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www.bridges-canada.com 1-800-353-1107
1.2
Symbols in ESL Teaching – Beyond
Snapshots of Nouns
Presented By:Bogdan Pospielovsky
www.bridges-canada.com 1-800-353-1107
May 13th – 15th • See new technologies• Network with professionals
from across Canada• Learn from educational and
assistive technology leaders• Discover UDL strategies• Experience Technology hands
on.
www.bridges-canada.com 1-800-353-1107
EducATe
Content – Canadian curriculum in AT tools, templates, tutorials, tip sheetsCourses – How to, application of AT, requests
Community – build learning communities, post events and news
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How to Learn More
• Subscribe to Blog• Free Info Sessions• Bridges’ to
Learning Conference
• Web based live Software Demos
• Bridges Loan Pool– Switches– Communication Aids– Mounts etc.
www.bridges-canada.com 1-800-353-1107
Outline of Presentation
• Look at differences between symbols, realia and pictures
• How to use Symbols to support growth of BICS and CALP
• Overview of using the symbol based software in support of BICS and CALP
• Drawing on Research by:– Chris Abbot (Symbols Now, 2000) – Tina and Mike Dethridge (Literacy Through
Symbols, 2002)
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Types of Technology
ClosedCurriculum
Multi-MediaAuthoring
Task Based
Tools
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Widgit Literacy Symbols (WLS)
• Designed with a focus on literacy• Over 10,000 symbols available from Widgit
Software
Simple Line Drawings
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Symbol
Pictures vs. SymbolsPicture
Symbol• something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign• focuses on a single concept/idea
• can be put together to build more precise information
Picture• visual representation of a person, object, or scene, as a painting, drawing, photograph• conveys a lot at once/detail• its focus may be unclear
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Limits of Photos and Realia
• Intensive use of concrete photographic visual representations language acquisition plateaus after initial success
(Kang, S.H. & Dennis, J.R. (1995). “The effects of computer-enhanced vocabulary lessons on achievement of ESL grade school children.” Computers in the Schools, 11 (3), 25-35).
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Iconicity
Transparent Opaque
guessability learnability
drink
A continuum that describes symbols based on their ease of recognition
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Iconicity
Opaque
Concrete Abstractverbs setsnouns Function
words
Transparent
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Does the symbol convey the correct meaning?
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Do the symbols have a clear schematic structure to support learning?
WLS
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Do the symbols have a clear schematic structure to support learning?
Symbolstix
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Do the symbols have a clear schematic structure to support learning?
PCS
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Do the symbols have a grammatical structure to support reading/writing?– Verb tenses
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Do the symbols have a grammatical structure to support reading/writing?
• plurals, comparatives, superlatives
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Choosing Symbols: Considerations
• Do the symbols support a range of vocabulary required for curriculum?
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Contexts in which we use symbols
• Communication• Organization and Independence• Vocabulary support for concept
development, oral language ELL support, reading/writing– within the symbol application– combined with other software
applications• Create materials for reading support• Within grids to support student writing
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Behaviour
• concrete references and/or cues are easily accessed during new, difficult, tense or escalating situations.
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Pragmatics and Semantics
• subtly of language given in a visual context to make them more accessible and concrete.
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Homophones
• words pronounced the same as another but differing in meaning, whether spelled the same way or not.
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Heterophones
• words that are spelled the same but have different pronunciations and meanings.
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Metalinguistic Awarentess
• Metalinguistic awareness (MA) across languages (Bialystock, 2007) very important
• Supported by studies by McCarthey et. Al (2004) and Garcia (2000)
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Boardmaker – Dual Language Search
• Searches in English• Presents in Language of your Choice
– Arabic– Russian– Hindi etc.
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Guide to creating a Communication Friendly Environment
www.symbolsinclusionproject.org/evidence/cfe
Symbols Inclusion Project
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*Current support *Communication *Environment
www.symbolsinclusionproject.org/evidence/cfe
Audit strands self survey
Symbols Inclusion Project
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Why do we use symbols?
• Supplement text to increase reading comprehension.
Symbol Inclusion Project (2006)
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Supported Curriculum Learning– Reading books and worksheets
Symbols Inclusion Project
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Creating Reading Materials
• Communicate in Print• Symwriter – writer • Clicker 5 – clicker library, PCS and/or WLS• Boardmaker Plus - symbolate
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Add Vocabulary to SMART Notebook
Copy and paste
Paste into gallery
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CALP
• Cognitive academic language proficiency (Cummins)
• Symbols can be used effectively to support:– Discrete subject specific academic
language learning– Scaffolded subject specific Writing
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“ELL’s are especially hurt by the fals presumption that they will continue developing advanced literacy skills in mainstream classrooms through mere exposure to classroom discourse and text reading, even without effective, ongoing language learning assistance (Allison 2008, Callahan, 2005) p132
•
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• Supported text– primarily text, with a few key words
symbolized, used mainly for specific curriculum topics
• Symbol Literacy: – full content in symbols and text, symbols
reflect grammar, one sentence per line, no more than 8 symbols
• Symbol information: – Simply imparts the vocabulary terms
associated with the topic
Levels of Symbol Support
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Pupils often understand the ideas but cannot always
read the words or write their responses.
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•Word processor that displays a symbol (if available) for each word typed.
Communicate: SymWriter
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• Supported writing environments for selecting from predefined grids and buttons
Communicate: SymWriter
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Communicate: SymWriter
•Over 10,000 Widgit Literacy Symbols, color and black & white
•Smart Symbolizing
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•Speech feedback•Symbolic spell checking
Communicate: SymWriter
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Vocabulary Support
• Within an application for creating displays :– Communicate in Print - WLS– Boardmaker – PCS (WLS addendums)– SymbolMate - Symbolstix
• Concept Mapping Software:– Kidspiration/Inspiration– Smart Ideas– Communicate Ideas – WLS
• Pasted into other applications– Boardmaker– Communicate Ideas– Symbolstix online– WLS Metafile Collection
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Writing
• What is the activity, the goal?• The place for symbols for spellers
– Consider the impact of using a symbol processor on motivation
– Consider vocabulary support in text mode
– Language representation in word prediction?
• Language representation in the word processor as well as the grid?
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Other Curriculum Symbol Supports
• Web support:– Point (Widgit)– Purchased by the web site developer
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Other Curriculum Symbol Supports
• Web support:– Insite (Widgit)
• create and display symbol-supported content on your website
• new "content editor" plugin which can replace or work alongside your existing content editor
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Other Curriculum Symbol Supports
• Web support:– SymbolWorld
http://www.symbolworld.org/
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Communicate: Ideas
• A dynamic environment for modeling and organising thought
• Comes with the Widgit Symbol set of over 10,000 images
• Easy to use• Ideal for younger grades
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Symbol Supported Assessment?
“It is essential that ELL’s be assessed in a way that uncouples language proficiency from content knowledge.”
Improving Achievement for English Learners Claude Goldenberg
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Useful Web Resources
Symbol World – Symbol supported resourceswww.symbolworld.org
www.tarheelreader.com
www.dictionary.com/translate
www.wordle.netwww.tagxedo.com
www.bridges-canada.com 1-800-353-1107
Contact Information
Bogdan Pospielovsky, B.A., B.EdBridges Canada
1-800-353-1107, [email protected]
Please contact me with any questions!Or Comments!