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1. pin n. [C] a short thin piece of metal with a round head at one end and a sharp point at the other (大頭 ) 針

The tailor kept pieces of cloth in place with pins as he sewed them together.

詞類變化

pin vt. ( 用針等 ) 把…釘住

The teacher pinned a notice to the board announcing an English speech contest.

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2. colleague n. [C] a person with whom one works, especially in a profession 同事

Mr. Wang is a colleague of my father's at the bank. They both work in the same department.

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3. referee n. [C] a person who is asked to settle a disagreement; a person who is in charge of a game and makes sure that the rules are followed 仲裁者； ( 運動競賽中的 ) 裁判

The referee blew his whistle, and the volleyball game started.

　詞類變化

* in charge of 負責

referee vt.;vi. 仲裁；當裁判

The students asked their teacher to referee their basketball game.

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4. physicsn. [U] the scientific study of natural forces such as heat, light, sound, pressure, and electricity, etc. 　物理學

According to today's physics, nothing can travel faster than light.

* according to + N 根據

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5. score n. [C] the number of points that a student has earned for correct answers in a test, or that a team or a player has won in a game or competition (考試的 ) 分數； (比賽的 ) 得分Kevin did so well in the speech contest that the teachers gave him a perfect score.

　 詞類變化

score vt.;vi. 得 ( 分 )

Grace scored 19 out of 20 in the writing contest. She had the highest score in our class.

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6. instructor n. [C] someone who teaches a subject in a c

ollege or university 　 (大學的 ) 講師，教師

The philosophy instructor spends many hours each day on lesson preparation. 　

詞類變化

* 人 spend 時間 on N.in Ving.

instruct vt. 教導，講授，指導

Brian works at the community center, instructing people in diving.

instruction n. [U]教學，講授，指導

My father is watching a video which provides basic instruction in cooking.

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7. submit vt. [U] to present something for a decision to be made by someone else 提交，呈遞

The instructor asked Tim to write a

short story and submit it to her within a week.

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8. impartial adj. fair; not giving more support or favor to any person or group than another公正的，不偏不倚的

The two companies need an impartial judge to settle their argument in the court case.

詞類變化

partial adj. 不公正的，偏袒的

The mother was partial to her youngest boy. She never punished him for his mischief.

* be partial to 對…偏心

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9. credit n. [U] [C] official certification or recognition that a student has successfully completed a course of study; a unit of study at a college or university (大學的 ) 學分

Allen received full credit for his studies at a college. 　

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10. certify vt. [U] [C] to state officially, usually in writing, that something is true or correct (以文書 ) 證明，證實

The bank manager's signature certified that the financial statement was true and correct.

　詞類變化

certificate n. [C]證書；文憑；執照

If people want to teach in public schools, they must have a teaching certificate.

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11. competence n.[U] the ability or skill to do what is needed 能力；技能

Mr. White has practiced law for fifty years, and no one questions his competence as a lawyer.

詞類變化* practice law practice medicine

competent adj. 有能力的，能勝任的

The manager is perfectly competent, but he lacks motivation.

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12. confirm vt. to show that something is true or correct, especially by providing proof 證實

New evidence has confirmed police suspicion that the man didn't tell the truth.

詞類變化* tell the truth 說實話

confirmation n. [U] [C] 證實

The reporter cannot release the news since there has been no official confirmation of it.

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13. demonstrate vt. to show that one has a particular skill or quality; to show or prove something clearly by reasoning or giving examples 顯示，表露；論證，證明

A successful salesperson must demonstrate a high level of self-motivation.

詞類變化

demonstration n. [C] 論證，證明

The severe water shortage in 2002 was a clear demonstration of the need for better management of this natural resource.

* natural resource 天然資源

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14. formula n. [C] a general rule or law expressed in a set of letters, numbers, or symbols, etc.公式

The professor developed a new mathematical formula and was awarded the Nobel Prize.

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15. calculate vt. to find out something by adding, multiplying, subtracting or dividing numbers 計算It took them three hours to calculate the cost of their vacation to Japan.

詞類變化* It + takes + 人 + 時間 + to V. (某人 )花了 ~ …時間去做 .

calculation n.[U] [C] 計算 ( 結果 )

The damage caused by the severe earthquake is beyond calculation.

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16. concede vi. to admit that one is not going to win an argument, a game, or a battle

讓步；認輸

The president refused to concede even in the face of terrorist attacks.

* in the face of 面對

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17. maximum adj. being the largest number or amount of something that is allowed

最高的，最大 (量 ) 的

People won't succeed without their maximum effort.

詞類變化

maximum n. [C] (usu. sing.) 最高值，最大值

The temperature reached a maximum of 39 °C this summer.

1. barometer n. [C] an instrument that measures changes in the air pressure and weather 氣壓計

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2. stopwatch n. [C] (the ~) a watch with buttons which one presses at the beginning and the end of an event in order to measure how long it takes馬錶

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1. dash offto write something quickly 快速地寫，倉促地寫

He dashed off a note to his parents

before leaving.

Idioms and Phrases