚-Xm-I-W-sa-∂n-√. ]c-ky-ß-
fpsS D≈-S-°-Ønepw tbmP-\bv°v DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an-√.
tbmP-\-bpsS Dt±iyw hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ktμiw \msSßpw FØn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ]t£ CXn¬ HutZym-KnIm`n-{]m-b߃°p am{X-a√
ÿm\w \evI-s∏-Sp-I. P\m-̀ n-em-j-ß-fp-sSbpw ss\cm-iy-ß-fp-sSbpw IÆmSn IqSn-bm-Wv tbmP-\.
Ih¿ : Pn.-]n. t[ms]
s^{_p-hcn 2016 hmeyw 44 e°w 7
No v̂ FUn-‰¿:
Zo]nI I®¬
Cu e°-Øn¬
ae-bmfw ]Xn∏v
ko\n-b¿ FUn-‰¿:
[\y k\¬ sI.
FUn-‰¿ C≥ Nm¿Pv:
sP. atljv Ipam¿
k¿hm-tcmKywkºq¿W kuJyw
4tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
teJ-\-߃ £Wn-bv°p∂p
kºZv hyh-ÿ, Btcm-Ky, hnZym-̀ ym-k, kmaq-ly-t£a
taJ-e-I-fnse {]h-W-X-Iƒ F∂nh ÿnXn-hn-hc
IW-°p-I-tfmsS hni-I-e\w sNøp∂
teJ-\-߃hnZ-Kv≤-cn¬\n∂pw Kth-jW hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬\n∂pw
£Wn-°p-∂p
hnemkw:]{Xm-[n-]¿, tbmP-\, Kh. {] v tdmUv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 001
C -̨sa-bn¬ :
5tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
k¿hm-tcmKyw kºq¿W kuJyw
7 tZiob BtcmKy \bw Ime-L-́ -ß-fn-eqsS
sP.-hn.B¿. {]kmZv dmhp
10 F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw: Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-t{]£yw
tUm. kp`mjv i¿Ω
16 BtcmKy t_m[-h-XvI-cWw t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ
tUm. kRvPohv Ipam¿
20 BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpw kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpw
tUm. N{μ-Im¥v elm-cnb
23 F®v.-sF.-hn. \nhm-cW ZuXyw: Hcp hnI-k\ hnPb amXrI
A¬°m \mcw-Kv, Gbv©em Nu[cn
26 t^m°kv
BZn-hmkn taJ-e-bnse BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w
tUm. A`bv _mMv
30 Btcm-Ky-̀ m-c-XØns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ine-Iƒ
aocm an{i
33 {]tXyI teJ\w
Btcm-Kyhpw kpÿnc hnI-k-\hpw
sI. {io\mYv sdÕn
37 "F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw' C¥y-bn¬: Hcp {]mtbm-KnI hni-I-e\w
tUm. a\ojv Ipam¿
40 `n∂-ti-jn-°m-cpsS hnI-k\w
tUm. \μ-Ip-am¿ \mb¿
44 BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv taJ-e-bpsS {]m[m\yw
A`n-emjv ]n.-B¿.
49 \K-cm-kq-{XWw: sNss∂ {]fbw \¬Ip∂ ]mT-߃
tUm. Xmc sI.-Pn.
54 \n߃°-dn-bmtam?
D≈S°w� s^{_p-hcn 2016 �hmeyw 44 �e°w Ggv
6tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
tZiob hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ {]Yaw BtcmKywtZiob BtcmKy \bw (1983) \S-∏m-°n-b-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ {]Jym-]\w
C¥ym Kh¨sa‚ns‚ s]mXp \b- ]cn-]m-Sn-bmbn amdn-bXv. BtcmKy]q¿W-amb cmPy-Øn-\mbn \mw
sNe-h-gn-°p∂ ]W-Øn\v B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn kXv̂ -e-߃ \ap°p≠mhWw. kmº-ØnI hf¿®bpw
P\-ß-fpsS sa®-s∏´ Btcm-Kyhpw XΩn¬ i‡-amb _‘w D≠v F∂v hnZ-Kv[¿ Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-®n-́ p-
≈-Xm-Wv. AsXmcp BZm\ {]Zm\ _‘-am-Wv. Kpcp-X-c-amb tcmK-ß-fp≈ P\-Xbv°v Hcn-°epw cmjv{S-
Øns‚ hnI-k\ {]{In-b-bn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Im≥ km[n-°n-√. adp-h-iØv BtcmKy kpÿn-c-X-bn-√mØ
Hcp cmjv{S-Øn\v hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ I\Ø Xncn-®-Sn-I-ƒ D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw.
Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e-\w P\-ß-fn-tebv°v FØn-°p-∂Xn-\p≈ Xmt°m¬ LSIw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv AXn-
\p e`y-am-°p∂ kmº-ØnI klmbw Xs∂. cmPysØ G‰hpw henb s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy tkh\
kwhn-[m\w \S-Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp∂Xp Kh¨sa‚p Xs∂bmsW-¶nepw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS hen-b- i-X-
am\w ]te Imc-W-߃ sIm≠v NnIn-’bv°pw a‰pw kzImcy taJ-esb B{i-bn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-
Ip-∂p. tcmK NnIn’ CS-Ø-c-°m¿°pw Xmgv∂ hcp-am-\-°m¿°pw C∂v G‰hpw sNe-th-dnb H∂mbn
amdn-bn-́ p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂ {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ tkh\w sa®-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ]cn-{iaw
Kh¨sa‚ v XpS-cp-tºmgpw, kzImcy taJ-ebpsS- tk-h\w X≈n-°-f-bp-∂n-√. C¥y t]mse hnim-e-amb
cmPyØv c≠p taJ-e-Ifpw kl-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Hcp BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ kwhn-[m-\ \b-am-bn-cn°pw
KpW-{]Zw. AXn-eqsS am{Xsa cmPy-Øns‚ hnZq-c-amb P\-]-Y-ß-fn¬ BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ FØn-
°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p. kzImcy taJ-esb ^e-{]-Z-ambn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v s]mXp-P\ BtcmKy
hnI-k\ e£y-߃ ssIh-cn°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿§-amWv BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv taJ-e. BtcmKy C≥jp-
d≥kn-eqsS NnIn-’bv°v Bh-iy-amb ]Ww e`y-am-°m≥ Kh¨sa‚ v IrXy-amb kwhn-[m\w Bkq-
{XWw sNø-Ww. Btcm-Ky-\bw 2015 IcSv C°m-cy-Øn¬ ap≥ \b-ß-fn¬ kw -̀hn® ]ng-hp-Iƒ Xncp-
Øm≥ {ian-®n-́ p-≠v. km[m-cW IpSw-_-Ønse GsX-¶nepw AwK-Øns‚ NnIn’bv°mbn th≠n hcp∂
henb kmº-ØnI `mcw B IpSp-_-Øns‚ F√m hn -̀h-ßfpw tNm¿Øn sIm≠p t]mhp-Ibpw, Ahsc
\nXy Zmcn-{Zy-Øn-tebv°pw h≥- E-W-_m-[y-Xbntebv°pw X≈n hnSp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. AXn-\m¬ BtcmKy
\bw {i≤n-t°-≠Xv km¿h-{XnI BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bv°p≈ Icp-X-en-em-Wv. AXm-bXv ]mh-s∏-́ -h¿°pw
]m¿iz-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-́ -h¿°pw Bh-iy-ambnh-cp∂ sshZy ]cn-tim-[\-Iƒ, acp-∂p-Iƒ, kmº-ØnI
klmbw XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ henb ap≥K-W\ A¿ln-°p-∂p.
BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ, Iuam-c-°m¿, bph-P-\-߃, hS-°p-In-g°v {]hniy-bnse kv{XoIƒ F∂n-h¿°v BtcmKy
tkh-\-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn e`y-am-°pI F∂-XmWv as‰mcp sh√p-hn-fn. BZn-hmkn taJ-e-bnse BtcmKy
tkh\Øn\v hyXy-kvX-amb kao-]-\-amWv Bh-iyw. AXv tKm{Xh¿K tI{μo-IrX-am-bn-cn-°Ww. CXn\v
B taJ-e-bnse P\-ß-fpsS kl-I-c-Whpw im‡o-I-c-Whpw ]q¿W-ambn Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. IqSmsX
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bØneqsS Ah-cpsS BtcmKy km£-c-Xm \n-e-hmcw Db¿Øn Ah-cpsS hn⁄m-\-]-chpw
ioe-]-c-hp-amb am‰ØneqsS Cu {]Xn-k‘n X{¥-]-c-ambn XcWw sNø-Ww.
[\z-¥-cn-bp-sSbpw Nc-I-s‚bpw ip{ip-X-s‚bpw AXn kº-∂-amb sshZy ip{iqjm ]mc-ºcyw kz¥-
am-bp≈ cmPy-amWv C¥y. h¿j-ß-fmbn Kh¨sa‚ v Cu ]mc-º-cy-߃ hnhn[ ]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsS
XpS¿∂p hcp-∂p. {]mY-anI BtcmKy tkh-\-w i‡-am-°p-I, Cu taJ-e-bnse Poh-\-°m-cpsS FÆw
h¿[n-∏n-°pI F∂-XmWv Ct∏m-gsØ Bhiyw. kzImcy taJ-esb h≥tXm-Xn¬ B{ibn°mØ coXn-
bn¬ thWw \b-cq-]o-I-c-Ww. i‡-amb \nb-a-߃ hgn kzm¿∞ Xmev]-cy-߃ \nb-{¥n-°p-Ibpw
thWw.
Btcm-Ky-w kºØv ˛ \mw Ft∏mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ B]vX-hm-Iy-am-Wv. ImcWw Btcm-Ky-ap≈
hy‡n kz¥w Imcy-Ønepw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw, cmPy-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw _≤-{i-≤-
\m-bn-cn-°pw. Btcm-Ky-ap≈ P\-k-aq-l-amWv t\´ßfpw, hnI-k-\e£y-ßfpw ssIh-cn-°p-I, C¥ysb
Du¿÷-kz-eam°n \ne-\n¿ØpI.
]{Xm-[n-]-°p-dn∏v
7tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
tZiobBtcm-Ky-\bwIme-L-´-ß-fn-eqsS
sP.-hn.-B¿ {]kmZv dmhp
Ign™ Bdv Zi-I-߃°nsS C¥y-bnsetZiob BtcmKy `c-W-cw-KØv {]Jym-]n® aq∂m-
asØ IcSv tZiob BtcmKy \b-amWv 2014 ¬
D≠m-b-Xv. A¬am B‰m {]Jym-]-\--Øns‚
XpS¿®bmbn c≠m-bn-cm-am-t≠msS Gh¿°pw
BtcmKyw F∂ BtKmf ho£-W-tØmsS 1983¬
tZiob Btcm-Ky-\-b-Øn\v cq]w \¬Inbncp-∂p.
ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-hn-I-k-\w, {]mY-anI Btcm-
Ky-c£, anI® ]cn-io-e\w e`n® Btcm-Ky -{]-
h¿Ø-I-cpsS t{iWn F∂n-hbv°v \bw Du∂¬
\¬In. F∂m¬ Bh-iy-amb hn -̀h-߃°v A\p-
k-cn®v t\Sm-hp∂ e£y-߃ hy‡-ambn \n¿Δ-
Nn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-́ tXmsS {]kvXpX \bw
GXm≠v Hcp Z¿i-\-tc-J-bmbn Npcpßn F∂v ]d-
bmw. Gh¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ e£y-Øn\v ASp-
sØßpw FØm≥ 2000-̨ ¬ cmPy-Øn\v Ign-™n-
cp-∂n√ F∂ Imcyw \nkvX¿°-am-Wv.
2000 se kl-{km_vZ {]Jym-]-\hpw
BtKmfXeØn¬ \nch[n hnIk\ e£y߃
BtcmKycwKØv Gs‰SpØXpw 2002 ¬ ]pXnb
tZiob BtcmKy \bØn\v cq]w \¬Ip∂Xn\v
B°w Iq´n. Gh¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ e£yw
t\Sp∂Xn¬ D≠mb t]mcmbvaIfpw sh√p-hn-fn-
Ifpw Xncn®dn™ 2002 se \bw P\ßfpsS
BtcmKy\nehmcw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\v {]mtbm-
Kn-I-amb kao]\w kzoIcn®p F∂v ]dbmw.
P\߃°v BtcmKy\nehmcw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-
ep≈ XSk߃ Is≠Øm≥ \bw hnPbw
I≠p. BtcmKycwKsØ sNehv hnlnXw 10
h¿jØn\Iw Pn.Un.]n bpsS Hcp iXam\sa∂
\nebn¬ \n∂v c≠v iXam\ambn Db¿Ø-W-sa∂v
\bw ip]m¿i sNbvXp. {]mYanI BtcmKy
tkh\Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬Inb \bw BtcmKy
taJebnse samØw sNehns‚ ]IpXnbpw
{]mYanImtcmKy cwK-Øm-bn -cn -°-W-sa∂pw
\njvI¿jn®p. ASpØ 10 h¿jØn\Iw
ssIhcn°mhp∂ e£y߃ \n›bn°phm\pw
CXmZyambn 2002 se \bØn\v Ign™p.
BtcmKy taJebnse Kh¨sa‚ v sNehv
h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\mbn Gsd {iaw D≠msb¶nepw
XpS¿∂pff 10 h¿jßfnepw AXv PnUn]nbpsS
Hcp iXam\w F∂ \nebn¬ Gsd°psd
ÿncamb \nebn¬Øs∂ XpS¿∂p. tcmK
\nb{¥Ww, amXrinip BtcmKyw XpSßn Nne
cwK-ß-fn¬ e£yw t\Sm-\m-sb-¶nepw a‰p ]e cwK-
ß-fnepw e£yw t\Smt\m Zcn-{Z-̨ -]m¿iz-hXvIrX
hn`m-K-߃°v Xpey BtcmKy tkh\w Dd-∏p-h-
cp-Ømt\m tbmKy-cmb BtcmKy {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS
Ipdhv t\cn-Smt\m cmPy-Øn\v Ign-™n-√.
2014 se IcSv tZio-bm-tcm-Ky-\bw ]e Xc-
Ønepw hn`n-∂-amb kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°p∂p
F∂Xv Dt∑-j-Zm-b-I-am-Wv. \b-cq-]o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬
kpXm-cy-X-bm¿∂ kao-]\w kzoI-cn®psIm≠v
IcSv \bw s]mXp P\-߃°pw hnZKv[¿°pw
N¿®°v \¬In {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ Kh-s◊‚ v ]cn-
tim-[n-®p. Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bn¬ ]e Xc-Øn-ep-ap-
≠m-Ip∂ am‰-߃ IcSv \bw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp.
BtcmKy tkh\ cwKsØ sNe-hp-Iƒ `oa-ambn
Db¿∂p-sh-∂Xpw Zmcn-{Zy-Øn\v AXv Hcp {][m\
8tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
Imc-W-ambn amdn F∂Xpw \bw Xncn-®-dn™p
F∂-XmWv G‰hpw {][m-\w. IpSpw-_-Øns‚ hcp-
am-\-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ h¿≤-\bpw Kh¨sa‚ns‚
Zmcn-{Zy-\n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \njv{In-b-am-
°m≥ BtcmKy tkh\ sNe-hp-I-fnse `oa-amb
h¿≤\ CS-bm-°p-∂p. BtcmKy cwKsØ IpXn-
®p-b-cp∂ sNe-hns‚ `mcw aqew he-bp∂ IpSpw-
_-ß-fpsS FÆw Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-am-Wv. P\-ß-
fpsS samØ-Øn-ep≈ Btcm-Ky-\n-e-hmcw sa®-s∏-
Sp-Øp-∂ {ia-߃t°m tZiob tcmK-\n-b-{¥W
]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒt°m A√ adn®v {]Xyp-Xv]m-Z\ ̨ inip
Btcm-Ky-tk-h-\-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-´ sNe-
hnemWv h≥ h¿≤\ D≠m-Ip-∂-sX∂v \bw Nq≠n-
°m-´p-∂p.
\oXn, km¿hn-I ]¶m-
fnØw F∂o apJy-X-Xz-߃
]n¥p-S¿∂v BtcmKy kwhn-
[m-\-߃°v cq]w \¬Ip-∂-
Xn¬ Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]¶v
hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xnepw i‡n-
s∏-Sp -Øp∂Xnepw BWv
IcSv tZiob \bw Du∂¬
sImSp-Ø-Xv. F∂m¬ Hcp
Z¿i\ tcJbpw tZiob
\bhpw XΩn¬ ImX-emb
hyXym-k-ap-≠v. tZiob \bw e£y-{]m-]vXn°v
Bh-iy-amb hn -̀h-߃ Fs¥∂v \n›-bn-°p-∂-
Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww. \nb-{¥W˛hn-I-k\ L´-ß-fn¬
Kh¨sa‚ns‚ ]¶v F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xn\v
\bw Du∂¬ \¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Ct∏m-gsØ Ic-
Sn¬ ]d-bp∂ e£y-߃ t\´-ß-fm°n ]cn-
h¿Ø\w sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\p≈ ka-b-{I-aw
\n›-bn-t°-≠Xpw Bh-iy-amb kmº-ØnI
kmt¶-XnI hn -̀h-ßfpsS e`yX Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xp-
am-Wv.
\bw \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn 10 apX¬ 15 h¿jw
hsc ka-b-{Iaw \n›-bn-°Ww. t\ -́ßfpw e£y-
ßfpw 2015 sk]vXw-_-dn¬ sFIy-cmjv{S s]mXp-
k-̀ -bn¬ a‰p cmPyßtfm-sSm∏w C¥y AwKo-I-
cn® Btcm-Ky- cw-KsØ kpÿn-c- hn-I-k\
e£yhp-ambn tN¿∂p t]mIp-∂-Xp-am-I-Ww. Hcp
ASn-ÿm-\-XXzw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xpey-Xbv°v
Du∂¬ sImSp-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. 2015 se hnI-k\
AP≥U-°p-tijw Bcpw am‰n \n¿Ø-s∏-S-cpXv
F∂ BtKm-f-XXzw tZiob \b-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-
W-Ønepw {]Xn-̂ -en-°Ww F∂v Npcp-°w.
PnUn-]n-bpsS \n›nX iX-am\w F∂ \ne-
bn¬ Btcm-Ky-cw-KØv tkh\w e`y-am-°m≥ Bh-
iy-amb \nt£-]-Øns‚ tXmXv 2002 se \b-amWv
BZy-ambn kqNn-∏n-®-Xv. CXv t\Sm≥ {ian-®n-cp-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ PnUn-]n-bpsS 2% BtcmKy cwKØv sNe-
h-gn-°p∂ {_ko¬, {ioe¶ XpS-ßnb cmPy-ß-fp-
ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-hm≥ \ap°p Ign-bp-am-bn-
cp-∂p. Cu Ak-¥p-en-Xm-hÿ \o°m≥ e£y-an-
Sp-∂-XmWv ]pXnb \bw.
BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬
sNehv sNtø≠ hnlnXw
kw_-‘n®v kwÿm\
Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°pw e£yw
\¬I-Ww. hnI-knX kº-
Zvhy-h-ÿ-I-fnepw \ΩpsS
Ab¬cm-Py-amb {ioe-¶-
bnepw tIc-f -Ønepw
Kh¨sa‚ v sNe-hns‚ 11%
h n \ n - t b m - K n - ° p - ∂ X v
BtcmKy taJ-e-bn-em-Wv. sa®-s∏´ `cW kwhn-
[m-\-ßfpw BtcmKy tkh\w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-
\p≈ \nba N -́°qSpw ̂ e-{]-Z-amb BtcmKy \b-
Øns‚ kp{]-[m\ LS-I-ß-fm-Wv.
`c-W-L-S-\-b-\p-k-cn®v BtcmKyw kwÿm\
hnj-b-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw P\-kwJym \nb-
{¥Ww, tcmK \nb-{¥-W-̨ -\n¿Ωm¿÷\ ]cn-]m-Sn-
Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS \S-Øn-∏n¬ tI{μ-K-
h¨sa‚n\pw Xpey DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ap-≠v. tI{μ-kw-
ÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Ifpw DØ-c-
hmZnØ-ßfpw IrXy-ambn \n¿h-Nn-t°≠Xpw
\n¿h-ln-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-ap-≠v. kmaqly t£a ]cn-
]m-Sn-Iƒ°mbn tI{μ-K-h¨sa‚ v kwÿm-\-
߃°v IqSp-X-embn klmbw FØn-°p∂ kml-
N-cy-Øn¬ P\-ß-fn-te°v Btcm-Ky-tk-h\w
9tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
FØn-t°≠ kwÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS DØ-
c-hm-ZnØw Gdp-I-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ch-sb√mw
kw_-‘n®v Ahy-‡-X- Ct∏mgpw XpS-cp-∂p.
hyXykvX kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-߃°nS-bn¬
BtcmKy \ne-hm-c-Øn-¬ \n\\nev°p∂ hnShv
ImWn-°p-∂Xv \n›nX Btcm-Ky-tk-h\w Ahn-
SpsØ P\-߃°v Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwÿm\
Xe-Øn-ep≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-an-√mbvabmWv. tI{μ-
-̨kw-ÿm\ Kh¨sa‚p-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-Iƒ hy‡-
ambn \n¿h-Nn-°p-hm≥ ]p-Xnb \b-Øn\v Ign-
™m¬ AXv Hcp- h≥hn-Pbw Xs∂bmbn-cn-°pw.
]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n\p ssIh-cp∂ hntI-{μo-I-
cW kz`mhw ]pXnb tZiob Btcm-Ky-\-b-Øns‚
{][m\ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. tIhew hn -̀h-ssI-am-
‰-Øn¬ HXp-ßmsX ^o¬Uv Xe kw-L-S-\-Isf
anI® {]I-S\w ImgvN-h-bv°m≥ sIev]p-≈-h-cm-
°m\pw DØ-c-hm-ZnØw \n›-bn-°m\pw ZuXy-
Øn\v Ign-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.
Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ \nba
A¥-co£w \ne-hn¬ Gsd k¶o¿Æ-am-Wv.
BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ F√m hn`m-K-߃°pw
{]tXy-In®v Zcn-{Z-̨ -]m¿iz-hXvIr-X- hn-̀ m-K-߃°v
FØn-°m≥ X°-hÆw \nba kwhn-[m-\hpw amd-
Ww. ASn-ÿm\ BtcmKy tkh\w cmPysØ
Hmtcm ]uc-s‚bpw {]mY-an-I-amb Ah-Im-i-am-I-
Ww. BtcmKyw auen-Im-h-Im-i-ambn {]Jym-]n-
°m\pw kwÿm\߃°v AXv Gs‰-Sp-°m\pw
X°-hn[w ]pXn-sbmcp {Iaw \bØn¬ hn`m-h\w
sNøp-∂p≠v. ]pXnb \b-Øns‚ Cu hiw hni-Z-
ambn N¿® sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v. kwÿm\
Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ am{X-a-√, \nb-a-hn-Z-Kv[cpw s]mXp
{]hØ-Icpw CXn¬ `mK-`m-°m-IWw F∂Xv
kp{]-[m-\-am-Wv. kq£va-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ønbpw a\-
n -em -°nbpw am{Xta tI{μ-˛ -kw -ÿm\
Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°v CXns‚ ^e-{]-Z-amb \S-Øn-
∏n-te°v IS-°m\mhq.
km¿h-{XnI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂Xv
BtKmf kpÿnc hnIk\ e£yØns‚ Hcp
`mKamWv. CXv Hcp tZiob e£yambn tI{μ
Kh¨sa‚ v XXzØn¬ AwKoIcn®p Ign™p.
F∂m¬ CXv {]tbmKØn¬ sIm≠phcm≥ th≠
^≠v C\nbpw hI bncpØnbn´n√. acp-∂p-Iƒ,
tcmK-\n¿Wbw F∂nh Dƒs∏sS ]q¿W kmº-
ØnI klm-b-tØm-sS-bp≈ BtcmKy tkh\w
Zcn-{Z-˛-]m¿iz-h-XvIrX hn`m-K-߃ Dƒs∏sS
Gh¿°pw FØn-°pI F∂Xv e£y-Øns‚
{][m\ `mK-am-Wv. Xmgv∂ CS-Øcw hcp-am-\-
°m¿°v saUn-°¬ C≥jp-d≥kv tkh-\hpw
CXns‚ `mK-ambn hcpw.
^m¿a-kyq-́ n-°¬ cwKØv temIØv H∂mw
ÿm\Øv \n¬°p∂ cmPy-amWv C¥y. AtXm-
sSm∏w B{^n-°, Gjy F∂o- `qJWvUß-fnse
cmPy-߃°v Poh≥ c£m acp-∂p-Ifpw \¬In hcp-
∂p. temI-hym-]mcw, _u≤nI kzØ-h-Imiw XpS-
ßnb cwK-ß-fn¬ kp{]-[m\ A`n-{]m-bhpw \Ωp-
°p≠v. CXns‚sb√mw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cmPym-
¥c cwKØv \ΩpsS Npa-Xe \mw ]p\¿ \n¿W-
bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. hntZ-i-k-lmbw kzoI-cn-
°p∂ Hcp cmjv{Sw F∂ \nebn¬ \n∂pw a‰v cmPy-
߃°v kmº-ØnI kmt¶-XnI klmbw FØn-
°m≥ Ign-bp∂ \ne-bn-te°v C¥y amdn-°-gn-™p.
CXv \ΩpsS Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bnepw {]Xn-^-en-
°Ww.
kmº--ØnI hnI-k\w, kmaqlnI kpc-£n-
X-Xzw, ]mcn-ÿnXnI kpÿn-cX F∂o aq∂v
XqWp-I-fn¬ \n∂p sIm≠p≈ hnI-k\ ]mX-bn-
emWv C¥ybn∂v. Cu e£y߃ t\Sm≥ X°
kao-]\w ]pXnb tZiob Btcm-Ky-\bw {]ISn∏n-
t°-≠-Xp-≠v. e£yw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xnepw kmº-
Øn-I, kmt¶-XnI `cW ]n¥pW \¬In AXv
t\Sp-∂-Xnepw {]mtbm-KnI kao-]\w Im´p-Ibpw
thWw.
(ap≥ tI{μ BtcmKy sk{I-́ -dn-bm-bn-cp∂
teJ-I≥ Ct∏mƒ Fjym-s]-k-̂ nIv doP-Wnse
F®v-sFhn/FbnUvkv kw_‘ hnj-b-ß-fn¬
bpF-∂ns‚ {]tXyI Npa-X-e-°m-c-\mbn
{]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p.)
10tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
tUm.-kp-̀ mjv i¿Ω
F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw:Hcp A¥m-cmjv{S ]cn-t{]£yw
F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ k¶ev]wkmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-Øns‚ ka{K amXr-Isb ASn-
ÿm-\-am-°n-bp-≈-XmWv. ChnsS a\pjycpsS
kuJy-Øn-\mWv {]Ya ]cn-K-W-\. kmaq-lnI
hnI-k-\tØ-°mƒ hfsc Npcp-ßn-bXpw ]cn-Wm-
a -hn -t[-b-hp -amb a\pjyhnI-k\w F∂
k¶ev]Øn¬ aq∂p LS-I-߃ D≠v ˛
hy‡nbpsS kmº-Øn-I- hf¿®, hnZym-`ymk
Db¿®, Btcm-Kyw (-Bbp¿ssZ¿Lyw). A¥m-
cmjv{S BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w IqSp-X¬ taJ-e-Isf
Dƒs°m-≈m-\mWv {ian-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ F√m-
h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ ]≤-Xn-bm-Is´ P\-ß-
fpsS kuJy-Øn\pw ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p-amWv
Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv. A¥m-cmjv{S BtcmKy ]cn-
c£bn¬ BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn\v ]Ww kzcq-
]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mWv Du∂¬. AXm-bXv cmPy-sØ
F√m Bfp-Iƒ°pw BtcmKy ]cn-c£ e`y-am°p-
∂-Xn-\mbn s]mXp-P-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw kzmImcy
ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a‰v ]¶m-fnØ taJ-e-I-
fn¬ \n∂p-sa√mw ]Ww kzcq-]n-°p-∂p (hy‡n-]-
c-amb kw`m-h-\-Ifpw CXn¬ Dƒ-s∏-Spw). F√m-
h¿°pw BtcmKyw ]≤-Xn-bm-I-s´, cmPy-Øns‚
s]mXp JP-\m-hn¬ \n∂v ]Ww- Is≠Øn P\-
ß-fpsS BtcmKyw kwc-£n-°p-∂p. A¥m-cmjv{S
BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bn¬ Hcp Iq´w {]mY-anI
BtcmKy tkh-\-ß-fmWv e`n-°p-I. CXv {][m-\-
ambpw kzImcy C≥jp-d≥kv Iº-\n -Iƒ
hgnbmWv. Nne-t∏mƒ s]mXp ˛ kzImcy DS-a-bn-
ep-≈-hbpw CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. F∂m¬ F√m-
h¿°pw BtcmKyw Kh¨sa‚ v kwhn-[m-\-Øn-¬
hnhn[ ̀ cW Xe-ß-fn-eqsS Cu kuI-cy-߃ P\-
ßfn-se-Øn-°p-∂p.
temIm-tcmKy kwL-S\bpsS- `-c-W-L-S-\
kqNn-∏n°pw {]Imcw Btcm-Kyw, kuJyw, sa®-
s∏´ PohnX \ne-hm-cw, sshZy-]cn-N-cWw, tcmKm-
h-ÿ-bn¬ kwc-£-bv°p≈ Ah-Im-iw, Ip´n-
Iƒ°pw AΩ-am¿°pw {]tXyI ]cn-N-cWw XpS-
ßn-b-h-bmWv F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw ]≤-Xn-
bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ e`n-°p∂ {][m-\-s∏´
tkh-\-߃. CXp IqSmsX Pohn-°m\pw kzmX-
{¥y-Øn\pw kpc-£bv°pw F√m-h¿°pw Ah-Im-
i-ap≠v F∂v A¥m-cmjv{S a\p-jym-h-Imi {]Jym-
]-\-Øns‚ aq∂mw Jfin-Ibn¬ hy‡-ambn
\n¿t±-in -°p-∂p. Pohn -°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw
F∂m¬ (kp{]ow tImS-Xn-bpsS hymJym-\ -{]-Im-
cw) \∂mbn Blmcw e`n-°m\pw BtcmKy ]cn-
11tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
c£ e`n-°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-Imiw IqSn-bm-Wv. F√m
tZiob ̀ c-W-Iq-S-ßfpw BtcmKy hnI-k\ hIp∏v
DtZym-K-ÿcpw, A¥m-cmjv{S kaqlhpw temI-
saºm-Sp-ap≈ P\-ß-fpsS BtcmKy kwc-£-W-
Øn\pw ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\p-ambn ASn-b-¥-c- \S-]-Sn-
Iƒ kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂v A¬am-Ø-bn¬ \S∂
{]mY-anI Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e-\-w kw_-‘n® A¥m-
cmjv{S ktΩ-f\w \n¿t±-in -°pI-bp-≠m-bn.
ktΩf\w ]mkm-°nb {]ta-b-߃:
1. BtcmKyw auen -Im -h -Im -i -am -Wv . AXv
tcmKan√mbva-b-√, adn®v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-
Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]q¿W-kuJy Ah-ÿ-
bmWv.
2.- hnI-knX cmPy-߃°pw hnI-kzc cmPy-
߃°p-w at[y, cmPy-߃°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ P-
\-ß-fpsS BtcmKy Ah-ÿ-bn¬ C∂p \ne-
\n-¬°p∂ Ak-aXzw, cmjv{Sobhpw kmaq-ln-
Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-ambn Akzo-Im-cy-am-Wv.
3. F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw AXns‚
]q¿Wmhÿ-bn¬ t\Sp -∂-Xn\pw, hnI-
kzc˛hnI-knX cmPy-߃°n-S-bn¬ BtcmKy
Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ hnShv \nI-Øp-∂-Xn\pw kmaq-
ln-I kmº-Øn-I- hnI-k\w ASn-ÿm\]c-
ambn {][m-\-s∏-́ -Xm-Ip-∂p.
4. Btcm-Ky-]-cn-c-£-bpsS Bkq-{X-W-Ønepw \S-
Øn-∏nepw hy‡n-]-c-ambn ]¶m-fn-I-fm-Ip-I
F∂Xv F√m P\-ß-fp-sSbpw Ah-Im-ihpw
DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhp-am-Wv.
5. F√m Kh¨sa‚p-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS ]uc-∑m-
cpsS BtcmKyw ]cn-c-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ DØ-
c-hm-ZnØw D≠v.
6. {]mY-an-Im-tcmKy ]cn-c£bv°v th≠ sNe-hp-
Iƒ anX-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv AXy¥mt]-£nXhpw
s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn\pw cmPy-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ km[m-
cW ]uc-∑m¿°pw Xmßm-hp-∂-Xpambn-cn-°-
Ww.
7. tcmK -\n-b-{¥w, tcmK NnIn-’, t]mj-Ww, ]p\-
c-[n-hmkw F∂o taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ tkh-\-ß-
fmWv {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ hgn e`y-
am-°p-I. CXns‚ Bkq-{X-W-Øn\pw kwLm-S-
\-Øn\pw \S-Øn-∏n\pw IqSmsX {]mtZ-in-Ihpw
tZio-bhpamb hn -̀h-߃ ]q¿W-ambn D]-tbm-
K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw hy‡n-
I-fp-sSbpw ]¶m-fn-Øw Dd-∏m-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
8. ka{K tZiob BtcmKy kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ ̀ mK-
ambn F√m Kh¨sa‚p -Ifpw {]mY-anI
BtcmKy ]cn-c£bv°v Bh-iy-amb tZiob
\b-ßfpw X{¥-ßfpw {]h¿Ø\ ]≤-Xn-Ifpw
Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw kpÿn-c-ambn XpScp-Ibpw
thWw.
9. F√m cmPy-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-°p-Ibpw
F√m-h¿°pw {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ Dd-
∏m-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Iq´mbn ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw
sNø-Ww.
10. temI-Øp≈ F√m P\-hn-`m-K-߃°pw 2000
tØmsS "F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw' F∂ ]≤-
Xn-bpsS t\´-߃ e`y-am-I-Ww. AXn-\mbn
temI-Øp≈ kakvX hn`-h-ß-fp-sSbpw ka-
{Khpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb hnlnXw D]-tbmKn-°-
Ww. Ct∏mƒ Cu hn`-h-ß-fpsS \√ iX-am-
\hpw sNe-h-gn-°p∂Xv bp≤-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ hmßp-
∂-Xn\mWv. AXn -\m¬ kXy-k-‘-hpw
Bflm¿∞-hp-amb Hcp \bw hn`h hn\n-tbmK
kw_-‘n-bmbn AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv.
temI-tcmKy kwL-S\ 2005, 2011 h¿jß-
fn¬ t]mepw F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ ]≤-
Xn-sb-°p-dn®v Bh¿Øn®v Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-
cp-∂p. AXn\v BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂
hm°mWv Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®-sX¶nepw AtXm-
sSm∏w NnIn-’m-k-lmb kwhn-[m-\w ˛ AXm-bXv
Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnse NnIn-’bv°v sNe-h-gn-°p∂
XpI ap≥Iq´n P\-Øn\p \evIp∂ kwhn-[m\w ˛
temI _m¶ns‚ DZm-c-h-Xv°-c-W, BtKm-f-h-Xv°-
cW, kzIm-cy-h-Xv°-cW {]{In-b-bn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn
s]mXp-hn¬ \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ka{K a\p-jy-hn-
I-k-\-Øn¬ CXv AXoh {]m[m-\y-ap-≈-Xm-sW-
∂pw, 2015 \p tij-ap≈ hnI-k\ hnj-b-Øn¬
C°mcyw Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw sFIy-cmjv{S k -̀
bpsS 2012 Unkw-_-dnse {]ta-bØn¬ ASn-h-c-
bn v́ ]d-bp-∂p. temI-_m¶v AXns‚ temI-hn-I-
12tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
k\ dnt∏m¿´n (1993) epw km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS
BtcmKy ]cn-c£m CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ em` \jvS-an-
√m-Ø-hn[w \S-∏m-°-W-sa∂v A°-an v́ tcJ-s∏-Sp-
Ønbn´p-≠v. 1980 se kmº-ØnI ]cn-jvIm-c-߃
aqew 37 Zcn{Z cmPy-ß-ƒ°v Ah-cpsS BtcmKy
]cn-c-£-bv°p≈ s]mXp [\-hn-\n-tbmKw ]IpXn
I≠v sh´n-°p-d-bvt°≠n h∂p. DZm-l-cWØn\v
saIvknt°m 1982 ˛87 Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ 60 iX-am\w
BtcmKy ]cn-c£m sNe-hp-Iƒ sh´n-°p-d-®p. DZm-
c-h-Xv°-c-W-Øns‚bpw kzIm-cy-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-
s‚bpw BtKm-f-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw hn]-coX
^e-߃ aqew 1980epw 1990 epw an° hnI-kzc
cmPy-߃°pw BtcmKy kw_-‘-ambn \nc-h[n
{]iv\-߃ t\cn-tS≠n h∂p.
1.- hn-I-k\ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fn¬ \n∂v cmPyw ]n≥hm-
ßnb tijw (hnZym-̀ ym-kw, Zp¿_e hn-̀ m-K-ß-
fpsS t£aw XpS-ßn-b) CXc kmaqly D]-ta-
J-e-I-fn¬ F∂ t]mse BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬
\n∂v s]mXp \nt£]w h≥ tXmXn¬ ]n≥h-
en-°-s∏-́ p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v 1991 ¬ s]dp-hn¬
hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\pw Btcm-Ky-]-cn-c-£bv°pw
Btfm-lcn hnlnXw 12 tUmf-dm-bn-cp-∂p.
F∂m¬ 1980 ¬ CXv 50 tUmf¿ Bbn-cp-∂p.
]m›mXy cmPy-ß-fnse _m¶p-I-fn-tebv°v
hmbv]-Xn-cn-®-S-hmbn Btfm-lcn 25 tUmf¿ 1991
¬ cmPyw sNe-h-gn-®p.
2. tUmIvSamcp-sSbpw saUn-°¬ Poh-\-°m-cp-
sSbpw henb Ipdhp aqew kzImcy ¢\n-°p-
Isf B{i-bn-t°≠ KXn-tI-Sn-embn km[m-c-
W-°m-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ.
3. s]mXp-ta-Jem Bip-]{XnIfn¬ Bh-iy-amb
D]-I-c-W-ß-ƒ, acp-∂p-Iƒ, ]cn-tim-[m\m
kuI-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bp-sS henb A`mhw
A\p-̀ -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-sb√mw shdpw acp∂p
Ipdn-∏-Sn-Iƒ Fgp-Xp∂ ÿm]-\-ß-fmbn amdp-
Ibpw sNbvXp. tcmKn-I-fm-Is´, s]mXp hn]-
Wn-bn¬ \n∂v acp-∂p-Iƒ hmßm\pw kzImcy
em_p-I-fn¬ hnhn[ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ \S-
Øm\pw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn.
3. kzImcy tUmIvS¿am-cm-Is´ h≥ XpI-Iƒ ]cn-
tim-[\m Nm¿Pmbn CuSm-°p-I am{X-a-√, Bh-
iy-an-√m-ØXpw hne-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb acp-∂p-Ifpw
]cn-tim-[-\-Ifpw Ipdn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
4. BtcmKy hIp-∏nse kwhn-[m-\-Øns‚ A]-
cym-]vXX aqew Kh¨sa‚ v tUmIvS¿am¿
t]mepw HutZym-KnI tPmen ka-bØpw
kzImcy ¢n\n-°p-I-fn¬ I®-hS Xmev]-cy-
tØmsS tPmen sNbvXp.
5. kuP\y \nc-°n¬ `£y-km-[-\-߃, t]mj-
Im-lm-cw, IpSn-sh≈w, ipNo-I-cW kwhn-[m-
\-߃ XpS-ßn-bh e`y-am°p∂-Xn¬ \n∂v `c-
W-IqSw ]n≥hm-ßn-b-tXmsS km[m-c-W-°mcpw
]mh-s∏-´-h-cp-amb P\-߃°n-S-bn¬ kmw{I-
anIhpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb tcmK-߃ Iq´-
tØmsS h¿[n®p. h≥ XpI sNe-hn v́ NnIn’
\S-Øm≥ Ign-hn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ch¿, Ime-{I-taW
tcmKw Kpcp-X-c-ambn ac-W-Øn\p Iog-S-ßp-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
6. kzX{¥ hn]Wn(A-Zriy lkvXw) F∂ {]Xn-
`mkØns‚ ASn-ÿm\w hy‡n-]c-amb ]-cn-
Nc-Wam-Wv. CXv kzImcy tkh-\-am-Wv.
F∂m¬ Nnen,sIm-f-ºnb XpS-ßnb an°
em‰n≥ Ata-cn-°≥ cmPy-ß-fnepw km[m-c-W-
°m-cpsS BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bn¬ ]ptcm-K-
Xntbm \oXntbm ka-Xztam Imcy-£-a-Xtbm
D≠m-bn-√. Chn-sS√mw ]mh-ß-sf NqjWw
sNbvXv kzImcy Bip-]-{Xn-I-fpw, C≥jp-d≥kv
Iº-\n -I -fpw, acp∂p \n¿Ωm-Xm -°-fpw,
I¨kƒ´≥kn-Ifpw sImgpØv hf¿∂p.
s]mXp ˛ kzImcy ]¶m-fn-Øw, B[p-\n-I-h-
Xv°-c-Ww, ]W- aqeyw, BtcmKy C≥jp-d≥kv
XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv an° hnI-knX˛hnI-kzc cmPy-
ß-fn-sebpw Ct∏m-gsØ _nkn-\kv ]Zm-h-en-Iƒ.
F∂m¬ Iyq_,-ssN-\, tImÃm-dn-°, -a-te-jy,
{ioe-¶, dphm-≠, sh\n-tkz-e, Xmbve≠v XpS-ßnb
cmPy-ß-fn¬ Nne _Z¬ NnIn’m imJIƒ D≠v.
2002 hsc Xmbve‚n¬ F√m-h¿°pw kuP-\y-ambn
km¿h-{XnI BtcmKy ]cn-c£ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
C∂pw 77 iX-am\w Bip-]-{Xn-Ifpw s]mXp taJ-
13tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
e-bn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Iyq_-bn¬ {]mb-amb F√m-
h¿°pw kuP-\y-ambn Xnanc ikv{X-{Inb \SØn
hcp-∂p. AhnsS F√m tUmIv-S¿am¿°pw \gvkp-
am¿°pw aq∂p h¿jsØ \n¿_-‘nX {KmaoW
tkh\hpw D≠v. BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬ 2001 ¬
sNe-h-gn® samØ B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z-\w t\m°p-
tºmƒ 1.7 iX-am\w h¿[-\-hv D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 2008
¬ CXv 2.7 iX-am-\-am-bn. 10000 tcmKn-Iƒ°v Hcp
tUmIvS¿ am{Xsa ChnsS D≈p. ate-jy-bn-em-Is´
10000 tcmKn-Iƒ°v 9.4 tUmIvS¿am¿ D≠v. ^nen-
∏o≥kn¬ 11.5, hnb-‰v\m-an¬ 12.2, knwK-∏q-cn¬
18.3 F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv \nc-°v.
bpF≥ AwK-cm-jv{S-߃ H∂n®v \n∂v
Btcm-Ky-taJ-e-bpambn _‘-s∏´ kl-{km_vZ
hnI-k\ e£y-߃ {]Jym-]n-®ncp∂p.
1. Zmcn{Zyw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-h-cpsS kwJy 2015
BIp-tºmtgbv°v 1990 ImeØns‚ ]Ip-Xn-
bm°n Ipd-bv°pI
2. A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ Ip™p-ß-fpsS
ac-W-\n-c°v 1990s‚ aq∂n¬ c≠m°n Ipd-
bv°pI
3. {]k-hm-\p-_‘ ac-W-\n-c°v 1990 teXn¬ \n∂v
\men¬ aq∂m°n Ipd-bv°pI
4. 2015 BIp-tºm-tgbv°pw km¿h-{Xn-I-ambn ]p\-
cp-Xv]m-Z\ BtcmKyw t\SpI
5. F®v sFhn FbvUvkv hym]\w 2015 BIp-tºm-
tgbv°v XS-bpI, Ah-cpsS kwJy Ipd-®p-sIm-
≠p-h-cnI
6. ate-dnb t]mep≈ henb tcmK-߃ XS-bp-I.
2015 apX¬ Ah-cpsS kwJy Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-
cnI
7. kpc-£n-X-amb IpSn -sh≈w, ASn -ÿm\
ipNnXz kuI-cy-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS kpÿnc
e`yX C√m-Ø-hcpsS FÆw 2015 HmsS
]Ip-Xn-bmbn Ipd-bv°p-I.
temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-
Øn¬ (2015) A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-bp≈ Ip´n-I-
fn¬ 45 iX-am\w t]cp-tSbpw ac-W-Im-cWw t]mj-
Im-lm-c-°p-dthm t]mj-Im-lm-c-an-√m-bvatbm
BWv. 1990 ˛2013 Ime-L-́ -Øn¬ hnI-kzc cmPy-
ß-fnse `mcw Ipd™ Ip´n-I-fpsS kwJy 28 iX-
am-\-Øn¬ \n∂v 17 Bbn Ipd-™p. BtKm-f-X-e-
Øn¬ CXv 1990 ¬ 25 iX-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. 2013 ¬
15 iX-am-\-am-bn. temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS
kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ Cu kqNIw
t\Sm-\m-bXv Ata-cn°≥ cmPy-߃, bqtdm-]y≥
taJ-e, ]Sn-™m-d≥ ]k-̂ nIv taJe F∂n-hn-S-
ß-fn-em-Wv. Z£nW saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ cmPy-߃,
sX°p Ing-°≥ Gjy, B{^n° F∂o taJ-e-I-
fn¬ CXv km[n-®n-√. C¥y-bn¬ 47 iX-am\w
Ip™p-ßfpw th≠{X ico-c-`mcw C√m-Ø-h-cm-
Wv. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ `mc-°p-d-hp≈ Ip™p-ß-
fpsS kwJy 1990 ˛ 2013 hscbp≈ 257 Zi-e-£-
Øn¬ \n∂v 161 Bbn Ipd-™p. \nc°v 37 iX-am-
\w am{Xw. Cu e£yw t\Sm≥ \ap°v km[n-®n-√.
1990 ˛2013 ImeØv A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-
bp≈ Ip™p-ß-fpsS acW \nc°v 49 iX-am-\-am-
bn. 1000 Ip™p-߃ P\n-°p-tºmƒ AXn¬ 90
Ip™p߃ acn-®n-cp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v 46
seØn. (C¥y-bn¬ 2013 ¬ Cu ac-W -\n-c°v 42
Bbn-cp-∂p). AXm-bXv 2013 ¬ {]Xn-Zn\w 17000
Ip™p-߃ acn-°p-∂p. BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ {]k-
hm-\-¥c inipacW߃ 1990 ¬ 4.7 Zi-e£w
F∂Xv 2013 ¬ 2.8 Zi-e£w F∂ kwJy-bn-
tebv°v FØn. 1000 Ip™p-߃ P\n-°p-tºmƒ
AXn¬ 33 t]¿ acn-®n-cp∂Xv 22 Bbn (39%) Ipd-
™p. B{^n-°≥ taJ-e-bnse 47 cmPy-ß-fn¬
Bdp cmPy-ß-fn¬ A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg-bp≈
14tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
Ip™p-ß-fpsS ac-W-\n-c°v 2013 ¬ aq∂n¬
c≠mbn Ipd-™p. c≠p cmPy-߃ IqSn Cu
e£yw t\Sm-dm-bn´p≠v. 25 cmPy-߃ ]mXn hgn-
bn-se-Øn-bn-cn -°p-∂p. _m°n 14 cmPy-߃
AXn\pw ]n∂n-em-Wv. c≠v Ata-cn-°-I-fn-ep-ambn
(35 cmPy-߃) A©p cmPy-߃ e£yw t\Sn.
aq∂p- cm-Py-߃ e£y-tØmSv ASp-°p-∂p. 24 cmPy-
߃ ]IpXn Ign-™p. _m°n aq∂p cmPy-߃
AXn\pw ]n∂n-em-Wv. Z£nW ]q¿h Gjy≥ taJ-
e-bn¬ (11 cmPy-߃) A©p cmPy-߃ e£y-
Øn-se-Øn. cs≠Æw e£y-tØmSv ASp-°p-∂p.
_m°n \mseÆw ]mXn hgn ]n∂n´p. 53 cmPy-
߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ bqtdm-]y≥ taJ-e-bnemIs´
23 FÆw e£yw t\Sn. \mseÆw e£y-tØmSv
ASp-°p-∂p. _m°n 26 cmPy-߃ ]mXn hgn ]n∂n-
´n-cn-°p-∂p. a[y saUn-‰-td-\n-b≥ taJ-e-bn¬ 21
cmPy-ß-fp-≠v. AXn¬ BsdÆw e£yw t\Sn. 12
FÆw ]mXn hgn ]n∂n-́ p. HscÆw am{Xw ]n∂n-
em-Wv. 1990 ˛2013¬ amXr ac-W-\nc°v BtKm-f-X-
e-Øn¬ aq∂n¬ c≠v Ipd-bv°m≥ e£y-an-́ n-cp-
∂Xv Hcp e£-Øn\v 45 iX-am\Øn¬( 523000
apX¬ 289000) FØn-°mt\ km[n-®p-≈p. AXn-
t∏mgpw e£y-Øn\p ]n∂n¬ Cg-bp-∂p. Zu¿`m-
Ky-h-im¬ 89 cmPy-ß-fnemWv 1990 ¬ G‰hpw
Db¿∂ amXr-a-c-W -\n-c°v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv ̨ 100
\pw apI-fn¬. 13 cmPy-߃ \nc°v Ipd-bv°p-∂-
Xn¬ Hcp ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw t\Sn-bn-√. c≠p iX-am\w
am{X-amWv Ah¿°v Ipd-bv°m≥ km[n-®-Xv. amXr-
a-c-W-ßfn¬ apJyImc-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂Xv akvXnjvI c‡-{km-hw(27%) K¿ -̀sØ-°p-
dn-®p≈ ]ncn-ap-cp-°w(14%) ]ns∂ c‡ Zqjy-hpw.
CsX√mw aqew e£yw t\Sm≥ \ap°v km[n-®n-
´n√.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn-ep≈ ]p\-cp-Xv]m-Z\ Btcm-
Ky-Øn¬ 1990 ˛2012 ImeØv K¿ -̀\n-tcm-[\ D]m-
[n-I-fpsS D]-t`mKw (15-̨ 49 {]mb-Øn-ep-≈) kv{XoI-
ƒ°nS-bn¬ 55% apX¬ 64% hsc h¿[n-®p. CXv
D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS \nc°v 15 iX-am-\-Øn¬
\n∂v 12 iX-am-\-ambn Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]s£
B{^n-°-bnemWv K¿ -̀\n-tcm-[\ D]m-[n-Iƒ kzoI-
cn-°m-Ø-h-cpsS Db¿∂ kwJy 24%. BtKmf Xe-
Øn¬ 83 iX-am\w kv{XoIƒ°pw Hcn-°-se-¶nepw
K¿`-Ime ]cn-N-cWw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. ]s£ 64 %
kv{XoIƒ°pw \mep Xh-W-sb-¶nepw CXv e`n-®n-
´p-≈-h-cm-Wv. B{^n°≥ taJ-e-bnse hcp-am\w
Ipd™ cmPy-ß-fn¬ 51 % K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°p am{Xsa
{]k-h-k-a-bØv ]cn-io-e\w t\Snb \gvkp-am-cpsS
tkh\w e`n-°p-∂p-≈p. Cu taJ-e-bnepw \mw
t\ -́߃ ssIh-cn-®n-́ n-√.
2013 ¬ 32.6 Zi-e£w FbvUvkv tcmKn-I-
fn¬ GI-tZiw 12.9 Zi-e£w Bfp-Iƒ°v BtKm-
f-X-e-Øn¬ F®v-sFhn/FbvUvkv NnIn’ e`y-
am-°n. (C-Xn¬ 11.7 Zi-e£w Xmgv∂ hcp-am-\-ap-
≈tXm CS-Øcw hcp-am-\-ap-≈tXm Bb cmPy-
ß-fn-em-Wv). Cu NnIn’ aqew FbvUvkv aqe-ap≈
acW \nc°v 2.4 Zi-e-£-Øn¬ \n∂v(2005) 1.5 Zi-
e-£-am°n 2013 ¬ Ipd-bv°m≥ km[n-®p. ac-W-\n-
c°v ]Ip-Xn-bm-°pI F∂ 2015 se e£yØnse-
Øm≥ C\nbpw \ap°v km[n-®n-́ n-√. BtKm-f-X-e-
Øn¬ FbvUvkn-s\-Xnsc NnIn’ FØn-°m\pw
km[n-®n´n√.
BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ 3.20 iX-e£w Bfp-I-
fmWv ae-º-\nbpsSbpw kam\ tcmK-ßfpsSbpw
`oj-Wn-bn¬ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. CXn¬ 1.2 iX-e£w
Bfp-Iƒ Kpcp-Xcamb `oj-Wn-bn-ep-am-Wv. 2013 ¬
198 Zi-e£w ae-º\n tcmKn-I-fmWv cPn-ÿ
sNbvX-Xv. CXn¬ 5,84000 t]¿ acn-®p. CXn¬ 98
iX-am-\-hpw -B-{^n-°≥ taJ-e-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p.
AXn¬ Xs∂ 78 iX-am\w A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg
am{Xw Ip´n-I-fpw. 2000 ˛2013 ¬ ae-º\n aqe-ap≈
ac-W-\n-c°v BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ 47 iX-am-\-ambn
Ipd-™p. B{^n-°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ CXv 54 iX-am-
\-hpw. A©p hb-kn¬ Xmsg {]mb-ap≈ Ip´n-I-
fpsS acW \nc°v BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬ 53 iX-am-\-
hp-am-bn. klm-d˛ B{^n°≥ taJ-e-bn¬ 44 iX-
am\w P\-ßfpw {]mWn-I-fpsS D]-{Z-h-Øn¬ \n∂v
c£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v he-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Dd-ßp-∂p. 2004
¬ Ch-cpsS kwJy shdpw c≠p iX-am\w am{X-
am-bn-cp-∂p. ae-º-\n-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ 64 cmPy-ß-
fn¬ H∂p t]mepw kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£yw
15tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
I≠n-√. F∂m¬ ae-º-\n, £bw F∂o tcmK-
ßsf BtKmf Xe-Øn¬ XS-bpI F∂ kl-
{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£yw t\Sm≥ \ap°v Ign-™n-
´p -≠v. 2020 e£y-an´p 2005 ¬ XpS-ßnb
IpjvTtcmK \n¿Ωm¿÷-\- ]≤-Xn-bn¬ 75 iX-
am\w t\´w ssIh-cn-°m≥ km[n-®n-´p-≠v. 2000
apX¬ 73 cmPy-ß-fn-embn A©p Zi-e£w a¥v
tcmKn-Iƒ°v hnZKv[ NnIn’ e`y-am-°n-bn-́ p-≠v.
2020 BIp-∂-tXmsS a¥v tcmKw ]q¿W-ambpw
C√mbva sNøm≥ 39 cmPy-ß-fn¬ {iaw \S-°p-∂p-
ap-≠v.
kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ ip≤-
amb IpSn-sh≈ kuIcyw e`n-°m-Ø-h-cpsS
kwJy 2010 teXn¬ \n∂pw ]Ip-Xn-bmbn Ipd-bv°-
W-sa∂ e£yw 2015 ¬ BtKm-f-X-e-Øn¬
km£m-Xv°-cn-s®¶nepw tZiob Xe-Øn¬ 116
cmPy-߃°p am{X-amWv e£yw t\Sm-\m-b-Xv. 45
cmPy-߃ ]s£ Cu hgn-°√. 2012 epw ip≤-
amb IpSn-sh≈w e`n-°mØ 748 Zi-e£w Bfp-
Iƒ D≠v F∂Xv henb kXy-ambn Ah-ti-jn-
°p-∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ taJ-e-Iƒ XΩn¬, \K-c-
ßfpw {Kma-ßfpw XΩn¬, hnhn[ kmaq-lnI
kmº-ØnI hn`m-K-߃ XΩn¬ Ak-aXzw \ne-
\n-ev°p-∂p-≠v. adp-̀ m-KØv ASn-ÿm\ ipNn-Xz-
ku-I-cy-߃ C√m-Ø-h-cpsS kwJy ]Ip-Xn-bm°n
Ipd-bv°-W-sa-∂ kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-hpw
t\Sm≥ Ign-™n-́ n-√.
hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fnse km[m-c-W-°m¿°v
Xmßm-hp∂ hnebv°v Poh≥c£m Huj-[-߃
e`y-am°pI F∂Xv kl-{km_vZ hnI-k\ e£y-
ambn \mw ap∂n¬ I≠n-cp-∂p. ]s£ AhnsSbv°v
FØm\pw \ap°v Ign-™n-√. ImcWw Xmgv∂ hcp-
am\w D≈Xpw CS-Øcw hcp-am\w D≈-Xp-amb 21
cmPy-ß-fn¬ 55 iX-am\wt]¿°p am{Xta s]mXp
taJem kuI-cy-߃ am{Xsa e`n-°p-∂p-≈p. Cu
cmPy-ß-fnse km[m-c-W-°m-cmb tcmKn-Iƒ
CØcw acp-∂p-Iƒ A¥m-cmjv{S hne-bpsS aq∂pw
\mepw Cc´n \evIn-bmWv hmßp-∂-Xv. C¥ysb
t]mse hnI-kzc cmPy-ß-fn¬ tUmIvS¿am¿ {][m-
\-ambpw kzImcy taJ-e-bn¬ hnhn[ acp∂v
\n¿ΩmW Iº-\n-I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-ambn
tN¿∂v A\m-h-iy-am-bXpw henb hne-bp-≈-Xp-
amb Huj-[-߃ tcmKn-Iƒ°v ip]m¿i sNøp-
Ibpw, c‡ ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ Bh-iy-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hfsc A{i-≤-ambpw DØ-
c-hm-ZnØ cln-X-ambpw sNøp∂ CØcw {]hr-Øn-
Iƒ Ahsc HSp-hn¬ D]-t`m‡r tImS-Xn-I-fn¬
FØn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.
C¥y Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ hnI-kzc cmPy-߃
F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ ]≤Xn°v
hm°nepw {]hr-Øn-bnepw apJy ]cn-K-W\ \evI-
Ww. ImcWw AXv a\p-jy-hn-̀ h hnI-k\w am{X-
a√ Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xv, AXn-\p-]cn \ΩpsS `mhn Xe-
ap-d-I-fpsSbpw kuJy-am-Wv, t£a-am-Wv. hnI-kzc
cmPy-߃ BtcmKy ]cn -c£m {]h¿Ø-\-
߃°p≈ Ah-cpsS _P‰v hnlnXw samØ
B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z-\-Øn\pw {]Xn-io¿j samØ
sNe-hn\pw B\p-]m-Xn-I-ambn Db¿ØWw. C¥y-
bn¬ samØ B`y-¥c DXv]m-Z-\-Øns‚ 1 iX-am-
\hpw samØ s]mXp sNe-hns‚ 3 iX-am-\hpw
BtcmKy taJ-e-bv°mbn am‰n hbv°p-∂p. AtX
kabw P∏m-≥ 82%, Im\U 70%, kzn‰vkz¿e≠v
65%, Atacn° 48%, Xmbve‚ v 72% F∂n-ßs\
XpI am‰n hbv°p-∂p. XXv^-e-ambn P∏m-\nse
icm-icn Bbpkv 82.7 h¿j-am-Wv. Im\-U-bn¬ 80.4,
kzn‰vkz¿e≠v 82.8, Ata-cn° 78.7 Xmbve‚ v 74.3
F∂n-ß-s\-bmW. C¥y-bn-em-Is´ CXv 66.3 h¿j-
hpw. C¥y-bpsS inip-a-cW \nc°v 1000-Øn\v 43.8
BWv. P∏m-\n¬ CXv shdpw 2.3, Im\-U-bn¬ 4.4,
kzn‰vkz¿e‚n¬ 3.8, Ata-cn-°-bn¬ 6.1, Xmbve‚n¬
9.9 F∂n-ß-s\-bmWv IW-°p-Iƒ.
C°m-cy-Øn¬ tIc-f-Øns‚ ÿm\w- h-fsc
ap∂n-emWv. Ign™ G{Xtbm h¿j-ß-fmbn
tIcfw BtcmKy hnZym-̀ ymk taJ-e-I-fn¬ temI-
Ønse hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fpsS \nc-bnem-Wv. F¥p-
sIm≠v C¥y-bnse CXc kwÿm\-߃°pw Cu
\ne-hm-c-Øn¬ FØn-°qSm?
(tI{μ hm¿Øm hnX-cW {]t£-]W
a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ kmº-Øn-I-Imcy
D]-tZ-i-I-\mWv teJ-I≥)
16tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
cmPy-Øns‚ BtcmKy ]ptcm -K-Xn,BtcmKy ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS \n¿h-lWw F∂nh sa®-
s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ Hcp \n¿Wm-bI LS-I-ambn AwKo-
I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv kaq-ln-Ihpw ioe-]-c-hp-amb
am‰ßsf-bm-Wv. A[n-Im-cØns‚bpw Bi-b-hn-\n-
abØns‚bpw km[y-X-Iƒ hfsc Imew apt∂
Xs∂ BtcmKy IpSpw-_-t£a a{¥m-e-bw a\-kn-
em-°n-bn-́ p-≈-XmWv. h¿j-ßfmbn hnhn[ BtcmKy
]≤-Xn-I-fn-eqsSbpw (D-Zm.-t]m-fn-tbm, A©mw-]-\n)
a‰pw Cu taJ-e-bn¬ hfsc t\ -́߃ \mw D≠m-
°n-bn-́ p-s≠-¶n-epw BtcmKy Ahÿm kqN-I-߃
hne-bn-cpØp-tºmƒ C¥y C∂pw henb sh√p-hn-
fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-I-bm-Wv. ]te LS-I-ß-fmWv Cu
h¿Ø-am\Ime Ah-ÿbv°p Imc-W-ambn Nq≠n-
°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpsS A]-
cym-]vXX, a\p-jy-hn-̀ -h-ti-jn-bnse hnS-hv, ]W-
Øns‚ hnSp-X-enepw D]-tbm-K-Øn-ep-ap≈ sh√p-hn-
fn-Iƒ,-\n-e-hm-c-ap≈ tkh-\-ßfpsS A]-cym-]vXX,
\n¿h-l-W-]-chpw {]h¿Ø\ ]c-hp-amb sh√p-hn-
fn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh Imc-W-ß-fmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p.
P\-kw-Jym h¿[-\hv, BNm-c-߃, sFXn-ly-߃,
sX‰n-≤mc-W-Iƒ, hnizm-k-߃, ioe-߃, N -́߃
F∂nhbpw, hnh-c-ßfpsSbpw t_m[-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-
s‚bpw Ipdhpw Cu taJ-e-bnse a‰p {]iv\-ß-fm-
Wv. Ct∏mƒ ]cn -K -W-\-bn -ep≈ BtcmKy
\bØns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Cu taJ-e-bn¬ \S-
°p∂ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{ia ^e-ambn F{X-
BtcmKyt_m[-h-XvI-cWwt\cn-Sp∂sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ
tUm.- k-RvPo-hv Ip-am¿
tØmfw am‰-߃ kw -̀hn-®n-́ p-≠v F∂ At\z-j-
W-amWv Cu teJ-\w. AtXm-sSm∏w Bh-iy-
IXbpw e`y-X-bpw kw_-‘n®v sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ
GsXm-s°-sb∂p Is≠-Øp-Ibpw ̀ mhn-bn¬ hfsc
thK-Øn¬ hen-b -am-‰-߃ hcpØp-∂-Xn-\p≈
am¿K\n¿t±iw apt∂m´p hbv°p-IbpamWn-hn-sS.
Aº-Xp-I-fpsS XpS°w apX-te, BtcmKy
Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ t_m[-h-Xv°-c-W-Øn-
e-[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂p h®m¬ Adnhv,
hn⁄m-\w,-hn-Zym-̀ ymkw F∂nh h¿[n-∏n-®psIm-
≠m-bn-cp∂p CXv \S-∏m-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xv. ]s£ Adn-
bpI F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ i‡-amb Nne LS-I-߃
Bfp-I-fpsS kz`m-hsØ kzm[o-\n-°p-Itbm am‰-
߃°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Ahsc XS-bp-
Itbm sNøp∂p F∂ kXyw \mw hnkva-cn-®p.
C¥y≥ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ AXns‚ am\-ßfpw Xe-
ßfpw IrXy-ambn a\-kn-em-°m≥ km[n-®n-√.
XnI®pw ]m›m-Xyhpw hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬
\n∂v sIm≠p-h-∂-Xp-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\ XXz-߃
AtX-]Sn \mw ChnsS {]tbm-Kn®p F∂-Xm-Wv-
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ {]hmlw Hcp hi-Øp-\n∂v
˛ kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ \n∂v P\-ß-fn-tebv°v ˛ am{X-
am-bn- Np-cp-ßn-b-Xn¬ \n∂pw A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-
Xv. ]pXnb s]cp-am-‰-ßfpw ioe-ßfpw Xß-fpsS
\∑bv°v BsW∂v P\w Xncn®dn -bp -Ibpw
AXnse bp‡nbpw Imcy-Im-c-W-ßfpw AXn\v
17tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
Ahsc t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. kXy-Øn¬ A∂sØ
BtcmKy t{]m’m-l\
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ hfsc
Bflm¿∞hpw {]h¿Ø-I¿
hfsc Ign-hp-≈-hcpw ITn-\m-[zm-
\n-Ifpw Bbn-cp-∂p. hn-Zym-`ym-
khpw Bi-b-hn-\n-b-a-bhpw hnI-
kn-®p-sh-¶nepw tIh-e-hn-⁄m-\-
Øn\p am{Xw Du∂¬ \evIn-
AXv Aßs\ \n∂p. a‰p-≈-h¿
s]cp-am-dp-∂Xp I≠v Bfp-Iƒ
AXv amXr-I-bmbn kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≈pw F∂-Xm-
bn-cp∂p \nK-a-\w. Hcp {]tXyI s]cp-am‰ coXn-
sbbpw ]cn-h¿Ø-\--sØbpw am{Xw e£y-am-°n-
b-Xn-\m¬ AXv ]mcn-ÿn-XnI Imgv®-∏m-Sn¬ a{Xsa
{]h¿Øn-®p-≈p. Cu kao-]\w sshImsX IqSp-
X¬ hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw Hu]-Nm-cn-I-ambn kmaq-lnI
Awi-hp-ambn tN¿∂v kmaq-lnI s]cp-am‰ ]cn-
h¿Ø\ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab N -́°qSv F∂ k¶-ev]-
Øn-tebv°v Db-cp-I-bpw- sN-bvXp. \nb-a-ß-fp-
sStbm aqey-ß-fp-sStbm ]mcn-ÿn-XnI LS-I-ß-
fp-sStbm {]m[m\yw Cu N -́°qSv IW-°n-se-Sp-
Øn-√.
CØ-c-Øn¬ N´-°q-Sp-Ifpw amXr-I-Ifpw,
kao-]-\-ßfpw kn≤m-¥-ßfpambn t]cp-Iƒ amdn-
sb¶nepw Pev]-\-߃°-Xo-X-ambn \ΩpsS
{]h¿Ø\ cwK-ß-sf im‡o-I-cn®v temIsØ
am‰m≥ \ap°v km[n®n´n-√. ImgvNbn¬ \b]c-
amb am‰-߃ D≠m-bn-´p-≠mhmw. ]s£ Ah
ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-bn-´n-√. {]h¿Ø-I-cnepw
{]h¿Ø\ taJ-e-I-fnepw FØn-bn-´n-√. Bi-b-
hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ i‡n \mw ]q¿W-ambpw a\-kn-
em-°p-∂Xv AXv XrW-aq-e-X-e-Øn¬ FØp-Ibpw
BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ Bh-iy-amWv
F∂v ]uc-∑m¿°v t_m[y-s∏-SpIbpw sNøp-tºm-
gm-Wv. hcpw h¿j-ß-fn¬ BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-
b-Øn-\p≈ bm{Xm `q]SØn\v th≠Xv tZiob
BtcmKy \b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kuc-hhpw A¿∞-
]q¿W-hp-amb ]cn-K-W-\-I-fmWv.
BZy-ambn sNtø-≠Xv tI{μ-Ønepw kwÿm-
\-ßfnepw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-߃°v
th≠nbp≈ _P‰v hnln-X-Øn¬ Bh-iy-amb t`Z-
K-Xn-Iƒ hcp-ØpI F∂-Xm-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ XpI
Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-߃°v hfsc A]-cym-]vX-
am-Wv. Bkq-{X-I¿ t\cn-Sp∂ Hcp {]Xn-k‘n ]e
kwÿm-\-ßfpw Ah¿°v A\p-h-Zn-°p∂ tI{μ
hnlnXw t]mepw bYm-hn[n sNe-h-gn-°p-∂n√ F∂-
Xm-Wv. At∏mƒ IqSp-X¬ XpI-bv°m-bp≈ apd-
hnfn Fßs\ \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\m-hpw. CXv Hcp ]cn[n
hsc kXy-am-Wv. F∂m¬ BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-
b-Øn-\p≈ XpI \ymb-ambn sNe-h-gn-°p∂-Xn¬
kwÿm-\-ßfpw ÿm]-\-ßfpw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-
°p∂ {]iv\-ßfpw sh√p-hn-fn-Ifpw IqSn ]T-\-hn-
t[-b-am-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
ChnsS c≠p LS-I-ß-fp-≠v. H∂v F¥v ASn-
ÿm-\-Øn-emWv hnlnXw hn\n-tbmKn-°p-∂-Xv,
AXv Bh-iym-[n-jvTn-X-tam AtXm {]-h¿Ø-\m-[n-
jvTn-Xtam? Bi-b-h-\n-a-b-Øn\p≈ XpI {]h¿Ø-
\m-[n-jvTn-X- hn\n-tbm-K-Øn-tebv°p am‰p-tºmƒ
c≠p hnS-hp-Iƒ \nI-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. H∂v DØ-c-hm-
Zn-Øw, c≠v, Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-ß-fpsS KpW-
\n-e-hm-cw. shdpsX ]Ww sNe-h-gn-°p-∂-Xn-\√,
\ΩpsS Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b- ]-cn-{i-a-߃°v hy‡-amb
^ew D≠m-°p∂-Xn-emWv {i≤n-t°-≠-Xv. F∂m¬
]≤-Xn-bpsS F√m Xe-ß-fnepw hIp-∏nse F√m-
h¿°pw Bib hn\n-ab {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ASn-
18tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
ÿm-\-Øn¬ B\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw t{]m’m-l-\-
ßfpw \¬I-Ww.
c≠m-a-Xmbn Bi-b-hn-\n-ab hn`m-K-Ønse
F√m DtZym-K-ÿcpsSbpw ÿm]-\-ß-fp-sSbpw
tijn samØ-Øn¬ h¿[n-∏n-°-Ww. am‰-Øn-\p≈
t{]cI kwhn-[m\߃ F√m-bn-SØpw D≠v.
Ahsb B[p-\nI D]-I-c-W-ßfpw kmt¶-XnI
hnZy-Ifpw sIm≠v im‡o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw, sNØn
aq¿® hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNømØ ]£w Ahbv°v
anI® {]I-S\w \S-Øm≥ km[n-°n-√. Bi-b-hn-
\n-ab hnZ-Kv[-cp-sSbpw Cu taJ-e-bnse {]ikvX
ÿm]-\-߃ {]tXy-I-ambn cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-
´p≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw ]n¥p-W-tbmsS ASn-
b-¥-c-ambn sNtø≠ _rlØmb {]hr-Øn-bm-Wn-
Xv. Imcy-£-a-X-bp≈ Bib-hn-\n-ab ]cn-io-e\
ÿm]-\-߃°v ]pØ≥ Du¿÷hpw {]tNm-Z-
\hpw \evIn Bthiw ]I-c-Ww. shdpw Iu¨kn-
en-Mn-\p-]-cn, Bg-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-io-e-\-amWv e`y-
am-t°-≠-Xv. CXn\v hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab {]t£-]W
a{¥m-e-b-Ønse tkmMv B≥Uv {Umam hn`m-Kw,
Zq¿Z¿i≥, BIm-i-hm-Wn, Ub-d-IvS-td‰v Hm^v
HmUntbm hnjz¬ ]ªn-kn‰n XpS-ßnb hn`m-K-
ßsf IqSn ]s¶-Sp-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
aq∂m-a-Xmbn, sa®-s∏´ \nco-£Ww, hne-bn-
cp-ج, aqey-\n¿W-bw, Kth-jWw F∂nh
BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b- taJ-e-bnepw Bh-iy-
amWv. CXv Ct∏mƒ Imcy-£-a-ambn \S-°p-∂n-√.
bq´n-sse-tk-j≥ k¿´n-̂ n-°-‰p-Iƒ, t^mt´m-{Km-̂ p-
Iƒ, ]{X dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh sXfn-hp-I-fmbn
kzoI-cn-°pI am{X-amWv \ne-hn¬ sNøpI. Kth-
jWw hfsc AI-se-bm-Wv. Cu Ign-hp-Iƒ
B¿÷n-°m≥ t{]m{Kmw amt\-P¿am-scbpw DtZym-
K-ÿ-scbpw im‡o-I-cn-°-Ww. am{X-hp-a√ ]¶m-fn-
I-fmb hnhn[ GP≥kn-Isf Kth-j-W-߃°v
t{]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw thK-Ønepw KpW-]-c-ambpw Ah
hne-bn-cp-Øp-Ibpw sNø-Ww. BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-
\n-ab {]h¿Ø-\- kqN-I-ßfpsS \nco-£WamWv
as‰mcp taJ-e. CXn¬ an° kqN-I-ßfpw am\-Z-
fi-ßfpw ]cn-jvI-cn-t°≠ Imew Ft∂ Ign-™-
Xm-Wv. BtcmKy Bi-b-hn -\n -a -b-Øns‚
^oUv_m°v, t^mtfm-A]v F∂n-hbpsS kwhn-[m-
\-ßfpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-tØ≠-Xp-≠v.
\mem-a-Xmbn, BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-
Øns‚ {Iob-fl-I-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-Øn-\p≈ kma-
{Kn-Ifpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw ASn-apSn amt‰-≠-Xp-≠v.
Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kma-{Kn-Iƒ B`y-¥cambn cq]-I-
ev]\ sNøm-≥ hy‡n-Iƒ°pw ÿm]-\-߃°pw
]cn-an-Xn-I-fp-≠v. ktμ-i-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hm-cw,
AXns‚ cq]-I-ev]-\, hn\ymkw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw
Cu taJ-e-bn¬ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ Db¿Øp-∂p. c≠p
am¿Kß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv Bi-b-hn-\n-ab DXv]∂-߃
cq]-I-ev]\ sNøp-∂Xpw hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xpw.
B`y-¥-c-am-bpw _mly tkh-\-߃ hgn-bpw.
_mly-tk-h-\-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ
{Ibw, \S-Øn-∏v, hne XpS-ßnb {]iv\-߃ D≠v.
Fs¥m-s°-bm-bmepw {][m\w Ah A\p-hm-N-I-
cp-sS Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn HØp t]mIp-∂pthm F∂p-
≈-Xm-Wv. as‰mcp sh√p-hnfn Nne-t∏mƒ Chsb
kwÿm-\-Øns‚ ]c-ky-{]-Nm-c-Wm¿∞w D]-tbm-
K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ HutZym-
Kn-Ihpw B[n-Im-cn-I-hp-amb \n¿t±-i-߃ Cs√-
¶n¬ CØcw \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°-Ww. hymh-km-
bnI Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bhpambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ
kmaq-lnI Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bw (k¿°m¿ Bi-b-hn-
\n-a-bw) hnc-khpw shdpw NS-ßpw am{X-am-Wv. CXv
amd-Ww. CXv Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bsØ am{X-a-√,
Kh¨sa‚ns‚ tkh\ {]Xn-—m-b-sbbpw hyXy-
kvX-am°pw. P\-{i≤ BI¿jn-°m≥ ktμ-i-
߃°v ]pXnb N -́°q-Spw Ah-ÿ-bpw Bh-iy-am-
bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-eqsS am{Xsa Ahsc am‰-Øn-
tebv°v BIr-jvS-cm-°m-\m-Iq.
A©m-a-Xm-bn, tI{μØnsebpw kwÿm-
\ßfnsebpw BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m-
\-߃ ]cn-jv°-cnt°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tI{μ-
Ønse sFCkn (IEC) hn`m-Khpw kwÿm-\-ß-
fnse sFCkn _yqtdm-Ifpw Pn√-I-fnse GXm\pw
DtZym-K-ÿ¿ am{X-ap≈ _nknkn sk√p-Ifpw
BWv \ne-hn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\w. Chn-sS-bmWv
19tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
sFCkn kma-{Kn-I-fpsS DXv]m-Z-\hpw hnX-c-Whpw
\S-°p-∂-Xv. h¿j-߃°p apºv Bcw-̀ n® Bi-
b-hn-\n-ab hn`mKw AXns‚ LS-\bpw {]h¿Ø\
coXnbpw CtX hsc ]cn-jvI-cn-®n-́ n-√. Ah-bnse
{]h¿Ø-I-cm-Is´ hm¿Ø-Iƒ \nco-£n-°p-∂-hcpw
dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-∂-hcpw hnhn[ DtZym-K-
ÿ¿°pw hIp-∏p-Iƒ°p-ambn ]{X-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ X-
bm-dm-°p-∂-hcpw am{Xw. kmaq-lnI am‰-Øn\pw
s]cp-am‰ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\pam-bp≈ \b-X{¥
Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb hnZ-Kv[-
\S-]Sn ]e-t∏mgpw Fhn-sStbm ad™p InS-°p-I-
bm-hpw. AXns\ ]n¥≈n `c-W-]chpw kwLS-
\m]-chpw {]h¿Ø\ ]c-hp-amb LS-I-߃ apt∂-
dp-∂Xp ImWmw.
Bdm-a-Xmbn, BtcmKy Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-
{i-a-߃ Nn -́s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v F√m Xe-ß-fnepw
]¶m-fnØw D≠m-h-Ww. k∂≤ kwL-S-\-Iƒ
t]mse s]mXp kaq-l-hp-amb ASpØp \nev°p-
∂Xpw Ah-cpsS hnizmkw B¿÷n-®n-́ p-≈-Xp-amb
GP≥kn-Iƒ°v CXpambn kl-I-cn-°mw.
am[y-a-ß-fp-ambn C°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶m-
fnØw Bh-iy-am-Wv. CXn-t\mSv A\p-Iq-e-amb
hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v henb {]Nm-cWw e`n-t°-≠Xv
am[y-a-ß-ƒ hgn-bm-Wv. henbhn`mKw P\-߃
am[y-ß-fn-eqsS C°m-cy-߃ Adn-bp-Ibpw a\-kn-
em-°p-I-bpw- sNøpw. AXn-\m¬ am[y-a-ßsf H∏w
\n¿Ø-Ww.AXp-t]mse tIm¿∏-td‰v kzImcy taJ-
e-sbbpw kl-I-cn-∏n-°-Ww. Ah-cpsS \S-Øn-∏v
A\p-`hw, kmt¶-XnI sshZKv[yw XpS-ßn-b-h-
bvs°m∏w tIm¿∏-td‰v tkmjy¬ sdkvt]m¨kn-
_n-en‰n hgn-bp≈ ̂ ≠p-Ifpw Bi-b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-
]m-Sn-Iƒ°v apX¬°q-´m-Ipw. aX-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ,
cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°ƒ, hnZym-`ym-k, Kth-jW
ÿm]-\-߃, sFIy-cmjv{S k` t]mep≈ A¥m-
cmjv{S kwL-S-\-Iƒ, Nmcn-‰-_nƒ kwL-S-\-Iƒ
F∂n-h-sbbpw s]cp-am‰ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p
kzm[o-\n-°m≥ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°mw.
C¥y-bnse \bX{¥-]-c-amb BtcmKy Bi-
b-hn-\n-ab ]cn-{i-a-߃ ASn-b-¥-c-ambn im‡o-
I-cn-t°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. F¶n¬ am{Xta Btcm-Ky
-Zu-Xy-߃°v AXv thKX ]I-cp-I-bp-≈p. kmw{I-
an-Ihpw A√m-Ø-Xp-amb tcmK-߃ henb _m[y-
X-bmbn cmPysØ {Kkn-°p-tºmƒ AXns\ eLq-
I-cn-°m≥ {Inbmfl-Ihpw \n¿_-‘n-Xhpamb s]cp-
am‰ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p am{Xsa km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p.
sa®-s∏´ BtcmKy ioe-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ D≠m-
Ip-∂-Xn\v P\-ß-fpsS t_m[y-߃ {Inbm-fl-I-
ambn amdWw. Chn-sS, BtcmKy t_m[-h-Xv°-c-
W-Øns‚ i‡nbpw hmKvZm -\hpw shdpw
km[ymXm Xe-Ønepw Be-¶m-cnI Xe-Ønepw
A√, adn®v 12 -˛mw ]≤-Xn -bpsS e£y-߃
km£mXv°-cn-®p- sIm≠v henb ]cn-h¿Ø\w
km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-emWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-Xv.
(ko\n-b¿ IΩyq-Wn-t°-j≥ kvs]jy-enÃpw
\yqU¬ln-bnse IIMCbn¬ s{]m -̂k-dp-amWv
teJ-I≥)
IRNSS-1EC¥y-bpsS {]mtZ-inI KXn-\n¿Wb D]-{Kl irwJ-e-bpsS (IRNSS) `mK-amb A©m-
asØ D]-{Klw IRNSS-1E 2006 P\p-hcn 20˛\v hnP-b-I-c-ambn {`a-W-]-Y-Øn-se-Øn. BsI 7
D]-{K-l-ß-fmWv C¥y-bpsS KXn \n¿Wb D]-{Kl irwJ-e-bpsS `mK-ambn D≈-Xv. 1425
Intem {Kmw `mc-ap≈ t]S-I-Øns\ ]nF-kv-F¬hn-̨ kn 31 (PSLV-C31) tdm°‰mWv {`a-W-]-Y-
Øn¬ FØn-®-Xv. ]n.-F-kv.-F¬.-hn.-bpsS 33˛maXv hnP-b-I-c-amb ZuXy-am-bn-cp-∂p CXv. c≠v
t]tem-Up-I-fmWv IRNSS-1E bn¬ D≈-Xv.
hn⁄m-\-]mX
20tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpwkpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpw
tUm. N{μ-Im¥v elmcnb
tcmK {]Xn-tcm-[w, tcmK \nhm-c-Ww, ]p\x-c-[n-hmkw XpSßn BtcmKy ]cn-]m-e-\w kw_-
‘n® hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fnse tkh\w Gh¿°pw
e`y-am-°p-I, AtX-k-abw CØcw tkh-\-
߃°mbn ]Ww apS-°p-tºmƒ P\-߃ kmº-
Øn-I-amb _p≤n-ap-́ p-Iƒ A\p-̀ -hn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI
F∂o e£y-ß-fmWv BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£
(Universal Health Coverage - UHC) F∂-Xp-sIm≠v
A¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£
(UHC) F∂ k¶-ev]hpw A`n-em-jhpw \S-∏n-em-
°p-hm-\pw, AXn-eqsS BtcmKy cwKØv ka-{K-
amb am‰w sIm≠p-h-cp-hm\pw AwK-cm-Py-߃ Ah-
c-h-cp-tS-Xmb BtcmKy [\-hn-\n-ab kwhn-[m-\-
߃ D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°-W-sa∂v 2005se temI
BtcmKy Akw-ªn-bnse {]Xn⁄ (WHA 58.33)
\n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. 2008sebpw, 2010sebpw temI
BtcmKy dnt∏m¿ v́ (World Health Report) se Xe-
s°-́ p-Iƒ bYm-{Iaw ˛ ""{]mY-anI BtcmKy kwc-
£Ww : F√m Ime-Øn-tebv°pw'' (Primary Health
Care : More than Ever), ""BtcmKy taJ-e-bnse [\-
hn-\n-tbmKw: BtKmf ]cn-c-£-bn-te-°p≈ hgn''
(Health System Financing : The Path to Universal
Coverage), F∂n-ßs\ Bbn-cp-∂p. BtcmKy ]cn-
c£ F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ Kth-j-W-߃
hym]n-∏n-°p-hm\pw e£yw \ne-\n¿Øp-hm\pw
Du∂¬ \evIn. Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ {_ko¬,
saIvkn-t°m, In¿Kn-ÿm≥, Xmbve≥Uv, ssN\
XpS-ßnb cmPy-߃ Btcm-Ky-̨ -km-º-ØnI ]cn-
jvIm-c-߃ \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w BtcmKy
tkh-\-߃ IqSp-X¬t]¿°v \¬In apt∂-dn.
BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂ hnjbw
hnhn[ BtKmf N¿®m-th-Zn-I-fn¬ {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-
‰p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-_-‘-ambn temI BtcmKy
Akw-ªn- 2011epw (WHA 64.9) sFIy-cmjv{S k -̀
bpsS P\-d¬ Akwªn 2012 Unkw-_¿ 12 (A/67/
L-36)epw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£sb kw_-
‘n® {]Xn⁄ ]m m-°n. sFIy-cmjv{S k`-
bpsS Cu {]Xn⁄ Hcp \mgn-I-°√v F∂v hnti-
jn-∏n-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. Imc-Ww, Cu {]Xn-⁄-bn-
eqsS BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂ hnj-b-
Øns‚ AP-≠-bpsS hym]vXn hnkvXr-X-am-°p-I-
bpw, AXv temI BtcmKy Akw-ªn-bn¬ kw_-
‘n® BtcmKy a{¥n-am-cn¬ \n∂pw sFIy-cmjv{S
k -̀bn¬ k∂n-ln-X-cmb temI t\Xm-°-fp-tSbpw
hntZ-i-Imcy a{¥n-am-cp-tSbpw ssII-fn-se-Øn-°p-
21tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
Ibpw sNbvXp. UHCsb Ipdn-®p≈ sFIy-cmjv{S
k`-bpsS {]Xn-⁄-bpsS kvac-W-°mbn 2014
Unkw-_¿ 12\v BZy-ambn BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-
c-£m-Zn-\w (UHC Day) BN-cn-°p-I-bpw, XpS¿∂v
F√m h¿jhpw Unkw-_¿ 12\v UHC Zn\-ambn
BN-cn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am\w ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. Ign™ ]Øp-h¿j-°mew sIm≠v UHC
F∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ ÿnc-amb N¿®-Ifpw {]Xn-
⁄-Ifpw a‰pw ta¬]-d™ hnhn[ kwL-S-\-
Iƒ°v \S-Øp-Ibpw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£
F∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ {]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v Hcp
A`n-{]mb sFIyw cq]o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXn-́ p-≠v. temIm-tcmKy kwL-S-\-bpsS
Ub-d-IvS¿ P\-d¬ am¿Kc‰v Nm\ns‚ A`n-{]mb
{]Imcw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂Xv
s]mXp-P-\m-tcm-KysØ kw_-‘n-°p∂ G‰hpw
i‡-amb Hcp Bibw BWv.
hn-emtWm BtcmKy tkh\w e`y-am-Ip-∂Xv XpS-
ßnb Imcy-߃ UHC CubeeqsS hy‡-am-Ipw.
Bb-Xn-\m¬ tcmK-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ bmYm¿∞y
sØ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-Ibpw Cu UHC
Cube\v D≈nepw ]pdØpw ImW-s∏-Sp∂ BtcmKy
taJ-e-bn-ep≈ hnShv a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw thWw.
C°m-cWw sIm≠p Xs∂ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-
c£ F∂-Xns\ Hcp e£yw F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Btcm-
Ky-cw-KsØ Hcp ]mX Bbn BWv IW-°m-t°-
≠-Xv. BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ F∂ hnj-b-
Øn¬ ]ptcm-KXn sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Hcp cmPy-Øn\v
10˛15 h¿jw hsc \ymb-ambpw th≠n-hcpw
F∂mWv Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£bpw
C¥ybpw
2005¬ temI BtcmKy Akw-ªn-bnse
AwKw F∂ \nebv°v C¥ybpw UHC {]Xn-⁄-
bpsS `mK-am-Wv. F∂m¬ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-
c£ F∂ hnjbw A∂v cmPyØv N¿® sNbvXn-
cp-∂n-s√-¶n-epw, C¥y-bnse BtcmKy cwK-sØbpw
P\-ß-fpsS Btcm-Ky-sØbpw sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-
Xn\p th≠n 2015 G{]n¬ 12\v tZiob {KmaoW
Btcm-Ky-an-j\v (NRHM) cq]w \¬In.
cmjv{Sob kzmkvXy ̀ oam tbmP\ (RSBY)
ZznXob Xe-Øn-ep≈ Bip-]-{Xn-bnse Nne-
hp-Iƒ°mbn Zmcn-{Z-tc-Jbv°v Xmsg D≈-h¿°v
cmjv{Sob kzmkvXy `oam tbmP\ (RSBY) bpw,
kmº-ØnI kpc-£n-X-Xz-Øn-\mbn a‰p-Nne ]≤-
Xn-Ifpw Nne kwÿm-\-߃ 2007--̨ 08 Ime-b-f-hn¬
\S-∏n-em-°n. 2010se temI BtcmKy dnt∏m¿´v
kam-cw-̀ n-®-tXm-sS, BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£ Dd-
∏p-h-cp-Øm-\m-bn, πm\nwKv IΩo-j≥ D∂-X-Xe
hnZKv[ IΩ-‰nsb \nb-an-®p. Cu IΩ‰n 2011 HIvtSm-
_-tdmsS Ah-cpsS ip]m¿i AS-ßnb dnt∏m¿ v́
ka¿∏n-°p-Ibpw Cu dnt∏m¿ v́ ]{¥-≠m-aXv ]©-
h-’c ]≤Xn (2012˛17) bpsS Bkq-{X-W-Øn¬
D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]{¥≠mw ]©-h-
’c ]≤Xn {]Imcw BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£
F∂Xv kwÿm-\-ß-fnse 2 Pn√-I-fn¬ ss]e‰v
BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bv°v, P\-ß-
fpsS ]cn-c-£, BtcmKy ]cn-c-£, kmº-ØnI
]cn-c£ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂v Af-hp-tIm-ep-Iƒ
I¬∏n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bpw, Ahsb "UHC Cube' AYhm
"UHC Ih-tdPv t_mIvkv' F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Cu Iyq_v \nco-£n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Hcp
cmPyØv F{X-tØmfw BtcmKy ]cn-c£ \S-∏n-
em°n F∂ a\- n-em-°p-hm\mIpw. Hcp cmPyØv
sNdnb Hcp hn`m-K-Øn\p am{Xta BtcmKy
tkh\w e`y-am-bn-́ p-t≈m, hfsc Ipd®v BtcmKy
tkh-\-ßtf cmPyØv e`y-am-bn-́ p-t≈m, tkh\w
e`y-am-bn-́ p-≈-h¿°v Xs∂ AXv Xmßm-hp∂ Nne-
22tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°p-hm≥
\n¿t±-in-®p. \Kc {]tZ-i-ß-fn¬
BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ e`y-am-°p-
hm≥ 2013 tabn¬ \mj-W¬
A¿_≥ sl¬Øv anj≥ (NUHM)
\S-∏n-em-°n. ]n∂oSv NRHM Dw,
NUHMDw kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v \mj-
W¬ sl¬Øv anj≥ (NHM)
sIm≠p-h-∂p. ""BtcmKyw F∂
e£y-Øn\p th≠n F√m-h¿°pw
{]m]y-am-b, \ne-hm-c-ap≈ Btcm-Ky-tk-h\w,
hnhn[ Kh-s◊‚ v hn`m-K-ßsf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®p-
sIm≠v P\-ß-fpsS Bhiyw A\p-k-cn®v ^e-
Øn¬ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-tØmsS \S-∏n-em-°pI'' ˛
F∂ \mj-W¬ sl¬Øv anjs‚ ImgvN-∏mSv
BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c-£-bpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn-t\mSv
tN¿∂v \n¬°p-∂Xv ImWmw. 2014 a[y-tØmsS
BtKmf BtcmKyw Dd∏v hcp-Øm≥ (Universal
Health Assurance, UHA) \nc-h[n \S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃
\S-∏n-em-°n. UHAbpw UHCbpam-bp≈ kmayhpw
FSpØp ]d-b-Ø-°-Xm-Wv. BtKmf BtcmKyw
Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI (UHA) F∂ e£yw \S-∏n-em-°m≥
tZiob BtcmKy Ajz-d≥kv anj≥ (NHAM)
F∂ Hcp ]≤-Xn-bpsS ªq{]n‚pw k¿°m¿ Xøm-
dm-°n. 2015 G{]nen¬ RSBY ]≤Xn tI{μ sXmgn¬
a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ ]cn-[n -bn¬ \n∂pw tI{μ
BtcmKy IpSpw-_-t£a a{¥m-e-b-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-
bn-te°v am‰n. ]pXnb tZiob BtcmKy \b-
Øns‚ ]pXnb cq]-tcJ Ct∏mƒ AXns‚ Ah-
km-\-L-́ -Øn-em-Wv. CXn¬ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-
c-£bv°v Du∂¬ \¬In-bn-́ p-≠v. hnim-e-amb Hcp
ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ C¥y-bn¬ BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-
c£ F∂ e£yw \S-∏n-em-°p-hm-\p≈ ASn-Ød
CXn-\Iw ]mIn-°-gn-™p. C\n AXn-\p-th-≠n-
bp≈ AwKo-Im-c-hpw, {ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ \S-∏n¬ hcp-
Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ \S-]-Sn-Ifpw hcm≥ A[nIw ImØn-
cn-t°-≠n-h-cn√.
kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-ßfpw UHCbpw
hcp∂ ]Xn-\-©p-h¿j Ime-b-f-hn-te°v
BtKmf hnI-k\w e£y-am-°n-bpw, ant√\nbw
Uh-e-]vsa‚ v e£y-ß-fn¬ (MDG)
sNbvXp-h∂ tPmen-Iƒ XpS-cp-∂-
Xn\p th≠n-bpw, sFIy-cm-jv{S-k`,
2015 sk]v‰w_¿ 25\v temI cmPy-
ß-fnse t\Xm-°-∑msc ]s¶-Sp-∏n®v
kpÿnc hnI-k\ ktΩ-f-\w (UN
Sustainable Development Sumit) \S-
Øp-Ibpw kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-
߃°v (Sustainable Development
Goals) AwKo-Imcw \¬Ip-Ibpw
sNbvXp. kpÿnc hnI-k-\-Øn-\mbn 2030 am≠v
e£y-an-´p-sIm≠v 17 kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-
ßfpw 169 A\p-_‘ e£y-ßfpw Cu ktΩ-f-\-
Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®p. Zmcn-{Zyw, ]´n-Wn, BtcmKy
hnZym-̀ ym-kw, enwK-k-a-Xzw, sh≈hpw ipNn-Xz-hpw,
Du¿÷w, sXmgnepw kmº-ØnI hf¿®-bpw, hyh-
km-bhpw ASn-ÿm\ kuI-cy-ß-fpw, Ak-a-Xzw,
\K-c-߃, Imem-hÿ XpS-ßn-bh 17 kpÿnc
hnI-k\ e£y-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. ""Gh¿°pw
imco-cn-I-˛-am-\-knI BtcmKyw Db¿Øp-hm\pw
F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-ssZ¿Lyw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-
hm\pw anI® BtcmKy tkh-\-Øns‚ e`yX Dd-
∏p-h-cp-Øp-Ibpw AXn-eqsS BtKmf BtcmKy
]cn-c£ Dd-∏m-°p-Ibpw thWw'' ̨ F∂v kpÿnc
hnI-k\ e£yw 2030s‚ AP-≠-bmbn Bap-J-
Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
Zmcn-{ZysØ \n¿Ωm¿P\w sNbvXv cmPysØ
kº-ZvL-S-\sb apt∂m v́ \bn-°p-hm≥ Btcm-Ky-
ap≈ P\X AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. UHC F∂Xv
F√m-h¿°pw BtcmKyw F∂ e£y-Øn\p
th≠n hnhn[ taJ-e-Isf kwtbm-Pn-∏n-°p-∂p. Hcp
cmPyw F∂ \nebv°v kpÿnc hnI-k\ e£y-
߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m\pw BtcmKy taJ-e-bn¬ a‰p
cmPy-ß-tfmSv tN¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈ ASn-
Ød C¥y ]mIn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. C\n Ah ̂ e-
{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øn-°m-\p≈ A¿∞-h-Ømb Iq´mb
{ia-ß-fm-Wv th≠-Xv.
(WHO bpsS BtKmf BtcmKy ]cn-c£m
ZuXy-Ønse C¥y≥ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmWv
teJ-I≥)
23tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
F®v.-sF.hn\nhm-c-W- ZuXyw:Hcp hnI-k\hnPb amXrI
A¬°m- \m-cw-Kv, Gbv©em Nu[cn
2015 se tZiob F®v.-sF.hn IW°p {]Im-cw, cmPyØv GI-tZiw 21.17 e£w P\-߃ HIV
_m[-bp-ambn Pohn-°p-∂p. CXv C¥ysb HIV
_m[n-X-cp≈ G‰hpw henb aq∂m-sØ cmPy-am°n
am‰p-∂p. 1987¬, sNss∂-bn¬ BZy HIV tcmKnsb
Xncn-®-dn-™Xp apX¬, {]kvXpX ASn-b-¥c {]Xn-
k-‘n-tbmSp {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Akm-[m-cW
cmjv{Sob C—mi-‡nbpw NSp-e-Xbpw C¥y {]I-
Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. GI-a-\-t msS HsØm-cp-an-
®p≈ C¥y-bpsS Bflm¿∏Ww, a‰v temI cmjv{S-
ßfp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ, anI® HIV {]Xn-
tcm[ am¿K-߃°v DZm-l-c-W-ambn IW-°m-°m-
hp-∂-Xm-Wv. P\m-[n-]Xy `cWw F∂ \nebv°v
amdn-amdn hcp∂ k¿°m-cp-Ifpw HIV F∂ ]I¿®-
hym-Ynsb t\cn-Sm-\p≈ cmjv{Sob C—m-i‡n {]I-
S-am-°n. £bw, ate-dn-b, IpjvTw XpS-ßnb tcmK-
ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ HIV _m[n-X-
cpsS FÆw Xptemw Ipd-hm-sW-¶n-epw, Kh-s◊‚p-
Iƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ {]iw-k-\o-b-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ
BWv ssIsIm-≠n-´p-≈-Xv. C°m-cWw sIm≠p-
Xs∂ Ign™ Zim-_vZ-Im-eØv 0.41% tcmK-_m-[-
bpw, ]I¿®bpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv 2015¬
0.26% Bbn Ipd-™-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. A©p-h¿jw
ssZ¿Ly-ap≈ 3 tZiob AIDS \nhm-cW ]≤Xn
CXn-t\m-SIw Xs∂ C¥y ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p. \memw
tZiob FbvUvkv \nhm-cW ]≤XnbmWv Ct∏mƒ
\S-∏m-°n-h-cp-∂-Xv. C¥y-bnse F®v.-sF.-hn.-tbm-
Sp≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ \nco-£n-®m¬ [mcmfw ]mT-
߃ ]Tn-°p-hm-\m-Ipw. \nc-h[n {]Xn-k‘n L -́
ß-fpw, cmPysØ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ kml-N-cy-
ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-́ pw, HIV tcmK hym]-\-Øn\p
Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc XS-bn-Sm≥ tZiob AIDS \nb-{¥W
]cn-]m-Sn°v km[n-®n-́ p≠v F∂Xv Nmcn-Xm¿∞yw
D≠m-°p-∂p.
tZiob FbvUvkv \nb-{¥W ]cn-]mSn (Na-
tional AIDS Control Prgramme, NACP) hy‡-amb
am¿K\n¿tZ-i-߃ XXz߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°pI hgn
FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn°v i‡-amb ASn-
Ød Db¿Øn-I-gn-™p. XpeyX, F√m-h-tcbpw
Dƒs∏-Sp-ج, _lp-Xe {]Xn-I-cWw F∂-Xn¬
A[n-jvTn-X-hpw, ]m¿iz-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏-´-h¿°v
A¥ pw _lp-am-\hpw Dd-∏m-°¬ XpS-ßn-b-h-
bmWv NACP bpsS ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-fmbn IW-
°m-°p-∂-Xv.
F®v.-sF.hn t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ Hcp hntI-{μo-
IrX kao-]\w Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ `mK-
ambn t\csØ Xs∂ kwÿm\ FbvUvkv \nb-
{¥W skmssk-‰n-Iƒ (State AIDS Control Soci-
ety, SACS) ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. F®v.-sF.hn
_m[ \K-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw {KmaoW taJ-e-I-fn-
te°p \oßn-b-tXmsS Pn√m FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[-
24tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
˛-\n-b-{¥W bpWn‰v (District AIDS Preventive &
Control Unit), hS-°p-In-g-°≥ {]mtZ-inI Imcym-
ebw (NERO) XpS-ßn-bh cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
IqSp-X¬ hntI-{μo-I-cWw \S-∏m-°n. ASn-ÿm\
kuIcy hnI-k-\-Øn¬ Xmc-X-tay\ ]nt∂m°w
\n¬°p∂ hS-°p-In-g-°≥ taJ-e-bnse sh√p-hn-
fn-Isf ]cn-l-cn-°p-hm≥ hS-°p-In-g-°≥ taJ-e-
bnse {]mtZ-inI Imcym-e-b-Øn\v km[n-®n-́ p-≠v.
C¥y-bnse HIV _m[n-X-cpsS IW-s°-Sp-°p-tºmƒ
ImWp∂ {it≤-b-amb Hcp Imcyw, AWp-_m[
{][m-\-ambpw I≠p-h-cp-∂Xv kv{Xo ssewKnI
sXmgn-em-fn-Iƒ, ]pcp-j-∑m-cp-ambn ssewKn-_‘w
]pe¿Øp∂ ]pcp-j-∑m¿, `n∂-enw-K-°m¿, ab-°p-
a-cp∂v IpØn-h-bv°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ P\-
hn-`m-K-ß-fn-emWv. HIV {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ
hnhn[ taJ-e-Isf IqSn _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip-
∂Xp sIm≠p Xs∂ Kh-s◊‚ns‚ X{¥-{]-[m-\-
amb HIV {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-{i-a-ß-fn¬ F√mw Xs∂
ta¬∏-d™ P\-hn-̀ m-K-ßsf apgp-h≥ Dƒs°m-≈n-
®p≈ Hcp coXn Bbn-cn-°Ww Ah-ew-_n-t°-≠Xv.
HIV {]Xn-tcm[w:
_lp-Xe kao-]\w
HIV {]Xn-tcm[w F∂ e£y-Øn\p th≠n
\nc-h[n k¶o¿Æ-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-tS≠n
hcp-∂Xp sIm≠v Hcp _lp-Xe kao-]-\-amWv Cu
hnj-b-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-t°-≠Xv. Cu Hcp kao-]\w
tZiob AIDS {]Xn-tcm[ \nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS
\b-Øn¬ t]cn\p th≠n Iq´n-t®¿°pI am{X-a-
√, adn®v {KmaoW hnI-k\ a{¥m-ebw, sXmgn¬
a{¥m-e-bw, kmaq-ly-\oXn im‡o-I-cW a{¥m-
ebw XpSßn 22 hnhn[ a{¥m-e-b-ßsf Cu e£y-
Øn\p th≠n {i≤m-]q¿Δw \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-bn-
cp-∂p. FbvUvkv F∂ _m[y-Xsb t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-
\mbn hnhn[ a{¥m-e-b-ß-fpsS {]m[n-\n-[y-tØmsS
tZiob FbvUvkv kanXn (National Council on
AIDS) 2005¬ cq]o-I-cn-®p.
FbvUvkv \nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS \memw
L -́Øn¬ kzImcy taJ-e-sbbpw a‰v Kh-s◊‚ v
Un∏m¿´p -sa‚p -I -sfbpw apJ-[m -c -bn -te°v
sIm≠ph∂v \nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ Ah-cpsS
]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ Hcp {]mtbm-KnI coXn-
bmWv Ah-ew-_n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. HIV _m[n-X-cmb
hy‡n-Iƒ°v hyXykvX a{¥m-e-b-߃ \S-∏n-em-
°n-bn-́ p≈ kmaqly kpc£m ]≤-Xn-I-fmWv Cu
Iq´m-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v DZm-l-c-Ww. HIV {]Xn-
tcm-[-Øn\pw \nb-{¥-W-Øn\pw th≠n tI{μ
Btcm-Ky-a-{¥m-ebw 14 hyXykvX a{¥m-e-b-ß-fp-
ambn [mcWm ]{X-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ ]¶m-fnØ
Icm-dp-Ifpw H∏p-h-́ n-®p-≠v.
CØcw hnI-k\ Imcy-ß-fn¬ cmjv{Sob
]n¥p-Wbpw XmXv]-cyhpw DW¿tØ-≠Xv AXy-
¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. F®v.-sF.-hn-s°-Xnsc t]mcm-
Sm≥ cmPysØ F√m Xe-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ cmjv{Sob
t\Xm-°-fp-tSbpw \b-kr-jvSm-°-fp-tSbpw kam-[m-
\hpw kwtbm-Pn-X-hp-amb ]n¥pW e`y-am-bn.
I£n t`Z-at\y F√m cmjv{Sob I£n-I-fn¬
\n∂pw A`q-X-]q¿h-amb ]n¥p-W-bmWv tZiob
FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[ \nb-{¥-W-Øn\v e`n-®-Xv.
]©-h-’c ]≤-Xn-I-fn¬ F®v.-sF.-hn.sb Dƒs∏-
-Sp-Øp-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v \b-cq-]o-I-cWw \S-Øp-
∂-h-cn¬ Cu \nb-a-Øn¬ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-
°p-hm≥ e£y-ap≈ ]m¿e-sa‚dn t^md-amb
FbvUvkv tZio-b-k-anXn t]mep-≈-h-bpsS cq]o-
I-cWw HIV/AIDS s\ ap≥K-W-\-tbmsS ssIImcyw
sNøm-\p≈ k¿°m-cns‚ Dt±-iy-Øn-\p≈ aXn-
25tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
bmb sXfn-hm-Wv. tZiob FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[
\nb-{¥W ]cn-]m-Sn-bpsS ̀ mK-amb HIV sk‚n-\¬
k¿ssh-e≥kv (HIV Sentinel Serveillance System,
HSS) ]≤Xn temI-Ønse Xs∂ G‰hpw _rl-
Ømb HIV \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w BWv. hnhn[
P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ tcmK-Øns‚ {]h-W-Xbpw
Aghpw a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Cu kwhn-[m-\-Øn-eqsS
km[y-am-Ip-∂p.
tZiob FbvUvkv \nb-{¥W kwL-S-\,
ss]e‰v amXr-I-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-epw, hnPb
]cm-P-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]mT-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-
Xnepw ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p. FbvUvkn-s\-
Xnsc Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°pI F∂ tZiob
ZuXy-Øn-\mbn cmPy-sa-ºmSpw ktΩ-f-\-߃,
inev]-im-e-Iƒ, C˛t^md-߃, skan\m-dp-Iƒ
F∂nh kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]≤Xn \S-Øn-∏n\v
Gsd KpW-I-c-am-bn. kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv≤¿, A°m-
Z-an-Iv-˛-K-th-jW C≥Ãv-‰yq-´p-Iƒ Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈
_lp-Xe ]uc kaq-l-hp-am-bpw, kmt¶-XnI ]¶m-
fn-Iƒ, tZiob GtIm-]\ kwhn-[m-\-߃, kmt¶-
XnI {]h-Ø\ hn`m-K-߃ F∂n-h-bp-ambpw kl-
I-cn-®v, {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kpXm-cy-Xbpw DØ-c-hm-
Zn-Xzhpw ]pe¿Øm≥ F®v.-sF.hn {]Xn-tcm[
{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kpXm-cy-Xbpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzhpw
]pe¿Øm≥ F®v.-sF.hn {]Xn-tcm[ {]h¿Ø-\-
߃°v km[n-®n-́ p-≠v. CXv Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS anI®
{]IS\-Øn-te°v \bn-®p.
t•m_¬ ̂ ≠v, tK‰vkv ̂ ut≠-j≥, temI-
_m-¶v, sFIycm-jv{S-k-̀ , F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ \nc-
h[n A¥m-cmjv{S ZmXm-°-fn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ hne-
s∏´ kw`m-h\ FbvUvkv {]Xn-tcm[ ]cn-]m-Sn°v
e`n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 2020˛HmsS t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥
C¥ybv°p ap∂n-ep≈ e£y-amWv "90˛90˛90' Sm¿P-
‰v. F®v.sF.hn _m[n-X-cn¬ 90 iX-am-\-Øn\pw
Ah¿ Akp-J-_m-[n-X-cm-sW∂v Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-I,
Aßs\ Adn-™-h-cn¬ 90 iX-am\w t]¿°pw
th≠ {]Xn-tcm[ NnIn’ e`y-am-°p-I, {]Xn-tcm[
NnIn’ tXSp-∂-h-cn¬ 90 iX-am-\-Ønepw NnIn’
^e-h-Øm-sW∂v Dd-∏p-h-cp-ØpI ˛ CXmWv 90-̨ 90-
˛90 Sm¿P-‰v. Cu e£yw ssIh-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ ka-
{Khpw Bflm¿∞-]q¿Whpw ̂ em-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb
kao-]\w F√m-h-cn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-°p-
∂p. k¿°m-cns‚ `mKØp \n∂p≈ A¿∞-h-
Ømb {ia-߃s°m∏w "FbvUvkv ap‡-am-sbmcp
cmPy' -Øn -\mbn \ap -t°m-tcm -cp -Ø¿°pw
ssItIm¿°mw.
(bp.-F≥.-Un.-]n.-bpsS F®v.-sF.hn \nhm-cWw
kw_-‘n® ZuXy-Øn¬ hnI-k\
{]h¿Ø-I-bmWv teJnI)
hn⁄m-\-]mX
`mcXv s\‰v (Bharat Net)cmPysØ 2.5 e£w ]©m-b-Øp-Iƒ°v 2013 Ah-km-\-tØmsS t{_mUv_m‚ v IW-
£-\p-Iƒ \evIm≥ e£y-an v́ 2011¬ Bhn-jvI-cn® tZiob Hm]v‰n-°¬ ss^_¿ irwJe
(National Optical Fibre Network, NOFN) bpsS ]pXnb cq]-t -̀Z-amWv `mcXv s\‰v (Bharat
Net) CXn-\mbn `mcXv t{_mUv_m‚ v s\‰vh¿°v enan-‰Uv ÿm]n-®p. 2011se NOFN
t{]mPIvSv dnt∏m¿ v́ {]Imcw 100 Mbps thK-X-bn-ep≈ IW-£-\p-Iƒ {Kma-]-©m-b-Øp-
Iƒ°v \¬Im≥ Bbn-cp∂p Xocp-am-\w. C∂v UnPn-‰¬ C¥y ]≤-Xn-bpsS Hcp {][m\
`mK-amb `mcXv s\‰v 2017 HmsS 175 Zi-e£w t{_mUv_m‚ v IW-£-\p-Iƒ \¬Ip-hm≥
e£y-an-Sp-∂p.
26tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
BZn-hmkn -ta-J-e-bnseBtcmKy ]cn-]m-e\w
2011 se IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw cmPysØsamØw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS 8.6 iX-am\w ]´nIh¿K
P\-hn-̀ m-K-am-Wv. AXm-bXv GI-tZiw 10 tImSn.
]m¿iz-h-Xv°cn-°-s∏-́ -hcpw Ah-i-X-b-\p-̀ -hn-°p-
∂-h-cp -amb Cu ]Øp tImSn P\-ß-fpsS
BtcmKyw {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp tZiob hnjbw Xs∂
BI-Ww. Ah-cpsS hfsc ]nt∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bn-
ep≈ kmaq-lnI ˛ kmº-ØnI hnZym-̀ ymk \ne-
hmcw F√m-h¿°pw Adn-hp-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS
BtcmKy Ah-ÿ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.
� ]´nI h¿K-°¿°nS-bnse inip acW \nc°v
Ign™ GXm\pw h¿j-ß-fmbn Ipd®v Ipd-
™n-́ p-≠v. F∂mepw s]mXp P\-hn-̀ m-KsØ
At]-£n®v ac-W-\nc°v hfsc IqSp-X-em-Wv.
\h-Pm-X-in-ip-°-fpsS ac-W-\n-c°v s]mXp-hn-
`m-K-Øn¬ 49 iX-am\w BsW-¶n¬ ]´n-I-
h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ AXv 62 iX-am-\-am-Wv. 5
hbkp hsc-bp-≈-h-cpsS ac-W-Øns‚ Imcy-
sa-Sp-Øm¬ s]mXp-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ 59 iX-am-
\hpw ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ CXv 96 iX-am-
\-hp-am-Wv. ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ Ip™p-
ß-fpsS ac-W-\n-c°v a‰v P\-hn-`m-K-ßsf
At]-£n®v aq∂n¬ H∂v IqSp -X-em-Wv.
cmPysØ 7 kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬ CXv kw_-
‘n®v henb A¥cw \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p.
� t]mj-Im-lm-c-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]´nI h¿K-
°mcmb Ip´n-I-fpsS Ahÿ apXn¿∂-h-cpsS
t]mse Xs∂ hfsc Zb-\obamWv.
� ]´n-I-h¿K hn`m-K-Øn¬ A©p hb-kn\p
Xmsg -bp≈ 53% B¨Ip-´n -Ifpw 50%
s]¨Ip´nIfpw icoc `mcw Ipd-™-h-cm-Wv.
t^m°kv
tUm.- A-̀ bv _mMv
57% B¨Ip-´n-Ifpw 52% s]¨Ip-´n-Ifpw
hf¿® apc-Sn®v Dbcw Ipd-™-h-cm-Wv.
� t]mj-Im-lmc Ipdhp aqew 49% ]´nI h¿K
kv{XoI-fpsSbpw ico-c-Øns‚ Dbc ˛ `mc
A\p-]mXw 18.5 \p Xmsg-bm-Wv.
� tKm{X-h¿K-°m-cpsS Km¿lnI Blm-c-{I-a-
Øn¬ A∂-Pw, Du¿÷w,-sIm-gp-∏v, Ccp-ºv,
hn‰m-an≥ F, ssdt_m-^vtf-hn≥ XpS-ßnb
Ahiy LS-I-ß-fpsS henb A]-cym-]vXX
D≠v.
t]mj-Im-lmc Ipd-hp-hp≈ ]´n-I-h¿K Ip´n-
IfpsSbpw apXn¿∂-hcpsSbpw kwJy 1985-˛87
apX¬ 2007 ˛08 Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ipd-™n-´p-≠v.
F∂mepw \ne-hnep≈ `£y-{I-ahpw t]mj-Im-
lmc t]mcmbvabpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. tKm{X-
k-aq-l-߃°n-S-bn¬ km[m-cW I≠p-h-cp∂
tcmK-ßsf Xmsg ]dbpw {]Imcw Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw.
� hf¿®-bn-√m-bva (t]mj-Im-lm-c-°p-d-hv, kmw{I-
anI tcmK-߃, amXr-inip BtcmKy {]iv\-
߃ apX-em-bh)
� tKm{X-h¿K°m¿°n-S-bn¬ am{Xw ImWp∂
tcmK-߃(Acn-hmƒ tcmKw, arK Zwi-\w, A]-
I-S-߃) apX-em-bh
� B[p-\nI PohnX kmlNcy tcmK-߃ (c‡-
k-Ω¿±w, el-cn, am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-°w apX-
em-b-h).
]´n-I-h¿K P\-k-aq-l-hp-ambn hfsc Zp¿_e
_‘ta s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy tkh-\-Øn-\p-≈p.-A-
Xn\p ]e Imc-W-ß-fp-ap-≠v.
27tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
1). km[m-c-W-°m¿°mbn cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-
´p≈ tZiob Xe {]mY-anI BtcmKy ]cn-]m-
e\ amXrI AtX-]Sn tKm{X-h¿K taJ-e-I-
fn¬ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂Xv tbmPn-®-X-√. ImSpw
{]IrXn i‡n-Ifpw sIm≠p Np‰-s∏´, kmw-
kvIm-cn-I-ambn hyXy-kvX-cm-b, `qan-im-kv{X-]-
c-ambn NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ Hcp P\-°q-´Øn\v
BtcmKy ]cn-c£ FØn-°pI hfsc t¢i-
I-c -am -Wv. ]´n -I-PmXn taJ-e-Iƒ°mbn
{]tXyI s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy ]cn-c£m ]≤Xn
cq]-I-ev]\ sNøp∂-Xns\ Ipdn®v CXp-hsc
Btem-Nn-®n-´n√ F∂Xv \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-amb
hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.
2). tKm{X h¿K taJ-e-I-fn¬ s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy
]cn-c£ e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ G‰hpw henb
{]Xn-_‘w Ahn-tSbv°v t]mIp-hm≥ k∂-
≤-X-bp≈, ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®n-́ p-≈, tPmen°v
k÷-cmb BtcmKy hIp∏v tPmen-°m-cpsS
A`mh-am-Wv. ]´nIh¿K taJ-e-I-fn-te-bv°v
t]mIm≥ Xøm-dp≈ tUmIvS¿am¿, \gvkp-am¿,
kmt¶-XnI hnZ-Kv[¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ s]mXp-P-
\m-tcmKy ]cn-]m-e\ hIp-∏n¬ Ipd-hm-Wv.
3). BtcmKy D] tI{μ-߃, s]mXp-P-\m-tcmKy
tI{μ-߃, Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ BtcmKy tI{μ-
߃ XpS-ßnb ÿm]-\-ßfpw Ds≠-¶nepw
BtcmKy ]cn-c£ e`y-am-Ip-∂n-√. A]-cym-]vX-
amb \nco-£W kwhn-[m\w, DtZym-Kÿ Xe-
Ønse DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øan-√mbva F∂nh IqSn-
bm-Ip-tºmƒ {]iv\w IqSpX¬ k¶o¿W-am-
Ip∂p.
4). tPmen-°m-cpsS ]cp-°≥ s]cp-am-‰-߃, ̀ mjm-
{]-iv\w, Zqcw, A]-cym-]vX-amb KXm-KX kuI-
cy-߃, \nc-£-c-X, BtcmKy Imcy-ß-fnse
Xmev]-cy-an-√mbva XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw ]´nI
h¿K taJ-e-I-fnse \ne-hn-ep≈ BtcmKy
]cn-c£m kwhn-[m-\-߃ th≠-hn[w {]tbm-
P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂-Xn\pw {]Xn-_-‘-am-Ip-∂p.
5). Kpcp-X-c-amb BtcmKy {]iv\-߃ D≠m-Ip-
tºmƒ t]mepw Bip-]-{Xn-I-fnseØn hnZKv[
tkh\w tXSpI F∂Xv tKm{X-h¿K-°m¿°n-
S-bn¬ hfsc A]q¿h-am-Wv.
sX‰mb ap≥K-W-\-Iƒ e£y-am-°n-bXp
aqew ]´n-I-PmXn taJ-e-I-fnse B-tcmKy ]cn-
c£m kwhn-[m\hpw hfsc \ne-hm-cw Ipd-
™Xmbn-t∏m-bn. CXv DS®p hm¿Øv i‡n-s∏-Sp-
ØpI F∂Xv kwÿm-\ßfpw tI{μ-hpw G‰hpw
{][m\ ]cn-K-W-\ \¬tI≠ hnj-b-am-Wv. ]´n-I-
h¿K taJ-e-I-fn¬ H´pw A\p-tbm-Py-a-√mØ
BtcmKy ]cn-c£m coXn AXpw hfsc hnI-e-ambn
\S-∏m-°-s∏-´-Xn\v Hcp {][m\ ImcWw Ahn-
SpsØ Bfp-I-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø- Ipd-hmWv. H∏w \b-
cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn¬, ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS Bkq-{X-W-Øn¬,
Btcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bn¬ tkh-\-߃ \S-∏m-°p-∂-
Xn¬ Ah-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ th≠{X ipjvIm¥n
ImWn-®n√ F∂Xpw Imc-W-am-Imw. CXv {Kma Xew
apX¬ tZiob Xew hsc icn-bm-Wv.
ta¬ kqNn-∏n® F√m {]Xn-_-‘-߃°p-
ap-]-cn, s]mXpsh Hcp ]cmXn IqSn-bp-≠v. AXm-
bXv BZn-hmkn taJe-I-fn-tebv°v \evI-s∏-Sp∂
^≠p-Iƒ a‰p taJ-e-I-fn-tebv°v Xncn®p hnSp-∂p,
As√¶n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂n-√, As√-¶n¬ AXp
tNm¿Øn-s°m≠p t]mIp∂p Fs∂m-s°.
Fßs\ ]p\¿cq-]-I-ev]\ sNømw?
1. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°p≈ GXp ]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw
\b-Øn-s‚bpw {]Ya XXzw ]¶m-fn-Ø-am-Wv.
cmjv{Sob-ambn hmIvkm-a¿∞y-an√mØ Hcp
P\-hn-`m-K-amWv BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ. hyXy-kvX-
amb `qan-im-kv{X-hpw kmaq-ln-I kmº-Øn-I
kmwkvIm-cnI Np‰p-]m-Sp-I-fpw BtcmKy
kwkvIm-chpw D≈ Ah¿°v hyXy-kvX-amb
BtcmKy ]cn-c£m kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw Bh-iy-
ap-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Ah¿°mbn Bkq-{XWw
sNøp∂ GXv BtcmKy ]≤-Xn-bnepw Ah-
cpsS ho£-W-߃°pw ]cn-K-W-\-Iƒ°pw
A¿l-X-s∏´ ÿm\w e`n-°-Ww.
2. GXm≠v 700 e[nIw BZn-hmkn kaq-l-߃
C¥y-bn-ep-≠v. AXn-\m¬ c≠m-a-Xmbn ]cn-K-
Wn-t°-≠Xv `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-hpw BZn-hm-kn-
Iƒ°v KpW-{]-Z-hp-amb {]tZ-inI Bkq-{X-
am-Wv. {]mtZ-in-I- BZn-hmkn BtcmKy tbmK-
28tbmP\
s^{_p-hcn 2016
ßfpw, Pn√m BZn -hmkn BtcmKy
kanXnIfpw -kwÿm\ Xe- BZn-hmkn D]-
tZiI kan-Xn-Ifpw ÿm]n®v {]h¿Ø-\-
߃°v {]mtZ-in-I-amb Bkq-{XWw \S-∏m-
°-Ww.
3. BtcmKy {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ^e-{]m]vXn
\n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fpsS
BtcmKyw, km£-c-X, hcp-am-\w, IpSn-sh-≈w,
ipNnXz kwhn-[m-\w, C‘-\w, `£y-kp-c-£,
KXm-K-Xw, tdmUp-Iƒ XpS-ßnb kmaq-lnI
LS-I-߃°v hfsc {]m[m\yw D≠v. AXn-
\m¬ BtcmKy ]cn-c£ t]mse a‰v LS-I-
ß-ƒ IqSn sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ GtIm]\
{]h¿Ø-\-߃ IqSn \S-°-Ww.
BZn-hm-kn-I-fpsS BtcmKyw sa®-s∏-Sp-
Øp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Nne \n¿t±-i-߃ ˛
1. Agp-°p-Nm-ep-I-fpsS \n¿Ωm-Ww, {Kma-oW-cpsS
ipNnXzhpambn _‘-s∏´ ASn-ÿm\ kuI-
cy-߃, ipNn-ap-dn-Iƒ, \n¿±njvS taJ-e-I-fn¬
sXmgn-ep-d∏p ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS \S-∏m-°p∂
sImXpIp \nhm-cW b⁄w F∂n-h kw_-
‘n-X-ambn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-Ww.
2. BZn-hmkn hoSp-I-fn¬ kutcm¿÷w D]-tbm-
Kn-®p≈ ]mNIw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°-Ww. CXv
]cn-ÿn-Xnsb IqSn ]cn-c-£n-°pw.
3.- BZn-hmkn {Kma-ß-fn¬ Ip-™p-ß-ƒ°p≈
t]mj-Im-lmc hnX-cW ]≤Xn sa®-s∏-Sp-
ØWw. BZn-hmkn kaq-l-Øn¬ Iuam-c-
°mcpw K¿`n-Wn-Ifpw aqe-bq-́ p∂ AΩ-amcpw
Kpcp-X-c-amb t]mj-Im-lmc cmlnXy `ojWn
t\cn-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. {Kma-߃ tI{μo-I-cn®v
tZiob {KmaoW BPo-h\ ZuXyw, h\nXm
kwL-S-\-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS kl-I-c-W-
tØmsS Ch¿°n-S-bn¬ BtcmKy t_m[-h-
Xv°-c-Whpw t]mj-Im-lmc hnX-c-Whpw \S-
Ø-Ww.
4. BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-S-bnse aZyw ]pI-bne F∂n-
h-bpsS D]-t`mKw \nb-{¥n-°pI hgn IpSpw-
_-ß-fpsS Btcm-Kyhpw hcp-am-\hpw h¿[n-∏n-
°m≥ km[n-°pw.
5. ]´n-I-h¿K kaq-lsØ im‡o-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv
as‰mcp {][m\ \S-]-Sn. ÿnc-amb B{i-b-Xz-
Øn\p ]Icw Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ sa®-s∏-
SpØn kz¥w BtcmKyw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v
Ah-sc-Øs∂ {]m]vX-cm-°pI F∂-XmWv
Cu {]iv\-Øn-\p≈ Zo¿L-Ime ]cn-lmcw.
BZn-hm-kn- kaq-l-tØm-Sp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-
ØØn¬ \n∂v Kh¨sat‚m s]mXp kaq-
ltam amdn-\n-ev°Ww F∂v CXp-sIm≠v
A¿∞-am-°-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS Xs∂ Ign-hp-Iƒ
]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu DØ-c-hm-ZnØw
Ipd-®p-IqSn sa®-s∏´ coXn-bn¬ \nd-th-‰Ww
A{X-am-{Xw. AXm-bXv BtcmKy ]cn-c£
\evIp-∂-Xn\p ]Icw AXv kzbw B¿Pn-°m≥
Ahsc {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂p. BtcmKy kwc-
£Ww Bkq-{XWw sNøp-tºmƒ Cu XXz-
amWv hnZ-Kv[sc \bn-t°-≠-Xv.
6. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ {]_-
e-ambn \nev°p∂ A_≤ [mc-W-Iƒ am‰p-
∂-Xn\v Ah-sc BtcmKy km£-ccm°-Ww.
AXn-\pth≠n thdn´ t_m[-\- coXn-Ifpw
Iem-cq-]-ß-fpw, a‰pw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww. kmt¶-
XnI hnZy-bneq-sS-bp≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-ab-Øn\v
BZn-hm-kn- `mj-Ifn¬ henb km[y-X-bp-≠v.
7. C∂v Hcp tImSn-bn-e-[nIw BZn-hmkn Ip´n-Iƒ
kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂p-≠v. Ah-cpsS
BtcmKyw sa®-s∏-Sp -Øp -∂-Xn\pw
Kh¨sa‚ns‚ BtcmKy t]mjW ]≤-Xn-I-
fn¬ Ah-cpsS ]¶m-fnØw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw
CXv henb Ah-k-c-am-Wv. ss{]a-dn, anUn¬,
sk°-≠dn hnZym-e-b-߃ , AwK≥hm-Sn-Iƒ
F∂nh {]mY-anI BtcmKy hn⁄m\ tI{μ-
ß-fmbn amd-Ww.
8. tKm{X-{Km-a-ß-fnse {]mtZ-inI BtcmKy kwc-
£-W-Øn¬ Ct∏mgpw G‰hpw {][m\ ]¶v
hln-°p-∂Xv \m´p-ssh-Zy-∑m-cm-Wv. Ahsc
am‰n \n¿ØmsX Ahsc IqSn kl-I-cn-∏n-®p-
sIm≠v imkv{Xo-b-amb BtcmKy ]cn-c£m
]≤Xn \S-∏m-°p-I.
9. `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb Zqc-Øn-\p-a-∏pdw kmw-
29tbmP\s^{_p-hcn 2016
kvIm-cn-I-amb Hcp AI¨-IqSn BZn-hmkn
kaq-lhpw a‰p-≈-hcpw XΩn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p-
∂p. Ah-cpsS `mj-bn¬ sshZKv[yw t\Sn-
s°m≠p am{Xsa Cu AI¬® Ipd-bv°m\pw
BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ Ah¿°v \evIm\pw
km[n-°p-I-bp-≈p.
10. -tcm -Kn -bmb Ip™n-s\-bpw -sIm≠v Hcp
AΩbv°v F{X Zqcw \S-°m-\mhpw? B Zqc
]cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ Ah¿°p≈ BtcmKy
tkh-\-߃ e`y-am-°-Ww. BZn-hmkn kaq-
l-߃ Pohn-°p-∂Xv ImSp-Iƒ°p-≈n-em-Wv.
AXmbXv BtcmKy tkh-\-߃ AhnsS
Ah-cp-sS {Kma-ß-fn¬ e`y-am-°-Ww. ]pd-Øp-
\n -∂p≈ BtcmKy ]cn -c£ Hcn -°epw
imizX ]cn-lm-c-a√ F∂v AXn-\p-th-≠n-
bp≈ Adp-]Xp h¿jsØ \nc-¥c {ia-߃
\sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ NnIn-’,
tcmK \nb-{¥-Ww, tcmK {]Xn-tcm[w XpS-ßnb
F√m-hn[ B[p-\nI kwhn-[m-\-ß-tfm-Spw-Iq-
Snb, BtcmKy tI{μ-߃ BZn-hmkn {Kma-
ß-fn¬ Xs∂ ÿm]n-°-s∏-S-Ww.
11. el-cnbpsS D]-t`m-KamWv BZn-hm-kn-Iƒ°n-
S-bnse G‰hpw henb hn]-Øv. AXv Btcm-
KysØ am{X-a-√, IpSpw-_Øns‚ kº-Øv,
kmaq-lnI sI´p-d∏v, F√m-‰n-\p-ap-]cn hnI-
k\w F∂nhsb F√mw {]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-
°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ 1976 ¬ kwÿm-\-߃
tN¿∂v AwKo-I-cn® BZn-hmkn taJ-e-I-fn-
tebv°p≈ aZy \bw ASn-b-¥n-c-ambn \S-∏m-
°-Ww. IqSms