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WoodWorks

• Archie Landreman, CSI

Design and Proper Use of Engineered Wood

Beams

Copyright Materials

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distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

© The Wood Products Council 2012

“The Wood Products Council” is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Objectives

Acquire working knowledge of Engineered Wood Beams

Differentiate Engineered Wood Beams Based on availability, cost, and strength

Evaluate the use of Engineered Wood Beams for a variety of applications

Identify how Engineered Wood Beams are commonly used based on project examples

What is an Engineered Wood Product?

Any wood-based building material that has been improved physically by a manufacturing process.

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Engineered Wood Products

Designed by optimally orienting wood strands, veneers or laminations

Using structural durable adhesives Forming larger composite products With engineered properties manufactured to maximize wood’s natural and strength characteristics

Engineered Wood Products

Environmentally Friendly

LVL-Laminated Veneer Lumber LSL-Laminated Strand Lumber PSL-Parallel Strand Lumber

Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Veneers bonded together Beams, headers, rafters &

scaffold planking Common thicknesses: ¾” to 3-1/2”

All grain parallel to length

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Laminated Veneer Lumber = LVL

• Readily and widely available • Variety of stress classes available to suit specific designs • Competitively priced • Strength achieved not by densification, but by grading and

optimum layup of veneers • To reduce handling of heavy beams, LVL can be site built into

wider beams by nailing or bolting • Dimensionally stable, water repellent sealers available to

extend exposure performance • Typical applications: beams, headers, columns, joists, studs,

ridge beams, truss chords, scaffold planking, and I-joist flanges

LVL Beams in I-Joist Floor Systems

LVL Floor Beam Side Loaded Side Loaded LVL

Timberstrand LSL

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Solid Start LSL Laminated Strand Lumber = LSL

• Permits use of smaller, variable quality logs • Higher shear strength than LVL & PSL • Allows holes 2x larger than LVL or PSL • Typically less expensive than LVL & PSL • Can be the best value, if structural demands are met • Excellent fastener holding strength • Species include aspen, yellow poplar • Commonly used for headers, beams, columns,

studs, stair stringers, door & window parts

Parallam® PSL introduced 1988

PSL means: Parallel

Strand Lumber Parallam® is a registered

trademark brand name of iLevel.

Parallam® Exterior Solutions

Parallel Strand Lumber = PSL

•Stronger & stiffer than LSL •Generally more $ than LVL, LSL, or Glulam •Allows higher fiber utilization than LVL •Readily treated with preservatives •Easily bolted •Used for columns, header, beams, trusses. •For interior apps-can be finished & left exposed

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WOOD SOLUTIONS FAIR December 7, 2011

Today’s Glulam – Important Considerations for Design and Construction Professionals Tom Williamson, P.E.

Consulting Engineer Retired Vice President, APA Past Executive VP, AITC

What is Glulam?

Glulam = a structural composite of lumber and adhesives

Glulam

Wood laminations bonded together

Wood grain runs parallel to the length

Typical Widths: 2-1/2" to 10-3/4"

Laminations: 1-3/8" for Southern Pine 1-1/2" for Douglas Fir

Dispersal of Strength Reducing Characteristics

Single Lamination

Glued Laminated Timber

Glulam – One of the Original Glued Engineered Wood Composites

Introduced in the U.S. in 1933 Over 115 years

of use worldwide

1933 – First Glulam in the U.S.A. Madison, WI

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Spans of 100 feet or greater Oceans Exhibit – Indianapolis Zoo

10-3/4” x 72” 115 ft. clear span

Unmatched Versatility of Shapes and Spans Glulam Lay-Ups

302-24 T.L. No. 1 No. 2

No. 2 No. 1

302-24 T.L.

No. 3

Balanced

No. 2D No. 2 No. 2

No. 2 No. 1

302-24 T.L.

No. 3

Unbalanced

Tension Zone Inner Zone Tension Zone

Compression Zone Inner Zone Tension Zone

Member Type

Column

Simple span beam

Truss member

Cantilever span beam

E-Rated Southern Pine Layup 30F – 2.1E Stress Grade

2.3E

No. 1D No. 2D

No. 2D No. 1D

2.3E

No. 2M Limited to nominal 6 inch width or less

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SYP 2.1 E LVL Hybrid Glulam with LVL Outer Laminations

Full length with no finger joints required

LVL has greater tensile strength compared to lumber

30F-2.1E stress level achieved

Direct substitute for many SCL products

LVL Laminations

FRP Reinforced Glulam

Fiberglass Carbon Kevlar Other

Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP)

Thin Layer of FRP

Western Washington University

Small Gym 12-1/4” x 70” x 78 ft. 10-3/4” x 57” x 78 ft.

Natatorium 12-1/4” x 81” x 91 ft. 10-3/4” x 64-1/2” x 91 ft.

Western Washington University

Main Gym 14-1/4” x 90” x 106 ft. 10-3/4” x 75” x 106 ft.

Cost savings for the FRP glulam beams was $22,000

Product Basics Large Cross Sections Are Possible

21” x 27” x 110’ Note multiple pieces positioned side by side

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A City of Trees (Library) Beaverton, OR

Chicago Bears Football Practice Facility

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Note the “TOP” Stamp for Unbalanced Layup

Unbalanced Layups “Upside Down” Bending Stresses

Based on full-size beam tests conducted at APA, the “upside down” bending stress is 75% of the normal bending capacity

Specifying Camber

Glulam can be manufactured with camber to offset the anticipated dead load deflection Very important for long span members

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Beam Orientation and Sizes

• Horizontal or load perpendicular to face

• Typical beam depths

• 9” – 30”

• Typical beam widths

• 3-1/8” and 3-1/2”

• 5-1/8” and 5-1/2”

• 6-3/4”

Stock Glulam Sizes

width

depth

• Lengths are available as needed from distribution yards

• Typical IJC beam depths

• 9-1/2”, 11-7/8”

• 14” and 16”

• Widths for IJC beams match 2x4 and 2x6 framing

Stock Glulam IJC Sizes

Question and answers

82

Naturally Durable Species

Port Orford Cedar 22F-1.8E Alaska Yellow Cedar 20F-1.5E Western Red Cedar 16F-1.3E California Redwood 16F-1.1E

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Alaska Yellow Cedar (AYC) Santa Monica, CA Reservoir Cover

Preservative Treatment of Glulam

Untreated glulam in pressure cylinder ready for treatment

Preservative forced into wood cells under pressure

See APA Technical Note S580

Characteristics of Glulam in Fire

Wood is an excellent heat insulator

Develops a char layer after fire exposure

Self-extinguishing after fire source removed

Retains significant residual strength after being exposed to fire

10-3/4 x 16-1/2

Glulam: Char

Glulam: Fire Resistance

Fire Protection

Tension Lam Provisions

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Chemical Storage Facility Portland, OR

Twin Rink Ice Arena Anaheim, CA.

2010 Olympic Skating Oval Richmond, B.C.

Cathedral of Light – Oakland, CA

Toronto Ontario Art Gallery

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Glulam Truss Bridge in Hiroshima Japan

Total length = 650 ft. Main central span = 275 ft. Tower height = 155 ft. Truss depth = 10 ft.

Stress Classes Combined for Simplicity

Selecting and Sizing Floor Beam Assumptions Dry Use Uniform Load Only – No Point Loads Beam Weight Included Most Restrictive of Simple or Multiple Span Conditions Live Load = 80% of Total Load Load Duration Factor = 1.00 Live Load Deflection = L/360 Total Load Deflection = L/240 Adequate Bearing Area Provided Continuous Lateral Bracing Along Top and Bottom Chords

and at Top and Bottom at Ends of Beam

Beam Comparisons-Floor Beam A Beam Type

MOE (psi)

Fb (psi)

Span (ft)

Width (in)

Depth (in)

Total Load (plf)

Actual Cap. (plf)

Pass Horiz. Shear (psi)

LSL 1.55 2325 8 3.5 9.5 1200 1292 310

LSL 1.75 2500 “ “ “ “ 1406 410

LVL 1.5 2250 “ “ “ “ 1150 No 220

LVL 1.9 2600 “ “ “ “ 1462 285

LVL 2.0 2900 “ “ “ “ 1493 285

LVL 2.0 3100 “ “ “ “ 1493 285

PSL 2.0 2900 “ “ “ “ 1517 290

GL SP 2.1 3000 “ “ “ “ 1645 300

GL DF 1.8 2400 “ “ 9.0 “ 1174 No 265

GL DF 1.8 2400 “ “ 10.5 “ 1599

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: LSL 1.55E 2325fb Actual Capacity: 1292# Note: 310fv

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Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: LSL 1.75E 2500fb Actual Capacity: 1406# Note: 410fv

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: LVL 1.5E 2250fb Actual Capacity: 1150# Fails Note: 220fv

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: LVL 1.9E 2600fb Actual Capacity: 1462# Note: 285fv

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: LVL 2.0E 2900fb Actual Capacity: 1493# Note: 285fv

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: LVL 2.0E 3100fb Actual Capacity: 1493# Note: 285fv

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.0” Beam Type: DF Glulam 1.8E 2400fb Actual Capacity: 1174# Fails Note: 265fv Note: 3.5”x10.5” Supports 1599#

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Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: PSL 2.0E 2900fb Actual Capacity: 1517# Note: 290fv

Floor Beam 8-0-0

Span in Feet: 8-0-0 Total Load: 1200# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 9.5” Beam Type: SYP Glulam 2.1E 3000fb Actual Capacity: 1645# Note: 300fv

Beam Comparisons-Floor Beam C Beam Type

MOE (psi)

Fb (psi)

Span (ft)

Width (in)

Depth (in)

Total Load (plf)

Actual Cap. (plf)

Pass Horiz. Shear (psi)

LSL 1.55 2325 20 3.5 14 300 312 310

LVL 1.5 2250 “ “ “ “ 321 220

LSL 1.75 2500 “ “ “ “ 352 410

LVL 1.7 2400 “ “ “ “ 362 285

LVL 1.9 2600 “ “ “ “ 387 285

LVL 2.0 2900 “ “ “ “ 432 285

LVL 2.0 3100 “ “ “ “ ---- ----

PSL 2.0 2900 “ “ “ “ 407 290

GL DF 2.1 3000 “ “ “ “ 455 300

GL DF 1.8 2400 “ “ 13.5 “ 288 No 265

GL DF 1.8 2400 “ “ 15 “ 397

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: LSL 1.55E 2325fb Actual Capacity: 312# Note: 310fv

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: LVL 1.5E 2250fb Actual Capacity: 321# Note: 220fv

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: LSL 1.75E 2500fb Actual Capacity: 352# Note: 410fv

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Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: LVL 1.7E 2400fb Actual Capacity: 362# Note: 285fv

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: LVL 1.9E 2600fb Actual Capacity: 387# Note: 285fv

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: LVL 2.0E 2900fb Actual Capacity: 432# Note: 285fv

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 13.5” Beam Type: DF Glulam 1.8E 2400fb Actual Capacity: 288# Fails Note: 265fv Use 3.5” x 15” = 397# T.L.

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: PSL 2.0E 2900fb Actual Capacity: 407# Note: 290fv

Floor Beam 20-0-0

Span in Feet: 20-0-0 Total Load: 300# Beam Width: 3.5” Beam Depth: 14” Beam Type: DF Glulam 2.1E 3000fb Actual Capacity: 455# Note: 300fv

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LVL Conclusions

Ability to Nail in Place Most Commonly Available Engineered Wood

Beam Various Grades Available in Wide Widths (Verify) Competitive Pricing Available as Studs and Columns

LSL Conclusions

Best for Short Spans Large Holes Capability One Piece Solution Headers in Walls Available as Columns and Studs Tall Wall Applications

PSL Conclusions

High Strength Available in Wide Widths Can be Treated Can be Used in Timber Type Trusses Can be Exposed and Stained/Painted Available as Columns

Glulam Conclusions

Architectural Grades Available High Strength Hybrid Beams Widest Widths Available Can be Cambered and Curved Some Beams are Individually Wrapped Deepest Depths Available Cost Competitive with SCL Available in DF, SYP, Cedar and Others Can be Treated

Glulam Design References

AITC “Timber Construction Manual”

McGraw-Hill “APA Engineered Wood Construction Guide”

McGraw-Hill “Wood Engineering and Construction Handbook”

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Questions? • This concludes The American

Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Archie Landreman, CSI WoodWorks archie@woodworks.org

Thank You

Archie Landreman, CSI archie@woodworks.org

262-497-5550 www.woodworks.org