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FCE Writing 2013
AMA DANANG CARE & SUCCESS Page 1
Contents
Introduction of the FCE writing paper ....................................................................... 3TYPE 1: FORMAL LETTER .................................................................................... 5
1. How should I approach the task? .................................................................. 52. Formal letter structure ................................................................................... 53. Useful language ............................................................................................. 54. Sample letters ................................................................................................ 6
TYPE 2: INFORMAL LETTER ..............................................................................111.
How should I approach the task? ................................................................11
2. Informal letter structure ...............................................................................113. Useful language ...........................................................................................12
TYPE 3: ARTICLE ..................................................................................................141. How should I approach the task? ................................................................142. Article structure ...........................................................................................143. Useful language ...........................................................................................15
TYPE 4: STORY .....................................................................................................181. How should I approach the task? ................................................................182. Story structure .............................................................................................183. Useful language ...........................................................................................18
TYPE 5: REPORT ...................................................................................................221. How should I approach the task? ................................................................222.
Report structure ...........................................................................................22
3. Useful language ...........................................................................................23
TYPE 6: ESSAY ......................................................................................................271. How should I approach the task? ................................................................272. Essay structure .............................................................................................28
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3. Useful language ...........................................................................................28TYPE 7: REVIEW ...................................................................................................34
1. How should I approach the task? ................................................................342. Review structure ..........................................................................................343. Useful phrases: ............................................................................................34
TYPE 8: SET BOOK ...............................................................................................371. How should I approach the task? ................................................................372. Set book structure ........................................................................................37a. How should I prepare to write about the set book? .....................................37
b. Set book structure ........................................................................................383. Useful language ...........................................................................................39
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Introduction of the FCE writing paper
The Writing paper is paper 2 of the FCE exam and it lasts 1 hour and 20 minutes.In this paper you have to complete 2 writing tasks.
Task 1 is compulsory - you have no choice and you have to write about 120-150words. This sounds a lot but if we say sentences are about 10 words long then it'sonly about 12-15 sentences. If you have average handwriting it's also only about 12lines. A piece of cake. In task 2 you have a choice of 4 possible tasks and you haveto write just a bit more 120-180 words. You should try to write at least 150 as it isdifficult (but not impossible for a skilled writer) to complete the task and impressthe examiner in task 2 if you only write 120 words. Generally time shouldn't be a
problem for you in this part of the exam if you have had plenty of practice before
the exam.
In task 1 you will be asked to write either a letter or an email. They give you some
material to read and you must respond to that material with your letter or base your
letter on the material given. For example, you might have to respond positively to
an invitation, give or ask for information, express an opinion, give reasons for
doing or not doing an activity or convey a preference. It's really important to show
that you understand the reasons you are writing and to whom.
In Task 2 you could be asked to write an article, an essay, a letter, a report, a
review or a story in questions 2-4. They are based on general topics such as health
and fitness, sport, music and so on. Questions 5a and 5b are based on two set texts.
There will be one question on each of the set texts (so question 5a and 5b). You
might be asked to write the same kind of piece as in questions 2-4 apart from a
story.
What are the examiners looking for?
The examiners are highly trained and have many criteria for marking your writing.
As a general summary they are looking at the following aspects:
- Content - Have you included what you are asked to include ?- not just part of the
required content, but all of it? This is where writing a plan really helps. It takes just
3 minutes but can save you time when you are writing and help you not to miss
important information. There's an example at the bottom of the article.
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- Organization and cohesion - Is it organized? Are all the ideas linked together?
Does it read like 1 piece of writing or lots of little bits thrown together?
Paragraphs!!! (Generally speaking 3 is minimum and more than 5 would probably
be an exaggeration). If you have written a good plan this part shouldn't be aproblem for you.
- Appropriacy and format - If it's a letter, does it look like a letter? If it's a report,
does it look like a report? E.g. A letter starts with Dear, a report doesn't. This also
includes 'register' - this means the level of formality of language - if you are
writing to a friend you should write more informally, if you are writing to someone
in authority you should use a more formal style.
- Range -This is the area you really show off in. You must show that you know a
variety of grammar structures and vocabulary. This will also make your work more
interesting for the reader.
- Accuracy - Mistakes!! Try not to make them! Spelling, punctuation, wrong
vocabulary, grammar mistakes. When you check your work it's a good idea to
check at least 3 or 4 times, but each time you check for something different. E.g.
many people have problems with a/the - so check your work by looking at the
nouns and seeing if you have the right article or no article. Tenses are tough in
English, so check through your work by looking at the verbs. Spelling could beanother check. What about checking to find ways to improve your range (see the
point above)?
- Target reader. When he or she is checking your work, the examiner puts himself
in the position of the target reader and wants to see what impression you make.
Does your letter, email, article, essay etc. have the right effect on the readers? For
example if you are asked to write a letter of complaint don't be too critical and
aggressive because this would have a rather negative effect on the reader in real
life and you may not get what you want - compensation etc. Remember the Brit'sare generally a polite lot. So if you do the same in the FCE exam the examiner puts
himself in the position of the target reader and will give you a lower mark because
of the bad effect on the target reader.
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TYPE 1: FORMAL LETTER
1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the letter? The task will tell you exactly what you have to
do. This may include: asking for or giving information; initiating action orresponding to a request; giving feedback on suggestions; making complaints,
suggestions, or corrections.
Who will read it? Probably someone who you do not know well, if at all. This
may be a named individual, or an unnamed representative of an organisation,
possibly a person in a position of authority or responsibility.
What style should I use? Be polite. Use indirect expressions, formal linking
phrases and set phrases wherever appropriate. Avoid being too familiar, or using
contractions and colloquial language.
What information should I include? In a transactional letter you will need to
read all the information you are given. This will include the task itself, plus one or
more additional texts, such as letters, memos, adverts, and hand written notes. You
must respond to all the questions and points in the texts or notes.
2. Formal letter structureDear,
Paragraph 1 Say why you are writing. Clearly state the subject or
context.Paragraph 2 Organise all the essential information from the task
prompts in a clear and logical way in the main paragraphs
of the letter. You may need to add some extra ideas of
your own.
Paragraph 3 Say how you expect the other person to respond to your
letter if this is appropriate.
Paragraph 4 More ideas
Closing expression(s)
Signing off Yours.,
First name + surname
3. Useful language
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Greeting Name unknown: Dear Sir/ Madam,
Name known: Dear Mr. /Dear Mrs. /Dear Ms. +
surname,
Reason forwriting
- I am writing to - I am writing with regard to- I am writing on behalf of...
Asking questions - I would be grateful if- I wonder if you could- Could you?- I would like/ be interested to know
Referring to their
letter/points- As you stated in your letter, - Regarding / Concerning - With regard to
Closingexpressions
- If you require any further information, please do nothesitate to contact me.
- I look forward to hearing from you.Signing off - If Dear+ name: Yours sincerely
- If Dear Sir/Madam: Yours faithfully,- If Dear + name or Dear Sir/Madam: YoursName Your first name + surname
4. Sample letters Sample question 1
You have just seen the following advertisement in your local newspaper:
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Write yourletter of application to Mrs Green. Do not write any addresses.
Model answerDear Mrs. Green,
I am writing in response to your advertisement, which I saw in the Daily News
yesterday. I would be very interested in applying for this position.
I am a nineteen year-old student, currently studying Maths at Warwick University.
I love being with children. I have three younger brothers and sisters, who I
regularly look after when my parents are at work. They also love sports and games-
basketball, swimming, tennis, hide-and-seek- and I would be very happy to
organize similar activities for your children.
I speak English very well. I was awarded an A grade in the Cambridge First
Certificate in English examination last year.
I would be very grateful if you could let me know what the rate of pay per hour
would be, and which hours during the summer I would be expected to work. I
could be free everyday if necessary, from the beginning of June until the end of
September.
If you require any further information, or wish me to attend an interview, please donot hesitate to let me know.
Yours sincerely,
Helen Taylor
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Sample question 2You bought the personal stereo advertised in a mail order catalogue.
A GREAT LITTLE PERSONAL MUSIC CENTER THAT FITS IN YOURPOCKET! (Very big and too heavy for my pocket)
This high-quality stereo comes to you at the unbeatable price of $19.99, (not true
found one for $14.99 in shop) including cost of postage, lower than you will find in
any shop.
It comes compete with:
- Headphones (missing)
- Convenient carrying case (zip broken)
- Batteries
It has a recording facility (didnt work), will pick up any radio station, and plays all
your tapes (destroyed two tapes) with high-quality sound.
THIS IS A BARGAIN NOT TO BE MISSED!
Write a letter to Home Mail Order, complaining about the stereo, and asking foryour money back, or a new stereo.
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Model AnswerDear Sir/Madam,
I am writing in connection with a personal stereo which I saw advertised in yourmail order catalogue. Last week I bought one of these, and I am sorry to say that I
was very disappointed when I received it.
First of all, your advertisement stated that the price would be lower than in any
shop but I saw the same stereo at a price of $14.99 instead of $19.99.
Furthermore, your advertisement promised that it would be a high-quality stereo
complete with all necessary accessories. However, when I received it, the
headphones were missing and there was a broken zip on the carrying bag. As well,the recording facility did not work, and I have already destroyed two tapes that
contained my favourite musical compositions.
Finally, you also promised that it would be a compact and portable device.
However, the stereo was so big and heavy that it could not be carried in a pocket.
Could you please arrange for me to receive a new one or refund my money in full?
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Peter Petrov.
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Sample question 3
How much?
Where in Dorset?
What time?
Model answer
Dear Sir or Madam,
I recently saw an advert for the Sea Creatures and would like to visit the sea life
centre with some friends. I am writing to ask for some more information.
My friend and I are all fifteen, so please could you let me know the price of tickets
for this age group? Your advert does not say exactly where Sea Creatures is. Couldyou send me a map or give me details of your website so that I can find out.
Finally, dolphin feeding is mentioned in your advert. Please let me know what time
of day this usually happens.
I would be grateful if you would send me this information as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully
Joe Hall
SEA CREATURESa fun sea life
centre for the whole family. Visit one of
Dorsets finest attractions and meet
some of the seas most amazing
creatures. Dont miss dolphin feeding
time!
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TYPE 2: INFORMAL LETTER
1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the informal letter? To respond to a request for action
from somebody else, such as to give information or make suggestions.
Alternatively, it could be to initiate action, for example, to request information or
invite somebody to do something. The task will tell you exactly what you have to
do.
Who will read it? The person or people you have been asked to write to.
What style should I use? An informal style. Slang and colloquial expressions are
sometimes appropriate, for example, if you are writing to a friend, but not if you
dont know the person. Contractions are always appropriate.
What information should I include? In a transactional letter you will need to
read information which is included in a variety of texts, for example, letters,
memos, adverts, and your hand-written notes. You must answer all the questions in
the texts or notes and make reference to any other comments.
2. Informal letter structureDear,
Paragraph 1 Begin by asking some personal questions or
making some personal commentsParagraph 2 Say why you are writing. If you need to change
agreements or turn someone down, give reasons
Paragraph 3 Give the information that you have been told to
give. Add some more details of your own if you
like
Paragraph 4 Like paragraph 3
Closing expression(s) Finish your letter with an appropriate comment.
Dont just stop abruptly
Your first name ..
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3. Useful languageGreeting Dear + first name
Asking about them Hi! How are things?
How are you?Hows it going?
Referring to their news Great news about
Glad to hear that
Sorry to hear about
Giving news Listen, did I tell you about
Youll never believe that
Oh, and another thing.
Making suggestions Why dont you?
Maybe you could
How about?
Closing expressions Well, got to go now.
Give my love to
Say hello to
See you soon!
Signing off Love,Lots of love,
Yours,
Name Your first name
Sample question:Your Italian pen friend, Antonia, wrote and asked about your lifestyle in England.
Read part ofAntonias letter and reply.
I think I have a very healthy lifestyle. I eat a lot of fruit and I get a lot of fresh air.
My family lives near the mountains, so we often go walking. Last weekend, we went
rock climbing. I saw a lot of wildlife and I took a lot of photos. What kind of
lifestyle do you have?
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Model answerDear Antonia,
Thanks for your letter. Your lifestyle sounds really interesting! We dont live nearthe mountains so Ive never been rock climbing, but Id love to try it.
You asked me about my lifestyle. I think Im quite healthy too. I sleep for about
eight hours every night and I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables. I like doing exercise.
Im quite good at tennis and I often go swimming with my friends. Last month, I
decide to do something different. I did a snorkeling course at our local swimming
pool. While I was doing the course, I met some really great people! The course was
hard, but we were all in the same boat!
Id love to visit you one day. I think wed get on really well!
Please write soon!
Love
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TYPE 3: ARTICLE
1. How should I approach the task?Who will read the article? Readers choose articles that interest them and ignore
those that look dull.What information should I include? You may have to describe personal
experiences or express opinions and ideas which people of young age can identify
with. What you write need not be true.
What is the purpose of the article? To inform readers about a particular topic in an
entertaining way.
What style should I use? The style can be light or serious, depending on who the
target reader is. Magazine articles, especially for young adult readers, are often
written in a light-hearted style. The title and opening paragraph should try to
capture the readers attention. We may use some rhetorical questions: e.g. Can you
imagine a school where every student enjoys themselves?
What language should I use? Probably some use of descriptive language and
language of opinion. There should be some examples.
2. Article structureTitle - Articles usually have a title. The title should be
informative (give the reader an idea of the
subject) and attractive (make the reader want to
read the article).
- Think of an interesting title which will makepeople want to read your article.
Opening - Start your article in an interesting way. You couldask the reader a question or make a strong
statement.
- Should be clearly defined, not too long andclearly linked.
Paragraph 1 The first paragraph should involve the reader in some
way. Try to end the paragraph in a way which makes the
reader want to continue reading.
Paragraph 2 Build on the interest you have raised in the first
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paragraph. This may mean answering the question or
telling the next part of the story.
Paragraph 3 Use each paragraph to mark the next stage of your
article.
Ending Finish the article in an interesting way. This could be
humorous or thought-provoking.
3. Useful languageEngaging the reader - Have you ever?
- Do you find that?- Are you one of those people who?
Making suggestions - Imagine- Lets suppose- Why not?- Have you thought of?- Try...
Giving examples - Take for example/instanceExpressing opinion - As I see it,
- To my mind, - I believe (that) - As far as Im concerned- In my view,
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Sample question 1Your teacher has asked you to write an article for your school magazine about your
professional achievements.
Write an article for your teacher.
Model answerMY ACHIEVEMENTS
Im very proud of some of the things Ive done in my life. Here are two of my
greatest achievements!
Every year, we have a sports day at school. Im not very good at sports and I dontusually win any races. However, two years ago, I decide to get fit. I went running
three times a week and I joined a karate class. On sports day, I entered three
running races. I didnt win any of them, but I came second in the 100 metres. I was
really pleased.
People have always said that Im good at singing, but Ive never been very
confident. So, six months ago I started singing lessons. Then my teacher asked me
to sing in the school concert. I sang a song by AvrilLavigne. I dont think Ill ever
be a pop star, but I felt it was a real achievement!
There are a lot of things I want to achieve in my life. My next goal is to pass my
exams!
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Sample question 2
You have seen this notice in an international magazine.
IMPORTANT INVENTIONS
Inventions have affected all our lives!
Write us an article about one invention, explaining whyyou think it is important
and saying how it has affectedyour own life.
The best article will be published in the magazine.
Model answerIMPORTANT INVENTIONS.
Nowadays, cars have become irreplaceable and people cannot stop using them. Cars have
been invented to improve the quality of our lives but recently we have become addicted
to them.
Not only do we use vehicles to do shopping but we also use them as the way of
travelling. Getting to work by using public transport is very difficult sometimes,
dependenton traffic. There are some other advantages of having a car such as spending
less money on buses and trains.
My life has changed since I collected my driving license. I have become moreindependent which is very important. I can decide the same day when I want to go andvisit my uncle, who lives in different town. Having a car also is needed if I want to get agood job.There are some disadvantages to having a car such as pollution, increasing noise and
number of accidents on the roads. I try not to go by car everywhere because I know how
important is to take care of environment. From my point of view the age of drivers is
terrifying low. Young people are irresponsible and don't really care much about anything.
Honestly, I think a car is a good invention but we need to think before using it. The timegoes so fast and must be aware of our future. However serious the problem is, I don't
think we can stop using car.
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TYPE 4: STORY
1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the story? To entertain and interest the reader.
Who will read it? Your story may be for a competition or a magazine. The taskmay say who will read it, for example, your teacher or other foreign language
students.
What style should I use? Use a neutral style- not formal but not too informal
either. Use descriptive language: adjectives and adverbs make a story more
dramatic.
What information should I include? A good story has an interesting beginning, a
middle which maintains our interest and a definite end. You need to set the scene
and choose two or three events to describe in detail.
2. Story structureTitle ..
Paragraph 1 -Begin or end your story with the words given, if this is
asked for in the task.
-Unless you are writing in the first person, introduce the
main characters. Say where and when the events took
place, and give any other important backgroundinformation. Make your beginning interesting so that
people will want to read on.
Paragraph 2 Develop the story: event 1.
Add descriptive detail to make it more real.
Paragraph 3 Develop the story: event 2
Add descriptive detail to make it more real.
Paragraph 4 Bring the story to an end.
3. Useful languageTime phrases It all began
It was one of those days when
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At first
Some time later,
Meanwhile
Later,
Eventually,
In the end,
Finally,
Dramatic devices Suddenly,
All of a sudden,
Just at that moment,
Direct speech , said x. . said x
Verbs withdirect/indirect speech
Tell whisper shout think cry
Concluding It had all been
After everything that had happened,
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Sample question 1You have decided to enter a short story competition. The competition rules say that
the story must begin with the following words:
As John got off the train, he couldnt believe how cold it was.
Write yourstory for the competition.
Model answerJOHNS TRIP
As John got off the train, he couldnt believe how cold it was. He quickly put on
his warm hat and gloves and walked carefully in the snow. He looked aroundexcitedly and saw his Uncle Bill at the end of the platform. With him were Johns
cousins. Alex and Tony.
The train left the station and John came up to his relatives. He hadnt seen his
uncle for a long time, but he hadnt changed. He was still short and fat, with a
round, bald head. They all said hellp nervously and then they laughed and kissed
each other. The boys started talking loudly and began to walk towards the car.
Where are your bags, John? asked Uncle Bill, suddenly. John stopped.
Oh no, he cried, sadly. Theyre on the train! They all looked. In the
distance, the train was slowly disappearing. John felt so foolish.
Uncle Bill quickly found a guard and spoke to him. He came back a second later.
Its okay.he explained. They are going to send them back from the next station.
They all smiled and John knew it was going to be a great holiday, after all.
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Sample question 2Your English teacher has asked you to write a story for the college magazine. Yourstory must begin with the following words:
Alice knew that it was going to be a very special day for her.Write yourstory.
Model answerAlice knew that it was going to be a very special day for her.
She knew her name as she had been hearing it for the last nine months.
She thought it was a beautiful name and she felt very happy each time somebody
said her name.
That day she felt really strange.She moved as she never did before. The most
confusing thing was that even though it had been her room, her space, she felt she
didn't fix there any more as she was bored with the same things all the time.
Suddenly, she started hearing people shouting like in a real rush but happy at the
same time; she hasn't any idea about what was going on in that external world and
her desires of getting out of that unbearable place were increasing each time. Shehad to work very hard for it but finally she succeeded, she did, she was out. It was
like a shock but a great adventure and she just cried and cried
Now she is at home with her parents who take care of her all the time. Besides she
has brought a lot of happiness to many other people. Certainly it was a very special
day.
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TYPE 5: REPORT
1. How should I approach the task?Whats the purpose of the report? You may be asked to give information,
evaluate something, or make suggestions and recommendations.Who will read it? The people who are asking for the report will read. This may be
an official group or somebody in authority, like a boss or a college principal.
What style should I use? Be clear and avoid unnecessary detail. Give essential
information and recommendations. An impersonal style is often appropriate,
avoiding overuse of the pronoun I.
What information should I include? Make a number of points in answer to the
question. Give some description and explanation. Conclude with a personal
recommendation.
2. Report structureReports should have a clear factual headingand may also have subheadingswhichdivide the writing into shorter sections. The information should be organised and
presented as clearly and logically as possible, with a short introduction explainingthe aims of the report and how the information was obtained and asuitable conclusion, summing up the information and making recommendations ifnecessary.
To:From:Subject:
...
..
Introduction Use heading: Introduction
Normally we state the aim or purpose of the report at the
beginning.
Avoid repeating exactly the words of thequestion, e.g. the question says recommend
improvements. The report says how these could be
made better.
Paragraph 2: Heading:..
Paragraph 3: Heading:
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Paragraph 4: Heading:.
Conclusion Use your conclusion to summarize briefly. Make
sure that you express your personal
recommendation if this is asked for in the
question. Make points clearly and directly.
Give reasons for your recommendations.
3. Useful languageInitial inforation To: From: Subject: orRe: Date
Headings Introduction conclusion Recommendation
Introduction As requested,
This involved visiting/ speaking to
This report is intended to
This report looks at / describes
It is based on
It draws on
It uses...Having visited/spoken to
My findings are outlined/presented below.
The aim of this report is + infinitive
The purpose of this report is + infinitive
Reporting anobservation
It seems/appears that
The majority / minority of
It was found that
It was felt that
Quoting According to
As X said
In the words of
Speculating It may / could / might (well) be that
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Generalising In general
On the whole
In the main
Commenting Interestingly
Surprisingly
As might be (have been) expected
Curiously
Predictably
Oddly
Strangely
It is interesting that
Recommending Having considered the options,
I would lik eto suggest/recommend
I therefore suggest/recommend
You may wish to consider
I recommend that
I would recommend+ v-ing
I suggest that
It would be agreat idea (for somebody)+ infinitive
It is recommended that
(Perhaps) it would be advisable for X to (do)
(Perhaps) X might /should consider
Summing up To sum up / To summarise
On balanceIn short
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Sample question 1Look at this task:
An English friend of yours is working on a series of articles called Young andOld around the World which looks at different towns and cities through theeyes of teenagers and senior citizens. She has written asking for your help andthis is an extract from her letter.
What I want is some first-hand information about what its like to live in your
town from the point of view of the two different age groups. You would need to
interview, say, ten people in each category on the main topics of publictransport, entertainment, and shopping and write me a brief report. Could you
also include a short introduction about your town and give a little summing up
at the end?
Write yourreport in about 250 words.
Modal answerLEISURE FACILITIES IN GRIMTHORPE
IntroductionThe aim of this report is to describe and assess the leisure facilities available inGrimthorpe. It is based on information made available by the GrimthorpeTourist Office, and on views expressed by local people who were interviewed.SportGrimthorpe has a wide range of sports facilities, both public and private. Thereis a large modern leisure centre in the High Street and facilities include aswimming pool, a sports hall for judo, fencing and other activities, and tenniscourts. The centre runs courses in all these sports and these tend to be very
popular. Membership costs 150 a year, which was felt to be rather expensive,
but a special temporary membership is available to visitors. The publicswimming pool on the outskirts of the town is older, less attractive and oftenovercrowded, but entry is only 1.50.TheatresThere are two theatres in town, the Kings Theatre in Bee Street, which offersmainly serious drama and has a good reputation for its productions of
Shakespeare, and the Little Theatre in Sea Street which specialises in lighter
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entertainment and the occasional pop concert. In general, it seems that theKings Theatre is more popular with the older members of the community whilethe Little appeals more to people in their teens and twenties.Museums and Art Galleries
The City Museum has an extensive collection of maps, pottery and otherarticles connected with Grimthorpes history. The attendants are said to be very
friendly and helpful, and there is also a small caf with reasonably priced home-made snacks. Interestingly, few of the local people interviewed had ever been tothe museum but it was recommended highly by several tourists.ConclusionGrimthorpe is well provided with leisure facilities for a town of its size andthese are well used by the townspeople on the whole. Sport seems to be themost popular leisure activity, while cultural activities like visiting the museum
or art gallery appeared to be the least popular among the Grimthorpians whowere interviewed. Perhaps the City Council should consider launching apublicity campaign to show how much these facilities have to offer.
Sample question 2
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Your teacher has asked you to write a report on things for young people to do in
their free time in the area where you live. In your report, you should mention what
free-time facilities there are and recommend improvements.
Write yourreport.
Model answerREPORT ON FREE-TIME FACILITIES IN MY AREA
Introduction
The aim of this report is to outline what young people do in my area in their free
time, what facilities exist for them and how these could be made better.
Free time activities
My town, Beauvoir, is quite small, so it does not have a cinema or theatre and there
is only one club for young people. As a result, young people have to take the train
or bus to Nantes, which is about 30 kilometers away if they want these things. On
the other hand, it is situated by the sea; so many young people spend their free time
on the beach or doing water sports.
Other facilities
Beauvoir has a sports center with tennis courts, a football pitch and a swimming
pool. There are also a number of cases where young people normally go to meet
each other and spend their free time.
Recommendations
I recommend that the town council should set up a youth club where young people
could meet, do other activities and also see films. This would encourage young
people to stay in the town at weekends and improve their social life.
TYPE 6: ESSAY
1. How should I approach the task?
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What is the purpose of the essay? Essays are usually set by teachers for students.
They give students the opportunity to express their opinions on subjects which may
be controversial.
Who will read it? Probably only the teacher will read, but possibly other studentsin your class do.
What style should I use? Essays are formal pieces of writing. Your opinions
should be expressed in a clear and logical way. Use discourse markers to make
clear how your different points are related.
What information should I include? A good essay includes clearly stated
opinions supported by well-chosen examples and convincing reasons.
2. Essay structureThe opening paragraph should establish the general topic of the composition andthe conclusion should give a balanced personal comment on the topic. There ismore than one way of structuring this essay:
Introduction, arguments for, arguments against, conclusion Introduction, one argument for, several arguments against and obviousconclusion (as in the sample essay 3) Introduction, argument for or against only, conclusion
3. Useful languageStating an aim I will discuss both point of view and express my own
opinion.
Introducing the firstpoint in a list of points
First,
Firstly,
First of all,
To start with,
To begin with.
Introducing a furtherpoint in a list of points
Second(ly),
Third(ly),
Moreover,
Furthermore,
In addition,
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Whats more,
Apart from that,
Also,
Another point to be made is thatIntroducing a final pointin a list of points
Finally,
Lastly,
Presenting two(dis)advantages together
not only but also
Presenting two opposingpoints of view
On one hand,
On the other hand,
Expressing result For this reason,
Because of this,
As a result,
Therefore,
Thus,
Expressing contrast However
but
Although
Though
Even though
In spite of
Despite
Nevertheless
In contrast to this,
On the other side of the argument,
Giving examples For example
For instanceSuch as
Like
Expressing your opinion In my opinion
As I see it,
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To my mind,
I believe (that)
As far as Im concerned,
In my view,
I do believe that
On balance, it seems to me that
Expressing someoneelses opinion
Some people believe (that)
According to
It is said (that)
Scientists argue/claim/ say that...
Introducing a
conclusionTo conclude,
In conclusion,
To sum up,
In summary,
Conclusion The advantages of outweigh the disadvantages.
Sample question 1
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You have been doing a class project on the environment. Your teacher has asked
you to write a composition about the following statement:
Everybody can help to protect the environment.
You should state whether you agree or disagree with this statement, explaining
your reasons clearly.
Write yourcomposition.
Model answerThere is no doubt that the environment is in danger. Mankind has caused the
worlds environmental problems, and only man can solve them. But can we, asindividuals, do anything to help?
There are many environmental problems that only governments and businesses can
solve. For example, one of the causes of global warming is pollution from factories
and cars. Governments must persuade factories to take responsibility for reducing
their pollution, and car manufacturers to produce cars which do not give out
damaging exhaust fumes.
Nevertheless, there are things that individuals can do. Firstly, we can recycle ourused plastic, glass and paper. If we do this, factories will not have to produce so
much. As a result, there will be less pollution. Secondly, we can use our cars as
little as possible. This will also reduce pollution. Finally, we can raise awareness
about environmental issues, and put pressure on governments and businesses to act
responsibly.
In conclusion, one individual has little effect on protecting the environment.
However, if we work together, we can all make the world a cleaner place.
Sample question 3
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You have had a class discussion on shopping. Your teacher has now asked you to
write an essay, giving your opinions on the following statement:
Shops should be open 24 hours a day, seven days a week
Write youressay.
Model answerShould shops be open 24 hours a day, seven days a week? I totally disagree with it.
Of course, if shops were open all day all time, it would be very convenient for us.
There are some times when we want something suddenly, and how nice it would
be if we could get that exact thing immediately!
But think about the other aspect of it. If shops had to be open all the time, someone
would have to work for those shops. Then people would have fewer holidays
because of the more work that has to be done, and it would not be good for our
mental health. What is more, to open the shops even at night, we would have to
consume much more electric energy, and it is not environmental at all, needless to
say. Contrary, what we should do is to cut down our energy as much as possible to
protect our earth.
To sum up, shops should NOT be open 24 hours a day, seven days a week. I think
wed better consider about our environment first, before meeting our selfish and
individual demands.
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TYPE 7: REVIEW
1. How should I approach the task?Who will read the review? Your review will be read by readers of a magazine.
What is the purpose of the review? The review is intended to give information tothe reader which will help them decide whether to attend the event themselves.
What style should I use? Use a style similar to an article which is likely to
interest the reader.
What information should I include? Give essential information about the story,
cast, band members, etc. Say what you like and didnt like about the performances.
Make a recommendation to the reader about whether or not they should go.
2. Review structureTitle State the name of the film, play, concert, ect.Paragraph 1 Introduce the topic of the review
Paragraph 2 Give the positive features
Paragraph 3 Give the negative features
Paragraph 4 Finish with a final recommendation.
3. Useful phrases:Say what you arereviewing
- The (film, booketc) I would like to review is..- The last Film I saw / book I read was.
Giving background - This show stars- The play is directed by- The film is about- Its set in.- The story is based on (a book...) ..- Its about..- There are many memorable characters
including .
- The main theme of the film is..- - What the film is saying is..
Expressions which - On the plus side,
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introduce a contrast - On the down side,- On the one hand,- On the other hand,
Recommending - Overall, Id recommend- All in all, the film was- I wouldnt hesitate to recommend- I wouldnt encourage anyone to - I would recommend this film to anyone.- Although I enjoyed it, I would not recommend
it for.
- Its one of the best (shows) Ive ever seen.- Although I am not normally keen on (musicals),
I am glad that I decided to go.
- The (film) lifts you out of your everyday life.
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Sample questionYou have seen this notice in your school library:
REVIEWS NEEDED
We want to buy some new books for the library. Have you read a good book in
English recently? Write us a review of a book you enjoyed, explaining why you
liked it and why you think it would be a good choice for the school library.
We will use your reviews to help us decide which books to buy.
Write yourreview.
Model answerTHE THIEVES OF OSTIA
The thieves of Ostia by Caroline Lawrence is the first in a series of books entitled
The Roman Mysteries and I think its an absolute must for the school library.
The book is set in the Roman port of Ostia nearly two thousand years ago. It tells
the story of Flavia and her three friends, and their attempts to discover who has
been killing the dogs of Ostia and why. Its full of mystery and excitement, and the
plot has many twists and turns, which make you want to keep reading.
The book is aimed at ten to twelveyearold native English speakers, but it is
very popular with older children and would be ideal for teenagers studying
English. Whats more, it gives a fascinating insight into life in Roman times, so
readers learn about history as well as improving their language skills.
After finishing The Thieves of Ostia, students will want to borrow further books
from the series. By buying it, then, the library would be doing a lot to encourage
students to read more in English.
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TYPE 8: SET BOOK
1. How should I approach the task?What is the purpose of the task? You may be required to express an argument in
an essay or an article, or to give your opinion of the book in a letter, a report or areview.
Who will read it? An essay or a report would be written for your teacher or for
someone in authority. An informal letter is likely to be to a friend. An article or a
review would be read by the readers of a magazine.
What style should I use? Follow the notes given on writing styles in the relevant
Writing Guides.
What information should I use? In each case, only include information about the
book which is relevant to the question. Dont be tempted to retell the story or to
give unnecessary details.
2. Set book structurea. How should I prepare to write about the set book?
Get to know the book
- Read it several times. For 2013, the set books are: William Thackeray: Vanity Fair (Black Cat or any edition) Mary Stewart: This Rough Magic (OUP)- Watch a film version. Make notes about the differences.
The story
- Write a short summary of each chapter.- Make a list of the main events.
The characters
- Make a list of the main characters. Make notes about their appearance andpersonality. What adjectives could you use to describe them?
- Make notes about the most important relationship in the book.The time and place
- Make notes about where and when the story is set.- If it is set in the past, think about any differences there are with the modern
world.
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Your opinion
- Write notes about why you like the book. Think about adjectives to describethe story, e.g. exciting, unusual, etc.
- Write about your favorite part. What happens?Why do you like it?
- Write about anything you dont like about the book.b. Set book structure
Letter
Dear,
Paragraph 1 Begin with suitable expressions
Paragraph 2 Answer part 1 of the question. Refer to the book you want to talk about early
on.
Give reasons for your opinions.Paragraph 3
Answer part 2 of the question. Give reasons for your opinions
Closing expression(s)
Your first name ..
Essay
Introduction Introduce the subject of your composition in your first
paragraph
Refer back to the question
Paragraph 1 Make a number of points for one side of the argument
Paragraph 2 Make a number of points for the other side of the
argumentConclusion Refer back to the question.
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3. Useful languageNouns used in books Main character villain opening minor characters
setting ending hero/heroine plot main event(s)
Adjective to describe
charactersPositive: kind, generous , clever, sensitive, brave
Negative: unkind/cruel, mean, stupid, insensitive,
cowardly
Adjectives to describe
the storyPositive: mysterious, exciting, original, interesting
Negative: ordinary, unexciting/dull, unoriginal,
uninteresting/boring
Key words:
Author: the writer of a novel or short story
Example: The author manages to bring the past and the present together by setting
half the novel in the eightteenth century, and half in the twentieth century.
be set in: Most stories are set in a certain time and place.
Example: The novel is set in eighteenth century London.
Chapter: Most novels are divided into chapters. These are usually numbered and
sometimes have a title.
Example: When we are introduced to Kose in the first chapter, she is lonely and
poor.
ending: the end of the story
Example: this novel does not offer a traditional happy ending.
main/central character: a very important character in the story
Example: Eliza Doolittle, one of the two main characters, is a working-class
flower-seller who does not speak English in an educated way.
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minor character: a character who does not play a central role in the story.
Example: Although Tom is only a minor character, he greatly affects how Angela
views relationships.
narrator: the person telling the story
Example: The narrator of the story is Ishmael, so we see everything that happens
through his eyes.
novel: a book which tells one long story.
Example: The plot revolves around five members of a family sailing across the
Pacific Ocean.
short story: Sometimes, the set book will be a collection of short stories. These
stories are much shorter than novels.
Example: In the short story The Devil, we see that humans do not always have
control over their actions.
twist: a sudden plot development which the reader was not expecting
Example: The twist in the final chapter, where we discover that Mr. Davenport is
in fact Helens long-lost father, is totally unexpected.
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Sample Question 1A J CroninThe Citadel
You have received a letter from a friend asking about books you wouldrecommend reading. Write a letter to your friend, explaining what you liked or
disliked about The Citadel. Describe your favourite or least favourite part.
Model answerDear Ben,
Thanks for your last letter. Its always great to hear from you!I want to tell you about a really good book Ive read. Its called The Citadel. I like
it because it shows the difficult decisions people face in real life situations. Its
about a doctor who works first in a mining area. While there, he starts with strong
moral ideas about helping poor people get good health care. Later, when he and his
wife move to London, he uses his medical skills to make money from richer
patients. These developments make the story really interesting.
My favourite part of the story is the part where the doctor, Manson, helps to save
the life of a miner trapped underground. It shows the qualities of bravery and
intelligence that a good doctor should have. It also illustrates the terrible working
conditions in the early twentieth century.
Read the book! Its fantastic!
See you soon.
Simon
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Sample Question 2Jules VerneAround the world in Eighty Days
Phileas Fogg and Passepartout travel around the world together experiencingvarious adventures on the way. Write an essay saying which character learns most
from their journey.
Write youressay.
Model answerPhileas Fogg and Passepartout are unusual travelling companions. Their different
experiences of travel provide the novel Around the World in Eighty Days with
some of its most fascinating moments. From these experiences, Fogg learns most,
ending the journey a different person to how he started.
When we meet the two characters, we learn that Passepartout has lived a very
varied life. In this sense, he has more experience of the world than Fogg.
Passepartout gets into many difficulties, such as when he is drugged in Hong Kong
or kidnapped by indians in America. However, I think that, if the journey
continued, he would carry on having experience like these.
On the other hand, Fogg breaks his usual lifestyle by accepting the bet to travel
around the world. He starts off as a very typical Englishman, with a slightly cold
exterior. By the end of the novel, however, he has fallen in love.
To sum up, under the influence of a woman,Phileas Fogg learns to become a
warmer and more sensitive character by the end of the story.