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Writing Formulas
Chapter 6(Chapter 9)
Rules for Writing Chemical Formulas Name begins with a metal Name does NOT begin with a metal
‘ACID’ in the name No ACID in Name
1) Write the metal symbol/charge
2) Write the non metal symbol/charge
3) Add subscripts if necessary to make it neutral (criss-cross)
Ends with -IDE Ends with –ATE/-ITE
1) Write each element symbol [NO CHARGES USED HERE] [NO Polyatomic IONS HERE]
2) The Prefix IS the subscript
(mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca)
‘HYDRO’ in front No ‘HYDRO’ in front
1) Write H+1
2) Write non metal symbol/charge
3) Add subscripts if necessary to make it neutral (criss-cross)
Name ends with -IC
Name ends with - OUS
1) Write H+1
2)Write Polyatomic ion that ends with -ATE
3) Add subscripts if needed to make it neutral
1) Write H+1
2)Write Polyatomic ion that ends with -ITE
3) Add subscripts if needed to make it neutral
Classic Names: add –OUS for lower charge/ -IC for higher charge to these roots
(Ammonium acts like a metal)
*These metals use a Roman Numeral after their name to indicate it’s charge
Copper (I) – Cu+1
Copper (II)- Cu+2
Mercury(I) – Hg2+2
Mercury(II) – Hg+2
Iron(II) – Fe+2
Iron (III) – Fe+3
Chromium (II) – Cr+2
Chromium(III) – Cr+3
Manganese(II) – Mn+2
Manganese(III) – Mn+3
Cobalt(II) – Co+2
Cobalt(III) – Co+3
Lead(II) – Pb+2
Lead(IV) – Pb+4
Tin(II) – Sn+2
Tin(IV) – Sn+4
Cupr -Mercur -
Ferr -Chrom -Mangan -Cobalt -
Plumb -Stann -
1) Write the metal symbol/charge
2) Write the polyatomic ion/charge
3) Add subscripts/parenthesis if necessary to make it neutral (criss-cross)
Rules for Writing Chemical Formulas
1. All molecules have a neutral charge
2. Subscripts are used when individual charges are not the same
3. Parenthesis are used ONLY WITH POLYATOMIC IONS that need a subscript to make it neutral
4. Two non metals have prefixes to indicate their subscripts
5. The charges of representative elements are known to be:
Charges for metals and non metals
K2SO4
Potassium sulfate
BaC2O4
Barium oxalate
HClO2
Chlorous acid
(NH4)2SO3
Ammonium sulfite
MgCO3
Magnesium carbonate
CBr4
Carbon tetrabromide
P2O5
Diphosphorous pentoxide
HNO3
Nitric Acid
NaHSO3
Sodium hydrogen sulfite
H2C2O4
Oxalic acid
Al(C2H3O2) 3
Aluminumacetate
Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide
H3PO3
Phosphorous Acid
HF
Hydrofluoric Acid
Zn(ClO)2
Zinc hypochlorite
LiH
Lithium hydride
HClO3
Chloric acid
Rb2S
Rubidium sulfide
SrCrO4
Strontium chromate
KMnO4
Potassium permanganate
NaCN
Sodium cyanide
Ca(HSO3)2
Calcium hydrogen sulfite
Ba(NO3)2
Barium nitrate
H3PO3
Phosphorous acid
Ag2CrO4
Silver chromate
ZnCO3
Zinc carbonate
stop
SO3
Sulfur trioxide
BeSe
Beryllium selenide
AlN
Aluminum nitride
NH4C2H3O2
Ammonium acetate
PCl3
Phosphorous trichloride
K2HPO3
Potassium hydrogen phosphite
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
H2S
Hydrosulfuric acid
(NH4)2C2O4
Ammonium oxalate
HNO2
Nitrous acid
Al2(SO4)3
Aluminum sulfate
LiClO2
Lithium chlorite
Ag2Cr2O7
Silver dichromate
Hl
Hydroiodic acid
NaClO
Sodium hypochlorite
NI3
Nitrogen triodide
H2CrO4
Chromic acid