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WWI. Chapter 27. “Civilization has climbed above such perils; the interdependence of nations in trade and traffic, the scope of public law, Christian charity, and common sense has branded such nightmares impossible… It would be a pity to be wrong …” ~ Winston Churchill. Setting the Stage: WWI. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“Civilization has climbed above such perils; the interdependence of nations in trade and traffic, the scope of public law, Christian
charity, and common sense has branded such nightmares impossible…
It would be a pity to be wrong…”
~ Winston Churchill
WWI Sides: The BelligerentsAllied Powers
France GB Russia Italy United States and
Japan (eventually)
Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria
WWI: A TOTAL WAR Total War = All
resources used for war Propaganda
Civilian responsibility
New Industrial weapons/inventions in land, air, sea
Total War made WWI a… War of Attrition:
A slow wearing-down war in which each side tried to outlast the other
Major Battles WWI 1914
Battle of Marne: W-front France stops German adv. into Paris Trench warfare begins
Battle of Tannenberg E-front Huge German Win! Prob. Germany in 2-front war
Verdun – February, 1916
Verdun – February, 1916
e German offensive.
e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
e German offensive.
e Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916The Somme – July, 1916
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Major Battles WWI continued… 1915
Battle of Gallipoli Turkish-front Allie’s defeated by Ottoman E! Russia remains landlocked
United States Entry into WWI U.S. “neutral” until
April 6th, 1917 / May 28th 1918 our first victory at Cantigny
(North of Paris) Events that pushed
U.S. into WWI:1. Unrestricted Germ.
submarine warfare Sinking of Lusitania
Zimmerman Note / O throw of Russian Czar.
Paris Peace Conference Meeting of the Big 4:
GB: David Lloyd George France: George Clemenceau United States: Woodrow
Wilson Italy: Vittorio Orlando
Who were these men and what kind of “peace” did each of them want?
Areas of Concern Blame? Reparations? Colonies of Central Powers? Rhineland? Alsace-Lorraine? Saar? Poland? Danzig? Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Estonia? Czechoslovakia?
Other Problems w/ the Paris Peace Conference1. Russia and Central Powers not invited2. Political Problems3. Territorial Conflicts4. Reparations5. How to maintain peace
Force Wilson’s 14 Points
Freedom of seas, no secret treaties, no economic barriers, reduce arms, fair land divisions, establish League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles Officially ended WWI
1919
Treated Germany Harsh
Formed Independent Republics
Formed League of Nations