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Workshop on Sharing of Experience in Development of Hydro Power Projects30th - 31st October 2006, India
W.R. Asanka Perera
Deputy General Manager
Mahaweli Hydro Power Complex
Ceylon Electricity Board
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Located in the Indian Ocean to the south of Indian sub-continent
Latitude 5-10 N Longitude 79-82 E
65, 525 km2
Tropical climate :
Economic and electricity related indicators for Sri Lanka
2004 2005
Mid year population (millions) 19.5 19.7
GDP per capita (USD/person) 1,030 1,197
GDP real growth rate (%) 5.4 6.0
Access to electricity (%) 73.4 74.9
Installed Capacity (MW) 2100 2300
Maximum Demand (MW) 1563 1746
Electrical Energy Generation (GWh) 8043 8770
System Energy Losses (%) 17.1 17.2
Per Capita Elec. Consumption (kWh/person)
348 369
Importance of hydro to Sri LankaOnly Source of indigenous
energy in appropriate size Lowest cost generation
Road map for presentation
Hydro potential and development up to now Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan
power system Future development directions Problems experienced Government policy on hydro development
Hydro potential and development up to now
Potential and development
Potential Available 2000 MW Developed 1207 MW
Historical Development 1918 - First project proposal by local engineer D.J.
Wimalsurendra 1926 - Construction of Laxapana started 1950 - Laxapana stage I (3 x 8.33 MW) commissioned
First hydro power plant in Sri Lanka
Laxapana project started in 1940’s
Completed in 1950
Sri Lankan river basin system and hydro power stations Four major river basins
Kelani Mahaweli Kalu Walawe
1 4
2 0C O L O M B O
B A L A N G O D A
M A T A R A
2 1
1 6
1 7
H A M B A N T O T A
W E L L A W A Y A
B A D U L L A
1 3
1 2 1 9
M A N N A R
U K U W E L A
K O T U G O D A
B O L A W A T T A
K U R U N E G A L A
1 0
A N U R A D H A P U R A
V A V N I Y A
V I C T O R I A
P O L O N N A R U W A
B O W A T E N N A
T R I N C O M A L E E
H A B A R A N A
J A F F N A
2 1 G I N G A N G A X 4 9 2 0 M O R A G 0 L L A X 2 7 1 9 U M A O Y A X 1 5 0 1 8 B R O A D L A N D S x 4 0
C O M M I T T E D P L A N T S
C A N D I D A T E S P L A N T S
E X I S T I N G P L A N T S L E G E N D
N o . H Y D R O P O W E R P L A N T C A P A C I T Y ( M W )
1 7 U P P E R K O T M A L E 1 5 01 6 K U K U L E 7 01 5 N I L A M B E 0 31 4 I N G I N I Y A G A L A 1 11 3 U D A W A L A W E 0 61 2 S A M A N A L A W E W A 1 2 0
1 1 B O W A T E N N A 4 01 0 U K U W E L A 3 89 R A N T A M B E 4 98 R A N D E N I G A L A 1 2 2
6 K O T M A L E 2 0 17 V I C T O R I A 2 1 0
5 P O L P I T I Y A 7 54 O L D L A X A P A N A 5 03 N E W L A X A P A N A 1 0 02 W I M A L A S U R E N D R A 5 01 C A N Y O N 6 0
31
5 2
6 K O T M A L E
1 57
89
1 91 8
1 1
4
X
Historical development
Kelani river basin Exploited mainly 1950 to 1970
Laxapana complex 335 MW
Mahaweli river basin Development 1979 to 1990
Mahaweli complex 660 MW
Other hydro potential Walawe, Kalu river basins 1990 to 2003 Some other small rivers
Other hydro complex 211 MW
Mini/Micro hydro systems
Kelani river basin power stations (335 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations (660 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Kotmale (3 X 67 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Victoria (3 X 70 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Randenigala (2 X 61 MW)
Mahaweli river basin power stations Ukuwela (2 X 20 MW)
Time sequence of the development of
hydro power Capacity /
(MW)Year
commissioned
Old Laxapana Stage I (3 x 8.33) 25 1950
Inginiyagala (2 x 2.475, 2 x 3.15) 11.25 1954
Old Laxapana Stage II (2 x 12.5) 25 1958
Wimalasurendra (2 x 25) 50 1965
Udawalawe (3 x 2) 6 1969
Smanala (2 x 37.5) 75 1969
New Laxapana (2 x 50) 100 1974
Ukuwela (2 x 20 ) 40 1976
Bowatenna (1 x 40) 40 1981
Canyon unit 1 (1 x 30) 30 1983
Time sequence of the development of hydro power .. Capacity /
(MW)Year
commissioned
Victoira (3 x 70) 210 1984
Kotmale unit 1 (1 x 67) 67 1985
Randenigala (2 x 61) 122 1986
Kotmale Unit 2&3 (2 x 67) 134 1988
Nillambe (2 x 1.6) 3.2 1988
Canyon Unit 2 (1 X 30) 30 1989
Rantambe (2 x2 4.5) 49 1990
Samanalawewa (2 x 60) 120 1992
Kukula Ganga (2 x 35) 70 2003
Changing role of hydro power in Sri Lankan power system
Hydro component of system energy demand : Present , future
Annual energy demand (1969-2005)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Year
An
nu
al e
ner
gy
/ (G
Wh
)
Thermal
Hydro
Energy demand forecast (2005-2020)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Year
En
erg
y d
eman
d /
(G
Wh
)
From other sources
Hydro
energy demand (8769 GWh ) << capacity (4400 GWh) average wet year approx 1/2 energy demand very wet year (5661) cannot meet the energy demand ii
The changing role for Hydro Generation Past
Supply total peak demand energy demand
Present Peak demand supplier
Future Economic regulator Frequency controller
Hydro and thermal installed capacity 1969 - 2005 Installed Capacity
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004Year
MW
Hydro Thermal
Sri Lankan power system
Total Capacity 2411 MW Hydro 1207 MW Thermal 548 MW Wind 3 MW IPP Thermal 567 MW IPP small Hydro 86 MW
Future development directions
Future Developments
Hydro potential available 2000 MW
More than 50 % already developed
Remaining potential Gin Ganga 49 MW Broadlands 35 MW Uma Oya 150 MW Moragolla 27 MW
Another option
Expansion of existing hydro power plants
Especially for peaking duty Some candidates
Victoria (stage II) 3 x 70 MW Smanalawewa stage II 2 x 60 MW New laxapana 72.5 MW Polpitiya 23.2 MW
Mini/Micro hydro development
Master plan study (1988) 80 MW (200 sites) 8 MW from irrigation tanks
Intermediate Technology Development group study (1999) Estimated another exploitable small hydro potential of
100 MW 250 sites
Mini/Micro hydro development … First mini hydro plant in 1996 90 MW (48 sites) connected by April 2006 280 GWh supplied by mini hydro plants in 2005
(= to 3% of total electricity generated)
Mini/Micro hydro development …
0
20
40
60
80
100
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
MW
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
No
.
Capacity
No. of Plants
Problems experienced
Problems experienced
Upper Kotmale project Delayed more than 10 years 20% energy reduction to exclude the tapping of some
water falls
Upper Kotmale and Kukula project Energy reduction due to not using the potential for
reservoir type
Government policy on hydro development
Government policy on hydro development Development of hydro power generation to its full
potential
All large scale hydro power generation under Government control
Mini hydro plants under private sector development
Energy generated is purchased through power purchase agreement with Ceylon Electricity Board
Thank you …
http://www.ceb.lk