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World Regional Geography February 24, 2010. Reading : Marston Chapter 5 Pages 210-238, 243-260 Goode’s World Atlas Pages 225-230 This Week: Map Quiz #2: Africa Next Week: Midterm Exam Introduction – North Africa & The Middle East. Rwanda, following the 1994 genocide. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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World Regional GeographyWorld Regional GeographyFebruary 24, 2010February 24, 2010
Reading: Marston Chapter 5
Pages 210-238, 243-260
Goode’s World AtlasPages 225-230
This Week:Map Quiz #2: Africa
Next Week:Midterm Exam
Introduction – North Africa & The Middle EastRwanda, following the 1994 genocide
Population DensityPopulation Density
Population CharacteristicsPopulation Characteristics
RegionRegion PopulationPopulation(Millions)(Millions)
Birth Birth RateRate
Death Death RateRate
Natural Natural IncreaseIncrease
(%)(%)
Net Net MigratioMigration Raten Rate
Projected Projected Pop. Change Pop. Change
(2050)(2050)
West West AfricaAfrica 297297 4040 1414 2.72.7 -1-1 +110%+110%East East
AfricaAfrica 313313 4040 1313 2.62.6 -1-1 +118%+118%Central Central AfricaAfrica 125125 4242 1414 2.82.8 00 +144%+144%
Southern Southern AfricaAfrica 5858 2424 1515 0.90.9 33 +17%+17%
• Differences between Southern Africa and the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa
• Impact of HIV/AIDS• Stage of development / demographic transition
Population CharacteristicsPopulation CharacteristicsRegionRegion IMRIMR TFRTFR % Pop % Pop
<15<15% Pop% Pop>65>65
Life Life ExpectancyExpectancy MaleMale FemaleFemale
West West AfricaAfrica 8080 5.55.5 4444 33 5151 5050 52East East
AfricaAfrica 7676 5.45.4 4444 33 5151 5050 52Central Central AfricaAfrica 9595 6.16.1 4545 33 5151 4949 52
Southern Southern AfricaAfrica 4848 2.82.8 3333 55 5252 5050 53
RegionRegion HIV/AIDS %HIV/AIDS % % Urban% Urban GNI PPPGNI PPP(US$)(US$)
West West AfricaAfrica 2.52.5 4242 1,6001,600
East AfricaEast Africa 5.65.6 2222 1,0301,030Central Central AfricaAfrica 2.52.5 4141 1,6501,650
Southern Southern AfricaAfrica 18.518.5 5656 9,3809,380
Sub-Saharan African DiasporaSub-Saharan African Diaspora
• Out of Africa• To Europe• Brain drain
• Within Africa• Search for work• Circular migrations
• Refugees• 4.5 million• 1/3 of world total
Religion & LanguageReligion & Language• Religion
• Animistic• Traditional beliefs
• Christianity• European missionaries• Colonialism
• Islam• North Africa / East Coast• Traders
• Languages• 800 living languages• 40 spoken by 1
million+
Importance of family• Respect for elders.• Reverence for ancestors.• Large families valued.
Land Tenure• Communal as opposed to individual ownership.• Inheritance from the past, responsibility to the
future. Music, art, and storytelling
• Artistic expression linked to reverence for elders and educating the young.
• Worldwide influence.
CultureCulture
Sub-Saharan Africa in the Sub-Saharan Africa in the World- SystemWorld- System
• 2 million years ago: Origin of humans • 5,000 years ago: Trading societies • 500 years ago: European exploration
and economic colonialism begins• 1882 – 1960s: European political
colonialism• 1960 – 1990: Independence
ColonialismColonialismThe system by which one country extends its political control to another territory to economically exploit the human and natural resources of the territory.
• 1483: Portuguese establish first European colony in Northern Angola.
• Coastal ports and scattered inland trading posts.
• Inland development• Southern Africa• Europeans lacked immunity to native diseases.
SlaverySlavery
• By 1700 nearly 50,000 slaves traded annually.• 9 million slaves sent to Americas between 1600 and 1870.• Approximately 1.5 million died en-route.
Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa Post-1950 increased
interest in Africa.• Discovery and desire for
resources.• Improvements in treating
disease.
Berlin Conference • 13 European countries
meet to divide up Africa.• No African representation.• No respect for existing
cultural or ethnic boundaries.
Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa
Colonial LegacyColonial Legacy
• Reoriented economies• Infrastructure geared for
export, internal linkages weak.
• Change in crops• Change in land tenure• Varying forms of colonial
control• Languages and financial
systems.
IndependenceIndependence
• 1957 through 1990• Transitions
• Peaceful and violent• Involvement of colonial
power varied by country
• Colonial borders became national borders.• Conflict resulting from
poorly drawn borders
GenocideGenocideArticle 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as:
Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy a national, ethnical, racial or religious group
• Killing members of the group. • Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of
the group.• Deliberately inflicting on the group living conditions
designed to bring about its physical destruction.• Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the
group. • Forcibly transferring children of the group to another
group.
Genocide in RwandaGenocide in Rwanda• Belgian colony until 1961
• Tutsi minority favored over. Hutu majority.
• Independence• Hutu majority seizes control.• Resentment and violence towards
Tutsis, many flea.• 1990-1993 Civil War
• Tutsis attempting to regain some power (RPF).
• 1994 President killed• Hutus begin massacre of Tutsis and
moderate Hutus.• 800,000 die in 100 days.• Post-genocide many Hutus flea
fearing retribution.