World War II Begins

FDR’s Foreign PolicyPhony War

Loss of FranceBattle of Britain

USA Involvement

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Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933-45

• 1933 – Good Neighbor Policy toward Latin America – non-interventionist

• 1934 – Gets rid of Platt Amendment allowing Cubans to make own foreign affairs and ends US Protectorate status but keeps Guantanamo Naval Base

• 1938 – Mexico nationalizes oil companies and US companies have to make settlements as FDR stands by Mexico

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FDR Foreign Diplomany

• 1933 – Recognizes the USSR as a country – diplomatic ties established

• Philippines – elects prsdient in 1935 - gradually allowed independence by 1945 – gradual removal of US military

• Recipricoal Trade Agreements – reduce tariffs to nations who agree to reduce theirs to us by 50% - easier for international trade

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Fascist Aggression

No one does anything

• 1931 – Japan invades Manchuria, sets up its own government there

• USA refuses to recognize Manchukuo

• League of Nation protests, no one does anything

• 1935 – Italy takes over Ethiopia

• 1937 – Japan invades China

• League of Nation protests, no one does anything

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The World Avoids War• Europe allows Hitler to defy Versailles Treaty –

anything for peace - appeasement

• 1933 – Hitler comes to power, builds large military, modern air force

• 1936 – Hitler sends military troops into the Rhineland – in contempt of Versailles Treaty agreement

• 1938 – Germany annexed Austria

• 1938 –Munich Pact France and England agree to let Germany have the Sudenland – part of Czechoslovakia

• 1939- Germany takes over Czechoslovakia

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America wants to avoid war

• Why?

• Why did they think it was possible?

• What were the causes of WWI?• Lusitantia sunk by U-Boats – Americans

die• Zimmerman Note• U-Boats start sinking US merchant ships

bringing goods to Allies 1916• We were not very neutral

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America wants to avoid war

• Why?

• Why did they think it was possible?

• What were the causes of WWI?• Lusitantia sunk by U-Boats – Americans

die• Zimmerman Note• U-Boats start sinking US merchant ships

bringing goods to Allies 1916• We were not very neutral

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Isolationists – 1930s

• Saw WWI as a big mistake

• Feared Japan’s imperialism and Europe as a chance to get into foreign war

• Republicans and Midwesterners – strongest isolationists

• Avoid War at all cost

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Nye Committee 1934• Senator Gerald Nye North Dakota

• Main reason WWI• Great Britain and France owed huge war

loans to US Banks• Sale of arms – made arms manufacurers

rich • Greed for bankers and arms dealers

• Disillusionment

• Great Depression9

Causes of WW I Neutrality Acts 1930’s

Weapon sales to Allies 1935 – No sale of weapons to warring countries allowed

Americans die on ships at sea

1935 - Americans forbidden to travel on ships of countries at war

Bank loans to Allies 1936 – No loans to any country at war

American ships sunk by U-boats

American ships could not trade or carry take goods to a country at war

Spanish Civil War 1937 – No sale of weapons to any side in a civil war

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Isolationists Try to Prevent War

War – September 1939

• 1939: Germany and USSR make non-aggression pact – they will not go to war with each other – plan how they will split Poland

• Sept 1939 – Germany invades Poland

• Sept 1939 – USSR takes eastern Poland, Finland, & Batlic states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia that they lost in

WW I11

Phony WarSeptember 1939 -

Spring 1940

• Allies: France and Great Brtiain versus

• Axis Powers: Germany & Italy & Japan

• War is declared but no one fights

• 1939 FDR pushes– President could OK sale of weapons to countries

• “Cash and Carry” – allowed if transport weapons on their own ships

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USA: FDR Plans for War

• 1936 Ends commercial treaty with Japan

• 1939 - WWII - FDR does not ask people to remain neutral in their opinions

• Prepares for war• Atomic energy funding (secret)• Secretly sold surplus goods to England and

France• LEND LEASE PROGRAM - sells goods to help

Allies – seel arms to those attacked by aggressor nation

• Navy convoy for goods to Great Britian• Draft Law passed 1940

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Phony War Ends Spring 1940

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Spring 1940

• April: Germany invades Norway and Denmark

• May - Conquer the Netherlands then Belgium

• Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain

• June - Germany takes over France

• July - Battle of Britain begins

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France is Conquered• June 22, 1940 - France surrenders rather than be destroyed

• Gen Petain is given Southern France - Vichy - to rule as the puppet of the Germans

• 2/3’s of France is under German military rule for four years

• English send all ships and boats of all types, motor boats, yachts, fishing ships – to evacuate British soldiers stuck in France at Dunkirk

• British soldiers get out, French do not

• “ Free France” General Charles De Gaulle goes to England

• Leave all equipment behind

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Other areas taken over by Axis

• Italy invades Egypt and were repelled by the British

• Germany steps in and the war in Northern Africa - Egypt is taken in 1941

• Italy invaded Greece and the Germans help take it over

• Germany, Hungary & Bulgaria take over Yugoslavia

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New Prime Minister in Great Britain

May 1940

• Winston Churchill becomes Prime Minister

• “I have nothing to offer you but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.”

• He leads the British through WWII

• Distrusts Stalin

• Works well with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt

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Battle of BritainJuly – September 1940

• Hitler thought the British would quit fighting after the fall of France

• “Operation Sea Lion” - German’s plan for invasion across the English Channel

• Break them down with air strikes

• Finish up with invasion

• Air strikes begin August 1940

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Battle of Britain

• By Sept. - Harbors, London, and other cities under siege

• Royal Air Force (RAF) vs. Luftwaffe

• Invasion called off after RAF holds them off

• Air strikes continue through June 1941

• 43,000 British civilians die

• Kept Hitler from sending troops to USSR in early spring of 1941

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Germans Invade USSR June 1941

• Conflicting interests in Balkans

• Initial success followed by problems

• Weather - General Winter fought by Germans in summer uniforms

• Supply lines - too far from home

• Russian fighters - never give up - Stalin would not let them stop fighting - fight or die

• Stalingrad falls in February 1943 - turning point of the eastern front

• 1/2 million Germans lost in USSR

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Japanese - America Tension

• USA sends supplies to China when Japan invades the mainland in 1937

• Sept 1940 Japan invades French Indochina (after Germany takes over France)

• Sept 1940 - Japan signs treaty with Germany and Italy

• USA - embargo to Japan on scrap metal and fuel

• Japan takes over Indochina by July 1941

• USA ends all trade with Japan and freeze Japanese assets in America

• Japan not willing to give up Asian empire

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Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

December 7, 1941• USA had helped China vs. Japan

• End trading oil - Japan needed it for ships and airplane and empire expansion

• Attack on Pearl Harbor - get USA out of the way

• USA declares war on Japan on December 8, 1941

• Not damage dry docks where ships were repaired

• American aircraft carriers were not at Pearl Harbor

• Japan takes over Guam, Wake, Philippines

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