WORK AND WORK AND MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

ResponsibilityResponsibility

(Employers vs. Employees)(Employers vs. Employees)

What I need What I need

is someone is someone

who will make me dowho will make me do

What I canWhat I can

(Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)(Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)

American philosopher and poet)American philosopher and poet)

FACTORS THAT AFFECT WORK FACTORS THAT AFFECT WORK MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

individual differencesindividual differences

job characteristicsjob characteristics

organisational practisesorganisational practises

STRATEGIES FOR RAISING JOB SATISFACTION ANDSTRATEGIES FOR RAISING JOB SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL) QUALITY OF WORK LIFE (QWL)

improving work conditions and securityimproving work conditions and security increasing the worker’s responsibilityincreasing the worker’s responsibility providing financial stabilityproviding financial stability enhancing the worker’s sense of self- worthenhancing the worker’s sense of self- worth providing opportunities for social providing opportunities for social

relationships within the organisationrelationships within the organisation

Good motivationGood motivationresults inresults in

more productive environmentmore productive environment

higher competitivenesshigher competitiveness

higher profitabilityhigher profitability

EmployeesEmployees

like worklike work

oror

have to be forcedhave to be forced

Managers motivateManagers motivate good remuneration:good remuneration: (salary, commission, bonuses, perks)(salary, commission, bonuses, perks) sick pay / pensionsick pay / pension good working relationsgood working relations good working conditionsgood working conditions job security / job safetyjob security / job safety promotionpromotion challenging jobchallenging job responsibilityresponsibility contact with peoplecontact with people opportunities to travelopportunities to travel long holidays / vacationslong holidays / vacations

MK: p: 15 – Discussion – Which statements do you agree with?MK: p: 15 – Discussion – Which statements do you agree with?

Motivation theoriesMotivation theories

1.1. Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs”Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs”

2.2. Douglas McGregor: Theory X / Theory YDouglas McGregor: Theory X / Theory Y

3.3. Frederick Herzberg: The motivation to WorkFrederick Herzberg: The motivation to Work

a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers”a) “hygiene factors” / “satisfiers”

b) “ motivators”b) “ motivators”

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

2. McGregor’s Theory X and 2. McGregor’s Theory X and Theory YTheory Y

a) a) Theory XTheory X - traditional approach - traditional approach - people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition- people are lazy/dislike work/lack ambition - motivated only by money- motivated only by money - they have to be threatened- they have to be threatened and rewarded/need discipline, controland rewarded/need discipline, control - most people are incapable - most people are incapable of taking responsibility of taking responsibility - managers are authoritarian - managers are authoritarian (direct everything, from the top down)(direct everything, from the top down)

2. 2. Theory YTheory Y - more progressive - more progressive - workers are motivated by - workers are motivated by many needs, they like work many needs, they like work - people can take responsibility- people can take responsibility (prefer to participate in decision-(prefer to participate in decision- making, like autonomy)making, like autonomy) - managers should trust - managers should trust workers and help them doworkers and help them do their best, team-oriented, organise their best, team-oriented, organise communication channels and listen to communication channels and listen to their subordinates’ opinionstheir subordinates’ opinions

3. Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors3. Herzberg’s Hygiene Factors

Needs of workers: Needs of workers:

a) a) SatisfiersSatisfiers ( (hygiene factors/hygiene factors/

to keep workers contented:to keep workers contented: - clean, quiet and safe working conditions- clean, quiet and safe working conditions - adequate rest breaks- adequate rest breaks - good labour relations- good labour relations - good wages and benefits- good wages and benefits - job security- job security

b) Motivatorsb) Motivators (encourage to do their best)(encourage to do their best)

- praise from managers- praise from managers - career advancement- career advancement - more responsibility- more responsibility

(If the hygiene factors are poor then the motivating (If the hygiene factors are poor then the motivating factors won’t work)factors won’t work)

Is it true or false?Is it true or false?

1.Theory X and Theory Y are theories of leadership. 1.Theory X and Theory Y are theories of leadership. True/FalseTrue/False

2.Theory X is more traditional description of management. 2.Theory X is more traditional description of management. True/FalseTrue/False

3.Theory Y - managers tell workers what they want 3.Theory Y - managers tell workers what they want True/FalseTrue/False

44. Theory X - managers are authoritarian. . Theory X - managers are authoritarian. True/FalseTrue/False

55. . Theory Y - workers are lazy and don’t wantTheory Y - workers are lazy and don’t want to work. to work. True/FalseTrue/False

6. For Theory X workers6. For Theory X workers, , work is naturalwork is natural.. True/FalseTrue/False

77. . Theory Y working relationships are open, communicative and creative. Theory Y working relationships are open, communicative and creative. T/FT/F

MK: p: 17 – Comprehension – True or false?MK: p: 17 – Comprehension – True or false?

18 - Vocabulary18 - Vocabulary

Complete the three definitions of motivationComplete the three definitions of motivationbehaves, drives, effort, outcomes, reach, willingnessbehaves, drives, effort, outcomes, reach, willingness

Motivation is what ______________ us to try to Motivation is what ______________ us to try to ____________ certain goals.____________ certain goals.

Motivation is a decision-making process through Motivation is a decision-making process through which a person chooses desired ____________ which a person chooses desired ____________ and _________in ways that will lead to acquiring and _________in ways that will lead to acquiring them.them.

Motivation is the _____________to make the Motivation is the _____________to make the __________ to achieve certain goals.__________ to achieve certain goals.

Read the following text and answer the questions:Read the following text and answer the questions:

1.1. What are extrinsic rewards?What are extrinsic rewards?

2.2. What are intrinsic rewards related to?What are intrinsic rewards related to?

3.3. What are the four intrinsic rewards?What are the four intrinsic rewards?

4.4. What is the sense of meaningfulness and What is the sense of meaningfulness and why is it important?why is it important?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Uf7C7rr1O8

What motivates staff to perform better in work?What motivates staff to perform better in work?

1.1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.6. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

7.7. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________