WORKOVER OPERATIONS

It is a variety of remedial operations on a producing /ceased / injection well for restoring its original position or increasing production by work over Rig.

The sickness of well:-

Mechanical Problems :-

Bad Primary Cementation and channeling behind casing.

Casing or well head failures.

Perforation problems.

Production of sand / paraffin.

Failure of down hole equipments.

Failure of Artificial light equipments.

Failure o

Reservoir Problems:-

Low Formation Permeability.

Low Reservoir pressure.

Fluid Problems:-

Improper and non-compatible infection fluid.

Gas Coning

Water Coning.

Formation of Precipitate / Scale.

Problems around well bore:-

Accumulation of Formation Fines.

Water blocks.

Loose perforation and sand production.

SEQUENCE OF WORKOVER JOBS.

Derigging.

Inter location Movement of The rig and its equipments.

Rig Building.

Sub due the Well.

Remove X / Mas tree and T/H and Install of BOP and testing of BOP.

Release of Packer and circulate the brine. Start initial P/O of the string.

Carry out different types of jobs according to well plan.

Activation of the well by compressor/N2/ Gas lift.

Connect the well to GGS line and carry out details testing.

Rig Release and D

WORK OVER JOBS:

Well Servicing.

Layer wise testing.

Zone Transfer.

Water And Gas Shut off.

Fishing or removal of stuck up string.

Repairing of casing damage.

Repairing of channeling behind casing.

Sand control.

Abandoning of the well.

Well control in abnormal condition.

DERIGGING:-

It is a service of activity of dismantling of rig and rig’s equipments after

completing work over operations Rig is ready for inter location movement.

Following jobs are carried out:-

Empty the Brine / water tank.

Removing all Pump line connection.

Remove all Gay ropes.

Lowering Telescopic Mast.

Removing Sub-Structure (BHEL).

Lowering tilting Mast.

Removing all electrical connections.

Make GGS line connection to well.

Keep all items at store.

Inter location Movements:-

It is the process in which Rig and its equipments are transported from old point to

new point

It consists of following activities: -

Loading of Rig equipment at old point.

Transportation rig and its equipments at new point.

Rig Building:-

It is a process in which rig and its equipments are set at different

Place at new point to carry out work over operations at new point.

Following Activities are carried out:-

Placing of brine and water tanks, connect to pump and collect Brine and

water.

Place all other equipments in proper place to carry out easy operations.

Raise the tilting Mast. Place Sub-Structure (BHEL).

Raise the telescopic Mast and fit all Guy ropes.

Makes all electrical connection and Instrument connection and Equipment

Connection.

Well Killing/Sub-due: -

Circulation rather than bull heading (pumping in with no returns) is the preferable

way to kill / Sub-due conventional completions. An adjustable choke should be

used on the tubing/casing outlet to hold a stable backpressure on the formation

when killing a well. The main principal involved in all well killing / sub-due

methods is to keep bottom hole pressure constant.

The various killing methods are given below:

Driller’s method.

Wait & Weight Method.

Concurrent Method.

Volumetric Method.

First three methods are circulating methods in which influx is circulated out by

fresh Brine / Mud. Keeping the bottom hole pressure constant.

The fourth method is a non-circulating method in which the influx is brought

out due to heavy gravity of Brine/Mud is placed in the well bore without

circulation.

In driller’s Method two circulations are required. In first circulation influx is

removed from the well and in second circulation kill Mud/Brine replaces the

original Mud/Brine and restores the primary control of the well.

In wait and weight Method well is killed/sub-due in one circulation only.

Volumetric Method is a non-circulating method and implemented mainly in

two steps namely the “Bleeding and lubrication” process.

Kill/Sub-Due Sheet of W.O. RIG: -

Formation data: Well Data:SBHP: Casing Data

BHT: Size: PPFSITP: Grade:SICP: Brust Pressure:

M. DepthBrine Weight: T.V.Depth:

Tubing Data:Pump Displacement Size: PPFSlow Pump rate: SPM DepthDynamic Pr. loss Brust PressurePre-Volume Data:

Length→¨ Capacity→¨ Volume→¨ P/stks→¨ Time

Tubing →¨

Drill pipe →¨

Drill Collar →¨

String volume →¨

DC x Casing →¨

DP/TP x Casing →¨

Annulus Volume: -

Total Well System Volume: -

Kill Brine Weight: - Current Brine Weight + SITP/TVD X 0.052.

Initial circulating pressure=Dynamic Pr.loss + SITP.

Final circulating pressure= K/ Brine Weight x Dynamic Pr.loss

Current Brine Weight

NOTE :- Sp.gr x 8.33 = PPG of Brine

Remove X/Mas Tree and T/H.

Install BOP and Testing of BOP: -

After killing/Sub-due the well, well keep open under observation for ½ HR if

NO activities then remove X/Mas tree and T/H and Install BOP on well. Make

all line connection BOP to Accumulator and carry out Functional and Pressure

test of BOP. If OK Rig is ready for initial operation of Draw works.

Release of Packer, Circulation and initial P/O of the string :- Release the packer by straight pull/ rotation and straight pull. Some time

reciprocating is required . After releasing the packer, circulate the well one

cycle and observe the well for ½ hr, if no activities start p/o of the string

( initial) .

Activation of well:-

After the well is perforated, it is activated by reducing the hydrostatic head

over the formation and to induce flow of formation fluid into the well. This is

done by following methods. 1. by swabbing 2. By air compressor 3. By

nitrogen 4. By unloading g l v

Connect the well to GGS:-

After the well becomes activate with oil and gas ( knocking and water

completely from the well) flow the well to pit for ½ hr. connect well to GGS

for stabilization them carry out details testing of true well, the rig will be

released for next point .

Different type of work over jobs well servicing:-

Well servicing means the servicing of the down hole equipments and removal of

bottom hole deposits from well bore

Layer wise testing:-

Sometime drilling is released after hermetical testing of true casing . So the work

over rig is deployed to carry out the layer wise testing of the well to reduce the

cost of drilling rigs testing time .

Zone transfer:-

It is the shifting of zone only. This is done due to non-availability of oil and gas

from the zone. This is done by first isolate the zone by cement squeeze / plug or

putting Bridge plug, then transfer to other zone.

Water/ gas shut offWhen unwanted water /Gas is flowing and reduced the production of oil in the

Well, this is done by the following methods.

1. By block cementation / Squeeze.

2. By chemical/ Polymer Squeeze.

3. Isolated by Cement Plug/ Bridge Plug.

Fishing:

It is a process in which the broken or stuck equipment or all of anything from a

part of all down hole equipments, string or any material accidentally dropped into

the well bore is recovered from the well bore.

Causes of fishing: -

Broken of string.

Stuck of string.

Broken of well servicing equipment.

Producing sand from the formation.

Poor quality of packer.

Faulty design of completion.

Any foreign material accidentally dropped into the well.

There are many different methods to use with the various types of Fishing Jobs.

Each fishing job is unique. But there are some basic techniques and tools

commonly used in most jobs. Fishing is mainly of two types.

1. Open hole fishing.

2. Cased hole fishing.

Evaluating the fishing problems:-

For evaluating fishing the following information’s are required. It is extremely

important that complete and accurate data is recorded.

Well data.

String Data

Well Condition.

Locating the fish:-

There are three systems to locate the fish.

1.by pipe stretch method 2. By electrical free points 3. By drill pipe / tubing

recover log .

Pipe stretch method

L = E x e x w

40.8 x P

Where L = length of free point in feet .

E = modulus of elasticity - 30000 psi

e = differential elongation – inches

W = weight of pipe

p = differential pull in pounds

By electrical free point :

Surveys have eliminated most of the guess work about where to back of and start

fishing . It locates the lowest point where the pipe is free.

Drill pipe / tubing recovery log

The drill pipe / tubing recovery log is an acoustical survey used to determine

stuck point in drill pipe / tubing

When the string is stuck up condition following are the methods to recovery

the string .

String shot method .

Controlled back off .

Blind back off .

String shot : -

The string shot is a prima cod explosion into the well to the desired depth

opposite a tubing coupling or tool joint as indicated by the collar locator.

Applying left hand torque to the string completes back of and holding while the

shot is exploded. If the correct torque is applied, the jar of the explosion will

cause the threaded connection to unscrew .

Controlled back off : -

After locating the free point the pipe is backed off immediately above the stuck

point inside the casing.

Back off Method:- 1. Before a back off. Free point.

Blind back off:-

The “Blind Back off” refers to backing off a stuck string with out the use of a

free point. In practice the book load is either increased or decreased to equal the

weight of the string to the desired back off depth. Left hand torque is applied in

increment. The string is worked up and down after each increment in an attempt

to make the applied torque reach the desired point of back off is not

recommended.

Back off method:-

Before a Back Off, first determine the depth of free point.

Make up string to a maximum of 80% of the tensional limit.

Put the neutral point on a level with the joint to back off. The weight indicator

tension is given by

T = P + Ph x S

1000

Where, T= Weight Indicator tension in 103 daN

P= weight in mud off the free length of string + T /B

Assembling in 103 daN .

Ph = hydrostatic pressure at the back off point in bar

S = Area of malting surface of joint .

Apply left hand twist amounting to 60 to 80 % of the rightward twist used to

make up string.

Fishing tools : -

Mainly fishing tools are classified in two groups ,

1.Externally engage tool

2. Internally engage tool .

Circulating overshot : -

It is the strongest tool available to externally engage, pack and the pull a Fish. It

has a Top Sub, Bowl, Grapple, inner seal, Mill control, outer seal and guide.

Die collar:-

It is simple, rugged, dependable, external Catch fishing tools.

Impression Block

It is a soft lead insert in the lower end of steel housing, used in fishing operations.

It is designed to enable the operation to determine the configuration of the top of

the fish and to locate its position in the well bore. Its use enables the operation to

more precisely assess the fishing conditions and select the proper tools needed

to successfully complete the fishing operation.

Rotary taper tapIt is simple, rugged, dependable, internal Catch fishing tools.

Releasing spear

It is simple, rugged, dependable, internal Catch fishing tools. It has Mandrel, Grapple, Releasing Ring and Nut.

Non- Releasing spear

It is simple, rugged, dependable, internal Catch fishing tools. It has Mandrel,

Grapple, Dies and top sub.

Junk basket

It is rugged Junk Fishing device, using either a Mill Shoe or Flat Bottom Shoe,

used for retrieve all types of small Junk Objects in the well bore.

Reverse Circulating Junk Basket

It is used to retrieve all types of small junk objects in the well bore.

MagnetIt is used to retrieve all types of small objects having magnetic attraction from

well bore.

Rotary shoe

It is used to mill the annular of the junk / flat junk Or Struck Metal Object

Abandoning of the well:-

When the hydrocarbon is not produced from the well bore due to reservoir

depletion or water flooded of layers.

Abandoning is carried out .

First isolate the layer by putting the cement plug of 100 M/ 150M above

internals or setting a bridge plug above the intervals. It is called first

isolation for abandoning and a 200 M below the ground level. Remove the

Well Head and Cap the well by placing one M.S. Plate/Flange.

Well control in Abnormal situation:-Kick:-

It is defined as an influx or flow of formation fluid into the well bore and can

occur any time the formation pressure is greater then the hydrostatic pressure

in the well.

Blow out:

It is an uncontrolled flow of formation fluid at the surface or sub surface from

the well bore.

Primary Well Control:-The maintenance of sufficient hydrostatic head exerted by subdue fluid to

hold back the formation fluid pressure is termed as primary well control.

Secondary Well Control:-

If due to any reason hydrostatic pressure in the well bore falls below the

formation pressure, formation fluid may enter in the well bore and if so

happens the primary control may be temporarily lost and proper use of BOP

and kill procedures will provide secondary well control .

Pressure:-

It is defined as force exerted per unit area.

Hydrostatic PressureIt is the pressure exerted by a static column of fluid by virtue of its density. It depends on the vertical height (TVD) of the column and the density of the fluid.

Hydrostatic Pressure (PSI) = Depth (TVD) in ft * Mud / Brine density (PPG) *

0.052.

Hydrostatic Pressure ( kg / cm2 )

= Depth (meter) / 10 * mud / brine sp.gr

Pressure gradient:-

When pressure of fluid of a given density is measure over a given unit depth

the term is known as pressure gradient.

For example:-Fresh water has a density 8.33 PPG and 1 ft column of it shall exert a pressure

of = 8.33 * 1*0.052= 0.433 PSI

Therefore pressure gradient of fresh water is 0.433 psi / ft .

Formation Pressure:

Formation / Pore pressure is the pressure exerted by the fluid trapped in the

Pores of the formation. Formation pressures are two types

1. Normal formation pressure.

2. Abnormal formation pressure.

Normal formation Pressure:-When the pressure gradient is up to 0.465 psi / ft , it is normal formation \pressure

Abnormal Formation Pressure:

When the pressure gradient is more then 0.465 psi / ft. It is abnormal formation pressure.

Useful data for W.O. Operation

API STUDS:- 5000 psi

Bore size & length ring

2 1/16” →¨ 7/8” x 6” →¨ 24

2 9/16” →¨ 1” x 6½ ” →¨ 27

3 1/8” →¨ 1 1/8”x 7¼ ” →¨ 35

7 1/16” →¨ 1 5/8”x 10 ¾ ” →¨ 46

11” →¨ 1 ¾” x 15” →¨54

Bore size & length ring

2 1/16” → 3/4 “ x 5 ¼” →¨ Bx – 1522 9/16” → 7/8” x 6” →¨Bx – 1533 1/16” → 1” x 6 ¾” →¨ Bx – 1547 1/16 → 1 ½”x 11 ¼” →¨Bx – 15611” → 1 ¾” x 15” →¨ Bx - 158

Bit casing Combination:-

Casing →¨ PPF →¨ Bit Size →¨Tool Jt.5 ½” 13 -17 4 ¾” 2 7/8” Reg.‘’ 20 4 5/8” ‘’‘’ 23 4 ½” 2 3/8” Reg.‘’ 26 4 3/8” ‘’7” 17-23 6 ¼” 3 ½” Reg.‘’ 26 6 1/8” ‘’‘’ 29-32 6” ‘’‘’ 35 5 7/8” ‘’‘’ 38 5 ¾” ‘’9 5/8” 29.3-36 8 ¾” 4 ½” Reg.‘’ 40-43.5 8 5/8”‘’ 47 8 ½” ‘’‘’ 53.5 8 3/8” ‘’

Annular volume:-

Casing →¨ PPF →¨ Tubing →¨A/Vol. L/M

5 ½” 17 2 7/8” 7.939

‘’ 20 2 7/8” 7.380

‘’ 23 2 7/8” 6.863

7” 26 2 7/8” 15.772

‘’ 29 2 7/8” 15.191

‘’ 32 2 7/8” 14.631

‘’ 35 2 7/8” 14.090

‘’ 26 3 ½” 13.753

‘’ 29 3 ½” 17.172

‘’ 32 3 ½” 12.612

‘’ 35 3 ½” --------

Casing volume:-

Casing →¨ OD →¨ PPF→¨ ID →¨ D/ID →¨ Volume

5 ½” 139.7 17 124.26 121.08 12.13

5 ½” 139.7 20 121.30 118.19 11.57

5 ½” 139.7 23 118.60 115.44 11.05

7” 177.8 26 159.42 156.23 19.96

7” 177.8 29 157.00 153.90 19.38

7” 177.8 35 152.50 150.24 18.27

9 5/8” 244.4 43.5 222.3 -------- 38.85

9 5/8” 244.4 47.0 220.4 -------- 38.19

Tubing volume:-

Tubing →¨ OD →¨ PPF →¨ ID →¨ D/ID →¨ Volume

2 3/8” 60.325 5.95 47.42 45.03 --------

2 3/8” 60.325 4.70 5-.67 48.29 --------

2 7/8” 73.000 6.4/6.5 62.00 59.61 3.02

2 7/8” 73.000 8.7 57.38 54.99 2.586

3 ½” 88.900 9.2/9.3 76.00 72.83 4.540

Colour code for tubular:-

J-55 →¨ GREEN

K-55 →¨ TWO GREEN

C-75 →¨ BLUE

L-80 →¨ RED WITH BROWN

N-80 →¨ RED

C-95 →¨ BROWN

P-105 →¨ WHITE

N2 Application in water:-

100 Kg/cm2 →¨1100/1200 Mt.

110Kg/cm2 →¨1300 Mt.

120Kg/cm2 →¨1400 Mt.

130Kg/cm2 →¨1500 Mt.

140Kg/cm2 →¨1700 Mt.

150Kg/cm2 →¨1900 Mt.

160Kg/cm2 →¨2000 Mt.

170Kg/cm2 →¨2200 Mt.

180Kg/cm2 →¨2300 Mt.

190Kg/cm2 →¨2500 Mt.

200Kg/cm2 →¨2700 Mt.

210Kg/cm2 →¨2800 Mt.

220Kg/cm2 →¨2900 Mt.

230Kg/cm2 →¨3100 Mt.

240Kg/cm2 →¨3300 Mt.

250Kg/cm2 →¨3500 Mt.

260Kg/cm2 →¨3600 Mt.

Useful formulae:-

1.Top of the influx= depth of the empty at casing at which liquid

surfaced - depth of the empty at casing at which liquid

Surfaced x tubing volume / tubing volume +annular volume

2. Influx Height = balancing height after releasing – top of the influx.

3. Buoyancy factor = 1- Sp.gr. Of killing fluid / sp.gr. Of steel (7.85)

4. Weight of the string in the air(Kg) = 1.488 x PPF x Depth of the string in

Mt.

5. Weight of the string in the air(Pound) = PPF x Depth of the string in Ft.

6. Weight of the string in Kill fluid (Kg) = BF x 1.488 x PPF x Depth of

the string in Mt.

7. Weight of the string in Kill fluid (Pounds) = BF x PPF x Depth of the

string in Ft.

8. Tubing volume = Tubing volume/ Mt x Depth

9. Annular volume = Annular volume/Mt x Depth

Wire Rope:-

Abbreviation :-

FW→¨ Filler Wire Construction

PS →¨ Plow steel

IPS →¨ Improved Plow steel

EIPS →¨ Extra Improved Plow steel

PF →¨ Performed

NPF →¨ Non Performed

FC →¨ Fibre Core

IWRC →¨ Independent Wire Rope Core

RL →¨ Right Lay

LL →¨ Left Lay

Right lay:-

Different type of Lay:- Regular lay:

in regular lay the wires are twisted in one direction and the strands in

the opposite direction.

Land Lay:

in land lay the wires and the strands are twisted in same direction.

Anti rotating rope:-

When the load is handle with one or two lines/ it is better to use anti

Rotating wire ropes.

In anti rotating wire ropes the layers are twisted in the opposite

direction,

Show that the resulting torque will be as small as possible.

Use of anti rotating wire rope:-

When string up with only one or two ropes.

The sheave diameter factor D/d must be 40. (Never less than 35)

It must always be under tension. Even when idle.

It must never be untwisted or over twisted to avoid kinking or bird

casing.

Do not use bull dog clips, thimbles. Use only socket sealed with zinc.

The length of the spooling drum must be large enough to have only one

layer of wire rope on it.

API W/R Fastening Devices:- Efficiency of various fastening devices.

Socket type fastening→¨ 100%

W/R Clip type fastening→¨ 80%

Spliced thimble fastening→¨

3/8”- 5/8” →¨ 95%

¾” - 1 1/8” →¨ 85%

1 ¼”-1 ½” →¨ 80%

No. of Clips necessary:-

Dia→¨no.of Clips→¨length of rope→¨ make up torque

1/8” 2 8cm ------

3/16” 2 10cm ------

1/4” 2 12cm 15 Ft-lb

5/16” 2 13cm 30 Ft-lb

3/8” 2 17cm 45 Ft-lb

7/16” 2 18cm 65 Ft-lb

½ ” 3 29cm 65 Ft-lb

9/16” 3 30cm 95 Ft-lb

5/8” 3 30cm 95 Ft-lb

¾ ” 4 46cm 130 Ft-lb

7/8” 4 48cm 225 Ft-lb

1” 5 66cm 225 Ft-lb

Recommended cut off length:-

Mast ht→¨Drum Dia(inch) 11 - 13 - 14 - 16 - 18 - 20 - 22 - 24 - 26 - 28

66 (ft) 11.0 12 (12½) (11½)

87 (ft) 18.2 16.2 16 16.5 (17½) (14½) (12½) (11½)

94/97/ 20.2 19.6 18.5 18 18.4 18.4 18.2 19.7 19

100 (ft) 19½ 17½ 14½ 12½ 11½ 10½ 9½ 9½ 8½

Evaluation of casing line workRound trip operations:-R/I of the string in the hole and pulling the string out the hole at the depth L Tm= 0.98[pL(L+l)+4L(P+d/2)]10-6

Where

Tm= Amount of work (103daN-Km)L= depth of hole (Mt)l= Length of stringd= effective wt of dc assbly in fluid – effective wt of same length of dp in fluid(kg) p= effective wt per mt of string in fluid P= total wt of T/block & E/Assbly(kg)

Work Over RigIt Is A Drawing Lifting Machine To Carry Out Different Production Activities At The Active Well/ Ceased Well/ Injection Well/ New Well In Oil Field.

Rig Selection

• Rig Selection Is One Of Picking A Rig Capable Of Doing The Particular Work Over Or Service Job For The Lowest Over All Cost. It Depends Upon The Following Points .1. Death Or Load Capacity . 2. Braking Capacity3.Derrick Capacity .4. Draw Work Is Capacity.5. Operational Efficiency. Depth Or Load Capacity

• Rig Capacity Is Commonly Depended Upon The Depth Or The Well And Rating With A Particular Size Off Tubing Usually 27/8” Tubing .Braking Capacity

• It Is Also Depended Upon The Depth Of The Well. Braking Capacity Is A Prime Consideration In Rig Selection. The Energy Is Developed In Lowering Pipe The Well. The Energy Converted To Heat By The Braking System, Must Be Effectively Dissipated Braking Effort Is A Function Of The Area Of Friction Blocks Forced Against The Rim Thus Effective Brake Area Is An Important Factor For selection Of Rig. Lowering A 50,000 Lbs Tubing String In The Well At The Rate Of One Double In 10 Seconds Develops About 545 Hp Or 4000 BTU Of Heat.Derrick Capacity

• Two Types Of Masts Are Used In Work Over Rigs. Both Signal And Double Pole Masts Are Used with double pole type it is Possible To Install A Rocking Board. And Hang Sucker Rods Where As With Signal Pole Type, Rods And tubing Must Be Laid Down. The Double Pole Is More Popular. Draw Works Hp

• Draw Works Horse Power Determines The Speed At Which Pipe Can Be Pulled From The Well. Loaded Hook Speed Must Be Compromised With The Cost And Weight Of The Engine, Transmission, And Draw Works Required To Develop The Power And Translate That Power Into Line Pull And Line Speed. Rig Designers Must Balance Engine Horse Power, Gear Ratio Etc. To Produce A Workable Rig, Normally An Empty Block Should Run About 5 To 7 Ft/Sec. Signal Line Pull Should Be About – 35000 LBS With A 1,40,000 LBS Hook Load Capacity Mast Having Four Lines Strung To The Traveling Block. A Fully Loaded Block Should Run About 1 Ft/ Sec. Operational Efficiency

• Operational Efficiency Is Speed Per Unit Of Over All Cost With Which The Required Operations Can Be Performed. Personnel Capability, Training & Motivation Are Primary Factors Affecting, “Operational Efficiency” In Addition To The Design And Application Of The Mechanical Equipment. Proper Choice Of Accessories Maximizes Operational Efficiency.Rig’s Items:-• Rig Carrier.• Power Pack.

• Draw Works.• Mast.• Sub. Structure.• Crown- Block.• Traveling Block.• Rotary Table.• Swivel.• Kelly.• Safety System.• Pneumatic System.• Hydraulic System.• Rig Instruments.• Mast Anchoring System.]• Fluide Circulating System.

Other Accessories• Brine Tank.• Water Tank• Main Drum Cooling Tank.• Drilling Tank.• Trip Tank.• Mud Pump With Power Pack• Kill Line With Kill Manifold.• Choke Line With Choke Manifold• Cat Walk• Pipe Ramp.• Pipe Racks.• Bop• Accumulator• Gen Set Generator Set.• Electrical Pan

16. POL Store17. Store18. Fire Fighting Equipments.19. Handling Equipments.• Elevator• Rotary Slip• Spider (Pneumatic)• Quick Shut Off Valve.• Hydraulic Tong.

• Manual Rotary Tongs.• Mud Motor.• Casing Scraper.• Come Along

• Elevator• Rotary Slip• Spider (Pneumatic)• Quick Shut Off Valve.• Hydraulic Tong.• Manual Rotary Tongs.• Mud Motor.• Casing Scraper.• Come AlongIt Is A Frame Of Welded Alloy Steel With A One Man Cab . It Is Equipped With Different Types Of Axles . It Is Self Propelled Unit . Power Pack Is Mounted On It And Transsmission Is Equipped With Drop Box For Drive To Rear Wheel Or Drawworks . Power Pack : -

• It Is A Die Seal Engine Which Is The Main Source Of Power To Carry Out Different Types Of Operations At The Rig. It Provides Power For Roading. Hoisting And Rotary Operations . Power Drive Is Though Forque Converter / Transmission Has An Automatic Back Op For Maximum Efficiency. Draw Works:-It Is Lifting / Lowering Unit With The Help Of Rotary Motion. It Has Two Drum.• Main Drum.

• Sand Drum.Main Function Of Draw Works Is R/I Or P/O Of The String From The Well. There Is Lebus Grooving On Long Main Drum Barrel For Placing Of Casing Line. Main Drum Brakes Are Circulating Water Coded With Full Wrap. Single Point Adjusted Fully Equalized Brake Bands To Deliver Extra Self Energizing Effort. An Assist Brake Is Provided To Handle The Lowering Speed Of The String Saftey.Mast:-It Is A Structural Pole Which Carries The Hook Loads Of The String During Operations.Two Types Of Mast Are Used In Work Over Rig.

• Single Pole Most.

• Double Post Mast.Tubing, Roads And Laid Down The Around Mast Is Specified By Height And Load Bearing Capicity.

Sub Structure:-It Is A Structural Base Which Carries Rotary Table With Hook Load And Set Back Load Of The String And Provides On Area For Easy Operation And Racking String And Rods Over The Well Head.

It Is Specified By 1) Total Loading Bearing Capacity I.E. Hook Load+ Set Back Load.2) Rotary Clearence Height. Crown Block:-It Is A Part Of Tracking/Hoisting System In The Rig. It Consist Of Different Types Of Pulleys. Place Are Top Of The Mast For Hoisting The String. One Sets Pulleys Are Used For Main Drum And One Pulley Is Used For Sand Drum Only.Traveling Block:-

• It Is Also A Part Of Hoisting System In The Rig. It Consist Of Series Of Pulleys And Kook To Accommodate The Elevator Assembly For Tacking Hook Load Of The String.Rotary Table:-It Is A Table Where The String Load Is Resting During Operation. Main Function Of Table To 1) Taking Hook Load Of String.2) Supply Rotary Motion To String During Drilling, Milling, Fishing.It Is Specified By

• Maximum Opening Space.

• Maximum Hook Load At Rpm.

• Centre Distance From Flange To Table Opening Centre.

Swivel:-It Is An Essential Equipment Which Helps To Inter Connect The Circulation, Rotary Drilling Hose And Kelly.It Is Specified By –• Depth Range.• Dead Load.• Fluid Passage Diameter.• Bail Diameter On Eyes.• Bail Diameter At Hook Bend.• Radius Of Bail At Hook Bend.• Hook Clearance.• Goose Neck Thread.• Working Pressure.

Kelly : -

• It Is A Heavy Duty Square Hexagonal Pipe Used For Supplying Rotary Motion And Liner Motion To The String During Drilling/ Milling / Fishing Operations.

• It Is Specified By .

• Type Of Cross Section

• Load Bearing Capacity .

• Length Of Liner Movement

• Upper And Lower Connection Pneumatic System

• It Is The Rig S Air System In Which The Air Is Supplied To Control The Controlling Panel Of The Operations. Hydraulic System

• It Is The Rig Hydraulic Line In Which The Different Equipment Are Operated With The Help Of Rig S Hydraulic System.

Rig Safety Equipments :

• It Is The Equipments Provided By The Manufacturer To Carry Different Operations Safety . The Equipments Are : - 1. Emergency Shut Of Engine Rig Saver . 2. Crown-O-Metic And Floor-O-Metic Device 3. Hydrometic Brake . 4. Safety Relief Valves . Hydraulic And Pneumatic 5. High Temperature And Low Line Oil Pressure Cut Off Switch. Rig Instruments : -It Is The Equipment Provided By Manufacture To Control And Display All The System While On Operation For Protecting The Life Of The Rig And Safe Operation . The Equipments Are : -

• Engine Instrument Panel Taco Meter , Water Temperature Meter/Oil Pressure Meter Etc : -

• Transmission Panel

• Working Panel , Air System .

• Drill-O-Meter .

• Mud Pressure Gauge Pump

• Mud Pressure Gauge For Stand Pipe .

• Rotary Torque Indicator For Rotary Table.

• R P M Of Rotary Table .

• Single Line Pull Indicator .

• SPM Counter Of Pump .

• Flow Meter .

• Casing Line Ton Mile Indicator .

• Pressure Gauges

B . O . P :-

• It Is Safety Equipment, When Primary Well Control Has Been Lost , It Become Necessary To Seal The Well To Prevent And Uncontrolled Flow Of Formation Fluid From Annulus Space Of The Casing And String. It Is Specified By .

• 1. Maximum Opening Space .Flange Die Of The BOP.

• 2. Maximum Bottom Hole Pressure Can With Stand .

• 3. Different Type Of Rams .

• 4. Hook Load Can Hang On The Rams .

B O P Control System : -

• A B O P Control System Is A High Pressure Hydraulic Power Unit Fitted With Directional Control Valves To Safety Control Kicks And Prevent Blow Outs During Work Over Operations .

Accumulator Unit Assembly:-

• The Primary Function Of The Accumulator Unit Is To Provide The Hydraulic Fluid Supply The Pump And Storage Of The High Pressure Operating Fluid For Control Of The B O P Stack. It Includes Accumulators , Reservoir , Accumulator Piping. Diesel Engine Operated Pump And Hydraulic Control Manifold .Accumulators :-

• Accumulators Are Pressure Vessel For Storage Of High Pressure Fluid . These Accumulators Are Available In A Variety Of Sizes, Types Capacity And Pressure Ratings. There Are Two Basic Types Of Cylinder Available.

• 1.Top Loading Cylinder .

• 2. Bottom Loading Cylinder. Top Loading Cylinder :-

• The Bladder Can Be Removed From The Top Pf The Cylinder .Accumulator Piping :-

• This Piping Connect The High Pressure Discharge Lines Of The Pump To The Accumulators And The Hydraulic Manifold. It Is Comprised Of 1’’/ Schedule 80 Pipe , Isolator Valves And A 3500 Psi Relief Valve To Protect The Accumulators From Being Over – Pressured. Hydraulic Control Manifold :-

• The Hydraulic Control Manifold Consist Of Hydraulic Regulators And Directional Control Valves To Direct The Flow Of High Pressure Operating Fluid To Control The B O P Stack Two Regulators Are Usually Provided, One For The Annular Preventor And Other For The Remainder Of The B O P Stack Functions ,We Manifold Regulator . The Regulator Reduce The 3000 Psi Accumulator Pressure To 1500 Psi The Directional Control Valves Are 1” Size . The Manifold Also Contains Gauges For Monitoring The Control System Operating Pressure . Our 3500 Psi Relief Valve Is There To Relief Excess Pressure.