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7/28/2019 Wrld Hrt Day
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WORLD HEART DAY 2012
“ Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention among Women and Children”
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More common than you may think !!Heart disease and Stroke are the world’s
leading cause of death, claiming 17.3
mil lion lives each year and the numbers
are rising !!
By 2030, it is expected that 23 mill ion
people wil l die from Cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs) annually!!
CVD is rapidly increasing in India & our
country will be host to more than half of
the cases in the World within the next
15-20 years
The disease occurs at a much younger
age in Indians as compared to those in
North America & Western Europe
A Report from the American Heart Association Stat ist ics Committee. Circulation. 2011, 121:e1-e192
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Women & Heart Disease
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More fatal than any other disease !!
Worldwide, 8.6 million women die from heart disease each year , accounting for a third of all
deaths in women
42.7 million women worldwide are currently living wi th some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
7.5 mil lion women are currently living with coronary heart disease (CHD)
42% of women who have heart attacks die within 1 year, compared to 24% of men
CVD caused 1 death per minute among women in 2009. That represents more female lives than
were claimed by cancer, Alzheimer disease, and accidents combined
Under age 50, women’s heart attacks are twice as l ikely as men’s to be fatal
(A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee. Circulation. 2011; 121:e1-
e192)
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Affects more women than men !!
More women than men die of cardiovascular disease each year
23% of women and 18% of men wil l die within one year of a first recognized heart
attack; 22-32% of women and 15-27% of men heart attack survivors wil l die within
five years
12-25% of women and 7-22% of men heart attack survivors wil l be diagnosed with
heart failure within five years
(A Report from the American Heart Association Statist ics Committee. Circulation. 2011; 121:e1-e192)
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Is different in women ….
Early menopause, a rising trend among Indian
women, has now been associated with increased
risk of heart condition and stroke
Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome
are at increased risk for CV events
Heart disease manifests dif ferently in women, affecting the microvasculature
(small blood vessels) instead of the macro-vasculature (major blood vessels) as
it does in men
Heart disease symptoms in women may be different from those experienced
by men
Many women who have a heart attack may not even know about it !!
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Who is at-risk?
Cigarette smokers are 2 to 4 times more likely to
develop heart disease than non-smokers
High levels of Blood Cholesterol - 46% of
adult women have total cholesterol of more than
200mg/dL
Physical inactivity - Only 32.7% of women get
regular meaningful physical activi ty
Obesity – 59% of Caucasian women, almost
58% of African-American women, and 55%
Asian women are overweight or obese
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Who is at-risk?
Diabetes - Women with diabetes have a 2.5
increased risk of developing CVD and a 2.2increased of dying from CVD.
Uncontrolled Hypertension
Metabolic syndrome —
a combination of fat around your abdomen, high
blood pressure, high blood sugar and dyslipidemia,
has a greater impact on women than on men.
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Who is at-risk?
Menopause - After menopause, women have a
signif icant increase in the risk of heart disease
… due to decreasing levels of the female
hormone estrogen during menopause
Estrogen is associated with higher levels of
high-density lipoprotein (HDL or "good
cholesterol" ) and lower levels of low-density
lipoprotein (LDL or " bad cholesterol" )
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Children & Heart Disease
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Cardiovascular disease among children
Children are particularly at r isk, since they have little control over their
environment and can be limited in choices to live heart healthily
Children are vulnerable too …
The risk for cardiovascular disease begins
during foetal development and increase further
during childhood with exposure to unhealthydiets, lack of Physical activity and the epidemic
of Childhood obesity
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Children & Cholesterol
Children and adolescents who have high
cholesterol levels are more likely to become
adults with high cholesterol levels
Approximately 10 percent of adolescents
between the ages of 12 and 19 have "high“
total cholesterol levels (over 200 mg/dl)
Simple dietary modifications can signif icantlylower total and LDL cholesterol levels in
parents and their children
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Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery disease is one type of
heart disease that occurs when the
blood vessels that supply blood to the
heart muscle (coronary arteries) are
narrowed or blocked.
This narrowing or blockage is most
often caused by the buildup of fat
(cholesterol) and calcium inside the
walls of the arteries leading to the heart
called Plaques.
This process is called atherosclerosis,
or hardening of the arteries
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Angina Vs Heart Attack
Plaque may narrow the arteries, reducing
blood flow to the heart muscle. If blood
flow to the heart is reduced, a person may
have chest pain (anginaangina)
A plaque may suddenly rupture or tear
open, causing a blood clot to form in an
artery
When blood flow to the heart muscle is
blocked for an extended period of time,
this sometimes results in a heart attack
(myocardial infarction)
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Treatment OptionsMedical Treatment
Low dose Aspirin / Clopidogrel (Blood thinning agents)
•Treatment aims to balance blood supply to the heart with heart
oxygen demand, and prevent worsening of coronary heart disease
•Helps in preventing blood clot formation and obstruction of arteries
Statins
• Reduce the amounts of lipids (cholesterol and other fats) in blood
• They slow or stop the progression of coronary heart disease• Have beneficial effects immediately after a heart attack or threatened
heart attack, even before the fat lowering effect is maximal, meaning they
stabilize the plaque
• Examples include Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Rosuvastatin (Crestor) etc
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Angioplasty
Angioplasty is a surgical procedure that
improves blood flow by opening up blood
vessels that have narrowed due to
deposits of plaque
Surgical Treatment
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Bypass Surgery
With bypass surgery, arteries or
veins are taken from other parts of
the body to create the grafts that
channel the needed blood flow to
the coronary arteries
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Prevention is the Key
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Physical ActivityPhysical Activity
Being physically inactive is as risky as having
high blood cholesterol levels, high blood
pressure or cigarette smoking
Health experts recommend at least 30 minutes
of physical activity each day to reduce the risk
of heart disease
Physically active parents can model heart-
healthy lifestyle behaviors for their children
Research shows physically active children
become physically active adults
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Maintain a Healthy WeightControl portions (the amount of food you eat)
Do not use food as a reward for good behavior or goodgrades for kids
Limit snacking and be aware of the snack foods your
kids are eating
Eat meals as a family so it is easier to know what and
how much your child is eating
Increase your physical activity and f ind fun exercise
Limit the amount of time your chi ld spends watching
TV and playing on the computer
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Watch your diet
Good nutrit ion is important to your heart
health, and it will help control some of your heart disease risk factors
Eat a diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains
Choose lean proteins, such as chicken,
fish, beans, and legumes
Eat low-fat dairy products, such as
skim milk and low-fat yogurt
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Watch your diet
Avoid sodium (salt) and fats found in fr ied
foods, processed foods, and baked goods
Eat fewer animal products l ike red meat
Read labels and stay away from " saturated fat"
and anything that contains " partially hydrogenated"
or "hydrogenated" fats
These products are usually loaded with unhealthy
fats
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Stop Smoking
Stop smoking and protect yourself from tobacco
Avoid smoke-filled environments as exposure to second-hand smoke
signif icantly increases risk of heart attack
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THANK YOU