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Written English
David McPhail, Francesca Ortona, Julie Hartill, Andrea Walker
© Imperial College London
Value Added
ImperialMaterials Degree
Core knowledgeTransferable Skills
Context
gra
du
atio
n
adm
issi
on
s
emp
loym
ent
The HE process
Maths & Physics ‘B’
English required
31% overseas SE Asia /China
Industry
PG Research
Other (finance/ etc)
Research led university (rewards)
Many overseas staff and visiting staff
Writing Skills
Key points
Our students find writing the most difficult of the communication skills.
BUT over 95% of the marks in our degree course are associated with the assessment of written work by academic staff (so what are we assessing?).
Outcome = Knowledge*Skills*Writing ability
AND Employers (and most parents) expect our graduates to be able to write well after 17 years in the education system!
Writing Skills
Potential Problems are:
Underachievement
Plagiarism
Failure
Damage to institutions reputation
Strategies for Improving Writing Skills
Objective:
To put in place a sustainable support system to demonstrate to each student the need for high quality written work, to identify weaknesses, and to provide the appropriate assistance.
The Challenge
Students are:
• not aware of the importance of writing skills to their degree and to their subsequent career;
• convinced that the technical and numerical content in their work is all-important;
• tend not to allow time to read through their work and correct it.
The Challenge
Academic Staff:
• Many do not consider the teaching of written English to be part of their job
• Some are not suitably skilled to teach English
• Apply different policies and penalties in their marking schemes
Assessment and Clinic
1st Year students (66) were assessed on the basis of a report they wrote on their first lab “Introduction to Materials”. Common faults:
50
45
1534
34
15
14
34
short sentences
repetition ofwords
mixed tenses
vocab misused
numbers
first person
info repeated
colloquial
Categories a Good overall, only very minor points need attention.
b Good but needs more attention to detail
c Quite good but too informal/clumsy needs more care and thought
d Careless - sometimes lacking in coherence, logic. Sometimes repetitive. Disruptions to the flow.
e Needs some help with English although not too bad. Sometimes misunderstands.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
a b c d e f
f Needs a lot of help with the English language both in
expressing and in understanding
Categories
Comment on Admissions Criteria
IELTS and TOEFL scores did not map precisely onto the test results
HOWEVER… Most of the students in the lowest ability groups did have low IELTS and TOEFL scores
Raising the IELTS and TOEFL bar will ameliorate the problem
Questionnaire
Students’ suggestions for improving:
• reading more
• writing more
• greater
vocabulary
• attending
English classes
0
20
40
60
verygood
fair verypoor
Students' description of own writing ability
c
Rating
Recommendations - targeted
Extra assistance for students that have problems through:
• small-group tutorials given by specialists from English language Support Programme;
• one-to-one advice from a member of staff or another departmental champion
• peer tutoring
Recommendations - general
Marking and feedback
Enhances student’s motivation
Challenges:- staff inclination
- staff ability
- must be consistent
- can be a negative experience
Recommendations - general
• workshops to increase awareness
• 1st Year: no marks allocation but good feedback
• 2nd Year: Up to 25% may be deducted
Alternative:
• return any reports without marking if English is not adequate
• student required to correct and resubmit work
Workshops
1st Year Workshop: half-day
Introduction including video clip:
Exercise 1 (Write a letter of Application)
Exercise 2 (Précis – summarise 400 words in 100)
Exercise 1
• Write letter• Groups of eight• Look at each letter in pairs• Make written changes and comments• Group chooses a representative• Representative records good and bad points• Representative presents points to rest of class
Overall Conclusions on Written English
• Raise student and staff awareness of the issue• Assistance embedded in the course through assessment• Explicit assistance through workshops, ELSP and departmental champion• Consistent staff approach• Departmental champion• Raise entrance requirements (cannot learn English and Engineering in
parallel)• Useful Books before entry ?
– Eats, Shoots and Leaves – Lynne Truss– Ten Steps to Perfect Punctuation – Jenny Haddon – September 2006
Support for current work
Imperial College London:
Research Grant
UK Centre for Materials Education:
Teaching Development Grant