Woodworking workbenches.pdf

8/9/2019 Woodworking workbenches.pdf

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/woodworking-workbenchespdf 1/89

[ lrn Jbfgo

H `bsekf clr olièfk tob wlrn

jy Phkb Cre`

Pobrb hrb dhfy wlrnjbfgobs hvheihjib lf tob dhrnbttl`hy. Hse`b crld ljvelus rbhslfs lc bglfldegs, woy dhnbdy jbfgo< E ghf glfvefgb dy stu`bfts hf dysbic bhseiy bfluko, jut tl glfvefgb ylu E solui` bxpihef tob jbfbcets lc toes `bsekf hf` olw E hrrevb` ht tobsb spbgecegs.

[obf E ghdb tl toes gluftry ef 850? E whs kevbf h tlur lc tob sgolli wobrb E whs tl tbhgo. E whs kue`b` tl h ihrkb rlldhf` eftrlùgb` tl tob tbhgobr weto wold E whs tl wlrn. [bthinb` clr h woeib, lr rhtobr ob è` tob thinefk jbghusb dy vl-ghjuihry è`f't kl dugo jbylf` ybs hf` fl. Jy usefk hrdshf` ibks E cefhiiy glfvbyb` tl oed toht E whftb` tl sbb tob

wll`solp. [obf E whs tli` E whs sthfèfk ef et E aust hjlutphssb` lut. Ef tob rlld whs h oukb toegnfbss pihfbr E toefnGliudjus' chtobr dust ohvb jrlukot lvbr, hf` h cbw sdhiiplwbr tllis. E whs rbhiiy cihjjbrkhstb` wobf E shw tob stu`bft"wlrnjbfgobs." Pobsb wbrb ihrkb thjibs clr twl pbrslfs wetoh vesb ef bhgo bf`. Dlst lc tob tedb tob stu`bfts wbrb olièfk`lwf tober wlrn weto lfb ohf` hf` wlrnefk weto tob ltobr.Wldb oh` thnbf dugo tedb tl dhnb spbgehi glftrhptelfs tloli` tober wlrn sl toby glui` usb jlto ohf`s, woego E'd surb

whs tob Ilr`'s eftbftelf wobf ob `bsekfb` us weto twl. (Lc

glursb tob Ahphfbsb usb tober cbbt tl sbgurb tober wlrn, ibhvefkjlto ohf`s crbb.)

Hctbr jbefk ef sgolli clr h cbw dlftos E rbhiezb` toht tobjbfgo E whftb` è` flt, tl dy nflwib`kb, bxest ef toes gluf-try. Wl E `bsekfb` dy cerst wlrnjbfgo, woego whs quetb sedeihrtl tob lfb E whs thukot lf. Ihtbr wb dh`b lfb clr bhgo stu-`bft. Wefgb tobf wb ohvb jbbf dhnefk wlrnjbfgobs bvbry twl lr torbb ybhrs sl toht tob stu`bfts ohvb tober lwf wobftoby krhùhtb. E cef` et h kll` bxbrgesb ef woego toby ibhrf

olw tl sbt up tob dhgoefbs clr dhss prlùgtelf hf` wlkbtobr hs h prlùgtelf tbhd. Et thnbs us torbb `hys crld riudjbr tl ohvb hii tob phrts rbh`y tl cet hf` hssbdjib, hohvb tob jbfgo tlp kiub` up. Poes ybhr bhgo jbfgo glhjlut $8==, ohic clr wll` hf` ohic clr ohr`whrb.

Lvbr tob ybhrs, ohvefk dh`b tob jbfgo sl dhfy tedbohvefk oh` fudbrlus pblpib usefk hf` gretegezefk tob

ohvb hrrevb` ht toes `bsekf hf` tobsb èdbfselfs hs jbst sclr h ghjefbtdhnbr. [eto ets twl vesbs hf` hggbsslrygihdps tobrb hrb cevb plssejeietebs clr olièfk tob wlrn‐ef tob rekot vesb, lfb ef tob ibct vesb, lfb jbtwbbf tob j`lks hf` lfb jbtwbbf tob se`b gihdps. Jlto vesbs hrb tob

weto lfiy lfb sgrbw hf` fl kue`b pefs tl eftbrcbrb wet wlrn. H pebgb ghf jb gihdpb` hii tob why tl tob cillr ecbsshry, hf` tob vesb ghf oli` errbkuihriy sohpb` ljabgts. lfiy sex jlits, tob jbfgo es bhsy tl hssbdjib hf` èshssbdhf` thnbs defedud stlrhkb sphgb. Pob lfiy kiub` phrttob jbfgo tlp, tob rekot vesb hf` tob ibk sbgtelfs. Bvbrybisb jlits tlkbtobr sl toht hfy `hdhkb` pebgbs hrb bhrbpihgb.

Poes jbfgo es hidlst sex cbbt ilfk, jut ec ylu wes

ibfktobf tob jbfgo ylu ghf bhseiy `l sl jy bxtbfèfkjbfgo tlp ht tob gbftbr hf` tob twl ibk grlsspebgbs (#8tob pihf) tob shdb hdluft. Ulu ghf solrtbf et ef tob

wh y. E wlui` h`vesb nbbpefk hii èdbfselfhi gohfkbcevb-efgo efgrbdbfts sl toht tob èsthfgb jbtwbbf tob j`lks rbdhefs tob shdb. Pob jbfgo es `bsekfb` rekot-ohf`b` jbfgo jut glui` jb glfvbrtb` tl h ibct-ohflfb jy rbvbrsefk tob pihfs. Ec h`ètelfhi stlrhkb sphfbb`b`, E sukkbst htthgoefk h pebgb lc piywll` jbtwbbf

Sesb gilsbup solws tlp spiefb glfstrugtelf. @lwbi aek obips supplrt ilfk jlhr`s ef ltobr vesb.





Dhfy stu`bfts ohvb cluf` et jbst tl sthrt hssbdjiy weto jhsb, hs et klbs tlkbtobr vbry bhseiy. Hssbdjiefk tob jhsb cbiedefhtbs dhfy pebgbs, dhnefk toefks ibss glfcusefk wo

tob vesb es tl kl tlkbtobr. Ec ylu weso, ylu dhy rluf` lvbr b`kbs lc tob jhsb pebgbs hf` rhèus tob bf`s lc tob cbbt. Po`btheis, hilfk weto ylur vesb glrfbrs hf` ohfìbs, weii k

ylur jbfgo h pbrslfhi tlugo. Whf` hii pebgbs jbclrb kiue

Jb surb tl ohddbr bvbfiy lf jlto wb`kbs hf` `lf't lv

ohddbr lr tob wll` weii spiet. Hctbr tob wb`kbs hrb ef, gobtob sbgtelfs clr squhrbfbss. Ht toes pleft ylu ghf rbdlvb gihdps jbghusb tob wb`kbs weii oli` bvbrytoefk ef pihGibhf lcc hii tob bxgbss kiub woeib et es steii wbt hf` ylu wohvb iettib cefesoefk wlrn. Hctbr tob kiub `rebs, shw lcc bxgbss lc tob wb`kbs hf pihfb tob tlps bvbf hf ciht. Gihtob jhsb tlkbtobr tl `reii tob ohr`whrb olibs.

Ef dhnefk tob jbfgo tlp, wb usb spiefbs jbtwbbf tob pebtl dhnb kiuefk up bhsebr. Et esf't h jh` e`bh clr strbfkbetobr, jbghusb lc hii tob ohddbrefk toht weii thnb pihgb tob tlp surchgb. H spiefb solui` `bcefetbiy jb usb` jbtwpebgbs #8 hf` #7 tl obip hiekf tob crlft pebgb ciuso weto rbst lc tob tlp. [b usb h `h`l obh` tl gut tob krllvbs clr spiefbs jut et glui` jb `lfb weto h sohpbr, h ohf` rlutbr lpiluko pihfb. Pob jbfgo tlp es kiub` hf` pihfb` jbcpebgb #7 weto tob jbfgo `lk silts es h``b`. [b usb tob `hobh lf tob rhèhi hrd shw tl gut tob jbfgo `lk silts wetstlp sbt tl nbbp tob sphgefk hf` tob hfkib glfsestbft. Et gljb `lfb efstbh` weto h rlutbr, h shw hf` goesbi, lr h rlupihfb. Pob tlp stbp lc tob silt es goesbib` lut jy ohf` ht t

vbry bf`. Ghp pebgb #: es h``b` hctbrwhr`s hf` h jrh` es uef bhgo bf` tl prbvbft tob pebgb crld sieèfk lvbr tob ibfùrefk kiuefk. @lf't usb tll dugo kiub lr et weii jb fbgbsstl `l h tbèlus gibhf-up efse`b bhgo jbfgo `lk silt. Hctbr crlft pebgb es htthgob`, tob tlp es gut ef ibfkto hf` we`Pob tlfkubs hrb dh`b ht bhgo bf` weto h sohpbr, gerguihr shohf` rlutbr lr rhjjbt pihfb.

Pob ibfktowesb gut clr tob rekot-ohf` vesb dust jb phrhtl tob crlft lc tob jbfgo tlp, hf` tob grlsswesb gut prbgessquhrb tl et. Poes ghf jb `lfb lf h jhf` shw, lr weto h gerihr shw lr ohf` shw. Clr dhnefk tob krllvb clr tob rekot-oh

vesb tl re`b ef, ylu ghf usb h ohf rlutbr lr goesbi et lut. Phggurhgy lc toes krllvb es vbry edplrthft jbghusb et weii `btdefb olw sdlltoiy ylur vesb wlrns.

Hs dbftelfb` prbvelusiy, flfb lc tob bf` ghp pebgbskiub`. Clr toes rbhslf et es bssbftehi toht tob olibs clr tob jlhrb `reiib` vbry hggurhtbiy lr tob jlits weii flt kl ef squhPobrbclrb E sukkbst `reiiefk tob olibs ef pebgbs #0, 2, hf ; h `reii prbss lr weto h `lwbiefk aek. Ht tob shdb tedb, `reii tolib clr tob vesb ef pebgb #;. Hctbr tob olibs hrb `reiib`, t

bf` ghp pebgbs hrb gihdpb` ef pihgb weto ceiibr #3 efsbrtb

Pob olibs hrb tobf glftefub` eftl tob jbfgo tlp. Pob j why tl `l toes es tl usb hf bxtrh-ilfk `reii jet, lr h jet lf bxtbfself. Ec ylu `lf't weso tl efvbst ef tob jet, ylu ghf gu`h`l hf` ibt tob jlit re`b ef toht. Pob shdb prlgbùrb solujb cliilwb` lf pebgb #8?. Ec ylu `l usb h `h`l hf` wesogilsb up tob krllvb, ylu ghf h`` h pebgb tl glfgbhi tob jlOlwbvbr, toes esf't fbgbsshry jbghusb tob fut weii fbstib ef t

sphgefk usefk `h`l jih`bs. Wtu`bft usbs goesbi tl gibhf shw guts dh`b tl sohpb jbfgo-tlp glrfbr clr vesb. Jbilw, ]ebgb 7 es pihfb`hiekf weto ]ebgb 8. Jlttld poltl solws vesb.

Ht tlp, rhèhi hrd-shw aek obips gut lut jbfgo-`lk silts lc glfse





Ht tlp, piywll` jlhr` es usb` tl squhrb torbb vesb phrts wobf kiuefk tobd tlkbtobr. De`ìb vbrteghi jlhr` es jbfgo-tlp bf` (]ebgb 2).

Hctbr kiuefk, ltobr phrts lc vesb hrb cettb` tlkbtobr weto tob vesb ef pihgb lf tob tlp. Ltobr poltls solw jlttld hf` rbhr vebws lc vesb.

solui`br lc tob rekot-hfkib` olib, puiiefk tob jlit ef tekot. lur jbfgobs wb efsbrt tob vesb ohr`whrb jrhgnbts ciuso, jtoes gbrthefiy esf't grugehi.

Flw gldbs tob dlst ècceguit phrt lc hssbdjiy‐torekot-ohf` vesb. Et es h`veshjib tl dhnb tob tlfkubs lf tpebgbs hii siekotiy lvbrsezb` hf` ghrbcuiiy cet tobd weto tokrllvbs. Et es bssbftehi toht bvbry phrt lc tob vesb jb gldpibtiy squhrb. [b usb cefkbr alefts ef tob glrfbrs jut `lvbth

wlui` prljhjiy jb chstbr ec ylu hrb lfiy dhnefk lfb jbfgEf kiuefk tob vesb pebgbs tlkbtobr et es obipcui tl gut h pebgbpiywll` tl tob bxhgt èdbfself lc tob efse`b rbgthfkib lc t vesb. Ec ylu gihdp tob vesb pebgbs hrluf` toes pebgb, tob ve weii ohvb tl bf` up squhrb. Pob piywll` hisl prlve`bs b`kb tl gihdp hkhefst lf tob lpbf se`b.

Pob vesb solui` jb kiub` hf` cettb` hf` hii tob olibs `reiiclr tob ohr`whrb jbclrb glvbr pebgb #80 es h``b`. Pob olib ctob vesb es `reiib` ef pebgb #88, hf` crld tobrb kue`b` efpebgb #2, weto #2 jlitb ef pihgb. Et dekot jb fbgbsshry goesbi h iettib fltgo eftl tob jbfgo tlp tl dhnb rlld clr to

vesb jrhgnbt, jut sugo h fltgo es efvesejib. Pob jbfgo cieppb` upse`b `lwf clr tob cettefk lc tob kue`bs. Pob fltgosolui` jb sgrejb` lcc tob ruffbr pebgbs hf` ghrbcuiiy rlutb` l

goesbib` lut jy ohf`. Gluftbrsefn hii tob sgrbws sl toht to`lf't eftbrcbrb weto tob vesb trhvbi. ]ebgb #8; solui` jsgrbwb` `lwf cerst hf` tobf tob ltobr kue`bs sbt ef pihg

Phnb tob tedb tl dhnb hii lc tobsb cet rekot. Cettefk tob ve weii `revb ylu grhzy ht tedbs, jut jb phtebft hf` wlrry hjllfb sbgtelf ht h tedb hf` bvbftuhiiy et weii hii cet aust reko

[obf tob vesb es wlrnefk prlpbriy, pebgb #80 es h``b`. Etsbt eftl pebgbs #88 hf` 8: sl tobsb pebgbs dust jb goesbilut. Ec ylu whft tl kbt h iettib chfgy ylu ghf uf`brgut tb`kbs sl toht tob bccbgt es hidlst ienb lfb ihrkb `lvbthei. gldpiedbfthry hfkib es gut lf tob b`kbs lc #80 hf tob pebges kiub`. Ulu dust kiub lfiy tl tob dlvefk phfs lc tob vehf` flt tl hfy lc tob sthtelfhry phrts lc tob jbfgo tlp. @rup crld tob jlttld torluko tob jbfgo `lk silts tl ilghtb ttlps lc tob silts hf` cefeso goesbiefk tobd lut.

]ebgb #? es sgrbwb` lftl tob jhgn lc tob jbfgo hctbr rbgbevbs h krllvb tl supplrt tob piywll` clr tob tlli trlukoPob piywll` es sgrbwb` èrbgtiy tl tob uf`brse`b lc tob jbfgtlp hf` es curtobr supplrtb` jy tob ceiibr pebgbs woego sbgutob tlp tl tob ibks. Pob ceiibr pebgbs #:0 sthjeiezb tob tlp hfglffbgt et tl tob jhsb. Pob twl glrfbr jilgns hrb sgrbwb` crld tob jlttld. Pober lfiy cufgtelf es tl dhnb tob trlukbhsy tl swbbp lut. ]ebgb #:7 es usb` tl prbvbft èrbgihdpefk lftl tob wlrn ylu hrb olièfk. H pebgb lc piywll

wlui` cufgtelf bquhiiy wbii obrb. Hctbr tob jbfgo es gldpibtb`, tob tlp solui` jb ohf

pihfb` hf` jbit shf`b` ibvbi. Hii tob b`kbs solui` jb bhsb

lcc siekotiy, lr "jrlnbf," tl defedezb goeppefk lut wobsldbtoefk oets hkhefst hf b`kb.

Hii lc tob pihgbs lf tob uf`brse`b lc tob rekot-ohf` v wobrb wll` es ruffefk hkhefst wll` solui` jb glhtb` wdbitb` phrhccef toeffb` siekotiy weto turpbftefb‐shythjibspllf lr twl tl h jilgn lc phrhccef. Pob phrhccef es cedbitb` ef h ghf lr plt, hf` tob turpbftefb es h``b` weto toglfthefbr rbdlvb` crld tob obht slurgb. Pob dexturb iejbrhiiy pheftb` lf ef ets ieque` sthtb tl prltbgt tob pebgbs hfobip tobd tl cufgtelf sdlltoiy. Fl lei es usb` lf hfy tobsb pebgbs.

Ht gldpibtelf, tob rbst lc tob jbfgo hf` bspbgehiiy t wlrn surchgb solui` jb gldpibtbiy pbfbtrhtb` weto rh



iefsbb` lei. Poes weii thnb sbvbrhi obhrty glhts. Ht ibhst lfgb h ybhr tob jbfgo tlp solui` jb rbsurchgb`. Poes es `lfb jy sgrhpefk et `lwf, rbibvbiefk et, hf` hkhef pbfbtrhtefk et wetolei.

Clur sdhii pebgbs solui` jb h``b` uf`br tob ibks sl tohttob jbfgo rbsts lf clur plefts. Pob toegnfbss lc tobsb pebgbsghf sbrvb hs hf hàustdbft clr tob cefhi jbfgo obekot.

Flw ylur jbfgo es gldpibtbiy cefesob` hf` illns sl

jbhutecui ylu ohtb tl usb et. Ec ylu thnb kll` ghrb lc et, wlrnefk lf et hf` flt eftl et, et solui` sthy ienb toht clr ybhrshf` ybhrs.

Hutolr's fltb1 Dhtbrehi clr toes jbfgo efgiu`bs 2= jlhr` cbbt

lc ?/ 0 dhpib> 8= jlhr cbbt lc 2 / 0 dhpib> lfb peb8/:-ef. Jhiteg jergo piywll` ? x 3=> twl 8-8/0-ef. èhdjbfgo sgrbws, lfb 8?-ef. lvbrhii ibfkto, tob ltobr 87-7/0

weto h s wevb i bf` > 8 pher ;- ef. jbfgo `lks weto obhvy sp8 x 2/? nfurib` chgb, ;/? x 2/? sohfn (wb usb` Ridehs)7 / ? x ? jlits> clur 7 / ? x 3 jlits> lfb 7/ ? x 80 jltorbh`b` rl`) > twl 7 / ? x 2 ihk sgrbws.^Bètlr's fltb1 Jiubprefts lc toes jbfgo hrb hvheihjib cl

Pob prefts `l flt kevb hfy h` etelfhi efclrdhtelf, jut srbh`brs dhy cef tob lrtolkrhpoeg prlabgtelfs `rhwf tl h lc 8-8/: hf` 7 efgobs tl tob cllt glfvbfebft tl wlrn wWbf` gobgn tl Pob Phuftlf ]rbss, Jlx 722, Fbwtlwf=30;=. Glffbgtegut rbse`bfts h`` ;% shibs thx.T

SEWB

JLPPLD SEB[ (hf` sbgtelfs)

PL] SEB[





Hf Bhsy-tl-Juei` [lrnjbfgoJlitb` jutt alefts clr reke` glfstrugtelf

jy Zegohr` Wthrr

H s h sgolli wll`solp tbhgobr, E dust lctbf slivb prljibdslf tob spur lc tob dldbft. Poht's olw tob `bsekf clr dy bhsy-tl-juei` wlrnjbfgo ghdb tl db. H glupib lc ne`s

whftb` tl juei` h jbfgo hs h kect clr h fbekojlrefk prbsgolli. Pobjbfgo oh` tl jb quegn hf` bhsy tl glfstrugt, ybt prlcbsselfhi illn-efk hf`, hjlvb hii, hjsliutbiy reke`. [obf hii tob bibdbfts clr hsedpib, jlit-tlkbtobr crhdb ghdb tlkbtobr ef dy def`, E oet dy phid tl dy jrlw. Et sbbdb` sl ljvelus. E wlf`brb` woy E oh`f'ttolukot lc et jbclrb.

@bsekfefk tob wlrnjbfgoPob wlrnjbfgo dhefiy glfsests lc clur ibks hf` clur strbtgobrsobi` tlkbtobr weto bekot e`bfteghi alefts. Pob alefts hrb bhsy tl gut

ybt clrkevefk jbghusb toby hrb chstbfb` weto glddlf obx-obh`jlits hvheihjib ht hfy ohr`whrb stlrb. Pob aleft, bquhiiy bccbgtevb efohr`wll` lr gobhp glfstrugtelf-krh`b iudjbr, es hisl pbrcbgt clrdhfy typbs lc nflgn`lwf curfeturb. Et's bvbf slie` bfluko clrpbrdhfbft efsthiihtelfs, sugo hs h jueit-ef wlrn gluftbr.

Pob cerst stbp ef jueièfk tob crhdb es tl `bge`b tob èdbfselfs

lc tob tlp. Poes `bgeself solui` jb jhsb` lf tob jbfgo's eftbfùsb (h ghrvefk jbfgo solui` ohvb h fhrrlwbr tlp tohf h ghjefdhnbr's hssbdjiy jbfgo) hf` lf tob solp sphgb ylu ohvb hvhjib. Pob jbfgo E jueit ohs h 0:-ef.-we`b jy ;:-ef.-ilfk tlp, klclr kbfbrhi wll`wlrnefk thsns. Crld tobsb èdbfselfs, E ghiguib` tob sezb lc tob crhdb hf` tob ibfkto lc tob strbtgobrs, Ulu g`btbrdefb tob ibfkto lc bhgo pher lc strbtgobrs jy sujtrhgttwegb tob toegnfbss lc h ibk pius tob hdluft tob tlp weii lvbrohht bhgo bf` crld tob ibfkto hf` we`to lc tob jbfgotlp. [obf geèfk lf tob hdluft lc lvbrohfk, nbbp ef def` toht et's h kle`bh tl ibhvb pibfty lc rlld lf hii se`bs, clr dluftefk vesbs hclr gihdpefk toefks tl tob tlp. Clr bxhdpib, E golsb h ;-ef. lvohfk hf` usb` 7-ef.-toegn jy 7-ef.-we`b ibks, sl dy bf` strbtgo

wbrb :: ef. ilfk hf` tob se`b strbtgobrs wbrb 2: ef. ilfk. E dhdy strbtgobrs crld :x3 stlgn.

E usb` slct dhpib clr dy jbfgo's ibks, jut ylu ghf usb kiub`-ohr`wll` lr glfstrugtelf-krh`b 0x0s. Gut tob ibks tl h ibfkto tobquhis èb obekot lc tob jbfgo ibss tob toegnfbss lc tob tlp. E cetoht jbfgo obekot es ihrkbiy h dhttbr lc pbrslfhi thstb. E'd h s



clltbr, hf` E ienb h 70-ef.-oeko jbfgo wobfbvbr E'd shwefk lr pihf-efk wll`> clr sdhii hssbdjiy wlrn, toluko, E'` whft tob jbfgotlphf efgo lr twl oekobr. Pob wlrnjbfgobs ef dy sgolli solp hrb 7=

ef. oeko, woego es rekot clr dlst h`libsgbfts, hitoluko ylufkbr wll`wlrnbrs dekot `l jbst weto h :3-ef.-oeko jbfgo.

Dhnefk tob strbtgobr aleftsPob cufgtelf lc h strbtgobr es tl prbvbft tob crhdb crld rhgnefkhf` tob jbfgo crld rlgnefk, sl et's edpbrhtevb toht bhgo strbtgobrglffbgtelf jb rlgn slie`. H aleft obi` tlkbtobr weto h sefkib jlitclgusbs prbssurb ht tob gbftbr lc tob aleft, woego `lbsf't h`bquhtb-iy prbvbft tob aleft crld rhgnefk. Pwl jlits hrb jbttbr jbghusbtoby puii tob strbtgobr hkhefst tob ibk gilsbr tl tob b`kbs, tous

nbbpefk tob aleft squhrb. Jut ylu fbb` tl juy twegb hs dugo ohr`- whrb, pius et thnbs twegb hs ilfk tl nflgn `lwf lr hssbdjib tobjbfgo. Hctbr tryefk sbvbrhi vhrehtelfs lc tob jlitb` strbtgobr aleft, Ecefhiiy ghdb up weto tob vbrself solwf ef tob `rhwefk. H sefkibjlit es usb` clr bhgo aleft, hf` hf hrgob` rbiebc hrbh es gut lut lfbhgo bf` lc tob strbtgobr. Hs tob aleft es tekotbfb`, prbssurb es cl-gusb` ht tob lutbr b`kbs (ienb h twl-jlit aleft), bccbgtevbiy ilgnefktob strbtgobr squhrb tl tob ibk hf` prbvbftefk rhgnefk.

Pl jbkef dhnefk tob alefts, grlssgut tob strbtgobrs squhrb hf` tlibfkto, hf` `reii grlss olibs tl prlve`b tob sphgb clr tob fut hf`

whsobrs toht hrb cettb` tl tob bf` lc bhgo jlit. Pob gbftbr lc bhgogrlss olib es ilghtb` wobrb tob jlit bf` weii jb wobf tob aleft eshssbdjib`. Clr dy jbfgo, E usb` 7-ef.-sq. ibks hf` -ef.-ilfkjlits weto tob obh`s gluftbrsufn . ef. `bbp. Poes pihgbs tob gbf-tbr lc dy grlss olibs ht ef. crld tob bf` lc bhgo strbtgobr. Ulusolui` hvle` ilghtefk tob grlss olibs hfy gilsbr tl tob strbtgobr

bf`s tohf toht lr ylu resn tob clrgb lc tob jlit spiettefk lbf`krhef hf` ruefefk tob strbtgobr.

Jlrb lut tob grlss olibs weto h -ef -èh. jet, woego weii iolib ihrkb bfluko tl hiilw h jlx wrbfgo tl cet hrluf` to

ùrefk hssbdjiy. Fbxt, tob plrtelf lc tob olib chgefk tob btob strbtgobr es squhrb` up clr tob fut. E usb` h try squhrb tllut tob plgnbt, hs solwf ef tob `rhwefk. Pobf E golppb` l

whstb weto h goesbi. Ec ylu ienb, ylu ghf woettib lr shf tob

lc tob lpbfefk tl kevb tobd hf httrhgtevb gohdcbr.Pl ilghtb tob jlit olibs ef tob bf`s lc tob strbtgobrs, E d

toef-piywll` (ylu glui` usb ghr`jlhr`) tbdpihtb gut tl tob

èdbfselfs hs tob grlss sbgtelf lc h strbtgobr, ef toes ghsb ef. jy ef. Pob tbdpihtb es usb` tl dhrn tob gbftbr cl

-ef.-èh. jlit olib, hf` tobf tobsb olibs hrb `reiib` torlukotoby eftbrsbgt weto tob grlss olibs. H sph`b jet ef h plrthjibtreg `reii wlrns cefb ef bf`krhef, hitoluko E prbcbr tl usb h ceb` hukbr jet ef h ohf` jrhgb. Pl dlècy tob jet, E aust ceibspurs lcc, hf` et gobwb` rekot torluko bf`krhef. E treb` tlhggurhtbiy jy gobgnefk toht tob jet whs phrhiibi tl tob chgbb`kb lc tob strbtgobr, hf` stlppefk hf` rbgobgnefk crbqubftighusb tob olib es dugo ihrkbr tohf tob jlit, `bh` hggurhgfbgbsshry> hs E'vb she`, toes aleft es vbry clrkevefk.

Ec ylu pihf tl èshssbdjib hf` hssbdjib tob jbfgo lctbf

dekot whft tl h`` hf hiekfdbft `lwbi lf tob bf` lc bhgo stbr. Poes solrt, -ef.-èh. `lwbi nbbps tob strbtgobr hiekfb` `hssbdjiy hf` dhtbs tl h siekotiy lvbrsezb` olib ef tob ibk.

Fbxt, dhrn hf` gut lut tob rbiebc hrbh lf bhgo strbtgobribhvefk twl i-ef.-ilfk glfthgt hrbhs. H -ef.-`bbp rbiebc es hfbb`, jut ec ylu'` ienb tl h`` h `bglrhtevb tlugo, ylu ghf chfgy sohpb> aust hvle` guttefk tll fbhr tob grlss olib lr ylu

spiettefk tob aleft wobf ylu tekotbf tob jlit. E gut lut tob hrbh lf h jhf`shw, jut ylu glui` usb h shjbrshw lr golp l

whstb jy ohf` weto h goesbi.Rsb tob shdb tbdpihtb `bsgrejb` hjlvb tl dhrn tob plsete

tob jlit olibs lf tob ibks. Bhgo pher lc ibks es ihe` lut èccbrsl jb surb tl dhrn ghrbcuiiy. Ec ylu gollsb tl gluftbrsefn toobh`s, `reii tob gluftbrsufn olibs cerst. H 8-ef.-èh. olib dh

tob èhdbtbr lc whsobrs flrdhiiy usb` weto -ef. jlits. @rjlit olibs lvbrsezb`‐ -ef. olibs clr tob -ef. jlits-hs ylu `tob strbtgobr bf`s bhriebr.

Hssbdjib tob jbfgo crhdb jy cerst jlitefk tlkbtobr tob ibk

bf` strbtgobrs, hf` tobf alefefk tobd weto tob se`b strbtgobr

alefts weii sbbd illsb hf` silppy wobf cerst hssbdjib`> sedpiytelf hf` tekotbf tobd usefk twl whsobrs uf`br bhgo fut. Ulu fbb` tl rbtekotbf tob alefts hctbr toby'vb sbttib` clr h cbw `h

Cettefk tob jbfgotlpClr dy jbfgotlp, E kiub` up sldb -ef.-toegn dhpib E oh`

hrluf`. Hf bhsebr (hitoluko dlrb bxpbfsevb) hitbrfhtevb es th ibfkto lc rbh`y-dh`b jutgobr-jilgn gluftbrtlp, hvheihjibdhfy jueièfk-suppiy stlrbs, oldb gbftbrs hf` iudjbr `bhi

Jlit tob tlp tl tob crhdb torluko h jhttbf kiub` tl tob echgbs lc tob bf` strbtgobrs (sbb tob `rhwefk). Jlrb torbb olibs ef bhgo jhttbf, hf` tobf chstbf tob tlp weto -ef. ihkhf` whsobrs. [oeib tob jhttbfs nbbp tob tlp ciht, tob lvbrolibs hiilw tob slie`-wll` tlp tl dlvb weto gohfkbs ef oud

Ec ylu whft tl h`` h sobic uf`br ylur wlrnjbfgo, sgrbw jhttbtob uf`brse`b lc sldb -ef.-toegn sobic jlhr`s> tobf `rlp tob

ef pihgb, hs solwf.

Zegohr` Wthrr es h tbhgobr hf` hutolr. Jueièfk toes wlrnjbftob tlpeg lc tob cerst solw ef oes tbibveself sbrebs, [ll`wlrnefBvbrylfb, lf ]JW toes chii.



Bddbrts hrb gihs-segs. Wpbgehiezb` ves-bs, ienb toes Bddbrt

Fl. 8, wbrb bsekfb` clr jusy phttbrf-dhnbrs ùrefk tob

efùstrehi jlld ybhrs ht tob turf lc

tob gbftury. Sesb ahws oli` errbkuihriy

sohpb` wlrnpebgbs (hjlvb) hf` swevbi tl edprlvb hggbss tl

tob wlrn (rekot).

]httbrfdhnbr's Sesbs

Pob dlst vbrshteib wlrn-ol`bvegb bvbr jlitb` tl h jbf

jy Jbfahdef [ei`

Dlrb tohf := ybhrs lc wll`wlrnefk hf` phttbthukot db toht tob e`bhi vesb es lfb toht E ghf cl

woeib E'd wlrnefk. E `lf't whft tl cekot wetospbf` dugo tedb sbttefk et up. H vesb solui` oli` tob wl

wetolut dhrnefk et, hf hiilw db tl wlrn ef h gldclrtelf. E sthrtb` dy ghrbbr hs h phttbrfdhnbr usefk tob sptoht klbs weto tob trh`b. Wefgb tobf, E'vb treb` bvbry lto

vesb lf tob dhrnbt. Fl ltobr vesb gldbs hs gilsb tl t wlrn-olièfk `bvegb hs h phttbrfdhnbr's vesb.

Pob phttbrfdhnbr's vesb whs `bvbilpb` spbgeceghiiy tl`bdhfèfk fbb`s lc h spbgehiezb` alj. H phttbrfdhnbr

wll bf dl`bis (sugo hs pihfb jlèbs, kbhrs lr thjibtoht hrb usb`, ef turf, tl grbhtb dli`s clr ghstefk phrtPob dl`bis lctbf hssudb l`` sohpbs hf` sezbs hf` hrboli`‐obfgb tob `bvbilpdbft lc h spbgehi vesb.

Ulu `lf't ohvb tl jb h phttbrfdhnbr tl hpprbgehtb to vesb. Et's jbttbr tohf ltobr vesbs ht oli efk tob wlrn cerd

tob wll`wlrnbr hf tob tlli ohvb rbh`y hf bhsy hggbhiiy hfy phrt lc tob pebgb. E flw tbhgo wll`wlrnefk, hsbb dy stu`bfts strukkiefk weto edprlpbriy obi wlrn. usuhiiy es efhggurhtb wlrn lr h jltgob` alj. Pob jbhuttbrfdhnbr's vesb es toht et ghf oli` h vhrebty lc èccbrbftsohpbs ef hidlst hfy plsetelf.

Pob vesb htthgobs tl tob crlft lc tob wlrnjbfgo ienb telfhi jbfgo vesb. Jut crld toes plsetelf, tob vesb ghf j73=½ lr iectb` 5=½, sl tob ahws hrb phrhiibi tl tob jbfgotltob wll` gihdpb` cerdiy ef tob ahws. Pob ahws ghf jb tl hjlut 2½ crld se`b tl se`b tl oli thpbrb ljabgts. Hry teit pihtb weii pevlt up tl 7=½ pbrpbfèguihr tl tob vesbsbvbrbiy hfkib wlrn lr clr kreppefk pebgbs hfkib ef tw





Sesb ohfìbs dbthi,tll. Zlthtb toes Hdbr-eghf Dhgoefb & Plli

Gl. vesb 8?=½, hf` ylu'ii ohvb h pher lc ahws clr dbthiwlrn-

efk (hjlvb). H sbt lc ahw efsbrts, woego hrb iefb` weto slct rujjbr (rekot), prbvbfts èfks

ef slct dhtbrehi.

rbhiiy `bpbf`s lf tob typb lc wll`wlrnefk toht ylobhvy ylur wlrn es hf` olw dugo dlfby ylu'rb weiief

Pob HDP vesbPob HDP vesb (Hdbreghf Dhgoefb & Plli Gl., ClurtWprefk Wt., Zlybrsclr`, ]H 8503?-:285> ?==-072-?332) etob Bddbrt Fl. : vesb. Pob spbgeceghtelfs hrb hidlst e`bjy -ef. ahws toht lpbf 8: ef. hf` hf lvbrhii wbekot ltob ghst-erlf hf stbbi ufet (sbb tob poltls ht ibct).

Pob predhry èccbrbfgbs jbtwbbf tob twl hrb toht tob es flt hs kll` lf tob HDP hs et es lf tob lrekefhi, tob giettib slctbr hf` tob -ef.-èh. ohfìb cets silppeiy ef eolib. Ef spetb lc tob rluko ghstefk, toluko, bvbrytoef

wlrn wbii bfluko. Ef h`ètelf tl tob sthf`hr` pevlt pihcbrs h sbt lc slct ahws hs hf lptelfhi hggbsslry ($:= clPob slct ahws hrb 7-ef. jy 3-ef., rujjbr-chgb` hiudefuddhkfbteghiiy htthgo tl tob chgb lc tob ahws tl prltbgt ylusolwf ef tob jlttld poltl ht ibct. E cluf` tob slct ahw

phrteguihriy clr sdhii wlrn. Hitoluko E'd usb` tl wlrnefk weto tob jekkbr Fl. 8 v

toes iettib HDP vesb hf` wlui` jb tbdptb` tl juy et wlui` fbvbr fbb tob sezb hf strbfkto lc tob ihrkbr lfet's tob dlst rbhslfhjib bftry eftl lwfefk h phttbrfd

ufibss ylu cef` h rbhi jhrkhef lf h usb` Bddbrt, wosbiis clr $72= hf up `bpbfèfk lf sezb hf glfètelf

Pob Sbreths Plli vesb Sbreths Plli Efg. (8: Bhst Zevbr Wt., Lk`bfsjurk, FU 8?==-33;-:5?3) eftrlùgb tob Pugnbr vesb ef 8558, b ybhrs hctbr Bddbrt phtbftb` oes vesb. [eto ahws toht h

87 ef., tob Pugnbr es lfiy siekotiy sdhiibr tohf tob Bddjut tob 8:-ef. ahw ghphgety es tob shdb (sbb tob poltlsPob Pugnbr lpbrhtbs dugo ienb hf Bddbrt, jut tobrb hrcbrbfgbs hf` h cbw h``b` cbhturbs.

Pob Pugnbr es dugo iekotbr tohf tob Bddbrt, woegosldb glfgbrfs hjlut ets ùrhjeiety. Jut tob zefg-hiud

usb` tl ghst tob Pugnbr es flt lfiy dugo iekotbr tohf gstrlfkbr hf ibss jrettib. Pob ltobr rbhèiy fltegbhjib `dhgoefefk. Pob cefeso es h oekoiy rbcefb`, sdllto surchgbtoht cluf lf tob ufdhgoefb surchgbs lc dhgoefest's t

Pob Pugnbr vesb ohs sldb h`vhfthkbs lvbr tob Bdddy lpefelf, sldb èsh`vhfthkbs. Et ohs h quegn-rbibhfesd, sl tob crl ft ahw ghf sie`b lpbf lr gilsb` bhseiy wefk tl turf tob ohfìb. Ef h`ètelf tl h tlp rbibhsb jutpb`hi hiilws tob sprefk-ilh`b ahw tl jb plppb lpbf wohf`s hrb cuii (sbb tob tlp poltl lf p. ;5).

Pob jueit-ef `lks ohvb h ciht se`b hf` h rluf` se`b tlrebty lc gihdpefk surchgbs. Pob ahws lc tob Pugnbr hrb g

woego es krbht clr prltbgtefk ylur wlrn, jut glui jb h

glrn iefefk kbts `hdhkb hf fbb`s tl jb sgrhpb lcc. Piy jbghusb bvbf tob dbthiwlrnefk ahws, woego tbf tlhjusb, hrb glrn-iefb`. Pob èrbgtelfs hrb gldpibtb, hf es bhsebr tohf et hppbhrs. Pob bxpil`b` vebw lc tob vesilln hs gldpieghtb` hs tob glftrli phfbi lc h Jlbefk ;0

Lfb toefk E è` èsgbrf crld tob dluftefk efstrugtelfb` `rhwefk whs toht tob Pugnbr ohs h ilt dlrb phrts tohdbrt. Hitoluko E è` flt ohvb h gohfgb tl usb tob vbxtbf`b pbrel`, E wlui jb glfgbrfb toht weto sl dhdekot jb bhsebr clr tob vesb tl kbt lut lc hiekfdbft.

Pob jek `rhwjhgn tl tob Pugnbr vesb es toht tob hfkibflt hii toht glfvbfebft tl usb. Pob ltobr vesbs usb h qughd ilgn tl oli` tob vesb ht hf hfkib. Olwbvbr, tob P



austdbft. Jbghusb lc tob sdhiibr sezb lc tob Pugnbr, wobf et's rl-thtb 5=½ tl tob vbrteghi plsetelf, tob bf lc tob vesb es lfiy hjlut: ef. hjlvb tob jbfgo.

Pob bf lc tob fbxt sdhiibst vesb, tob HDP, wobf ef tob shdb pl-setelf, es 0 ef. hjlvb tob jbfgotlp. Poes bxtrh obekot rhesbs sdhii

wlrn up tl h jbttbr wlrnefk plsetelf. Hisl, tob Pugnbr `lbsf'tohvb h pevlt pihtb, woego es kll clr oli efk l``-sohpb pebgbs.

Ht $2==, tob Pugnbr dekot sbbd h iettib bhr, jut lvbrhii, toes es hquhiety-dhgoefb prlùgt toht wlrns bxtrbdbiy wbii.

Pob Nef`t-Gliiefs vesb

Hitoluko Pob Nef`t-Gliiefs Gl. (8:328 Bidwll` Hvb., Gibvbihf ,LO 00888> ?==-7:8-78;=) dhstbr ufevbrshi phttbrfdhnbr's vesb ohsjbbf lf tob dhrnbt clr dlrb tohf := ybhrs, et's jbbf h rbihtevb sb-grbt. Poht dhy jb jbghusb lc ets pregb1 $8,222. Nef`t-Gliiefs glf-tefubs tl sbii vesbs predhreiy tl glrplrhtb phttbrfdhnbr's solpshf tob klvbrfdbft.

Pob Nef`t-Gliiefs es hf edprlvbdbft lvbr tob li Bddbrt. Pobhfkib hf` ltobr hàustdbfts wlrn dugo dlrb sdlltoiy jbghusbhii tob wlrnefk phrts hrb dhgoefb hf ohf`-cettb (sbb tob pol-tls ht rekot). Pob surchgbs lc tob ihrkb wll`wlrnefk ahws (8? ef. jy ; ef.) hrb krluf` ciht, hf` tob dbthiwlrnefk ahws hrb krluf`,ohr`bfb` hf` sbrrhtb`. Pob teit pihtb hisl es krluf` ciht hf` cets pbr-

cbgtiy eftl ets krllvb ef tob jhgn vesb ahw, hs solwf ef tob jlttldpoltl ht rekot. Pob crlft ahw re`bs sdlltoiy lf h `lujib-ibh`Hgdb torbh` hf` lpbfs h cuii 83 ef. H fegb pheft alj dhnbs tob vesbilln hs kll hs et wlrns.

Pob Nef`t-Gliiefs vesb ohs dugo toegnbr ghstefks tohf tob Bd-dbrt, sl tob Nef`t-Gliiefs ghf oli tob obhvy ghstefks toht pht-tbrfdhnbrs sldbtedbs wlrn lf, jut ylu'ii prljhjiy ohvb tl jlitylur jbfgo tl tob cillr. Ef chgt, wbekoefk ef ht hjlut 8;= ij., tobvesb hilfb dhy tep lvbr sldb wlrnjbfgobs.

Hitoluko tob bxtrh obct dhnbs tob vesb strlfkbr, tob efgrbhsbjuin kbts ef tob why wobf wlrnefk fbhr tob ahws lf sdhiibrpebgbs. Jbghusb lc ets obhvy-ùty glfstrugtelf, tob Nef`t-Gliiefses ljvelusiy dhrnbtb` tl efùstry. Pob gldphfy dust hssudb toht

tobsb prls nflw woht tl `l weto toes vesb jbghusb et ghdb wetoluthfy dluftefk èrbgtelfs lr ohr`whrb. Pob lfiy ltobr èsh`vhf-thkb lc toes vesb es toht et es hjlut torbb tedbs tob pregb lc tob fbxtgobhpbst dl`bi. Ef spetb lc tob obhvy pregb, tob Nef`t-Gliiefs vesbrbprbsbfts h kll` vhiub clr tob usbr wol fbb`s tob uitedhtb efoli efk plwbr.

Hf Bddbrt ef tob cuturb<Hilfk weto tobsb vesbs, E hisl oh` h gohfgb tl try lut h fbw Bd-dbrt vesb, hs solwf ef tob tlp poltl lf p. ;?. Poht's rekot, h fbw Bddbrt. Jhgn ef 85?0, Jlj Nefsilw lc Ohkbrstlwf, D`., hgquerb`tob rekots tl tob Bddbrt fhdb, hs wbii hs rbdhefefk efvbftlrebs,phttbrfs hf sldb prlùgtelf dhgoefbry. Ob ohs jbbf strukkiefk

bvbr sefgb tl gldjefb tobsb efkrbèbfts eftl h klefk glfgbrf hfòhs dhfhkb tl put tlkbtobr h cbw lc tob vesbs. Jut rbgbft obhitoprljibds ohvb `bhit oes bcclrts h sbrelus jilw.

Ec Nefsilw ghf kbt toefks up hf` ruffefk, ob spbguihtbs tob sbii-efk pregb clr h Fl. 8 (tob lfiy sezb ob'ii jb prlùgefk) weii jbhjlut $3;2. Rftei tobf, ec ylu whft hf Bddbrt, nbbp ylur bybslpbf ht cibh dhrnbts lr usb tlli solps ef ylur hrbh. Lfb toefk esclr surb1 Hfylfb wol steii ghiis oedsbic h phttbrfdhnbr es flt ienb-iy tl jb sbiiefk oes vesb.

Jbfahdef [e i ` wlrnb hs h phttbrfdhnbr clr 83 ybhrs. Ob es gur-rbftiy tbhgoefk glfstrugtelf trh`bs clr tob Ge ty Wgolli @estregt,Zlgobstbr, F.U., hf` es tob gllrèfhtlr lc tob hpprbftegbsoep prl-

Ghèiihg lc [e t o h pregb tdlrb tohf $8tob Nef`t-Glesf't clr bvbry

Dhgoefb`, ohtb` phrts bxpihbhsb lc lpbrhhf` tob vesb ojek, ufwebi`y(hjlvb). H tetoht cets jbtw

ahws (ibct) hii ahws tl oli` stlgn cerdiy.



y chtobr ibhrfb` wll`wlrnefk

ef Wwb`bf, hf` wobf ob ghdbtl toes gluftry, ob klt h alj

jueièfk rbprlùgtelf Bhriy Hdbreghfcurfeturb. Pob solp oh` jbbf ef lpbrhtelf

sefgb tob ihtb 8;==s, hf` ienb tolsb wol wlrnb` jbclrb oed, dy chtobr whs

hssekfb` h oukb jbfgo weto dhfy

`rhwbrs. Ob stlrb` oes tllis hf` htb oes

iufgo ht tob jbfgo, jut dugo lc oes hgtuhi wlrn tlln pihgb fbhrjy lf h ilw thjib obghiib` ’tob pihtclrd.—

[obf E efobretb` oes jek jbfgo, E hislcluf` dysbic `lefk dlst lc dy wlrn ht h

ilw pihtclrd edprlvesb` crld shwolrsbs

hf` pihfns. E ohvb jh` solui`brs hf` toblgghselfhi slrb jhgn, sl usefk h cuii-

obekot jbfgo es ècceguit hf` ufprlùgtevb.

E fbb`b` h jbfgo toht suetb` tob why Erbhiiy wlrn, sl E jueit h ilw pihtclrd toht

efglrplrhtbs sldb cbhturbs lc h trhètelfhicuii-sezb` jbfgo.

H gihdpefk dhgoefbDy ilw pihtclrd jbfgo es dh`b clr

gihdpefk (sbb tob poltls lf tob chgefkphkb). Pob b`kbs lvbrohfk bfluko clr

gihdps tl kbt h kll` krep hfywobrb hilfk

tob ibfkto lc tob jbfgo. H 0-ef.-we`bsphgb `lwf tob de`ìb efgrbhsbs tob

gihdpefk lptelfs.Poes pihtclrd jbfgo ohs clur thei vesbs

dh b crld ]lfy Fl. 27 `lujib-pepbgihdps, woego ghf jb usb` jy tobdsbivbs

lr ef gldjefhtelf weto h rlw lc `lks lf

tob gbftbriefb jbtwbbf tob sgrbws, hs tob`rhwefk solws. Rfienb dlst jbfgo

hrrhfkbdbfts, weto h sefkib rlw lc `lkshilfk lfb b`kb, toes lfb `lbsf―t twest lr

jugnib tob pebgb. E ghf usb bhgo vesb sefkiy lr weto tob ltobrs jbghusb tob pepbs hrb

peffb` eftl tob jbfgotlps ht bhgo bf`

weto 8 ⁀ 0-ef. jy :-ef. rlii pefs. [etolut tobpefs, tob pepbs wlui sie`b torluko tob

jbfgo wobf tekotbfefk lfb bf .Zhtobr tohf usefk trhètelfhi squhrb

jbfgo `lks, E jlrb` 7 ⁀ 0-ef. olibs clr h vhrebty lc dhfuchgturb` `lk cexturbs lr

solpdh`b `lwbi `lks (sbb tob `rhwefk).

Jueièfk tob jbfgotlpsPob jbfgo es dh`b crld bekot strhekot,gibhr ?-ct. :x0s toht E oh` nbpt ef tob solp

clr h cbw dlftos tl `ry. E aleftb` tobb`kbs hf` tobf rhf bhgo lc tob jlhr`s

torluko tob pihfbr uftei tob rhèusb`glrfbrs wbrb squhrb.Jueièfk tob ibks hf` jhsb hgglrèfk tl

tob èdbfselfs lf tob `rhwefk esstrhekotclrwhr`. Pob lfiy pleft tl fltb es

tob `lvbthei glffbgtefk tob jbhds tl tob

ibks. Jbghusb lc tob lrebfthtelf lc tobjbhds hf` ibks, tob `lvbthei es lfiy 88 ⁀ : ef.

ht ets we`bst pleft, jut et―s 78 ⁀ : ef. crld tlptl jlttld. E teitb` tob thjibshw jih`b tl

gut tob theis lf tob jbhd hf` gut tob pefslf tob ibks ef tob jhf`shw. Hidlst hfy

dbtol` wlui` wlrn tl alef tob jbhd tl

tob ibk> dy cerst vbrself lc tob jbfgo usb`

h jlitb` siep aleft.

Pob pepbs ruf torluko tob tlps‐ Pob

tlps hrb dh`b ef twl sbgtelfs hf` kiubùp weto tob pepbs hf` vesbs ef pihgb. Pob

uppbr sbgtelfs hrb dh`b lc torbb jlhr`s

hf` tob ilwbr sbgtelf crld twl. E b`kb-kiub` tobd weto hitbrfhtefk krlwto refks

tl biedefhtb guppefk. E gut ; ⁀ ?-ef. krllvbs

ibfktowesb ef tob tlp chgb lc tob jltsbgtelf tl hgglddl`htb tob pepbs.

Pob tlps hrb obi` tl bhgo jbhd wesefkib ihk sgrbw, woego hiilws sbhsl

dlvbdbft. Pl ilgn tob tlps eftl tob

E gut `h`lbs lf tob ilwbr chgbs lc tojlttld sbgtelfs tl cet lvbr tob jbhd

Hssbdjiefk tob `lujib-pepb gihd

Pob `lujib-pepb gihdps hrb sli` we

0: Cefb [ll`wlrnefk ]oltls1 Hedå Crhsbr> `rhwefks1 Obhtob

D

Ilw Hssbdjiy Jbfgo Sbrshteib pihtclrd

puts ylur wlrnht tob rekot obekot

jy Jeii Fyjbrk

H ilw jbfgo dh`b clr gihdpefPoes jbfgo es :0 ef. oeko, h glfvbfebft oclr wlrnefk lf dhfy prlabgts. Pob jbfghrb 0:8 ⁀ : ef. ilfk, woego kevbs dlrb tohfjbtwbbf tob ahws. Ht hjlut ;= ijs., tob es iekot bfluko tl dlvb hrluf` ybt obhbfluko clr sthjeiety.

Ibk jrhgbs hrb rbshw:x0s, hjlut 88 ⁀ 83 ef. jy

Zlii pef@lwbishiekf tlpùrefkkiub-up.

8= ef.

Ihk sgrbw



thei stlp hf` h sgrbw obh`. E sbt hse`b tobthei-stlp bf`s hf` usb` lfiy tob sgrbw

obh`s. Porbhèfk lf tob vesb ht lfb bf`lc tob pepb weii ufsgrbw tob vesb ht tob

ltobr bf`. Wl E oh` h piudjbr gut tob

torbh`s twegb hs ilfk lf lfb bf` lc bhgolc tob clur pepbs. E torbh`b` tob cerst vesb

hii tob why lftl tob bf` weto `lujib-ilfktorbh`s sl toht et whs twegb hs chr lf tob

pepb hs et fbb`b` tl kl. Jy tob tedb tob

sbglf` vesb whs ef pihgb, tob cerst lfb ohùfsgrbwb` etsbic tl tob glrrbgt ilghtelf.

Nbbp bf`s ciuso wobf kiuefk‐ Jbclrb

tob pepbs hrb efsthiib` ef tob krllvbs, E gut

hii tob jbfgo pebgbs tl ibfkto. Lfgb tobtlps hrb kiub` up, tob pepbs hf` vesbs hrb

ef tob why, sl et―s ohr` tl tred up bf`s tohthrbf―t ciuso. Clr ciuso bf`s, E hiekfb` tob

pebgbs weto `lwbi pefs jbtwbbf tlp hf`

jlttld. E hppieb` tob kiub hf` gihdptob tlp hf` jlttld sbgtelfs tlkbtob

tob lwbis ef pihgb. Hctbr tob kiub w`ry, E `reiib` clr tob rlii pefs crld to

jlttld sl toby wlui`f―t solw.

Jeii Fyjbrk es èrbgtlr lc lpotohideg

poltlkrhpoy ht tob Rfevbrsety lc

]bffsyivhfeh ef ]oeih`bipoeh. Ob w

wll` ef oes sphrb tedb.

DHNB GIHD]EFK BH

Pob lpbf sphgb ht tob gbftbtob jbfgo hiilws gihdpefk p

surb tl jb hppieb` hfywobr

Pwl vesbs toht ghf jb hàusef`bpbf`bftiy oli` bvbf erruihr sohpbs sbgurbiy.

Kiub lfiy jlttld lc `lvbthei tl hiilw sbhslfhi dlvbdbft.

@reii 88 ⁀ ? ef. olibs ef gobbns clr illsb cet lf pepb.

@lk olibs, 7 ⁀ 0 ef.,lf 0 ef. gbftbrs

Jbfgo

Hitbrfhtefkkrlwto refks

Clur Fl. 27]lfy gihdps

Gluftbrjlrb clr8 ⁀ 0 ef. jy : ef. jlits.

Jihgn erlf lr khivhfezb`pepb, 8 ⁀ : ef. E@ jy 2; ef. ilfk

Plp hssbdjiy es `h`lb`8 ⁀ 0 ef. `bbp tl cet lvbr jbhd.

Zlii pef

Ihk sgrbws, 7 ⁀ ? ef. jy 2 ef.

torluko jbhd

H 8 ⁀ 0-ef.juiibt ghtgonbbps tob`lk efpihgb.

Jbfgo `lkshrb ohr`wll``lwbis, 7 ⁀ 0 ef. èh.hf` hjlut 08 ⁀ : ef.ilfk, pihfb` cihtlf lfb se`b.

Zlii pefs,8 ⁀ 0 ef. jy : ef.,nbbp pepbcrld turfefk.

@h`l clr pepb, ; ⁀ ? ef.`bbp jy ; ⁀ ? ef. we`b

]epb

Gut lse`b lohfì[obfvesb eskrhvetnbbp rbdhplrteltob ohjbilwjbfgo



Z u i b s l c P o u d j JU D E G O H B I

[ l l ` w l r n e f k j b f g o b s

Et es hidlst edplssejib tl wlrn wll` wetolut h wlrnjbfgo. Etrhfns hs lfb lc tob dlst edplrthft cexturbs ef h solp. Ef chgt, tobdlrb bxtbfsevb ylur wll`wlrnefk bxpbrebfgb tob dlrb ienbiy

ylu hrb tl ohvb dlrb tohf lfb jbfgo. E ohvb hiwhys oh` ht ibhsttorbb jbfgobs ef dy goher-dhnefk sgolli's solp‐ihrkb hf`sdhii alefbr's jbfgobs hf` hf hssbdjiy jbfgo.

@eccbrbft typbs lc wll`wlrnbrs trhètelfhiiy ohvb oh` èccbrbftstyibs lc jbfgobs toht vhry hgglrèfk tl tob fbb`s lc tober grhct.Clr bxhdpib, h alefbr's jbfgo es ilfk hf` fhrrlw weto h vesb

hilfk tob se`b (nflwf hs h se`b vesb) hf` h vesb ht lfb(nflwf hs h thei vesb). Goher dhnbrs crbqubftiy wlrn lpihtclrd ghiib` h crhdefk jbfgo jbghusb goher hssbdj

crhdefk. H ii kll` jbfgobs sohrb cbhturbs ylu weii whfefgiu`b ef hfy jbfgo ylu hrb dhnefk lr hgquerefk. H jbfgo dust jb stur`y. Ulu crbqubftiy pihgb h ilt l

et. [ll`wlrnefk, bspbgehiiy weto ohf` tllis, grbhtbs h clrgb. H jbfgo toht wljjibs lr rhgns uf`br tobsb clrgbcrustrhtefk tl wlrn lf jbghusb ylu whstb h ilt lc bfbr

tob jbfgotlp rhtobr tohf wlrnefk wltoes typb lc dlvbdbft es flt kll` cl rjbfgo's alefts. Poby wbhr dlrb quegndhy fbb` tl rbpihgb tob jbfgo `lwf

Hii tob jbfgobs ef dy solp ohvb 0x0 tob strbtgobrs hrb alefb weto :-ef.-`b

hf`-tbflf alefts. Pob tlp es sbgurb` tltoht hrb dlrtesb` tl set lf tbflfs gut elc tob ibks. [b ohvb rbefclrgb` hii tobpbrslf jbfgobs weto grlss jrhgefk‐jbf` hf` se`b tl se`b. H jbfgo solui` hisl jb obhvy. Pob c

bxbrtb uplf h jbfgo ghf flt lfiy rhhisl dhnb et sie b hrluf` tob solp. Gojbfgo woeib tryefk tl wlrn wll` es vcrustrhtefk. H obhvy jbfgo es dlrb ienput. H toegn tlp es lfb why tl grbhtb wtlp lc dy ihrkb alefbr's jbfgo (sbb tobibct) es ef.-toegn jbbgo, hf` hii lc l

duitepib-pbrslf jbfgobs (sbb tob polrbquerb clur pblpib tl i e c t tobd shcbiy.sldb lc ylur tllis uf`br tob jbfgo eskll` why tl h`` wbekot. E stlrb dy w

Ilw jbfgo clr ohf`wlrn. ]ihfefk dlièfks, golppefk dlrtesbs hf` aleftefk jlhr`s hii rb-

querb ilts lc uppbr-jl`y strbfkto. H ilw jbfgo‐tob lfb ef tob poltl es 78 ef. oeko‐hiilws

tob hutolr tl put h ilt lc dusgib eftl oes dltelfs.

Oeko jbfgo clr d hgoefefk. Jbfgotlp dhgoefbs gldb w eto tober lwf olrsbplwbr, sl tob

t ' t kto e i t ci Wie e k j tt ` to i ` o e ` to



Z u i b s l c P o u d j (glftefub`)

Kbt tob obekot aust rekot. Pl btbrdefb tob prlpbr

wlrnjbfgo obekot, sthf` weto ylur hrd ohfkefk

jy ylur se`b. Jbf` ylur wrest sl toht ylur phid

es chgefk `lwf.

ohf`p ihfbs, hjlut := lc tobd, lf h sobic toht

sphfs tob se`b strbtgobrs. Ulu ghf hisl sbgurb tob jbfgo tl tob cillr tl

nbbp et crld dlvefk. Dy sdhii alefbr's jbfgo esihkkb` tl tob wll`bf cillr. Ec ylu ohvb h glfgrbtb cillr, ylu dhy fbb` tl `reii olibs ef ethf` usb ihk soebi`s. Ef toes ghsb, jb surb tlilghtb tob jbfgo ef tob dlst bserhjib ilghtelf.

Goher dhnefk rbquerbs h ilt lc sohpefk. [obf h stu`bft wlu i` puii tob `rhw nfecb, tob jbfgowlui` cliilw. [b glrrbgtb` toes jy pihgefk gibhts hkhefst tob ibks hf` sgrbwefk tobd tl tobcillr. Hf` tob gibhts ohvb hfltobr h`vhfthkb. Hitoluko ilw‐lfiy

ef. toegn‐toby nbbp h ilt lc tob sohvefks prlùgb` ef tob solpcrld wlrnefk tober why uf`br tob jbfgo, dhnefk gibhf up bhsebr. Ulur jbfgo solui` jb sezb` hpprlprehtbiy tl ylur wlrn. H

jbfgotlp ohs torbb edplrthft edbfselfs1 ibfkto, we`to hfòbekot. Ec ylu w lrn weto ilfk pebgbs lc wll` , ylu whft h ilfk jbfgo. [obf E jueit dy alefbr's jbfgo, E whs `lefk h ilt lc olusbrbstlrhtelf. Hs h rbsuit, E whs dhnefk h ilt lc llrs hf` eftbrelrhf` bxtbrelr tred. Pob ?-ct.-ilfk tlp ghdb ef ohf`y clr toes wlrn. H jbfgo solui` jb we`b bfluko tl ohfìb tob aljs ylu

flrdhiiy `l. Dy alefbr's jbfgo es 7: ef. we`b. Poes es succeg ebft clrdlst lc tob gohers, thjibs lr ghrghsbs E ohvb jueit.

Jbfgo obekot es pbrohps tob dlst greteghi èdbfself. Et es lfbtoht es hisl vbry pbrslfhi Et vhrebs `bpbfèfk lf ylur dbtol`s

Hf ed dlvhjib jbhst. Pl nbbp oes jbfgobs crld rhgnefk, tob hutolr usbs `lvbt

èhklfhi jrhgbs. Gibhts sgrbwb` tl tob cillr prbvbft tob jbfgobs crld dlvefk.

dlstiy dhgoefb`, jbfgobs hrb kbfbrhiiy usb` clr hssbdPobsb jbfgobs tbf` tl ohvb oekobr wlrnefk surchgbs. Ooeko jbfgo dhnbs wlrnefk jy ohf` vbry ècceguit. Clr wobf pihfefk, ylu usb dusgibs ef ylur ibks hf` jhgn. Ljbfgo, ylu hrb dlrb iedetb` tl ylur hrd hf` solui`br`l h ilt lc ohf`w lrn, hf` clr toht rbhslf, E prbcbr h ilwDy ihrkb alefbr's jbfgo es lfiy 78 ef. oeko.

Pl btbrdefb jbfgo obekot, sthf` brbgt weto ylur hrdjy ylur se`b, hf` jbf` ylur wrest sl ylur phid es chgefPoes es h kll` obekot clr ylur jbfgo. Ec ylu `l h ilt lcjbfgotlp d hgoefbs, sugo hs h rlutbr lr h jesguet alefbrwhft tob jbfgo siekotiy oekobr. Zbdbdjbr toes1 Et's bhsytbdplrhry jilgns lr jhttbfs ec ylu whft tl rhesb tob wlobekot lc h jbfgo clr h phrteguihr prlabgt jut et's hwcuiiy



Z u i b s l c P o u d j JU DEGOHBI

S e s b s h rb h w l l ` w l r n b r ' s t o e r ` o h f `

E ohvb whtgob` h ilt lc crustrhtb` jbkeffefk wll`wlrnbrs ht-tbdpt tl shw h pebgb lc wll` woeib olièfk et hkhefst h wlrn-jbfgo weto tober crbb ohf` lr tober nfbb. E bvbf shw lfb èiekbft

kuy put h jlhr` lf h wlrnjbfgo, tobf set lf tob jlhr` woeib obtreb` tl dhnb h gut. ]ety toht hii lc tobd e`f't gihdp tober wlrn ef h vesb.

Sesbs hrb efèspbfshjib wll`wlrnefk tllis. Porluko tob `hy, h wll`wlrnbr ohs tl oli` hfy fudjbr lc toefks, sugo hs phrts lrtllis, sl toht ob ghf wlrn lf tobd.

@eccbrbf t styibs lc vesbs hrb dh`b clr h vhrebty lc èccbrbft pur-plsbs. Pous, tob ilfkbr ylu wlrn wll`, tob dlrb ienbiy ylu hrbtl lwf dlrb tohf lfb vesb. E sthrtb` weto lfb hf` flw ohvb sex.

Sesbs hrb glddlfiy jueit eftl wll`wlrnbrs' wlrnjbfgobs. H typeghi alefbr's jbfgo ohs twl‐ h se`b vesb hf` h thei vesb. H se`bvesb es usuhiiy dluftb` hilfk tob ibfkto lc h jbfgo hf` es kbfbr-

hiiy usb` clr olièfk jlhr`s lr phrts lf tober b`kbs. Olièfk h jlhr` clr aleftefk weto h ohf`pihfb es h glddlf alj clr tob se`bvesb. H thei vesb‐usuhiiy dluftb` lf tob bf` lc h jbfgo‐oli`sjlhr`s lr phrts ciht lf tob jbfgotlp (sbb tob ibct poltl jbilw). Et

es kbfbrhiiy usb` ef glfaufgtelf weto jbfgo`lks. ]ihfeshfèfk h jlhr`'s chgb hf` kiuefk phfbis hrb glddlf efvlivb tob thei vesb.

Ef dy goher-dhnefk sgolli's solp, wb usb twl ltobrvesbs lf h heiy jhses. Dy chvlretb, tob ghrrehkb vesb, es sdhgoefest's vesb jut es dh`b tl dugo dlrb bxhgtefk tliwhs dhfuchgturb` bhriy toes gbftury jy tob ]rbftesb Sestob gldphfy's ghthilk, toes dl`bi es iestb` hs h "wll`wvesb," jut et es eftbf`b` dlrb spbgeceghiiy cl r ghrrehkb d

Pob ahws hrb ht gobst ibvbi (sbb tob rekot poltl lf p. 8efk et bhsebr tl wlrn ef h sthfèfk plsetelf, woego es bsobipcu i clr cefb wlrn. Pob ahws' c hgb s hrb dhgoefb` cihtoby l flt dhr tob wlrn, bvbf wobf et es obi` vbry teksgrbw ohs vbry iettib jhgnihso, sl E ghf tekotbf hf` ills

ahws weto h ohic twest. E ohvb oh` tob ]rbftesb ghrrehkb-d

vesb clr :; ybhrs. Et sbrvbs db hs h toer` ohf`, hf` wetolwlui` cbbi ohfèghppb`.Pob ltobr typb lc vesb usb` ef lur solp es tob Zbglr`

dl`bi es sl wbii nflwf hf` sl we`biy usb` jy wll`w

H thei vesb es clr wlrnefk wll` ciht lf

Golppefk dlrtesbs, chgb-pihfefk lr shf`

weto h thei vesb dluftb` sl toht tob sgrb

tob jbfgo's ibfkto. Pob vesb gihdps tob w

jbfgo`lk, tob dlvhjib squhrb pbk ht tob

tob fbw wll`.

H se`b vesb es usb` clr wlrnefk tob b

h jlhr`. Pob hutolr glpeb` tob twef-sg

clr kreppefk ilfk jlhr s woeib wlrnefk

hf hftequb jbfgo. We`b vesbs hrb dluf



Z u i b s l c P o u d j (glftefub`)

We`b vesbs lf tob bf

Clr oes [ef`slr-goher-

bs, tob hutolr dluftb

27B vesbs lf tob solrt

jbfgo (ibct), woego hiil

wlrn lcc tob glrfbr lc

[lrnefk tob ilfk b`kb

bhsy weto thf`bd-dlu

bvbrywobrb toht et es tob sthf`hr` h``-lf ghst-erlf jbfgo vesb.

H lfgb-plpuihr typb, phttbrf-dhnbr's vesbs wbrb dh`b ef ihrkbfudjbrs hf` ghf steii jb cluf` (toluko toby'rb bxpbfsevb). ]ht-tbrf dhnbrs wlrnb` w eto errbkuihr sohpbs hf` crbqubftiy fbb`b`tl rbvlivb tob wlrn tl pihgb et ef hf h`vhfthkblus plsetelf. Pobervesbs wbrb chr dlrb cibxejib hf` gldpieghtb` tohf tolsb usb` jy ltobr jrhfgobs lc wll`wlrnefk. Sbreths dhnbs h dl`brf vbr-self lc h phttbrf-dhnbr's vesb ghiib` tob Pugnbr Sesb.

Rsb h vesb tl ylur h`vhfthkb [obf E veset ltobr solps lr whtgo stu`bfts ht wlrn, E ljsb rvbtwl glddlf prljibds. Dhfy wll`wlrnbrs usb vesbs toht hrbefh`bquhtb, lr toby crbqubftiy `l flt usb tober vesbs tl tober jbst

h`vhfthkb. [ohtbvbr typb lc vesb lr vesbs hrb rbquerb` ef ylurwlrn, toby solui` hii jb oeko quhiety hf` strlfk. ([bhn vegbs hrbspbiib` èccbrbftiy.) Et es hisl usuhiiy h kll` jbt tl juy h jrhf`ylu rbglkfezb. Ulu weii flt jb wbii sbrvb` jy h iekotwbekot lruf`brsezb` vesb. Hgquerefk h kll` vesb usuhiiy dbhfs spbfèfk tob ilfk `liihr. Olwbvbr, tob efvbstdbft weii phy ève bf`s clrhs ilfk hs ylu wlrn wll`.

Rsefk h vesb tl ets jbst h`vhfthkb es h rbkuihr phrt lc lur gihss-rlld efstrugtelf. Et es bhsebr tl wlrn wll` ec et es sbgurbiy ob i`jy tob vesb. Jut hvle` wlrnefk ef h why toht hiilws tob phrt tlcibx. Et es usuhiiy jbst tl ilwbr tob wll` ylu hrb wlrnefk lf hschr eftl tob vesb hs plssejib sl toht et lbsf't prlabgt h ilt. Pry tln o ne i o a eji

Wdllto lpbrhtlr. Poes

hftequb ]rbftesb vesb (rekot)ohs sdllto chgbs toht wlf't

dhr wll`.

Et `lbsf't dhttbr wobtobr tob whstb lr tob pebgb ylu efk kbts gihdpb` eftl tob vesb‐ wohtbvbr oli`s jbttbr esefsthfgb, ec ylu hrb guttefk tob whstb lcc tob bf` lc h turìb, woego wlui` jb ohr` tl gihdp sbgurbiy jbghusb lcefks, et weii jb bhsebr tl gihdp tob whstb pebgb ef tob veoli` tob spefìb ef ylur ohf` hs ylu shw weto ylur lto Hf` ec ylu ohvb tl aleft pebgbs tll sdhii tl ruf hgrlss h

gihdp h #; aleftbr pihfb upse`b lwf ef h vesb hf` puspebgb lvbr et. [eto h iettib clrbtolukot, vesbs ghf jb h`hptb` tl jbttb

ylur fbb`s. Ef lur sgolli, wb ghf flt prlve`b bhgo stu`sbvbrhi typbs lc vesbs, sl wb ohvb dluftb` Zbglr` 27Bvbrshteib why toht hiilw s tobd tl pbrclrd hii tob aljs wsugo hs olièfk goher sbhts clr pihfefk, turfb` ibks clr `spefìbs clr sohpefk. Dhfy solps dluft h jbfgo vesb ljbfgo's ilfk b`kb hf` sbt et ef crld tob glrfbr. Lurs hrlf tob jbfgo's solrt bf` hf` rekot lf tob glrfbr, Poes htl usb tobd hs h thei vesb clr pihfefk. H rlw lc `lk olibhiekfb` weto tob vesb's `lk (woego es dluftb` ef tob lua ) H ` o a e e i e i





@LRKIHW CEZ

[LZNJBFGO

Pl defedezb glsts, tob hut

deiib` wlrnjbfgo s tlgn cr

@lukihs cer crhdefk iudjb

shwefk gibhr sbgtelfs crld

gbftbr lc :xiLs hf :xi:

Pob jbfgo es chstbfb` wet

`rywhii sgrbws hf` ihk jl

Wex pepb gihdps ef èccbrbfglfcekurhtelfs hrb usb` hs

Lhn jilgns sphf thei-vesb

gihdps. Pob sgrbw bf`s l

pepb gihdps hrb sgrbwb` tl

tob bf` lc tob jbfgo torluk

olibs `reiib` ef tob gihdp c

]epbs rbst lf jilgns toh

Phei-vesb pepb gihdps hrb s

b` jy jilgns chstbfb` weto

sgrbw. Pl sie`b h gihdp phs

tob jilgn.

Crlft gihdps hrb bhsy tl

aust. Pob gihd ps cet ef olib

jbfgo crlft hf` hrb sbgurb

ihrkb whsobrs hf` spbb` p



Wieèfk obekot hàustdbft. ]epb-gihdp thei-

pebgbs sie`b lf ghst-erlf pepbs obi` ghptevb eftob tlp hf` jlttld lc tob jbfgo. H P-sohpb`

@lukihs cer pihfefk jbhd re`bs lf tob gihdps.

slivb` hii lr bvbf dlst lc tob prljibds Eoh` bfgluftbrb` ef :2 ybhrs lc wll`-

wlrnefk. Crustrhtb`, E cefhiiy `bge`b` tl `b-sekf h jbfgo crld tob krluf` up. Ht cerst E oh` fl suggbss. H `bsekf wlui`

h``rbss lfb prljibd jut flt hfltobr, lr et wlui` jb ch r tll gldpibx. E w hs hjlut tlkevb up hf` juei` h trhètelfhi Kbrdhf

jbfgo wobf E ghdb up weto h `bsekf tohtefglrplrhtbs pepb gihdps eftl tob jbfgo'stlp, tob crlft hprlf hf` bvbf tob ibks.

]ihfefk jbhd sie`bs lf pepbsLf tob crlft lc tob jbfgo es hf hàusthjib,P-sohpb` pihfefk jbhd toht rufs tob cuiiibfkto lc tob jbfgo. Et es supplrtb` lf jltobf`s jy tob sieèfk theipebgbs lc ]lfy pepbgihdps. Pob -ef. ghst-erlf pepbs lf woegotob gihdps sie`b hrb efglrplrhtb` eftl tobjbfgo's ibks. E usb` ]lfy gihdps torluko-

lut toes prlabgt jbghusb toby hrb wb ii dh`bhf` sie`b hf` ilgn vbry sdlltoiy.Pob pihfefk jbhd glftefulusiy supplrts

tob cuii ibfkto lc h jlhr` sthfèfk lf b`kb.Pob stlgn clr tob pihfefk jbhd ghf jb hsfhrrlw hs : ef. hf` hs we`b hs 7= ef. Pobpihfefk jbhd ghf jb sbt tl hfy plsetelf efsbglf`s. Lc hii lc tob jbfgo's cbhturb s, tobpihfefk jbhd es tob dlst usbcui. E usb et`lzbfs lc tedbs `heiy wobf jueièfk h pebgb lc curfeturb. Ulu'vb prljhjiy fltegb` toht tobrb es fl

c e o j ` j e

pihfb`. Efstbh`, tob clrgb lc tob pihfbpusobs tob wlrnpebgb eftl h thpbrb` pihf-efk wb`kb htthgob` tl tob chr i bct bf` lc tobjbfgo. Poes es hf hfgebft `bvegb, hf` cl rohf`pihfefk et es chr dlrb prhgteghi tohfhfy vesb. Ulu ghf ciep tob jlhr` bf` clrbf` lr turf tob ltobr b`kb up ef hf efsthft

weto lfb ohf`. Ulu `lf't bvbf ohvb tl put`lwf ylur pihfb.

Pl dhnb h solui`br vesb wobf fbb`b` , E`reiib olibs 3 ef. lf-gbftbr hilfk tobjbfgo's crlft rhei tl dluft pepb gihdpsolrezlfthiiy. E pher up twl gihdps weto h `rlp-ef vesb ahw, w oego es aust h ibfkto lc

-ef. squhrb ohr`wll`. Pob ahw ghf jbhs solrt hs ? ef. lr ilfkbr tohf 3 ct. E ohvbsbvbrhi ahws lc èccbrbft ibfktos.

Pob crlft vesb ghf jb usb` weto tob pihf-efk jbhd supplrtefk tob wlrnpebgb crldjbilw. Poes es usbcui jbghu sb sldb prlgb-

ùrbs, sugo hs golppefk d lrtesb wlrn `l wfw hr` torluko tobglfvbftelfhi vesb, sghrrefk tob

Prhètelfhi thei vesbes rbpihgb` weto pepb gihdpsLf tob jbfgo's tlp, twl pepb-hrb rbgbssb` eftl h i=-ef.-we`pihgefk h glfvbftelfhi thei vesb

`lks. Pob gihdp-tekotbfefk sgrcrld tob rekot bf` lc tob jbfgdlvhjib ahws prlabgt ef. hjlJlto tob cexb` hf` dlvhjib ahwchgbs. Poes gihdp sbtup dhnbsoli` `lwf jlhr`s clr surchgb-pghusb fltoefk prlabgts hjlvb tsurchgb tl clui tob tlli. Pob tlpohvb h g ihdpefk ghphg ety lc aust

Jilgns lc wll` supplrt tob plfb es sgrbwb` tl tob crhdb lc



Iect-lut D@C phfbis. Pob phfbis, gut ef èccbr-

bft ibfktos crld D@C sgrhps, dhnb h ùrhjib ybt ` esplshjib gbftbr surchgb clr tob jbfgo.

Pob phfbis kbt rbdlvb` wobf tob thei-vesb

pepb gihdps hrb ef usb.

weto h `rywhii sgrbw . Pob sefkib sgrbw hi-ilws bhgo jilgn tl swefk lut lc tob why lc tob pepb-gihdp theipebgbs hs toby hrb sie` tlhgglddl`htb ilfk wlrn.

Pob tlp pepb gihdps g hf hisl jb usb`tl oli` phfbis ef pihgb toht ohvb ltobrtllis pbrdhfbftiy htthgob`, sugo hs h vesb

lr hf bibgtreg kref`br. E ohvb h teitefk `reii-prbss vesb htthgob` tl h squhrb lc dbèud-`bfsety cejbrjlhr` (D@C) toht E gihdp tltob jbfgo clr dbthiwlrnefk lr clr olièfk h pebgb lc wll` tl jb ghrvb`. E pihf tl `b-sekf h `rlp-ef rlutbr thjib clr tob jbfgo>tobrb's bfluko sphgb jbtwbbf tob pepb-gihdp jhrs tl cet h sdhii dhgoefb. [ obf tob tlp gihd ps hrbf't ef usb , tob

wbii es glvbrb` jy sbvbrhi sbgtelf s lc -ef.D@C toht sedpiy `rlp ef hf` ihy lf tlp lc tob pepbs. Jbghusb D@C es sl efbxpbfsevb,

E trbht tob phfbis hs shgrecegehi surchgbs. E guteftl tobd, sgrbw aeks tl tobd, w ohgn tobdweto h ohddbr, hf` wobf toby kbt tllgobwb` up, E tlss tobd. Pl shvb dy jhgn, Ejuy prbgut D@C dbhft clr sobivefk> etgldbs betobr 8: ef. lr 83 ef. we`b. P oes prb-gut stlgn es usbcui clr hii dhffbr lc aeks hf`prltltypbs, hf` E hiwhys ohvb h cbw ibfktos hrluf` tob solp.

@lukihs cer dhn bs h slie` jbfgoPob jbfgo, h s E jueit et, es ? ct. ilfk hf` w hs

wlrn, sugo h s `llrs hf` ltobr h rgoetbgtur-hi deiiwlrn. Pob `bsekf ghf jb solrtbfb`lr ibfktobfb`, hf` et glui` jb rbvbrsb`bf` clr bf` ec ylu hrb ibct-ohf`b`.

E jueit tob jbf go lut lc @lukihs cer ef-stbh` lc ohr`w ll`. @lukihs ce r ht ets jbst esh `bfsb, sthjib wll` toht dhgoefbs gibhf-iy hf` oli`s chstbfbrs wbii, edplrthft ht-trejutbs kevbf tob why E whftb` tl

hssbdjib tob jbfgo. [ e`b pihf ns‐ :xi=s hf` :xi :s‐ lc @lu-

kihs cer crhdefk iudjbr weii lctbf jb shwfrekot lut lc tob gbftbr lc tob ilk, hf` h ohic lr dlrb lc tob jlhr` weii jb quhrtbrshwfhf` nflt crbb, weto tekot, strhekot krhef.Jy ghrbcuiiy gollsefk hf` reppefk tobsbpihfns, ylu ghf kbt sldb jbhutecui dhtbre-hi clr h ilt ibss tohf tob pregb lc bvbfdbèlgrb curfeturb wll`s. Wldb lc tobtreddb`-lut wll` toht esf't kll` bflukoclr tob jbfgo ghf steii jb usb` clr ltobr

prlabgts sugo hs sobivbs lr shwolrsbs.Ec ylu sthrt weto krbbf iudjbr, stegnbr et

clr h cbw dlftos tl kbt tob dlesturb glf-tbft `lwf. Pl prbvbft gobgnefk , tred tobbf`s tl kbt h gibhf surchgb hf` tobf hppiy ùgt thpb lvbr tob bf` krhef. Bvbf ec ylusthrt weto neif-`reb` wll`, kevb et h glupiblc wbbns ef`llrs tl sthjeiezb jbclrb sthrt-efk tl gut. Rsb tob jbst wll` clr tob crhdb,jbfgotlp hf` jbhd, shvefk ibssbr quhiety stlgn clr tob ibk hssbdjiy.

Wgrbw alefbry es chst hf` strlfkDy dbtol` lc hssbdjiefk tob jbfgo w eto`rywhii sgrbws hf` ihk sgrbws (hf` flcettb`-hf`-kiub` alefbry) es ufglfvbftelf-hi, jut E'vb usb` toes styib lc glfstrugtelfclr ybhrs. Pob cefesob` jbfgo es rlgn slie`,hf` tob alefbry klbs quegniy.

Dlst lc tob sgrbws wbrb gluftbrjlrb` weto h -ef. `rei i, sldbtedbs quetb `bbpiy,tl jrefk tob sgrbw obh`s ef. soy lc tobb`kb jbefk alefb`. Lf tob 7-ef.-we`b,b`kb-aleftb` jbfgotlp jlhr`s, tob gluf-

tbrjlrb es ef. bbp. Pob bbp jlrb def-edezbs tob hdluft lc wll` uf`br tobsgrbw obh`, woego ef turf defedezbs tobillsbfefk lc tob aleft hs tob stlgn sorefns. Hctbr `reiiefk tob gluftbrjlrb, cliilw up

weto h ilfk jet tl `reii h g ibhrhfgb olib clrtob sgrbw sohfn. Po bf iefb up tob pebgbs tljb alefb` hf` efsthii tob sgrbws h glupib lc turfs tl dhrn tob gbftbrs, `reii peilt olibs httob dhrns ef tob hàlefefk pebgb hf` hs-sbdjib tob jbfgo.

Lfb lc tob h`vhfthkbs lc toes typb lc

tob alefts illsbf up, ylu ghf rbvbrytoefk ef h cbw defutbs weto `revbr. E è` toes hjlut h dlfto sbdjiefk tob jbfgo, hf` et ohs sthybvbr sefgb. @lf't lvbrtekotbf tobBxgbssevbiy grusoefk tob wll` ufsgrbw's obh` ruefs tob rbseiebfgb ilws h aleft tl cibx siekotiy hf` rbdh

Pob nbyo lib silts ef tob ibks hf`

br hrb cufgtelfhi> hs tob jlhr`s sorehiilw tob wll` tl cibx wetolut grhgbccbgt, toby hrb prbbdptevb grhgns th ilt jbttbr tohf tob lfbs toht wlurhf`ldiy ltobrwesb. [obf ylu efihk jlits, `reii gibhrhfgb hf` peihf` kl bhsy lf tob tlrqub wobf ylbf tobd up. Pob aleft weii jb strylu `lf't lvbrstrbss tob torbh`sstrbtgobr's bf` krhef.

Olrezlfthi gihdps ruf cuii ibfkto. H

pepb gihdps, ruffefk uf`br tob jbfgo

wlrn ef tob shdb why hs h trhètelfhi

Pob pepbs usb` weto tob gihdps iy weto h ohgnshw lr h sdhii pepbClr tob sdlltobst lpbrhtelf lc tobgibhf up hfy jurrs hilfk tob ibfktopepb weto h ceib hf` tobf sdllto

weto bdbry phpbr. Poes es h dbssytelf, grbhtefk h sthefefk jihgn ùst,hwhy crld ylur wll`wlrnefk hrb`lwf bhgo pepb weto h rhk hf` phefbr wobf ylu hrb `lfb.

Al of [ o etb nb bps to b C efb [ll` wlrnefk



H [ lrnjbfgo Poht [ lrnH sdhii tlp wetolut h thei vesb

ohs sbrvb` toes dhstbr curfeturb dhnbr

clr torbb `bgh`bs

E

f tob bhriy 85;=s, ohvefk gldpibtb` dy trhefefk ef cur-feturb dhnefk, E cluf` dysbic

ef fbb` lc h wlrnjbfgo. E cekurbÈ'` dhnb lfb toht wlui` jb ihrkbbfluko tl oli` hii lc dy ohf`tllis hf` sdhii bfluko tl dlvb,kubssefk toht et wlui` jb sldbtedb jbclrb E sbttib` `lwf. E

whftb` hf hii-purplsb jbfgo clrpihfefk, sgrhpefk, guttefk alefts,ghrvefk hf` cefesoefk. Glst whs h glfgbrf jbghusb tobrb whs h sibw lc tllis hf` dhgoefbry E whftb`tl juy, sl E bge`b` flt tl usb hfy

chfgy lr bxpbfsevb ohr`wll`s efets glfstrugtelf. Clr tob lrekefhijbfgo, E golsb jergo (stur`y hf`gobhp) clr tob tlp hf` tob crhdb,hf` E usb` glfstrugtelf-krh`bcer piywll` clr tob se`b phfbis.Poht cerst vbrself whs h iettib lftob ilw se`b, sl E ihtbr glrrbgtb`tob prljibd jy guttefk `lwf toblrekefhi tlp hf` h`èfk h fbw dhpib sihj lvbr et.

Pob rbihtevbiy sdhii sezb lc tob

jbfgo dhnbs et gldclrthjib tl usb. Rfienb dhfy ihrkbr jbfgobs, Eghf bhseiy rbhgo h wlrnpebgb rbstefk lf tob tlp crld hii se`bs lc tob jbfgo. Et oli`s hidlst hii lc dy ohf` tllis‐lr ht ibhst tob lfbsE usb tob dlst‐nbbpefk tobd wbii wetoef rbhgo. Hisl, toes jbfgoes sdhii bfluko toht et ghf jb dlvb` hrluf` tob solp wobf fbb`-b`. Ilh`b` up weto tllis, et's obhvy bfluko tl sthy ef pihgb woeibE'd usefk et. Jut E ghf jrbhn et `lwf eftl dhfhkbhjib pebgbs, ec fbb` jb, jy rbdlvefk tob `rhwbrs hf` tob tlp. E whs phrteguihriy kih` hjlut toes cbhturb wobf E oh` tl sbt et up ef dy cerst hphrtdbftef h toer`-cillr htteg sphgb wobrb E wlrnb` clr h woeib.

Ef tob glfstrugtelf lc tob ghsb, E usb` dlrtesb-hf`-tbflf alefts weto pefs clr hii lc tob crhdb pebgbs, torluko- hf` jief -`lvbtheis

jueit dlst lc tob crhdjergo, hf` E usb` 0/0 j`rhwbr ève`brs, tob g

telf hf` tob rhwbr crelfb` tob se`b p

-ef.-toegn cer piywlrhjjbts toht wbrb gujhgn b`kbs lc tob ibk@rhwbr ruffbrs‐altbflfs eftl dlrtesbs ebr ève`brs‐hrb obi` crhdb jy h sgrbw ef totlp es ?/0 dhpib, repp

we`tos toht E kiub` tb`kb clr strbfkto hf`

Pl dhnb tob jbfgo`tob tlp, E gut h sbrebs-ef. `h`lbs jbclrb

tob tlp. E hisl gut tob`h`lbs lf bvbry toer`plsetelf toht wlui` itob `lk lf tob vesb, chstbfb` tl tob tlp. Polc tob tlp es sugo toolibs hrb gibhr lc tob toby `lf't jbgldb gishwùst. Hisl, E fbb`

ohfk clr gihdpefk wlrnpebgbs tl tob thjib. Pob lvbrose`b hjlvb tob `rhwbrs es sdhiibr sl toht et lbsf't rbstrtob tllis ef tob tlp `rhwbrs. Pob fbw tlp es sbgurb`lrekefhi tlp (toht E gut lwf tl sbrvb hs h sujtlp) crld

weto ihk sgrbws, hf` toht sujtlp es sbgurb` weto torluko tob tlp rheis lc tob jhsb ghjefbt.

Poes jbfgo cufgtelfs quetb fegbiy. Pob vesb weii fl wlrnpebgbs jbtwbbf ets ahws, jut et ghf hisl oli` tobtob `lk lf tlp lc tob vesb hf` lfb pihgb` eftl tob jsldbtedbs sbt up wlrnpebgbs, sugo hs phfbis tl jb pihftoby rbst hkhefst h toeffbr jhttbf toht sphfs twl `lks. [up E fbb` tl iect dy pihfb lf tob rbturf strlnb tl prbvb

JU ]O E I I L [B

Wdhii jut stur`y. Poes wlrnjbfgo es hidlst 7= ybhrs li`, hf` et's

steii usb` `heiy clr hii chgbts lc curfeturb dhnefk .



Lut lc oh

why. [obf

flt fbb`b

toes 7-ct. W

rbtt strhek

b`kb ievbs

silt uf`br

jbfgotlp.

@rhwbrs `l dlrb tohf

oli` toefks. Ef gldjefh-

telf weto tob vesb, toby hisl

supp lrt wlrnpebgbs sugohs toes ihrkb dholkhfy

ghrghsb pebgb.

Olw et's usb` hf` woht et oli`s

Poes jbfgotlp's sdhii sezb ( ef. jy ef.) jbiebs ets vbrshteiety. Pob hutolr's

dlst-lctbf-usb` ohf` tllis cet gldphgtiy jut gldclrthjiy ef stlrhkb uf br tob

tlp. Ihylut tllis, goesbis, pihfbs hf splnbsohvbs, shws, rhsps, ceibs, sgrhpbrs,

shf efk jilgns, ohddbrs hf ghrvefk tllis hii ohvb spbgeceg oldbs. Pobrb's bvbf

h splt clr lfb vbry bssbftehi tlli‐h giepjlhr tl rbglr jeiihjib olurs lc tedb

spbft lf aljs ef tob solp.

Bvbry tlli ohs ets pihgb.

Pob glftbfts lc bhgo `rhwbr

hrb gustld-cet

lr b`kbs lc phfbis lr ilfk jlhr`s, E usb tob vesb tl oli` tob wlrn-pebgb hf` lfb lc tob rhwbrs uf`brfbhto tl supplrt et.

Illnefk jhgn ht tob fudjbr lc pebgbs E'vb jueit lf toes jbfgohf` rbdbdjbrefk tob fudjbr lc wlrnsphgbs et ohs efohjetb`, E rb-hiezb olw wbii et ohs sbrvb` db hii tobsb dhfy ybhrs. E'd sldb-tedbs hsnb` olw E glui` kbt jy weto sugo h rbihtevbiy sdhii tlp hf`wetolut h thei vesb. E ohvb tob h`ètelfhi wlrn surchgb lc h cli`-`lwf thjib fbhr tob jbfgo toht E usb tl ihy lut hf` lrkhfezb phrtslc curfeturb E'd wlrnefk lf. Hf` E olfbstiy ohvbf't cbit tob fbb`

ghf prluìy shy toht E ohvb fbvbr `revbf h fhei eftl tob tlp thfytoefk ef pihgb. Pobrb es lfb toefk E wlui` gohfkb ec E wdhnb toes jbfgo hkhef. Pob negn sphgb jbtwbbf tob jlttlhf` tob cillr es tll sdhii, rbsuitefk ef hf lgghselfhi phef ef dtlb. Hisl, sldb`hy E'` ienb tl rbpihgb tob cer piywll` se`b

weto sldbtoefk h jet dlrb httrhgtevb, jut E `lf't edhkefb toohppbf uftei dy `hukotbrs cefeso sgolli.

]oei Ilws juei`s hf` rbstlrbs curfeturb ef Jbvbriy, Dhss., wobrb ob tb

Pob vesb es hf

hàusthjib

gihdp. H sbrebs

lc jbfgo`lk

olibs ef tob tlp

iefb up weto tob

gbftbr lc tob

vesb clr gihdp-

efk wlrnpebgbs

lc vhryefk

ibfktos.

Wbgurefk tob

wlrnpebgb weto-

lut gihdps. H

ohr`wll` jhttbf

toeffbr tohf tob

wlrnpebgb jutts

hkhefst twljbfgo`lks ef

tob tlp tl sbrvb

hs h stlp.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/woodworking-workbenchespdf 26/8973 C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

H Jbfgo Jueit tl IhstPoes wlrnjbfgo ohs h we`b tlp hf` h stur`y jhsb toht prlve`

slie` clltefk hf` pibfty lc stlrhkb sphgb

J U @ E G N D G @ L F L R K O

w


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/woodworking-workbenchespdf 27/89D H U / A R F B : =]oltls, bxgbpt wobrb fltb`1 Pld Jbkfhi

c toes wlrnjbfgo pihyb` clltjhii, E―d gbrthef et wlui` jb hiefbdhf. Jbghusb, ienb tob kuhr`s hf` thgnibs cluf` lf tob

kreèrlf, dy jbfgo es jek hf` slie`. Hf` E wlui`f―t ohvb et

hfy ltobr why.Dlst lc dy wlrn efvlivbs tob chjreghtelf lc ihrkb ghsb kll`s‐

bftbrthefdbft gbftbrs, jllnghsbs hf` ltobr typbs lc stlrhkb curfe-turb. Hf` hitoluko dugo lc tob dhgoefb wlrn kbts `lfb usefk h

thjibshw hf` rlutbr, E steii `l h kll` `bhi lc wlrn ht tob jbfgo. Wl wobf et whs tedb tl rbpihgb dy li`br, sdhiieso hf` sldbwoht regn-

bty wlrnjbfgo, E lptb` tl dhnb h fbw lfb weto hii tob jbiis hf`

woestibs. Pob jbfgo wlui` prlve`b pibfty lc sezb hf` sturèfbss.Wturèfbss es tob lpbrhtevb wlr` obrb. Ef`bb`, fl dhttbr olw hk-

krbssevb E kbt weto h shw, h ohf`pihfb lr h dhiibt hf` goesbi, tob

jbfgo `lbsf―t wljjib. Pob rbsuit es h wlrnjbfgo toht ohs austhjlut bvbrytoefk E fbb`.

Pob supbrsezb` tlp es hfltobr edplrthft cbhturb. [eto hjlut

:: sq. ct. lc surchgb hrbh, tob tlp es krbht clr supplrtefk ilfk jlhr`shf` we`b sobbt kll`s. Pwl bf` vesbs, h crlft vesb hf` h solui`br

vesb, hilfk weto h sdhii hrdy lc jbfgo`lk olibs, dhnb et bhsy tlsbgurb hidlst hfy sezb stlgn tl tob jbfgo.

Dy jbfgo es glfse`brb` ibct-ohf`b`, jhsb` lf tob ilghtelf lctob solui`br vesb. Ec ylu prbcbr h rekot-ohf`b` jbfgo, aust juei` tob

solui`br vesb lf tob rekot se`b.

Pob jhsb grbhtbs h stur`y cluf`htelfPob jbfgo lwbs dugo lc ets sturèfbss tl tob `bsekf lc tob jhsb.

Ubt ets glfstrugtelf es prbtty strhekotclrwhr`. Et ohs aust cevb dhefphrts1 torbb supplrt crhdbs hf` h pher lc jlxbs. Wgrbwefk tob

crhdbs hf` jlxbs tlkbtobr grbhtbs h sefkib, rlgn-slie` ufet toht ghf

hggbpt hidlst hfy nef` lc tlp. Hf` tob twl jlxbs prlve`b h tlf lc

sphgb clr h`èfk ghjefbts lr `rhwbrs.Pob gbftbr hf` rekot-se`b supplrt crhdbs hrb e`bfteghi. Jut tl

prlve`b h`ètelfhi supplrt clr tob solui`br vesb, tob ibct-se`b sup-

plrt crhdb es ilfkbr hf` ohs hf bxtrh ibk. E h``b` sbvbf obhvy-ùty ibvbibrs‐lfb uf`br bhgo ibk lc tob supplrt crhdb.

Pl sedpiecy tob glfstrugtelf lc tob jhsb, E dh`b jlto piywll`

jlxbs tob shdb sezb. Poby cet sfukiy jbtwbbf tob tlp rhei hf` tobcllt lc tob crhdbs, woego h``s rekeèty tl tob jhsb.

Ec ylu efgiu`b `rhwbrs ef lfb lc tob jlxbs, hs E è`, gut tob `h-

`lbs clr tob `rhwbr-supplrt gibhts, tobf kiub tob gibhts eftl tob`h`lbs jbclrb tob jlx es hssbdjib`.

Lfgb tob supplrt crhdbs hf` jlxbs wbrb put tlkbtobr, E whs

hjib tl hssbdjib tob jhsb wetolut dugo cuss. Pob jlxbs jutt

hkhefst tob ibks, weto tob jlttld lc tob jlxbs sedpiy rbstefk lf tobfhrrlw iep hilfk tob ibfkto lc tob cllt. Htthgoefk tob jlxbs tl

tob crhdbs whs h dhttbr lc `revefk cevb wll` sgrbws torluko tobefse`b lc tob jlx hf` eftl bhgo lc tob ibks.

Lfgb tob jhsb whs jueit, E dlvb` et tl ets cefhi ilghtelf. Fbxt E

ibvbib` tob tlp surchgb usefk wefèfk stegns hf` tob sbvbf ibvbibrs.

Pobf E whs rbh`y tl juei` tob tlp rekot lf tob jhsb.

Pob tlp es c iht hf` ùrhjibPob tlp ohs torbb dhef phrts. Pobrb―s h gbftbr sbgtelf dh`b crld

vbfbbrb` phrtegibjlhr`. Htthgob` tl tob gbftbr sbgtelf hrb twl

D H U / A R F

H vhrebty lc vesbs hf` hdpib stlrhkE

Wolui`br ves

gihdpefk lpPob ihgn lc h

sgrbw jbtwbb

surchgbs dhn

solui`br vesb

bspbgehiiy ohf

h jlhr` dust

gihdpb` vbrte

Crlft vesb es

Rsb` ef glfau

weto rluf` jb

tob crlft vesb

ibts tob hutol

gldclrthjiy c

bf` lc tob jbf

@rhwbrs khilrb. Pob sohiilw tlp `rhwbr prlve`bs h pbrcbgt pih

tob hutolr tl stlrb oes chvlretb goesbis.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/woodworking-workbenchespdf 28/897? C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

3-ef.-we`b b`kefks‐lfb ef crlft, tob ltobr ef jhgn‐hf` jlto

dh`b crld kiub`-up slie` dhpib.

Wthrt weto tob gbftbr sbgtelf‐Pl obip nbbp glsts uf`br glf-

trli, E chgb-kiub` torbb pebgbs lc phrtegibjlhr` tlkbtobr‐h 2 ⁀ ?-ef.-toegn pebgb shf`wegob` jbtwbbf twl 7 ⁀ 0-ef.-toegn pebgbs.

Cerst, E alefb` lfb lc tob 7 ⁀ 0-ef.-toegn pebgbs tl tob 2 ⁀ ?-ef.-toegn

pebgb, dhnefk surb hii lc tob b`kbs wbrb ciuso. Pobf, E usb` h 2 ⁀ ?-ef.-èh. glrb-jlx jet tl gut torbb 2 ⁀ ?-ef.-`bbp krllvbs hgrlss tob uf`br-

se`b lc tob 2 ⁀ ?-ef.-toegn phrtegibjlhr`. [obf tob rbdhefefk pebgb lc phrtegibjlhr` whs h``b`, tob krllvb prlùgb` h 2 ⁀ ?-ef. sbdegergu-

ihr olib, woego hgglddl`htb` h torbh`b` rl` toht obips sbgurbtob slie`-dhpib b`kefks.

H wlrnjbfgo tlp kbts h ilt lc wbhr hf` tbhr, sl E usb` h 7 ⁀ 83-ef.-

toegn vbfbbr lf tlp. Hf` tl dhnb surb hfy dlvbdbft strbssbs wlui` jb bquhi, E hisl vbfbbrb` tob jlttld.

Pl dhnb tob vbfbbr, E rbshwb` dhpib tl hjlut h 2 ⁀ 83-ef. toegnfbss

lf tob jhf`shw. E usb` h toegnfbss pihfbr tl jrefk tob dhtbrehi tlcefhi toegnfbss. Pobf E aleftb` lfb b`kb lc bhgo pebgb lc vbfbbr

hf` reppb` tob ltobr b`kb phrhiibi lf tob thjibshw.

Ht toes pleft, tob vbfbbr whs rbh`y tl jb hppieb` tl tob phrtegib-

jlhr`. Jut chgb` weto ohvefk tl vbfbbr sugo h ihrkb surchgb weto

toegn vbfbbr hf` wetolut h ilt lc gihdps, E usb` h sldbwoht uf-usuhi kiuefk-hf`-gihdpefk tbgofequb (sbb p. 08).

[e`b b`kefks hggbpt jbfgo`lks‐Pob we`b b`kefks toht ruf

hilfk tob crlft hf` jhgn lc tob jbfgo hrb dh`b lc slie` dhpib.

Poht why tob jbfgo`lks ohvb pibfty lc supplrt wobf ef usb.E rlutb` tob `h`lbs toht grbhtb tob lpbfefks clr tob rbgthfkuihr-

sohpb` jbfgo`lks jbclrb tob pebgbs wbrb kiub` tlkbtobr.

E hisl whftb` jbfgo`lks tl wlrn weto tob crlft vesb. Jut et whsklefk tl jb h ohssib tl golp lut hii lc tolsb squhrb dlrtesbs weto

h goesbi. ]ius, tob phrtegibjlhr` wlui`f―t oli` up wbii wobf tob

`lks klt squbbzb`. Wl E lptb` tl usb rluf` jbfgo`lks. Poht

why E sedpiy oh` tl jlrb h olib tl hggbpt et. Hf` tl rbefclrgb tobphrtegibjlhr`, E kiub` h solrt ibfkto lc 7 ⁀ 0-ef. glppbr whtbr pepb

eftl tob olib.

Porbb ibfktos lc 8 ⁀ :-ef.-èh. torbh`b` rl`, weto h whsobr hf` futlf bhgo bf`, sbgurb tob we`b, slie`-dhpib b`kefks tl tob vb-

fbbrb` gbftbr sbgtelf. Pob rl`s bxtbf` torluko tob ’olibs— ef tob

phrtegibjlhr` hf` eftl torluko-olibs ef tob b`kefks.Pl `reii tob torluko-olibs, E cerst gut bhgo pebgb lc b`kefk tl

H dhssevb tlp lf h stur`y dlùihr

Pl obip nbbp glsts uf`br glftrli, tob tlp es h oyjre`, h dex lc

dhpib, toegn vbfbbr hf` phrtegibjlhr`. Pob jhsb glfstrugtel

surpresefkiy sedpib‐h pher lc piywll` jlxbs shf`wegob` jbt

torbb crhdbs‐ybt tob sefkib ufet toht rbsuits es hs slie` hs h

@rhwefks1

Wie`br, ; ⁀ 83 ef. toegn

jy :7 ⁀ ? ef. we`b jy

8= ef. ilfk

Crlft vesb

Ilfk rhei hf` cllt,

:8 ⁀ : ef. squhrb jy

08 ef. ilfk

Rppbr ahgn

jlhr`, 88 ⁀ 0 ef.

toegn jy

27 ⁀ ? ef. we`b

jy 8?; ⁀ ? ef.

ilfk

Jlxbs hrb ciuso

weto lutse`b

b`kbs lc ibks.

Crhdb-hf`-

phfbi `llrs

Ilwbr ahgn jlhr`

es gut crld :-ef.-

toe gn jy 2 7 ⁀ ?-ef.-

we`b stlgn.

788 ⁀ 0 ef.

037 ⁀ ? ef.

727 ⁀ ? ef.

82 ef.

8:7 ⁀ ? ef.787 ⁀ 0 ef.

:2 ef.

08 ef.

708 ⁀ 0 ef.

5?7 ⁀ 0 ef.

;08 ⁀ : ef.

Zuffbr, 87 ⁀ 0 ef.

squhrb jy ?78 ⁀ 0 ef.

ilfk




http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/woodworking-workbenchespdf 30/890= C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

cefhi ibfkto. Pobf tl dhrn tob ilghtelf lc tob olibs ef tob b`kefks,E gihdpb` lfb pebgb tl tob gbftbr sbgtelf. E dh`b h gbftbr-pleft

dhrnbr jy `revefk h cefeso fhei ef tob bf` lc h ilfk, 8 ⁀ :-ef.-èh. `lw-

bi. Pob fhei dust jb gbftbrb` ef tob bf`. E rhf tob `lwbi torlukotob olibs ef tob phrtegibjlhr` hf` usb` tob fhei tl dhrn tob gbftbr

pleft lc tob olib ef tob b`kefk. Lfgb hii lc tob plefts wbrb

dhrnb`, E `reiib` hii lc tob olibs torluko bhgo pebgb lc b`kefk.Pob torbh`b` rl` gilsbst tl tob ibct bf` es ilfkbr tohf tob ltobr

twl rl`s jbghusb et bxtbf`s hii tob why torluko tob solui`br-vesb

phrts. E usb` tob shdb tbgofequb tl dhrn tob gbftbr plefts lf tob

solui`br-vesb phrts.E tobf chgb-kiub` tob b`kefks hf` kiub` hf` gihdpb` tobd tl tob

crlft hf` jhgn lc tob jbfgo.

Pob sphgb uf`br tob jbfgo es put tl usb‐Polsb jek jlxbs ef

tob jhsb prlve`b pibfty lc stlrhkb sphgb. E pihgb` bekot `rhwbrs

ef tob rekot-ohf` jlx. ]ius, tl thnb h`vhfthkb lc tob sphgb jb-twbbf tob tlp lc tob jlx hf` tob uf`brse`b lc tob jbfgotlp, E

h``b` h sohiilw torluko-`rhwbr toht bxtbf`s crld crlft tl jhgn,

weto h chgb lf bhgo bf` lc tob `rhwbr, sl et ghf jb hggbssb` crldjlto se`bs lc tob wlrnjbfgo.

Pob ibct-ohf` jlx oli`s tob phrts lc h prlabgt E―d juei`jlx efgiu`bs h oefkb` sobic toht pevlts up hf` lut lc

wobf et―s flt fbb`b`. Pob crhdb-hf`-phfbi `llrs nbbp `

ceiiefk up tob jlx.

Jlhr` ahgns supplrt ilfk stlgn‐Pob jlhr` ahgns (lf

hf` lfb ef jhgn) hrb ohf`y h`ètelfs tl tob jbfgo. [obfes gihdpb` ef tob crlft, lr solui`br, vesb, tob ahgn oli`s up

supplrtb` bf`. Pl hgglddl`htb jlhr`s lc vhryefk ibf

ahgn es hjib tl sie`b hilfk tob cuii ibfkto lc tob jbfgo.

]lwbr streps jrefk tob auegb‐Jbghusb dy jbfgo es sbv

crld h whii, E h``b` plwbr streps hilfk tob crlft hf` jhgdhnefk et bhsebr tl usb plwbr tllis ht tob jbfgo.

Pob jbfgo ohs jbbf sbrvefk db wbii clr sbvbrhi ybhrs fl

efk toht tedb, et ohs pegnb` up pibfty lc sgrhtgobs hf` `

et―s hs slie` hs bvbr. Hf` E bxpbgt et―s klefk tl sthy tohtdhfy ybhrs tl gldb.

@egn Dg@lfluko ievbs ef Cieft, Dego., wobrb ob―s h cuii-tedb cefeso g

hf` phrt-tedb wll`wlrnefk tbhgobr.

Wolui`br vesb hf` bf` ghp

Jbfgo sgrbw

(sbb Wlurgbs)

Ahw, :7 ⁀ ? ef. toegn jy

78 ⁀ : ef. we`b jy 878 ⁀ 0 ef.

ilfk (efgiuèfk 8-ef.-

ilfk tlfkub

Gut fltgo clr

rbgthfkuihr

jbfgo`lk jbclrb

hssbdjiefk tob

we`b b`kefk.Glppbr whtbr

bplxeb` tl gb

sbgtelf sbrvb

jusoefk clr r

jbfgo`lk.

F

c

8 ⁀ :-ef. torbh`b` rl`

weto whsobr hf`

fut lf bhgo bf`

Jbhd, :; ⁀ ? ef.

toe gn jy 7 8 ⁀ : ef.

we`b jy :? ef.

ilfk

Jilgn, 78 ⁀ : ef.

toe gn jy 8:; ⁀ ? ef.

we`b jy 8:8 ⁀ 0 ef.

ilfk

Bf` ghp, :; ⁀ ? ef.

toe gn jy 7 8 ⁀ : ef.

we`b

]iywll` spiefb,8 ⁀ : ef. toegn jy 8 ef.

we`b, es kiub` tl

bf` ghp.

2 ⁀ 83-ef. obx jl

dhtbs weto

jhrrbi fut.



Ihrkb surchgbs, ienb tob tlp lc dy jbfgo, hrb h

gohiibfkb tl vbfbbr jbghusb et―s ecceguit tl kbt

kll` gihdpefk prbssurb lvbr tob bfterb surchgb.

E ohvb bfluko gihdps clr dlst aljs jut

flwobrb fbhr tob fudjbr E―` fbb` clr dy

audjl-sezb` jbfgotlp. Hf` fbw gihdps `lf―t

gldb gobhp.

Pob hfswbr prlvb` tl jb h sbt lc 8= solp-

dh`b gihdpefk ghuis. Hf` jbghusb E whs hjib

tl usb dlstiy sgrhpwll`, tob tlthi glst whs uf-

`br $8:‐ibss tohf E―` phy clr h sefkib glddbr-

gehi gihdp.

Et―s bhsy tl dhnb tobsb gihdps. Pob tlp

’ahw— es h :0-ef. ibfkto lc 07 ⁀ 0-ef.-we`b dbèud-

`bfsety cejbrjlhr` (D@C) sgrbwb` tl h :0-ef.-

ilfk :x7. Pob jlttld ahw es h :0-ef.-ilfk :x0.

Pl prbvbft tob D@C surchgbs crld bfèfk up

kiub` tl tob vbfbbr, h`` h obhitoy glht lc phstb

whx tl bhgo lfb. Pob bf`s lc tob ahws hggbpt h

5-ef.-ilfk, 7 ⁀ ?-ef.-èh. torbh`b` rl` toht es cettb`

weto h whsobr hf` fut lf jlto bf`s.

Pl jbkef vbfbbrefk, sprbh` h kbfbrlus glht

lc ybiilw kiub lf tob dhtefk surchgbs lc tob vb-

fbbr hf` phrtegibjlhr`. H solrt pheftbr―s rliibr

hiilws ylu tl sprbh` tob kiub bhseiy hf` quegniy.

[obf wlrnefk weto h ihrkb surchgb hrbh, et―s ed-

plrthft tl ohvb h kll` hssbdjiy khdb-pihf

wlrnb` lut jbghusb ybiilw kiub ghf sthrt tl

thgn up ef ibss tohf 8= defutbs. Ulu fbb` tl kbt

tob kiub `lwf hf` tob gihdps tekotbfb` up

wetolut bihy.

]ihgb tob vbfbbr kiub-se`b `lwf lf tob phrte-gibjlhr`. Jutt tob pebgbs tlkbtobr, jut lf―t

h`` kiub tl tob b`kbs lr wlrry hjlut h pbrcbgt

aleft quetb ybt. Ibt tob vbfbbr lvbrohfk tob phr-

tegibjlhr` hii hrluf`.

Pobf sthrt gihdpefk lwf tob vbfbbr. Pl

obip hvle` ibfktowesb jugniefk, tekotbf tob

gihdps ht lfb bf` hf` wlrn tlwhr` tob ltobr.

Jlto tob tlp hf` jlttld surchgbs lc tob phr-

tegibjlhr` dust jb vbfbbrb`> ec lfiy tob tlp es

vbfbbrb`, et ghf grbhtb ufbvbf strbssbs toht

ghf ghusb tob tlp tl gup.

Lfgb jlto se`bs ohvb jbbf vbfbbrb`, trub

up tob b`kb alefts weto h rlutbr bqueppb` weto

h 7 ⁀ ?-ef.-èh. strhekot jet. Rsb h ilfk pebgb lc

stlgn hs h strhekotb`kb hf` rlut h 7 ⁀ 83-ef.-`bbp

krllvb gbftbrb` hilfk tob bfterb ibfkto lc

bhgo aleft iefb. Pobf usb tob gihdpefk ghuis

tl kiub 7 ⁀ ?-ef.-we`b jy 7 ⁀ 83-ef.-toegn efihys eftl tob

krllvbs. Poes tbgofequb rbsuits ef fbhr-pbrcbgt

b`kb alefts.

K I R E F K P O E G N S B F B B Z P L H I H Z K B W R Z C H G B

Gihdp tob vbfbbr tl tob phrtegibjlhr weto gihdpefk ghuis. Fl fbb` tl ohvb hclrtufb ef gihdps tl `l toes kiub-up. Wolpdh`b gihdpefk ghuis kbt tob alj `lfb clr

Zlut tob aleft

gibhf up hfy k

rlutbr hf` b`k

hrb usb` tl gut

ilw krllvb gbf

tob ilfk aleft.

H`` tob efihy

streps lc gobrry

ef tob krllvbs,

efk tekot aleft i

hilfk tob cuii i

tob jbfgo.

D H U / A R F B : =

EFIHUW GLFGBHI ED]BZCBGP SBFBBZ ALEFPW

]oltls, toes phkb1 Brenh Dhrns







J H W B H F @ J B F G O P L ]

gldpieghtb`. Dhfy lc tob phrts hrb sl ihrkb toht alefefk tobd jlr-`brs lf tedjbr crhdefk. H sbglf` pher lc ohf`s gldbs ef ohf`y clrsldb sthkbs lf tob prlabgt.

Wldb obhv y iectefk weii jb rbquerb`Pob jbfgo ghf jb dh`b lc aust hjlut hfy typb lc ohr`wll`. Jb-ghusb toes es h wlrnjbfgo, prhgteghiety klvbrfb` dy golegbs. Ef dy rbkelf, ybiilw jergo es gobhpbr tohf dhpib jut esf't hvheihjibhjlvb 8=/0. Wl E usb` jergo clr tob :-ef.-toegn phrts hf` ohr` dhpibclr tob toegnbr lfbs. Ec ylu ghfflt cef` 8:/0 ohr`wll`, ylu ghfkiub up ylur stlgn.

Jbclrb guttefk hfy wll`, `btbrdefb woht jbfgo obekot es gld-clrthjib clr ylu. [obf wlrnefk weto ohf` tllis, et es dlrb bccegebfthf` bhsebr ec ylu ghf jrefk eftl pihy hii lc tob ihrkbr dusgib krlupsef ylur jl`y, hjlvb hii tolsb ef ylur ibks hf` jhgn. Dlst jbfgobshrb tll oeko clr db, clrgefk db tl wlrn lfiy weto dy solui`brs

hf` hrds. E hd 2 ct. 5 ef. hf` h iettib solrt ef tob ibk. Dy j7: ef. oeko.

Jbse`bs wll`, ylu weii fbb` tl lr`br twl ltobr etbds1 wll`bf jbfgo sgrbws hf` torbh`b` jilgns, woego ylcrld Grysthi Grbbn Deii (].L. Jlx 08, @b[ett, FU 87:808::5). Dbftelf toes prlabgt tl kbt tob shdb gldplfbfts E torbb sgrbw-hf`-jilgn sbts weii ruf ylu $852. Ulu ghf gut ylur lwf torbh`s ec ylu ohvb h ihrkb thp hf

b` clr toes alj (lfb toht's ht ibhst ef. èh. weto 2 tpe Hftequb thp-hf`-èb sbts clr wll` dhy jb cluf` ht h cilr thk shib. Pob thp wlui` jb tob dlst usbcui lc tob tw

et wlui` hiilw ylu tl dhnb tob torbh`b` bf` jhttbf fbvesb lut lc lfb pebgb lc wll`. [etolut et ylu'ii ohvb tl atob torbh`b` jilgns tl tob bf` lc tob jhttbf. Pob Jbhii(?==-778-0;8?> jbhiitlli.gld) lccbrs wll`-torbhèfkdhnefk -ef.-èh., 2-tpe sgrbws hf` futs. Et efgiu`bs h

Pedjbr-crhdb tbgofequbs. Rsb h gerguihr shw tl gut tob tbflf solui`brs lf tobsb ihrkb jbhd s.

Pob gobbns hrb tobf gut lf tob jhf` shw. Kb t hf hssesthft, ec ylu ghf cef` lfb , tl obip ylu supplrt

tob ilfk obhvy tedjbrs Clr tob dlrtesbs ef tob ibks cerst `reii lut tob whstb tobf squhrb weto h



hf` jet hf` h -ef.- eh. thp, woego wlui` slivb tob hclrbdbf-telfb` alefbry prljibd. Ulu'ii hisl fbb` 83 jb` jlits hf` h wrbfgo, woego ylu ghf kbt

crld Jhii hf` Jhii Ohr`whrb Zbprlùgtelfs (?==-:2;-7;88).

H nflgn`lwf jhsb es bhsy tl dlvbPob lrekefhi jbfgo nflgns lwf gldpibtbiy. Poes ibh`s db tl sus-pbgt toht et jbilfkb` tl hf eftbrelr alefbr, woht wb wlui` g hii tl-`hy h cefeso ghrpbftbr. Pobsb kuys wbrb tob bietb lc tob jueièfk trh`bsdbf hf` wbrb rbsplfsejib clr rhesb`-phfbi whiis, whefsglt-efk, stherghsb s, dhftbis, dlièfks hf` `llrs.

[lrnefk lf h dhkfecegbft ]lrtsdluto, F.O., dhfself, h alefbrglui` jb lf tob alj setb clr dlftos. Ob wlu i` dlvb oes jbfgo hf`tllijlx rekot eftl tob olusb. [obf cefesob`, ob'` put tobd ef h whklf hf` dlvb tobd lftl tob fbxt alj setb. H jbfgo toht nflgns`lwf es steii h kll` e`bh tl`hy jbghusb et es bhsebr tl dlvb tl h fbw solp.

Pob ibks hf` strbtgobrs hrb alefb` weto dlrtesbs hf` tbflfs obi`tlkbtobr weto jb` jlits. Pob alefts ghf't jb ht tob shdb obekot lrtob jb` jlits wlui` judp bhgo ltobr, sl lccsbt tober bibvhtelfs.Fltegb toht tobrb hrb tbflfs lf tob tlps lc tob ibks, hs wbii, tl sb-gurb tob tlp tl tob jhsb. Gut hii lc tob alefts ht tob shdb ted b.

Gut tob solui`brs lc tobsb ihrkb tbflfs weto h gerguihr shw hf`

tobf rep tob gobbns lf tob jhf`shw. Jlrb lut tob dlrtesbs weto h `reii jet hf` squhrb tob glrfbrs weto h goesbi. E usb` h solui`brpihfb tl cet tob tbflfs.

Jb`-jlit jhsegs‐Jb` jlits hrb vbry bccbgtevb chs tbfbrs hf`, wobftekotbfb`, weii flt hiilw tob siekotbst wekkib. Pob jlit ohs h squhrbobh` weto h ihrkb cihfkb hf` rbquerbs h twl-stbp olib. @reii tobgluftbrjlrb clr tob c ihfkb ce rst. Pob ilfk olib clr tob jlit klbs ef-tl tob jlttld lc tob dlrtesb, torluko tob ibfkto lc tob tbflf hf`phst tob ilghtelf lc tob fut.

Pob fut sets ef h olib reiib` eftl tob jhgn lc tob rhei. Hssbdjiefk tob aleft es bhsy1 Php tob dlrtesb hf` tbflf tlkbtobr oli` tob fut

Ilghtb tob ibk dlrtesbs lf tob pihfn. Cerst turf bvbrytoefk ups`lwf hf` ibvbi tob jhgn ibks.

Bf` jhttb fs su pplrt tob piywll` plrtelf lc tob jbfgo tlp. Bjhttbf es jlitb` tl tob toegn pihfn hf` hisl tl h gibht toht supplr

piywll` hf` nbbps et ibvbi weto tob pihfn Pob piywll` es sgrbwb



C Z L F P S E W B

Wezb hf` s trb fkto. Pob toegn wll`bf sgrbw s hrb chr bfluko hphrt tl

hggldd l`htb h we`b wl rnpebgb, hf` tob ahw es ilfk bfluko tl supplrt

h 3-ct. jlhr` clr b`kb-aleftefk.

ghtgobs tob fut. [obf hii lc tob chstbfbrs hrb ohf`-tekjb`-jlit wrbfgo hf` cefeso tob alj.

Pob pihfn es tob nby tl tob tlpPob tlp lc tob jbfgo es dh`b lc twl pebgbs1 h 7-ef.-totob crlft hf` h toeffbr piywll` phfbi jboef`. Pob crl

ibks hrb èccbrbft obekots hs h rbsuit. Pob toegn crlft pihtob vesbs hf` prlve`bs h ùrhjib surchgb clr ylur odlst clrgbcui wlrn. Pob rbhr phfbi weii flt thnb tob shdbft hs tob crlft hf` lbs flt ohvb tl jb hs toegn. Ets rve`b h we`b, ibvbi surchgb. Lf tob lrekefhi jbfgo toes pefb jlhr`, jut E usb` jergo piywll` clr ets sthjeiety.

Pob we`to lc tob crlft pihfn es h vhrehjib hf` ghf wohtbvbr ylu ghf cef` lr kiub up. H pebgb lc wll` toes`ld ciht hs et gldbs crld tob iudjbr `bhibr hf` weii pihfb`. Ec ylur dhgoefbs hrb flt up tl h alj toes obhvyohvb tl cef` sldblfb wol ghf `l tob wlrn clr ylu. E s8:-ef.-we b pihfn ef dy pihfbr, jbghusb et wlui f't cet

tbr. Iugneiy et whs strhekot jut aust guppb` h jet. E tlln phssbs lcc tob `ldb` (obhrt) se`b, aust tl kbt h ciht tPobf, E tlln iekot phssbs lcc tob glfghvb se`b. Jbghusb es flt sbbf, tobrb es fl fbb` tl cihttbf et gldpibtbiycieppb` tob pihfn hkhef hf` cefesob` `rbssefk tob uppWbt tob pihfn hse`b clr sbvbrhi `hys hf` ibt et bquhiezb tbfefk et hkhef weto h iekot phss. [oeib ylu hrb ht et, alb`kb sl toht et es strhekot hf` squhrb tl tob uppbr surch

Poes pihfn rbquerbs h cbw lpbrhtelfs jbclrb et's rbh`ytl pihg b lf tob sujstrugturb. Cerst, ihy lut tob ibk dlruf`brse`b hf` gut hf` ce t tobd tl tob tbflfs lf tob tlpibks. Fbxt, rlut tob rhjjbt ef tob jhgn b`kb tl grbhtb h i

supplrt tob piywll` plrtelf lc tob tlp, woego weii weto wll` sgrbws.

Dhnb rlld clr tob vesbs‐Pob crlft vesb es sbgurb` t weto wll` sgrbws torbh`b` torluko twl `lvbthei-so

Hctbr hfkiefk tob se bs lc tob torbh`b

jilgns, ihy lut tober rbgbssbs. Pob trhpb-

zl e`hi s oh pb kevbs d bg oh fegh i s trb fk to tl to es

Gerguihr shw gldbs ef ohf`y hkhef. Gut tob

solu i`b rs cers t, tobf gut sl db nbr cs torluko tob

whstb sbgtelf.

Hctbr golppefk lut tob whstb, ph

se`bs . Rsb lf b lc tob torbh`b` jilg

ylu r go esb i.



wo ego hrb sbt eftl tob pihfn. Jbvbi tob se`bs lc twl lc tob torbbtorbh`b` jilgns (tob ltobr lfb es clr tob thei-vesb hssbdjiy). Pobfusb tob jilgns tl ihy lut tober rbgbssbs. Ihy lut tobsb fltgobs sltoht tob jilgns prlabgt siekotiy crld tob crlft b`kb lc tob jbfgo-tlp> pihfb tobd ciu so ihtbr. Gut tob `bbp fltgobs weto h ohf`shw lr gerguihr shw, hf` gibhf up tob whiis weto h we`b goesbi.

Pob tlp es ch r tll toegn clr tob wll` sgrbws tl gibh r et lf tob jlt-tld se`b, sl ylu ohvb tl gut gohffbis clr gibhrhfgb. Php tob futseftl pihgb tbdplrhreiy tl sbb wobrb tob torbh`b` olibs iefb up

weto tob jbfgo. Gut tob gohffbi b`kbs cerst, weto h strhekotb`kbgihdpb` lf tob pihfn tl kue`b ylur gerguihr shw. Po bf d hnb h iltlc nbrc guts torluko tob gbftbr hf` golp lut tob whstb.

Flw ylu ghf kiub ef tob torbh`b` futs. Ibhvb tob tlps siekotiy prlu` hf` pihfb tobd ciuso hctbr tob kiub es `ry. ]ihfb tob crlftb`kbs ciuso, tll. Fbxt, gut lut tob ihrkb fltgo clr tob thei vesb. H ger-guihr shw w eii gut torluko dlst lc tob stlgn, jut ylu weii fbb` h ohf`shw tl gldpibtb tob glrfbr. Gibhf up tob shwguts weto h ohf`pihfb, nbbpefk bvbrytoefk squhrb (flt tob bhsebst thsn jut

vbry edplrthft). Zlut tob ilfk krllvb hilfk tob fltgo, hf` cefesoet weto h sohrp goesbi.

Pob ihst thsn ef prbphrefk tob crlft pihfn es tl gut tob `lk olibs. Hitoluko ylu ghf usb hfy typb lc `lk ylu prbcbr , E golsb tobgibvbr, ilw-tbgo typb E cluf` lf tob lrekefhi. Pob `lk olibs hrb

ef. squhrb, hf` bhgo squhrb `lk ohs h siekot thpbr pihfb` lftllfb chgb. Pobrb es h `lk clr bhgo olib ef tob jbfgo. Bhgo es thppbèftl pihgb crld jbilw, fhrrlw-se`b up, hf` sets ciuso weto tob tlpuftei et es fbb`b`. Php et weto h dhiibt uftei et prlabgts siekotiy hjlvbtob surchgb hf` tekotbfs ef pihgb. Pob `lk olibs hrb rlukoiy ef.hphrt, jut sldb hrb lccs bt tl hvle` tob sgrbws clr tob crlft vesb.

Pob piywll` sbgtelf‐Pob jbfgo's bf` jhttbfs hrb jb`-jlitb`tl tob toegn pihfn hf` ohvb supplrt gibhts hilfk tober efse`b b`kbsclr sbgurefk tob piywll`. Pob piywll` es hisl sgrbwb` eftl tobrhjjbt lf tob jhgn b`kb lc tob toegn pihfn . [eto tob toegn pihfn efpihgb lf tob crlft ibks, pihgb tob piywll` ef ets rhjjbt tl ilghtbtob dlrtesbs clr tob rbhr ibks. Gut tobsb dlrtesbs, tobf htthgo tobpiywll` tl tob pihfn hf` tob bf` jhttbfs.

H tregn clr vesb o hfìbsBhgo wll` sgrbw ohs h toegn ouj weto iefbs sgrejb` eftl et. Pobsbhrb jlto clr `bglrhtelf hf` clr ihyefk lut tob olibs clr tob ohf-ìbs. @reii h 8-ef.-èh. olib. Ulu ghf dhnb tob ohfìbs lut lc h pebgblc `lwbi weto pefs ef tob bf`s lr bf` ghps tl nbbp tobd crldchiiefk lut. Olwbvbr, E prbcbr tob li` tbgoflilky usb` jy tob lrek-efhi dhnbr. Purf ylur ohfìbs usefk wll` toht es steii siekotiy krbbf. Ulu ghf spiet sldb crld h cerbwll` peib. Ibhvb tob bf`s

ef. jekkbr tohf tob olib ef tob vesb-sgrbw ouj.Jlei lfb lc tob juiibt-sohpb` bf`s tl slctbf et, hf` `revb et

torluko tob ouj weto h dhiibt. Pob wll` weii gldprbss hs et phss-bs torluko tob olib (sldb dhy jb sobhrb` hwhy jy tob olib'sb`kbs), tobf et weii sprefk jhgn lf tob ltobr se`b.

Crlft vesb ahw w bhrs h khrtbrPob ahw es h pebgb lc ?/0 ohr`wll`. Ets we`to es flt greteghi hf` ghf` ` o ` o o ` i n `

Gut gibhrhf

gohffbis cl

vesb sgrbws

tob torbh`b`jilgns eftl p

tbdplrhreiy

tbrdefb tob

telf lc tobsb

fbis. Zbdlv

jilgns jbclr

tefk. @bcefb

b`kbs weto h

ihr shw, nbr c

tob de`ìb,

golp lut tob

H khrtbr nb

tob vesb ahw

efk weto tob

sgrbw. Poes st rep es dlr t

tl tob ahw hf

eftl h krllvb

tob sgrbw ou



P H E I S E W BPoes gldpibx- illnefk ufet es jhseghiiy

h torbb-se`b` jlx toht sie`bs jhgn

hf` clrto lf tob tep lc tob jbfgo's

bf` jht tbf. Lfb wr efn ib 1 Pob

to rbh`b` fut efg iu`b` we to tob sg rbw

sbt dust jb alefb` tl tob bf` j httbf.

BF@ JHPPBF

S EW B BF@

jbfgobs E ohvb bxhdefb`, ef woego tob usbr ohs tl pu ahw jhgnwhr` hctb r illsbfefk tob sgrbws, tob ahw lf ohs khrtbrs toht dhtb weto h krllvb ef tob sgrbws hf` nbhf` sgrbws dlvefk tlkbtobr.

@reii tob twl olibs ef tob ahw clr tob wll`bf sgrbwstob silts clr tob khrtbrs. Dhnb tob khrtbrs lut lc ohr`wlh tedb, pihgb h sgrbw torluko tob ahw hf` thp tob khrtbrPurf tob sgrbws tl tbst tob ce t lc tob khrtbrs. Jbclrb kiueftl pihgb, jb surb toby hrbf't rujjefk tll tekotiy hkhefst

P h ei v es b es t o b t l u k o p h r tPob thei vesb hf` ets hsslgehtb` hssbdjiy dhnb clr sldghtb` alefbry. H ilt es klefk lf ht lfb tedb hs tob vesb trjhttbf toht steccbfs tob bf` lc tob jbfgotlp hf` oli`pihfn hf` piywll` ibvbi es torbh`b` clr tob thei-vesb sgrhgts hs lfb lc tob kue`bs clr tob vesb [etolut h ihrkb thp

SEWB AH[





t―s ohr` tl edhkefb wlrnefk ef h solp

toht ihgns h kll` jbfgo-dluftb` vesb.

Hctbr hii, wll`wlrnbrs gldb crld tob

chgtlry weto aust twl ohf`s, hf` wb fbb`

jlto lc tobd tl usb dlst tllis. Wl et usu-

hiiy thnbs sldb obip tl nbbp h wlrnpebgb

cexb` cerdiy ef pihgb.

Pob ghst-erlf styib lc vesb ohs ilfk jbbf h

sthpib ef wll`wlrnbrs― solps, hf` clr

kll` rbhslf. H ghst-erlf vesb toht―s wbii

dhefthefb` ghf ihst sbvbrhi kbfbrhtelfs,

hf` h wlrnpebgb ilgnb` ef ets krep wlf―t

bhseiy ju`kb.

H ghst-e rlf vesb ohs hfl tobr piu s1 Et

kbfbrhiiy efsthiis wetolut dugo cuss. Jut

toht `lbsf―t dbhf tob prlgbùrb es clli-

prllc. Pl defedezb tob cussefbss chgtlr,

tobrb hrb h cbw wlrtowoeib plefts tl nbbp

ef def`‐efgiuèfk h iettib prbefsthiih-

telf pihffefk.

[obrb tl put et Ht cerst kihfgb, h wlrnjbfgo sbbds tl lccbr

h fudjbr lc pihgbs tl ilghtb h vesb. Jut h

cbw splts ghf jb biedefhtb` quegniy. Hfy

vesb gbftbrb` lf tob crlft, jhgn lr bf` lc h

jbfgo es surb tl jb ef ylur why, sl tob vesb

hidlst hiwhys bf`s up efsthiib` fbhr h glr-

fbr tl dhnb et hs ufljtrusevb hs plssejib.

Ulur lptelfs fhrrlw bvbf curtobr wob f

ylu glf se`br tob jbf go ilghte l

`bsekf hf` ylu‐lr dlrb spbgec

ylur ohf`b`fbss.

Jbfgo ilghtelf hf` `bsekf‐ [

jbfgo es plsetelfb` wbii hwhy crl

whiis, hiilwefk hii-hrluf` hggbss, to

ghf jb efsthiib` hàhgbft tl hfy lc to

fbrs. Jut ec tob jbfgo jutts hkhefst

jlto glrfbrs lc toht se`b lc tob jbf

biedefhtb` hs lptelfs. Ec tob jbfgo

kl ef h glrfbr, tob lptelfs jbgldb

Wl et―s jbst flt tl cefhiezb tob vesb il

uftei ylu―vb glfse`brb` wobrb tob jb

klefk tl kl.

Efsthiiefk h Ghst-Erlf Ses

23 C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

@btbrdefb tob jbst ilghtelf

Jbclrb efsthiiefk h vesb, glfse`br wobrb lf tob jbfgotlp et―s klefk tl wlrn jbst clr y

Zekot-ohf`brs kbfbrhiiy prbcbr tob crlft vesb lf tob ibct bf` lc tob jbfgotlp, weto to

bf` vesb lf tob rekot, fbhr tob crlft glrfbr. Zbvbrsb tob ilghtelfs ec ylu―rb h slutoph

C Z L F P S E W B

B F @ S E W B

Ec ylu―rb klefk tl dluft lfiy lfb vesb, h crlft vesb lccbrs tob

dlst usbcui gihdpefk lptelfs. H jlhr` gihdpb` olrezlfthiiy

ef h crlft vesb es pbrcbgtiy plsetelfb` clr b`kb-pihfefk.

Gihdp et vbrteghiiy, hf` tob bf` lc tob jlhr` ghf jb pihfb`

lr shwb` bhseiy.

Rsb` weto h jbfgo`lk, hf bf`

hiilws h ilfkbr jlhr` tl jb

gihdpb` quegniy chgb-`lwf lf

tob jbfgo clr pihfefk, sgrhpef

lr shfèfk.

E

Pypeghi vesb plsetelfs clr

ibct-ohf`b` wll`wlrnbrs

Pypeghi vesb plsetelfs clr

rekot-ohf`b` wll`wlrnbrs

Hiek f to

jbfgo`

olibs wtob bf`

vesb `l

]oltls1 Degohbi



W B ] P B D J B Z / L G P L J B Z : = =@rhwefks1 Dbihfeb ]lwbii

Dlst ghst-erlf vesbs ohvb h dbthi `lk

jueit eftl tob crlft ahw. [obf tob vesb `lk

es usb` weto h jbfgo`lk, tob vesb lccbrs h`-

ètelfhi gihdpefk h`vhfthkbs. Nbbp ef

def`, toluko, toht tob olibs clr tob jbfgo-

`lk dust jb ef iefb weto tob vesb `lk. Wl

jbclrb ylu sbttib lf h vesb ilghtelf, dhnb

surb tob jbfgo`lk ylu usb ghf jb pihgb`

eftl hii lc tob olibs wetolut eftbrcbrefk

weto tob vesb, tob jbfgo ibks lr hfytoefk

bisb uf`br tob tlp.

Crlft lr bf` vesb<‐ H vesb ghf jb dluft-

b` tl tob crlft lr bf` lc h jbfgo. Jbghusb

bhgo ilghtelf ohs ets h`vhfthkbs, dhfy

Cekurb lut tob ceiibr-jilgn toegnfbss. [eto

jlto tob vesb hf` jbfgotlp upse`b `lwf tl

dhnb tob alj bhsebr, dbhsurb tob èsthfgb

crld tob jbfgotlp tl tob tlp b`kb lc tob vesb

ahws hf` tobf h`` 8 ⁀ : ef. tl 7 ⁀ 0 ef.

Htthgo tob ceiibr jilgn, tobf tob vesb, usefk ihk sgrbws. Ulu dekot toefn toht hjlut `lb

jut tl kbt tob dlst lut lc tob vesb, ylu solui` glvbr tob dbthi ahws hf` b`kb lc tob thjib fb

D L R F P E F K P O B S E W BD L R F P E F K P O B S E W B

Pobrb―s dlrb tl et tohf sefnefk h cbw ihk sgrbws J U P L D J B K

Ceiibr jilgn

JbfgotlpAhws solui` jb 8 ⁀ : ef.

tl 7 ⁀ 0 ef. jbilw tob

wlrn surchgb.



2? C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

jbfgobs efgiu`b jlto crlft hf` bf` vesbs. Ec

h jbfgo es iedetb` tl ohvefk aust lfb vesb,

et―s jbst tl efsthii et hs h crlft vesb, jbghusb

dlst lc us fhturhiiy krhvethtb tlwhr` tob

crlft lc tob jbfgo.

Poefn rekot lr ibct‐Dlrb tohf hfytoefk

bisb, ylur ohf`b`fbss `btbrdefbs tob jbst

vesb ilghtelf. Zekot-ohf`brs usuhiiy ienb h

crlft vesb lf tob ibct lc tob jbfgo. Poht

why, wobf grlssguttefk h jlhr` weto h

ohf`shw, tob gutlcc bf` ghf jb obi` jy tob

ibct ohf`. [obf tob crlft vesb es efsthi ib` lf tob

ibct, ylu―ii whft tob bf` vesb h``b` tl tob

rekot, fbhr tob crlft glrfbr. Zbvbrsb tob il-

ghtelfs ec ylu―rb h ibcty.

Olw tl dluft et

Pobrb hrb sbvbrhi whys tl efsthii h ghst-erlf

vesb> ylur jbst lptelf `bpbf`s lf tob

jbfgotlp―s `bsekf. Pob prl-

gbùrb lutiefb` obrb glvbrs

tob dlst glddlf efsthiih-

telf, lfb wobrb tob jhgn ahw

lc tob vesb sedpiy jutts

hkhefst tob b`kb lc h tlp

toht―s hjlut 88 ⁀ : ef. toegn.

Ghst-erlf vesbs, bspbgehiiy

ihrkb lfbs, hrb obhvy hf`

hwnwhr` tl oli`. Wl try tl

wlrn weto tob jbfgotlpturfb` upse`b `lwf, hs solwf obrb. Ec

cieppefk tob tlp esf―t hf lptelf, ylu ghf

dhnb tob vesb bhsebr tl ohfìb jy rbdlv-

efk tob crlft ahw hilfk weto tob sgrbw hf`

kue`b jhrs.

Efgiu`b h ceiibr jilgn‐E`bhiiy, wobf tob

vesb es efsthiib`, tob tlp b`kb lc tob ahws

solui` jb 8 ⁀ : ef. tl 7 ⁀ 0 ef. jbilw tob tlp lc

tob jbfgo. Pob bxtrh sphgb hiilws rlld clr

tob wll` chgb, h``b` ihtbr, tl glvbr tob tlp

lc tob ahw.

Hisl, lf sldb vesbs, tob `lk bxtbf`s hi-dlst 8 ⁀ : ef. hjlvb tob ahws, bvbf wobf tob

`lk es cuiiy ilwbrb`. Rfibss tob ahws hrb

wbii jbilw tob jbfgotlp, tob `lk weii hi-

whys stegn hjlvb tob wlrn surchgb.

Pl kbt toht bxtrh sphgb, ylu―rb ienbiy tl

fbb` h wll` ceiibr jilgn jbtwbbf tob uf-

`brse`b lc tob jbfgotlp hf` tob dluftefk

jrhgnbt plrtelf lc tob vesb. Pob jilgn

solui` jb we`b hf` ilfk bfluko tl

tob jrhgnbt hf` toegn bfluko tl pr

tob eftbf`b` sphgefk.

Efsthii tob ceiibr jilgn hf` vesb‐

sbgurefk tob jilgn tl tob uf`brse`b

tlp, `reii hf` gluftbrjlrb et clr cl

sgrbws. ]lsetelf tob jilgn lf tob jbf

hf` `reii tob peilt olibs. H`` kiub, to

tob ihk sgrbws eftl tob olibs hf`

tobd oldb.Flw plsetelf tob vesb lf tob jilgn

tob jhgn ahw cerdiy hkhefst tob b`kb

jbfgo. Pobf `reii tob peilt olibs hf

tob ihk sgrbws. Ec ylu―vb jbbf wl

weto tob jbfgotlp upse`b `lwf, flw

tedb tl ciep et rekot-se`b up.

Dhnb tob chgbs‐ H wlrnpebgb sbgu

tob vesb es ibss ienbiy tl `bft ec tob gh

ahws ohvb wll` chgbs. Pob chgbs ghf

sthiib` sbvbrhi whys.

H quegn dbtol` es sedpiy tl sgrbw

thfkuihr pebgb lc ohr`wll` stlgn ahws lc tob vesb. Dlst ahws ohvb prb

olibs, dhnefk tob alj hf bhsy lfb.

E prbcbr tl dlrtesb tob jhgn chgb tl

tob jhgn ahw. Hisl, E ienb tl bxtbf` to

chgb tob cuii ibfkto lc tob jbfgo. Bccb

iy tobf, tob jhgn chgb jbgldbs phrt

b`kb lc tob jbfgotlp. Wl wobf h

jlhr` es gihdpb` lf b`kb ef tob ve

H ilfk chgb. H dlrtesb ef tob jhgn chgb hggbpts tob jhgn

ahw. Pob chgb bxtbf`s tob cuii ibfkto lc tob jbfgotlp, woego

weii dhnb et bhsebr tl gihdp ilfk jlhr`s.

Dbhsurb, dhrn hf` gut lut tob dlrtesb. Lf dhfy vesbs, tob chgb lc tob j

ahw esf―t squhrb tl tob jbfgotlp. Pl dhnb surb tob dlrtesb bf`s up `bbp bf

dbhsurb tob bpto crld tob toegnbst phrt lc tob ahw. Rsb h `reii jet tl rbdlv

lc tob whstb stlgn jbclrb usefk h rlutbr tl gibhf lut tob whstb toht rbdhefs

H @ @ E F K [ L L @ C H G B W P L P O B S E W BH @ @ E F K [ L L @ C H G B W P L P O B S E W B





20 C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

Pob [lrnjbfgoPob [lrnjbfgoHf eiiustrhtb` kue`b tl hf bssbftehi

wll`wlrnefk tlli

J U K Z H O H D J I H G N J R Z F

f sldb phrts lc tob wlri`, wll`wlrnbrs usb tob cillr hs tober wlrn surchgb. Ef Ahphf, et―s h fhr-

rlw jbhd. Jut ef tob [bst, wll`wlrnbrs trhètelfhiiy ohvb usb` h sujsthftehi wlrnjbfgo. Ef

chgt, jbclrb thjibshws hf` rlutbrs jbghdb clr dlst wll`wlrnbrs tober rekot hf` ibct ohf`s, tob

wlrnjbfgo whs tob dlst edplrthft tlli lc tob grhct. [oeib et dhy fl ilfkbr jb tob cerst tlli h wll`- wlrnbr bfgluftbrs ef tob solp, tob wlrnjbfgo fbvbrtobibss rbdhefs ht tob obhrt lc wll`wlrnefk.

H gilsbr hpprbgehtelf lc ets usbs hf` strbfktos ghf `l dugo tl edprlvb ylur wll`wlrnefk bxpb-

rebfgb, sl obrb―s h illn ht tob `bvbilpdbft lc tob wlrnjbfgo, ets dhalr vhrehtelfs hf` tob dhfy

prhgteghi cexturbs hsslgehtb` weto ets usb.

EE



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = =

Krbht dldbfts ef wlrnjbfgo oestlry

Wpihyb` ibks

@lujib-sgrbwb`

chgb vesb

]ihfefk stlps

Jbfgo`lk olibs

Dlvhjib

jbfgo`lk

[b`kefk fltgo

Jbfgo stlp

Plli rhgnErlf oli`chst

Olibs clr

oli`chsts

We`b olln (usb`

weto oli`chsts)

Z L D H F J B F G O

Pob predb purplsb lc tob wlrnjbfgo es

geiethtb tob cihttbfefk hf` sdlltoefk l

stlgn, typeghiiy jy pihfefk. Wl et es fl s

presb toht sldb lc tob bhriebst jbfgobs

usb` jy tob Zldhfs :,=== ybhrs hkl, j

ghusb et whs tob Zldhfs wol cerst dh`

lc tob dbthi-jlèb` pihfb. Pob Zldhf

whs iettib dlrb tohf h ilfk jlhr` supp

jy spihyb` ibks hf` cettb` weto stlps tl

vbft h jlhr` crld jbefk pusob` lcc tob

ùrefk pihfefk. Poes jbfgo rbdhefb` pl

clr dlrb tohf clur gbfturebs hctbr tob `

lc tob Zldhf Bdperb hf` ef sldb hrbh

sests bvbf tl`hy. Pob `rhwefk es jhsb`

poltlkrhpo lc h jbfgo cluf` ef Whhiju

Kbrdhfy, :2= J.G.

8 3 P O - G B F P R Z U J B F G O

Hctbr tob De`ìb Hkbs, weto tob `bvbilp

lc dlrb slpoesteghtb` clrds lc curfeturb

jbfgobs krbw ihrkbr hf` jbkhf tl cbhtu

ètelfhi olièfk `bvegbs. Jy tob 8;to gb

vesbs oh` jbgldb glddlf ef Flrtobrf

rlpb. Kbrdhf hf` Wghfèfhvehf jbfgob

phrteguihr, wbrb cettb` weto vesbs vbry se

tl tob ihrkb wll`bf thei hf` chgb vesbs t

wbrb glddlf lf Jreteso jbfgobs uftei ttrlùgtelf lc dbthi vesbs. Pob `rhwefk e

jhsb` lf lfb jy Ilccbioliz, 82=2.

8 ? P O - G B F P R Z U C Z B F G O J B

Lfb lc tob dlrb èstefgtevb vhrebtebs, to

glddlfiy usb` Crbfgo jbfgo whs jhseg

h obhvy thjib toht cbhturb` h tlli rhgn, stlps, se`b ollns hf` oli`chsts tl sbgu

wlrn> vesbs wbrb h rhrety.

Dlrtesbs clr pihfefk

stlps hf` jlhr` supplrts

Wefkib-jlhr` tlp

Bfgilsb`

hàusthjib

the i s tlp

@rhwefks1 Krhohd Jihgnjurf



23 C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

Dbthi chgb vesb weto

hàusthjib stlp

[ll`bf

the i v esb

Bfg

stl

Jb

ol

Ihrkb tlp

Jbfgo`lk

olibs

Ob

th

[lrnjbfgo oestlry (glftefub`)

8 ? P O - G B F P R Z U

J Z E P E W O J B F G O

Ef glftrhst tl Crbfgo jbfgobs hf` tl

dlst ltobr Burlpbhf typbs, Jreteso jbfgobs

crld tob 8?to gbftury rbieb` obhveiy lf h ilfk

chgb vesb efsthiib` ht tob ibct bf` lc tob jbfgo.

Poes ilfk vesb crbqubftiy oh` h sefkib sgrbw hf` h

kue`b rl` tl obip nbbp et phrhiibi, jut sldbtedbs et

plssbssb` twl sgrbws hrrhfkb` sl toht tob vesb

chgb glui` jb hfkib` clr flfphrhiibi stlgn. H stlp

hf` h oli`chst hisl wbrb glddlf, jut supplrt clr

ilfk jlhr`s obi` ef tob vesb, ef tob clrd lc hprlf

pbks lr h `bh`dhf, whs èstefgtiy Jreteso. Poes

Jreteso-styib jbfgo bdekrhtb` tl Hdbregh weto tob

bhriy Glilfests.

W O H N B Z J B F G O

Hdlfk tob cerst èstefgtiy Hdbreghf jbfgobs

wbrb tolsb jueit jy tob Wohnbrs, h rbiekelus

sbgt chdlus clr ets sedpib jut wbii-jueit curfe-

turb. Wohnbr jbfgobs typeghiiy wbrb dhssevb hf`

wetolut tlli trhys, hf` jbghusb tob Wohnbrs vhi-

ub` lr`br hf` fbhtfbss, tober jbfgobs cbhturb` h

jhsb toht whs cuiiy bfgilsb` clr stlrhkb. Pob Wohn-

brs hisl wbrb clf` lc ibk vesbs toht glui` jb nbpt

phrhiibi, ufienb tob khrtbribss chgb vesbs prbvelusiy

glddlf lf wlrnjbfgobs. Jbghusb tob gupjlhr`s

hf` `rhwbrs ef tob jhsb dh`b tob usb lc h jlrb`hprlf edplssejib, tob Wohnbrs lctbf usb` h sieèfk

`bh`dhf tl prlve`b supplrt clr ilfk wlrnpebgbs.

8 5 P O - G B F P R Z U

W G O L L I J B F G O

Pob wlrnjbfgobs wb usb tl`hy lwb dugo tl

tob sgolli jbfgo toht whs glddlf ef tob 85to

hf` bhriy :=to gbfturebs. Pob bssbftehi cbhturbs

lc toes jbfgo, wobtobr sefkib lr `lujib (ienb tob

lfb eiiustrhtb`), hrb h ihrkb wlrn surchgb, usuhiiy

weto h trluko lr h tlli wbii, jlto bf` hf` chgb

vesbs (efgrbhsefkiy lc tob dbthi vhrebty) hf` h

systbd lc jbfgo`lk olibs ef tob tlp usb` clr

gihdpefk wlrnpebgbs.

Wieèfk

`bh`dhf

Bfgilsb` jhsb

weto stlrhkb

Ibk

vesb

Jbfgo

stlp

Plli trluko

Kue`b rl`

Olibs clr pbk

supplrts

Hprlf

Chgb vesb





2? C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

C H G B S E W B W

H chgb vesb es usb` clr olièfk wlrnpebgbs ùrefk pihfefk.

Et wlrns jbst ec tob efse`b chgbs lc tob ahws hrb ciuso weto

tob crlft lc tob jbfgo hf` ec tob tlps lc jlto ahws hrb

ciuso weto tob surchgb lc tob jbfgo. Hitoluko tobrb weii jb

lgghselfs wobf ylu whft tl sbgurb l`` sohpbs (woego ghf

jb `lfb bhseiy weto purplsb-dh`b huxeiehry ahws), tob ahws

solui` gilsb pbrcbgtiy phrhiibi tl bhgo ltobr sl toht toby

weii oli` bvbf h toef sobbt lc phpbr cerdiy. Dbthi vesbs dhy

fbb` tl jb rbsbt lf tob jbfgo tl dbbt tobsb glfètelfs,

hf` toby hisl dhy fbb` tl ohvb tober wll` chgefks rb-

pihgb`. [ll`bf-ahw vesbs ghf jb dh`b ciuso dlrb bhseiy.

Jut jbclrb hitbrefk tob ahws, bxhdefb tob why ylur phrteg-

uihr vesb wlrns hf` olw et es htthgob` tl tob jbfgo.

]hy spbgehi httbftelf tl dhnefk surb tob kue`b hrdsruf sdlltoiy weto defedhi pihy. Li`br wll`bf vesbs dhy

fbb` tober kue`b hrds rbsbgurb` tl tob ahws hf` tober

kue`b jilgns hàustb`. [ll`bf sgrbws `bpbf` lf wbii-cet-

tefk khrtbrs hf` prlpbriy plsetelfb` torbh`b` jilgns. ]rl-

veèfk toby hrb prlpbriy hiekfb`, fbwbr vesbs weto dbthi

sgrbws hf` kue`b hrds ohvb cbwbr prljibds hf` dhy fbb`

fltoefk dlrb tohf lgghselfhi gibhfefk hf` iujreghtelf.

Dlst glftbdplrhry jbfgobs hrb cettb` weto vesbs. [oeib tobrb hrb dhfy vhrebtebs, gbrthef toefks rbdhef trub clr hii vesbs. Ec tob wlr

pebgb es tl jb obi` sbgurbiy wetolut jbefk `hdhkb`, tob ahws solui` jb wll`bf lr wll` iefb`, gibhf, hiekfb` hf` phrhiibi.

P H E I S E W B W

H thei vesb oli`s h wlrnpebgb ht to

crlft lc tob jbfgo. Fbwbr thei ves

toht re`b lf h stbbi pihtb cexb` tl

jbfgo ghf jb hàustb` sl toht to

hf` crlft lc tob vesb rbdhef ciuso

tob tlp hf` crlft lc tob jbfgo. L

thei vesbs re`b lf rheis htthgob` j

fbhto tob jbfgotlp. Fbetobr nef`

`bsekfb` tl oli` hfytoefk jy tob

thei lc tob vesb> `lefk sl dekot

deshiekf tob vesb. Olwbvbr, `luj

sgrbwb` bf` vesbs lr bf` vesbs w

h sefkib sgrbw hf` we`biy sphgb`

hrds ghf oli` wlrn hkhefst tob b

tob jbfgo hf`, ec toby hrb hs we`b

tob jbfgo, ghf jb cettb` weto jbf

`lks. H thei vesb hisl ghf jb usb`

gihdp wlrnpebgbs jbtwbbf h jbf

`lk cexb` ef tob jbfgotlp hf` h `

cexb` ef tob vesb etsbic.

Sesbs

Wldb dbthi vesbs ohvb jueit-ef hàusthjib stlps toht ghf jb usb` tl gihd

wlrn jbtwbbf h jbfgo`lk hf` h stlp ef to b jbfgotlp. Sesbs toht `l f―t oh

hàusthjib stlps ghf jb cettb` weto h wll`bf stlp ahw toht weii pbrclrd to

shdb cufgtelf lr toht ghf jb gustld-gut tl oli` ltobr sohpbs.

@lujib

kue`b hrds

Dbthi vesb weto

jueit-ef stlp

Dbthi vesb weto

solpdh`b

wll`bf stlp ahw

Ghrpbtb` ahws

clr cefesob`

wlrn

Ahws clr l``-

sohpb` wlrn

Ulu dhy whft tl dhnb vhre lus huxe iehr y ahws, sugo hs ghrpb tb` ahws

tl o li` cef esob` wlrn lr ahws tl o li` rluf` hf` l``- sohpb` pebgbs.

Hàustefk jlits

Gihdp wlrn obrb. Phei vesb@l flt gihdp

wlrn obrb.

Bf` vesb

Jbfgo`lk

[lrnpebgb



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = =

Jbfgo hggbsslrebs

J B F G O @ L K W

Dbthi `lks dhy ihst ilfkbr hf` cet jbttbr, jut wll`bf

`lks hrb bhsebr tl dhnb hf` plsb ibss lc h torbht tljlto tllis hf` cefesob` wlrn surchgbs. We`b `lks hisl

ghf jb bxtrbdbiy usbcui clr olièfk stlgn hkhefst tob

crlft hprlf.

J B F G O W P L ] W

H jbfgo stlp es `bsekfb` t

vbft tob wlrnpebgb crld jpusob` lcc tob jbfgo. Ef et

pibst clrd, et dhy jb h sd

pebgb lc sgrhp gihdpb` lr

thgnb` hfywobrb lf tob j

Hf eftbkrhi stlp, wobtobr

pib wll`bf stlp obi` ef p

hf` ht tob rekot obekot jy

telf, wb`kb lr h sedpib sg

lr lfb lc tob vhrelusiy `bs

chgtlry-dh`b dbthi stlps

dlrb glfvbfebft hf` lctb

telfs hs tob ihst stlp ef h

jbfgo`lks.

H jbfgo weto vesbs, bvbf wobf bvbrytoefk es ef tlp glfètelf hf` pbrcbgtiy hàustb`, es steii lfiy ohic tob hssbt et dekot jb‐ufibss et

fesob` weto h vhrebty lc `bvegbs, sugo hs jbfgo`lks, oli`chsts hf` jbfgo ollns

H oli`chst rbdhefs lfb lc tob dlst vbrshteib pebgbs lc bquepdbft

ylu ghf lwf. Pobrb hrb vhrelus dl`brf clrds hvheihjib, jut tob

sedpibst I-sohpb` erlf jhr efsbrtb` ef hfy glfvbfebftiy jlrb` olib

ef tob jbfgotlp es bccegebft. Wedpiy nflgn tob tlp lc tob oli`chst

tl sbgurb tob wlrnpebgb, hf` oet tob jhgn lc tob oli`chst tl rb-

ibhsb tob wlrnpebgb. H oli`chst―s twl dhef h`vhfthkbs hrb ets

hjeiety tl oli` l``-sohpb`, ciht hf` rbgthfkuihr pebgbs, hf` tob

chgt toht et ghf jb plsetelfb` hfywobrb lf tob jbfgo. @lf―t hkl-

fezb lvbr wobrb tl jlrb tob cerst olib‐ylu efbvethjiy weii fbb` tl

jlrb hfltobr olib sldbwobrb bisb. H phrteguihriy usbcui pihgb es

fbhr h vesb sl toht tob vesb hf` oli`chst ghf jb usb` tlkbtobr ef h

vhrebty lc whys. Li`br jbfgobs typeghiiy wbrb jlrb` ef vhrelus

pihgbs hilfk tob ibfkto.

O L I @ C H W P W J B F G O O L L N W

Pob dlst glddlf `bvegb clr sbgurefk sdhii wlrnpebgbs tl

jbfgo es tob jbfgo olln. Poes ghf jb dh`b ef h vhrebty lc w

hf` dhy cufgtelf hs h sedpib shwefk supplrt, h shwefk kue

wobf nbrcb` bxhgtiy ht 5=½, 02½ lr hfy ltobr sedpib lr gld

hfkib, lr hs h glfvbfebft bf`-krhef solltefk jilgn.

[ll`bf `lk,

weto wll`bf

sprefk

Dbthi `lk

We`b `lk

Wedpibst1

fheib` tl

jbfgo

Hàusthjib1

dhy jb wb`kb`

lr sgrbwb`

Dhfuchgturb`1 dbthi,

obekot hàustb` jy

eftbkrhi sgrbw

Wedpib hfkib` erlf

ef jlrb` olib

Ciht jhr

ef sibbvb Cuiiy hàusthjib

ef ciuso gliihr

]rlve`b ùst

krllvb .

Gut ihrkbr krllvb

clr olièfk rluf`

wlrn.

Rsb `lwbis

kiub rhtobr

sgrbw lr fh

ollns.

Gut nbrcs clr

hggurhtb

detbrefk.

Rsb h fhrrlw pher tl supplrt

ilfk pebgbs.

Rsb hs h

soll tefk jilg

tl tred bf` k

hggurhtbiy.



2= C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K ]oltls1 Pl

nfbw toht wobf E bvbftuhiiy klt hrluf` tl jueièfk dy `rbhd

wlrnjbfgo, et wlui` ohvb tl dbbt h cbw jhseg rbquerbdbfts.

Et wlui` ohvb tl jb stur`y bfluko tl ihst h cbw iecbtedbs. Et

wlui` ohvb tl ohvb stlrhkb uf`brfbhto. Hf` et wlui` ohvb tl

ohvb kll` crlft hf` bf` vesbs sl toht E wlui`f―t ohvb tl `l h ilt

tl kbt h wlrnpebgb obi` sbgurbiy.

Ef 855?, E cefhiiy jueit dy jbfgo. Hf` E―d pibhsb` tl shy toht hctbr

cevb ybhrs lc obhvy wlrn, et ohs cuiceiib` dy bxpbgthtelfs, hf` tobf

sldb. Et―s rlgn slie` hf` ohs pibfty lc usbcui stlrhkb, tohfns tl 82

`rhwbrs hf` hf hrbh lc lpbf sphgb jbtwbbf tob jhsb hf` tob tlp.

Jueièfk sugo h ihrkb wlrnjbfgo ghf jb hf eftede`htefk thsn, jut

et―s hgtuhiiy jhseg wll`wlrnefk. Pob lfiy phrts lc tob jbfgo tohtghii clr hfytoefk ltobr tohf strhekotclrwhr` jesguet hf` dlrtesb-

hf`-tbflf alefbry es tob bf` vesb. [obtobr ylu `bge`b tl juei` toes

jbfgo usefk tob cli`lut pihfs lr h`` tob bf` vesb tl h jbfgo ylu

hirbh`y ohvb, toes hrtegib whins ylu torluko tob prlgbss.

Sesbs, jbfgo`lks hf` h jlhr` ahgn obip hfgolr wlrnpebgbsPob crlft hf` bf` vesbs, hilfk weto jbfgo`lks hf` h jlhr` ahgn,

lccbr pibfty lc gihdpefk lptelfs.

Ef tob crlft lc tob jbfgo E oh` pihffb` tl usb h typeghi gh

vesb weto wll` ahws uftei E rhf hgrlss hf Eftbrfbt h` clr h usb

tbrfdhnbr―s vesb, hf` E glui`f―t rbsest tob tbdpthtelf tl ju

vesb, jueit ef tob 857=s jy tob Bddbrt Dhfuchgturefk Gl.,

db tl gihdp h wlrnpebgb ef hidlst hfy plsetelf. ]httbrfdhn

vlr toes typb lc vesb jbghusb et hàusts ef sbvbrhi pihfbs, dh

plssejib tl oli` wlrn lc hidlst hfy sohpb. Ienb db, ylu―ii

selfhiiy sbb h usb` Bddbrt vesb lccbrb` clr shib lf tob Ef

Hisl, ylu ghf sldbtedbs cef` tobd ht vefthkb tlli `bhibrs lr

rhrbiy, ht cibh dhrnbts. Bxpbgt tl phy upwhr`s lc $2== clr

kll` glfètelf.

Dy vesb es lfb lc tob ihrkbr lfbs Bddbrt prlùgb`. Dl`bprlùgtelfs lc tob vesb hrb hvheihjib ef dlstiy sdhiibr sezb

brhiiy hjlut 82 ef. ilfk. Wldb lc tobsb hrb cheriy efbxpbfsevb

$7==, hf` tob quhiety es `bgbft. Oekobr-quhiety lfbs ghf gls

tohf $8,===.

H sieèfk jlhr` ahgn obips suppl rt ilfk, we`b stlgn, w

crlft bf` lc tob stlgn obi` ef tob Bddbrt vesb. Pob jlhr`

h`hptb` èrbgtiy crld lfb E cluf` ef Pob [lrnjbfgo Jlln j

Ihfès (Pob Phuftlf ]rbss, 85?;), dlèceb` lfiy siekotiy tl

Zlgn-Wlie [lrnjbfgo

Zbh`y-dh`b ohr`whrb sedpiecebs bf`-vesb glfstrugtelf

J U A L F I B ] ] L

E



R p p b r b f ` r h e i s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 0 e f . w e ` b j y

: 8 e f .

i l f k

B f ` ` e v e ` b r s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 0 8 ⁀ : e f . w e ` b

j y : 8 e f .

i l f k

D l u f t e f k g i b h t s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y : e f . w e ` b j y

7 e f .

i l f k

B f ` p h f b i s ,

7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 5 8 ⁀ ? e f . w e ` b

j y : 8 ; ⁀ ? e f .

i l f k

I l w b r b f ` r h e i s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 0 8 ⁀ : e f . w e ` b j y

: 8 e f .

i l f k

B f ` s t e i b s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 0 8 ⁀ : e f . w e ` b

j y 7 8 8 ⁀ : e f .

i l f k

] i y w l l ` ` r h w b r - g h s b

b f ` s ,

7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n

j y : 8 e f . w e ` b j y

: 0 e f .

i l f k ,

e f g i u ` e f k

8 ⁀ : - e f .

s l i e ` - w l l `

b ` k e f k

O l r e z l f t h i c r h d b s ,

: 0 e f . w e ` b j y 3 8 8 ⁀ : e f .

i l f k ,

h r b d h ` b c r l d

8 7 ⁀ 0 - e f . -

t o e g n j y 0 8 ⁀ 0 - e f . -

w e ` b s t l g n .

J l h r ` - a h g n

i l w b r r u f f b r ,

8 8 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y

8 2 ⁀ ? e f . w e ` b j y

8 = 8 ⁀ 0 e f .

i l f k

O l r e z l f t h i

p i y w l l ` p h f b i s ,

8 ⁀ : e f .

t o e g n

J h g n p h f b i s ,

7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 8 0

; ⁀ ? e f . w e ` b

j y 8 3 7 ⁀ ? e f .

i l f k

J h g n

s t e i b s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n

j y 2 8 ⁀ 0 e f . w e ` b

j y 7 8

8 ⁀ : e f .

i l f k

G i b h t , 8 7 ⁀ 0 e f

.

t o e g n j y : e f

.

w e ` b j y 8 3 2

⁀ ? e f .

i l f k

G i b h r h f g b c l r

k u e ` b p i h t b

B f ` p h f b i

d l r t e s b ,

7 ⁀ 0 e f .

w e ` b j y 8 ⁀ : e f .

` b b p

j y 5 8 ⁀ 0 e f .

i l f k

J h g n ` e v e ` b r s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 0 8 ⁀ : e f . w e ` b

j y 8 2 8 ⁀ : e f .

i l f k

O l r e z l f t h i s u p p l r t s ,

8 8 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y

7 8 ⁀ 0 e f . w e ` b

C e i i b r j i l g n ,

8 2 ⁀ ? e f .

s q u h r b

J h g n r h e i s ,

8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y 0 8 ⁀ : e f . w e ` b

j y 2 8 e f .

i l f k

7 8 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

2 e f .

C r l f t h p r l f ,

8 2 ⁀ ? e f .

t o e g n j y 0 e f . w e ` b

j y ? = 8 ⁀ ? e f .

i l f k

y

y

7 7 7 ⁀ ? e f .

i l f k

k

k

k

J h g n h p r l f ,

8 2 ⁀ ? e f .


5 0 8 ⁀ :

e f .

i l f k

3 8 ⁀ : e f .

8 ; 2 ⁀ ? e f .

W o l r t b f ` g h p ,

7 7 ⁀ ? e f .


: ? 8 ⁀ : e f .

i l f k

H i i j l i t s

h r b 7 ⁀ ? e f .

` e h .

J l h r ` - a h g n u p p b r

r u f f b r ,

7 ⁀ ? e f .

t o e g n

j y 8 8 8 ⁀ 8 3

e f . w e ` b j y

8 = 8 ⁀ 0 e f .

i l f k

J l h r ` - a h g n t r h g n ,

8 8 ⁀ : e f .

t o e g n j y : e f . w e ` b j y

3 8 8 ⁀ : e f .

i l f k

] i y w l l ` ` r h w

b r - g h s b

` e v e ` b r s ,

8 8 ⁀ : e f .

t o e g n

j y : 8 e f . w e ` b j y : 0 e f .

i l f k ,

e f g i u ` e f

k 8 ⁀ : - e f .

s l i e ` - w l l ` b ` k e f k

J l h r ` - a h g n c h g b ,

; ⁀ ? e f .

t o e g n j y ; 2 ⁀ ? e f . w e ` b

j y : : e f .

i l f k

B h

g o j l h r ` - a h g n b i j l w e s

d h

` b c r l d h

j i l g n d b h s u r e f k

8 7

⁀ 0 e f .

t o e g n j y : 8 ⁀ 0 e f . w e ` b

j y

3 e f .

i l f k .

8 = 0 e f .

7 2 e f .

Hfhtldylc

h s t u r ` y j b f g o

P o b j h s b l c t o e s j b f g o , d l ` b i b ` h c t b r

t o b l f b d h s t b r w l l ` w l r n b r Z l j b r t

[ o e t i b y j u e i t c l r o e s j b f g o , g l f s e s t s l c

c e v b c r h d b - h f ` - p h f b i h s s b d j i e b s ‐ t w l

b f ` c r h d b s , h j h g n c r h d b h f ` t w l o l r -

e z l f t h i c r h d b s ‐ j l i t b ` t l k b t o b r w e t o

g h r r e h k b j l i t s . H f ` w o e i b E w l u i ` f ― t b x -

h g t i y g h i i t o e s h n f l g n ` l w f j b f g o , e t

g h f j b ` e s h s s b d j i b ` .

E a l e f b ` t o b p h f b i c r h d b s w e t o h

` l u j i b r l w l c # : = j e s g u e t s , d l s t i y

j b g h u s b l c s p b b ` h f ` g l f v b f e b f g b .

P o b j h s b g h r g h s b s b b s d l s t i y g l d -

p r b s s e l f i l h ` s l f v b r t e g h i k r h e f

d b d j b r s r h t o b r t o h f r h g n e f k c l r g b s ,

w o e g o w l u i ` s t r b s s t o b j e s g u e t a l e f t s .

H p u r e s t w l u i ` o h v b u s b ` d l r t e s b s

h f ` t b f l f s o b r b . J u t E ― v b o h ` f l

t r l u j i b u s e f k j e s g u e t s e f t o e s n e f ` l c

h p p i e g h t e l f .

P o b t l p e s d h ` b c r l d o h r ` - d h p i b

i h d e f h t e l f s c h g b - k i u b ` t l k b t o b r . B h g o

b f ` l c t o b j b f g o o h s h i l f k t b f l f .

I h t b r , w o b f h p h e r l c g h p s e s d h ` b ,

b h g o t b f l f c e t s e f t l h d l r t e s b e f t o b

g l r r b s p l f ` e f k g h p p e b g b s .

E u s b ` h g e r g u i h r s h w t l g u t t o b

t b f l f s . [ e t o h s t r h e k o t b ` k b g i h d p b `

t l t o b j b f g o t l p t l k u e ` b t o b s h w , E

d h ` b s b v b r h i g r l s s g u t n b r c s h f ` g o e s -

b i b ` h w h y t o b w h s t b .

J l t o t o b i l f k h f ` s o l r t b f ` g h p s

h r b d l r t e s b ` t l h g g b p t t o b t b f l f s l f

b h g o b f ` l c t o b j b f g o .

P l h i i l w t o b t l p t l d l v b , t o b b f `

g h p s h r b f ― t k i u b ` e f p i h g b . E f s t b h ` ,

b h g o l f b e s o b i ` e f p i h g b w e t o h p h e r l c

j l i t s . L f b l c t o b j l i t o l i b s l f b h g o

b f ` g h p e s s i l t t b ` s l t o h t e t g h f d l v b

w e t o t o b t l p . L f g b E o h ` t o b b f ` g h p s

d l u f t b ` , E c i h t t b f b ` t o b b f t e r b j b f g o -

t l p u s e f k o h f ` p i h f b s h f ` w e f ` e f k

s t e g n s . D l u f t e f k h f B d d b r t v e s b e s

r b i h t e v b i y s e d p i b , h i t o l u k o t o b y h r b l c -

t b f o b h v y ( d e f b e s h j l u t ? 2 i j s . ) . P o b

v e s b e t s b i c d l u f t s l f h i h r k b o e f k b

t o h t ― s d l r t e s b ` e f t l t o b t l p c h g b l c

t o b j b f g o t l p h f ` h i s l t o b c r l f t c h g b

l c t o b c r l f t h p r l f . P l h i i l w g i b h r h f g b

c l r t o b v e s b s g r b w , h g o h f f b i e s g u t

e f t l t o b u f ` b r s e ` b l c t o b h p r l f h f `

t o b j b f g o t l p .

8 0 7 ⁀ 0 e f .

3 2 e f .

: 0 8 ⁀ 0 e f .

7 7 ; ⁀ ? e f .

7 = e f .



j b f g o . P

o b j l t t l d t r h g n s g r b w s t l t o b j l t t l d c r h d b , g h p t u r e f k

t o b j l h r ` a h g n . H f l g g h s e l f h i h p p i e g h t e l f l c p h s t b w h x t l t o b

t r h g n s n b b p s t o b a h g n s i e ` e f k s d l l t o i y .

B f ` v

e s b h

` ` s v b r s h t e i e t y

E l r e k e f h i i y g l f s e ` b r b ` h g l d d b r g e h i i y d h ` b t w e f - s g r b w b f `

v e s b , j u t e f t o b b f ` t o b b x t r h v b r s h t e i e t y t o h t h t r h ` e t e l f h i v e s b l c -

c b r s o h s d h ` b t o b b c c l r t w l r t o w o e i b .

[ o b t o b r y l u j u e i ` d y

j b f g o c r l d t o b k r l u f ` u p l r f l t , h ` ` e f k h f b f ` v e s b t l h w l r n -

j

b f g o w e i i d h n b e t d u g o d l r b u s b r - c r e b f ` i y . J u e i ` e f k t o b b f `

v e s b e s h i s l t o b t r e g n e b s t p h r t l c t o b p r l g b s s .

P o b b f ` - v e s b o h r ` w h r b g l f s e s t s l c c l u r p h r t s ( t o b v e s b o h r ` w h r b

e s

h v h e i h j i b c r l d [ l l ` g r h c t ‐ ? = = - : : 2 - 8 8 2 7 ) 1 h d h e f p i h t b t o h t e f -

g i u ` b s h g y i e f ` r e g h i f u t > h i l f k s g r b w w e t o h c i h f k b ` j r h g n b t h f `

o

h f ` i b g l i i h r > h t l p k u e ` b p i h t b w e t o h i b f k t o w e s b k r l l v b h f ` h

p

h e r l c t o r b h ` b ` j l i t o l i b s > h f ` h j l t t l d k u e ` b p i h t b w e t o h g l r -

r b s p l f ` e f k k r l l v b h f ` h p h e r l c g l u f t b r s u f n t o r l u k o - o l i b s . H

p

h e r l c j l i t s e s h i s l e f g i u ` b ` . J y t o b w h y , e t ― s e d p l r t h f t t l o h v b

B F

@ -

S E W B G L

F

W P Z R G P E L

F

P o b d h e f p i h t b e s d l u f t b ` t l t o b b ` k b l c t o b j b f g o t l p

w e t o w l l ` s g r b w s h f ` e s t o b l f i y v e s b p h r t t o h t ` l b s f ― t

d l v b .

H i i l c t o b l t o b r w l l ` h f ` s t b b i v e s b p h r t s s e d p i y

s i e ` b j h g n h f ` c l r t o h i l f k t o b d h e f p i h t b .

A h w ,

: ; ⁀ ?

e f .

t o e g n

j y 0 8 7 ⁀ 8 3

e f . w e ` b

j y ; 7 ⁀ ?

e f .

i l f k

I l w b r

k u e ` b

p i h t b

W p i e f b s ,

8 ⁀ 0

e f .

t o e g n

j y

8 ⁀ :

e f .

w e ` b

G l r b ,

7 e f .

t o e g n j y

7 8 ⁀ ?

e f . w e ` b j y

8 5 7 ⁀ 0

e f .

i l f k

R p p b r

k u e ` b p i h t b

I l w b r

k u e ` b

p i h t b G

i b h t

D h e f p i h t b

J l i t p h s s b s

t o r l u k o t o b g l r b

h f ` t o r b h ` s e f t l

t o b u p p b r k u e ` b

p i h t b .

G l r b e s

s g r b w b `

t l t o b

v e s b .

S e s b

R p p b r

k u e ` b p i h t b

K r l l v b

Z b g b s s

J b f g o t l p

P l p ,

8 7 ⁀ 8 3

e f .

t o e g n j y 7 e f .

w e ` b j y 8 ? 8 ⁀ ?

e f .

i l f k

C r l f t , 8 8 8 ⁀ 8 3

e f .

t o e g n

j y 0 8 7 ⁀ 8 3

e f . w e ` b j y

: : ; ⁀ ?

e f .

i l f k ,

e f g i u ` e f k : 7 ⁀ ? - e f . -

i l f k

` l v b t h e i s

@ l k - o l i b j i l g n ,

8 8 8 ⁀ 8 3

e f .

t o e g n j y

0 8 7 ⁀ 8 3

e f . w e ` b j y

8 5 2 ⁀ ?

e f .

i l f k ,

e f g i u ` e f k 7 ⁀ 0 - e f .

i l f k

t b f l f s

B f ` ,

: ; ⁀ ?

e f .

t o e g n j y

0 8 7 ⁀ 8 3

e f . w e ` b

j y 3 7 ⁀ ?

e f .

i l f k

p i h

t b . H

` ` 8 ⁀ 3 0

e f . l r s l c l r g i b h r h f g b , t

o b f r e p t o b g l r b t l w e ` t o .

F l

w g i h d p t o b t w l k u e ` b p i h t b s t l t o b g l r b h f ` t r y s i e ` e f k t o b

g l r b h i l f k t o b d h e f p i h t b . E

c t o b c e t e s t l l i l l s b , r b d l v b t o b p i h t b s ,

t o b

f r u f t o b g l r b t o r l u k o h t o e g n f b s s p i h f b r , j u t d h n b t o b g u t h f

b s p b g e h i i y t o e f l f b . Z b p b h t h s f b b ` b ` . E

c t o b c e t e s t l l t e k o t , h ` `

s o e d s t l g n j b t w b b f t o b g l r b h f ` h k u e ` b p i h t b .

G

u t t o b g l r b t l i b f k t o h f ` ` r e i i h g i b h r h f g b o l i b c l r t o b v e s b

s g r

b w e f l f b b f ` . P o b f o l i i l w l u t t o b g b f t b r l c t o b g l r b u s e f k h

C l r s t f b r j e t , h f ` g i b h f u p w o h t r b d h e f s w e t o h g o e s b i . F l w u s b t o b

t l p

k u e ` b p i h t b t l d h r n t o b i l g h t e l f s l c t o b d l u f t e f k o l i b s l f

b h g o b f ` l c t o b v e s b . P

o b b f ` l c t o b p i h t b s o l u i ` j b c i u s o w e t o t o b

` r e i i b ` b f ` l c t o b g l r b . P l p r l v e ` b h i e t t i b g i b h r h f g b j b t w b b f t o b

g l r b h f ` t o b d h e f p i h t b , t

o b s i l t e f t o b k u e ` b p i h t b s o l u i ` b x t b f `

p h s t t o b b ` k b l c t o b g l r b j y f l d l r b t o h f h j l u t 8 ⁀ 7 : e f .

L f g b

d h

r n b ` , u s b h ` r e i i p r b s s t l j l r b t o b o l i b s .

G u

t h f ` h s s b d j i b t o b b f ` - v e s b p h r t s ‐ H c t b r g u t t e f k t o b c r l f t ,

b f ` , t l p ,

a h w h f ` ` l k - o l i b j i l g n t l s e z b ,

e t ― s t e d b t l t h g n i b t o b

t o b o h r ` w h r b l f o h f ` j b c l r b d h n e f k t o b v e s b .

W l d b l c t o b ` e -

d b f s e l f s h r b t h n b f ` e r b g t i y l c c t o b s t b b i p h r t s .

P o b d h e f p i h t b e s s g r b w b ` t l t o b b ` k b l c t o b j b f g o t l p . H

i i l c t o b

l t o b r p h r t s , b

c c b g t e v b i y w l r n e f k h s l f b g l d p l f b f t , s e d p i y s i e ` b

h i l f k t o b d h e f p i h t b . L f b b f ` l c t o b i l f k s g r b w e s h t t h g o b ` t l t o b

l u t s e ` b b f ` l c t o b v e s b , w

o e i b t o b l t o b r b f ` e s t o r b h ` b ` e f t l t o b f u t

l f t o b d h e f p i h t b . H s t o b s g r b w e s t u r f b ` , e t t o r b h ` s e f l r l u t l c t o b

c e x b ` f u t , h f ` e f t o b p r l g b s s t o b v e s b e s g h r r e b ` h i l f k c l r t o b r e ` b .

P o b t l p h f ` j l t t l d k u e ` b p i h t b s g l f f b g t t o b v e s b h f ` t o b d h e f

p i h t b w o e i b h i i l w e f k t o b v e s b t l s i e ` b . P o b s b g r b t o b r b e s t o b s e f k i b

i b f k t o w e s b k r l l v b f b h r l f b b ` k b l c b h g o k u e ` b p i h t b . P

o b k r l l v b s

e f t o b k u e ` b p i h t b s s e d p i y s i e ` b l v b r t o b d h e f p i h t b , o b i ` h p h r t j y

t o b w l l ` b f g l r b .

G l r b p r b v b f t s h s i l p p y c e t ‐ P o b g l r b d h e f t h e f s t o b g l r r b g t ` e s -

t h f g b j b t w b b f t o b t l p h f ` j l t t l d k u e ` b p i h t b s .

P l d h n b t o b g l r b , s t h r t j y d b h s u r e f k j b t w b b f t o b t l p h f ` j l t -

t l d k u e ` b p i h t b s w o e i b t o b t w l p h r t s h r b h s s b d j i b ` t l t o b d h e f

@ L S B P H E I E F K P O B

B F @ G H ] W

H F @ C Z L F P

L C

P O B

S E W B

G u t t o b ` l v b t h e i s . R s b h c e f b - t l l t o b ` j h g n s h w t l

g u t t o b s e ` b s l c t o b ` l v b t h e i s .

D h r n t o b p e f i l g h t e l f s

l f t o b l u t s e ` b h f `

e f s e ` b b f ` s . [ e t o t o b b f

` g h p g i h d p b ` e f h v e s b ,

t o b c r l f t p e b g b e s u s b ` h s

h t b d p i h t b t l d h r n t o b

p e f i l g h t e l f s .

G u t t o b p e f s . R s b h C l r s t f b r j e t t l r b -

d l v b d l s t l c t o b w h s t b d h t b r e h i c r l d

t o b p e f b f ` s . H g o e s b i t h n b s g h r b l c

h f y w h s t b t o h t r b d h e f s .

H v e s b w e t o k l l ` d l v b s

P o b a h w s l f h f B d d b r t p h t t b r f d h n b r ― s v e s b h ` a u s t e f

t o r b b p i h f b s , h c b h t u r b t o h t g h f p r l v b u s b c u i w o b f

g i h d p e f k l ` ` - s o h p b ` p h r t s . P o b a h w s r l t h t b 7 3 = ½

( i b c t ) , p e v l t 5 = ½ ( g b f t b r ) h f ` t h p b r ( r e k o t ) .



D H Z G O / H ] Z E I : = =

D H N E F K P O B G L Z B

Pob glrb

ve`bs h d

tl sbgurb

vesb ohr`Pob glrb e

crld h kiu

jilgn lc w

Hctbr `rei ie

tob ghvety,

goesbi tl g

up hfy wh

toht rbdh

H`` tob crlft pebgb. Hppiy kiub tl tob theis lf tob crlft pebgb hf

pefs lf tob bf` hf` ahw, tobf usb h dhiibt tl thp tob crlft eftl pi

Dluftefk

glrb. [et

uppbr kue`

pihtb tbdp

iy pihgb`

glrb tl sb

h sphgbr,

glrb hf` p

eftl tob ve

ety (tlp). P

thgo tob g

tob vesb jy

vefk clur s

torluko to

hf` eftl to

olib jilgn

tld).

Jbkef kiuefk tob vesb phrts. Kiub tob bf`, tob ahw, tob `lk-olib

jilgn hf` tob tlp. Ulu―ii fbb` sbvbrhi gihdps tl squbbzb tob clur

phrts tlkbtobr.

H W W B D J I E F K P O B S E W B

POB GLZB GLFFBGPW POB SEWB

PL POB OHZ@[HZB

Glrb

Olib clr

sgrbw

Ghvety clr

vesb sgrbw

Ghvety clr

vesb sgrbw

Dhef

pihtb

Cexb`

fut

Glrb

Pob ghvety ef tob

glrb dust jb ilfk

bfluko tl hiilw tob

vesb tl jb pihgb`

lvbr tob cexb` fut

lf tob dhef pihtb.

Kue`b pihtb

Wezb tob glrb

tl cet prbgesbiy

jbtwbbf tob

uppbr hf` ilwbr

kue` b pihtbs.

Glrb

78 ⁀ ? ef.

:2 ⁀ ? ef.

:8 ⁀ : ef.

807 ⁀ 83 ef.

7 ⁀ 0 ef.

7 ⁀ ? ef.

: ef.





[ E F P B Z : = = 7 /PW

oes ihtbst httbdpt tl `bsekf h wll`wlrnbr―s jbfgo es jueit lftob cluf`htelf lc tob `lzbfs toht ohvb krhgb` tob phkbs lc

toes pujieghtelf, sthrtefk weto Phkb Cre`―s ef tob chii lc 85;3

( C[[ #0). Oes efgiu`bs h jueit-ef tlli trhy, h solui`br vesb lf tobibct, hf` h thei vesb lf tob rekot, weto h sefkib rlw lc `lk olibs

hilfk tob crlft hprlf‐dugo èccbrbft crld tob jbfgo sbbf obrb.

Cre`―s jbfgo es h gihsseg flrtobrf-Burlpbhf `bsekf toht trhgbs etsrllts jhgn gbfturebs jbclrb tob eftrlùgtelf lc bibgtregety. Cre`―s

jbfgo hf` Crhfn Nihusz―s vbry sedeihr `bsekf h cbw ybhrs ihtbr

( C[[ #27) ohvb efciubfgb` dl`brf jbfgo juei`brs clr `bgh`bs.Wbvbrhi Cefb [ll`wlrnefk bètlrs hf` E rbgbftiy gliihjlrhtb`

lf `bsekfefk hf bssbftehi wlrnjbfgo clr tl`hy―s wll`wlrnbr, lfb

toht es strhekotclrwhr` tl juei` wetolut gldprldesefk pbrclr-

dhfgb. Poes jbfgo whs `bsekfb` tl jb h tlli‐dlrb wlrnolrsbtohf solwpebgb. [b è` flt efgiu`b trhètelfhi gldplfbfts sedpiy

clr oestlry―s shnb, hf` wb tlln h`vhfthkb lc dl`brf efflvhtelfs.

[b hisl whftb` toes jbfgo tl jb h prlabgt toht dlst wll`wlrnbrsglui` juei` usefk tllis cluf` ef hf hvbrhkb sdhii solp1 thjibshw,

plrthjib pihfbr, grlssgut shw, rlutbr, `reii prbss, hf` ohf` tllis. Pob

[lrnolrsb jbfgo gldjefbs

tob jbst lc tob li` hf` tob fbw

J U I L F W G O I B E F E F K

H F H P L D U

L C H [ L Z N J B F G O

Poes jbfgo glfsests lc (hf`

glfstrugtelf prlgbb`s ef toes lr`br)1

h trbstib jhsb alefb` weto dlrtesb-

hf`-tbflfs> h toegn tlp ihdefhtb`

crld jlhr`s sbt lf b`kb> hf` crlft

hf` bf` vesbs, jlto weto wll` ahws.

Zluf`lvbr

lf trbstib

dbdjbrs

hf` vesb ahws,

:8 ⁀ ?-ef. rhèus

@lwbis, ; ⁀ 83 ef. èh.,

gohdcbrb` lf tep

Wtrbtgobrs, 87 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn jy

we`b jy 2=2 ⁀ ? ef. ilfk lvbrh

(efgiu`bs hf bxtrh 8 ⁀ 83 ef. l tbflf clr treddefk hctbr w

Pbflfs, 8 ef. to

jy 78 ⁀ 0 ef. we`b j

78 ⁀ 83 ef. ilfk

Wquhrb `lk olibs, dh`

dbthi `lks, teitefk 7½ t

bf` vesb hf` 3 ef. l.g.,

hiekfb` weto `lks ef bf

Crlft hprlf,

87 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn jy

3 ef. we`b jy

;2 ef. ilfk

Crlft vesb ahw, 7 ef.

toegn jy 3 ef . we`b jy

8? ef. ilfk> efse`b chgb

jbvbib` 8 ⁀ ? ef. tlp tl

jlttld

Zluf` lk olibs, 7 ⁀ 0 ef.

èh., hrb hiekfb` weto `lk

olibs ef crlft vesb ahw.

7? C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K @rhwefks1 Jlj

P

Pob Bssbftehi

[lrnjbfgo



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = =

Prbstib tlp dbdjbr,

7 ef. toegn jy 7 ef.

we`b jy :27 ⁀ 0 ef. ilfk

Prbstib cbbt, 78 ⁀ : ef. toegn jy

78 ⁀ : ef. we`b jy :? ef. ilfk

Prbstib ibks, 7 ef. toegn

jy 7 ef. we`b jy 788 ⁀ 83 ef.

ilfk, efgiuèfk tbflfs

Ilwbr tbflfs, 88

⁀ : ef. toegn jy :8 ⁀ 0 ef. we`b

jy :8 ⁀ : ef. ilfk

Rppbr tbflfs, 88 ⁀ : ef. toegn jy

:8 ⁀ 0 ef. we`b jy 78 ⁀ 83 ef. ilfk

(efgiu`bs hf bxtrh 8 ⁀ 83 ef. clr

treddefk hctbr wb `kefk)

[b`kbs, 2½

Bf` ghps, 87 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn jy

3 ef. we`b jy :;7 ⁀ 0 ef. ilfk,

hrb kiub` tl tob tlp ht tob

crlft hf` jhrrbi-jlitb` ht

tob g bftbr hf` rbhr.

Wilt

Plp `lvbthei es

gbftbrb` lf silt.

Plp sihj, :8 ⁀ : ef.

toegn jy :3 ef.

we`b jy ;7

7

⁀ ? ef.ilfk lvbrhii

Plfkub, 7 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn

jy 88 ⁀ 83 ef. ilfk

Bf` vesb ahw, 7 ef.

toegn jy 32 ⁀ ? ef. we`b

jy :;7 ⁀ 0 ef. ilfk, hrb

jbvbib` 8 ⁀ ? ef. tlp tl

jlttld lf tob efse`b

chgb.

:;7 ⁀ 0 ef.

:? ef.

708 ⁀ : ef.

28 ef.

;?8 ⁀ : ef.

W L R Z G B W L C W R ] ] I U

]ZBDH@B JBFGOPL] WIHJW

Krezziy Efùstrehi

?==-2:7-0;;;> www.krezziy.gld

Ibb Shiiby Pllis

?==-?;8-?82?> www.ibbvhiiby.gld

[ll`grhct

?==-::2-8827> www.wll`grhct.gld

XREGN-ZBIBHWB CZLFP SEWB

[ll`grhct

SBZEPHW P[EF-WGZB[ SEWB

Ibb Shiiby Pllis

WPBBI JBFGO@LKW (WXRHZB)

Oekoihf` Ohr`whrb

?==-:08-3;0?> www.tllis-clr-wll`wlrnefk.

ZLRF@ JBFGO@LKW

Ibb Shiiby Pllis

8 ⁀ : ef.



0= C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

lfiy obhvy-ùty tlli E usb` whs h 7-op thjibshw. Zeppefk ilts lc ?/0dhpib puts h strhef lf bvbf h ihrkb shw, sl usb h gibhf, sohrp jih`b.

H ùrhjib wlrnjbfgo rbquerbs jbbcy phrts Hve` wll`wlrnbrs tobdsbivbs, C[[ bètlrs rbkuihriy veset solpshgrlss tob gluftry, hf` toby sbb h we`b hrrhy lc wlrnjbfgo glf-

cekurhtelfs. Ienb hii wll`wlrnbrs, toby nflw woht toby ienb hf`

`lf―t ienb. Ef tob bf` wb hii gldprldesb` h jet, jut wb rbhgob` hslie` glfsbfsus. Dy lwf efvlivbdbft hrlsb crld ohvefk spbft tob

ihst ybhr rbsbhrgoefk hf` wretefk h jlln lf wlrnjbfgobs (illn clr

et ef tob chii lc :==0 crld Pob Phuftlf ]rbss). E whs glddesselfb`

tl cefhiezb toes `bsekf, wretb tob hrtegib, hf` juei` tob jbfgo.

H toegn, slie` tlp‐ [b `bge`b` lf hf lvbrhii sezb lc :? ef. we`bjy 3 ct. ilfk. H`` h cbw efgobs clr vesb ahws, hf` et―s h fegb, jek tlp.

Pob bètlrs tolukot : ef. ef tlp toegnfbss wlui` jb pibfty, wtrh toegnfbss ht tob b`kbs, jut E dh`b toes tlp :8 ⁀ : ef. toegn jb

et whsf―t dugo dlrb ècceguit tl deii hf` ihdefhtb toegnbr p

Olwbvbr, ec ylu sthrt weto h prbdh`b jbfgo sihj, tob sth

87 ⁀ 0-ef. toegnfbss lccbrs pibfty lc dhss hf` slieèty clr sbrelustlli usb, bspbgehiiy hctbr h`èfk tob toegnbr hprlf hf` bf`

Kiuefk up tob sihj hiilwb` db tl dhgoefb tob squhrb `lk

jbclrb tob pebgbs wbrb hssbdjib`. Zluf` `lk olibs dekojbttbr lptelf clr h prbdh`b sihj jbghusb squhrb lfbs hrb j

woeib tob tlp sihj es ef pebgbs.

Obhvy, reke` jhsb‐E whftb` tob jbfgotlp hf` jhsb tl jbprlplrtelfb`. Dhfy jbfgobs E―vb sbbf illn ienb tlp-obhvy

lf spefìy ibks. Hisl, et whs edplrthft toht tob jbfgo flt rsne` hgrlss tob cillr uf`br obhvy ohf`pihfefk. H toegn trbsti

H aek dhnbs

bhsy wlrn

lc dlrtesbs

Pobrb hrb 83 dlrtesbs

(hf` tbflfs) ef tob jhsb

jut lfiy twl èccbrbft

sezbs. Dhnb twl dlrtes-

efk aeks tl spbb` up ihy-

lut hf` kue`b tob goesbis.

Pob aek es dh`b crld torbb

jilgns kiub` hf` sgrbwb`

tlkbtobr, weto h cbfgb

htthgob` lf bhgo se`b tl

ouk tob wlrnpebgb.

Ilghtb hf` ihy lut tob dlrtesbs.

[eto tob aek, toes alj solui` kl quegniy.

@reii lut dlst lc tob whstb. Pob

ihylut iefbs weii kue`b ylu. Clr tob

jief` dlrtesbs, sbt tob reii

prbss―s `bpto stlp.

Golp lut tob rbst weto goesbis.

dlvb dlst lc tob dhtbrehi weto h

goesbi jbclrb swetgoefk tl h we`br

Pob aek weii kue`b tob goesbis prbg

J H W B H W W B D J IU

Pob cbbt hrb peffb` tl tob ibks. Wthrt jy `reiiefk tob `lwbi olibs ef tob cbbt, `ry -cettefk tob alefts, hf` trhfscbrrefk

tob lwbi-olib ilghtelfs tl tob tbflfs. Pobf usb h gbftbr pufgo (gbftbr) tl lccsbt tolsb ilghtelfs siekotiy lf tob tbfl

grbhtefk tob rhw bccbgt. Ihst, hppiy kiub tl hii surchgbs, hssbdjib tob aleft, hf` revb oldb tob `lwbis (rekot).

J I E F @ D L Z P E W B - H F @ - P B F L F W H Z B ] E F F B @ C L Z W P Z B F K P O

Pob `bbp dlrtesb-

hf`-tbflf alefts hrb

betobr `rhw-peffb`

lr wb`kb` tl bfsurb

`bgh`bs lc rekeèty.

Cerst, hssbdjib tob

trbstibs, tobf h``tob ilfk strbtgobrs

tl gldpibtb tob

jhsb.



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = =]oltls1 Hsh Gorestehfh

alefb` weto peffb` lr wb`kb` dlrtesb-hf`-tbflfs, kuhrhftb

jeiety. E ihdefhtb` ?/0 iudjbr tl dhnb tobsb toegn dbdjbr

tob tlp sihj) jbghusb ?/0 es rbhèiy hvheihjib ef dlst rbkelfWpiettefk tob strbtgobrs, twl oeko hf` twl ilw, ibhvbs h p

lpbfefk clr h cuturb ghjefbt weto `rhwbrs. Pob trhètelfhi

we`b strbtgobr wlui` ohvb shvb` sldb tedb, jut et hisl

ohvb jilgnb` toes fhturhi stlrhkb hrbh.

Efflvhtevb vesbs‐Ouf`rb`s lc wll`wlrnbrs prljhjiy

shy toby glui` flt kbt torluko h `hy wetolut h glfvbftelf vesb, woego es `bsekfb` predhreiy clr gihdpefk toefks ciht

jbfgotlp jbtwbbf `lks. Ltobrs wlui` shy tob shdb clr h

`br vesb, woego lccbrs tob ghphjeiety lc gihdpefk wlrnpebgtwbbf ets ahws wetolut eftbrcbrbfgb crld kue`b jhrs lr sgrbw

Sbreths Pwef-Wgrbw Sesb efglrplrhtbs sldb lc tob ghphjei

jlto typbs, hiilwefk ilfk jlhr`s lr ihrkb phfbis tl jb gih weto jbfgo`lks hs wbii hs gihdpefk hf uprekot jlhr` up tl

we`b clr lpbrhtelfs sugo hs `lvbtheiefk. Pob twl sgrbws hr

fbgtb` weto h gohef, prbvbftefk tob ahws crld rhgnefk fl

wobrb h wlrnpebgb es ilghtb` lr woego rlw lc `lk olibs es E―vb hiwhys ilvb` tob illn hf` pbrclrdhfgb lc toegn wll`b

lf h crlft vesb jut cluf` et tbèlus tl grhfn tob ilfk sgrbw

lut glfsthftiy. E whs tbdptb` tl efsthii h ghst-erlf, quegn-

Zbglr`-styib vesb, uftei E cluf` h Kbrdhf-dh`b quegn-hgtelsgrbw hf` kue`b jhrs ht [ll`grhct. Poht hiilwb` db tl `b

wll`bf crlft ahw tl dhtgo tob lfb E dh`b clr tob Sbreths bf

[b`kb tob tlp dbdjbrs hf` strbtgobrs. Pob silts ef tob tbflfs hrb

hfkib` 2½ tl dhtgo tob wb`kb hfkib. H olib es `reiib` ht tob jhsb lc

bhgo silt tl prbvbft spiettefk. Hppiy kiub tl hii surchgbs, efgiuèfk tob

wb`kbs hf` silts> hssbdjib tob aleft> hf` revb oldb tob wb`kbs

(hjlvb), usefk h jilgn lc wll` tl prltbgt tobd crld èrbgt jilws. Ihst,

glffbgt tob twl trbstibs weto tob uppbr hf` ilwbr strbtgobrs (jbilw),

wb`kefk tober tbflfs ef pihgb.

P O Z L R K O - P B F L F W H Z B [ B @ K B @





P L L I W & W O L ] W : = =

plrthjib pihfbr lf b`kb tl gibhf bhgo b`kb hf` jrefk tob pebgbs tl

cefhi we`to. Ec tobrb―s hfy cettefk tl jb `lfb, et―s bhsebr tl `l et lf tob

tbflfs, sl gut tob dlrtesbs cerst, usefk h clur-se`b` kue`b jilgn tlobip weto tob goesbi wlrn. Pobf gut tob tbflfs lf tob thjibshw,

usefk h `h`l sbt.

Guttefk tob toudjfhei prlceib‐Clr tob fbxt thsn, guttefk h

ihrkb toudjfhei prlceib lf tob cbbt, et weii jb wlrto ylur tedb tl ef-

sthii h sohrp fbw jih`b lf tob jhf`shw. Jbclrb guttefk tob gurvb,E usb` h thjibshw hf` h grlssgut sib` tl gut tob sdhii stbp ht tob tlp

lc tob prlceib. Hctbr tob jhf`shw gut, tob sdlltoefk wbft quegniy

usefk h rhsp hf` sldb ceibs, cliilwb` jy shf`phpbr.

Hssbdjiefk tob jhsb‐Wthrt weto tob twl trbstib hssbdjiebs> et―s

greteghi toht toby jb ciht hf` squhrb. Hctbr tob `lwbis ohvb jbbf `re-

vbf oldb hf` tob kiub ohs sbt, `ry-cet hf` tobf kiub hf` wb`kb

tob strbtgobrs ef pihgb. ]ut kiub ef tob dlrtesbs hf` lf tob tbf

wbii hs lf tob wb`kbs hf` ef tob wb`kb silts. Ht bvbry stbp

why, dbhsurb èhklfhiiy tl dhnb surb bvbrytoefk sthys shf` sekot hgrlss tob trbstib tlps tl jb surb tob hssbdjiy `

twest hs ylu gihdp et. Ulur byb weii pegn up defutb vhrehtelf

Juei` tob tlpPob jlhr`s clr tob tlp hrb pihefshwf ?/0 stlgn sbt lf b`k

ihdefhtb` chgb tl chgb. Pob tlp―s cefesob` toegnfbss es :8 ⁀ : e ylu solui` bxpbgt sldb jlwefk wobf ylu rep tob jlhr`

we`br stlgn, sl rep tob jlhr`s clr tob sihj aust uf`br 7 ef. we b

tob streps ohvb sthjeiezb` clr h `hy lr twl, aleft tobd strhelfb b`kb, rep tobd lf tob thjibshw tl hjlut :7 ⁀ 0 ef., hf` tobf

tobd lf b`kb tl hjlut :2 ⁀ ? ef. Poes ibhvbs tob pebgbs 8 ⁀ ? ef. lv

tl hiilw clr cefeso pihfefk hctbr bhgo sbgtelf es kiub` up. G

silts clr tob squhrb `lks flw, woeib tob pebgbs hrb sbphrhtb

P Z E D P O B B F @ W L C P O B P L ] E F P [ L W P B ] W

Cihttbf tob sihj. H cevb-jlhr` sbgtelf lc tob tlp sihj es fhrrlw bfluko

tl cet torluko h jbfgotlp pihfbr.

Rsb tob sedpib twl-cbfgb aek solwf. Zlut `bbp silts ef jlto

se`bs lc tob sihj, tobf usb h aekshw tl gut lcc tob whstb, ibhvefk

squhrb solui`brs hf` h tlfkub toht weii c et eftl tob bf` ghps.

Flw kiub torbb sbgtelfs eftl lfb jek sihj. ]ihgb h try squhrb h

tob `lk olibs hf` usb h ilfk jhr gihdp èhklfhiiy tl glrrbgt hfy d

hiekfdbft. Hkhef, usb ilts lc gihdps hf` ghuis tl nbbp tob sbgtelf



00 C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K

Dlst wll`wlrnbrs ohvb h plrthjib surchgb pihfbr ghphjib lc pihfefk h 8:-ef.-we`b jlhr`. Wl kiub up hf` deii tob :3-ef. tlp sihj

ef torbb sbgtelfs lc cevb jlhr`s, bhgo hjib tl cet torluko tob pihfbr

hf` bhsebr tl ohfìb tohf tob cuii sihj.

Gihdpefk weto ghuis es h twl-stbp prlgbss. Cerst, hiekf tob jlhr`sjy hppiyefk gihdp prbssurb tl tob ghuis. Hctbr tob jlhr`s hrb ef

iefb, gihdp tobd tlkbtobr olrezlfthiiy. Hse`b crld strhekot ghuis,

tob ltobr nby tl suggbss es h ciht kiuefk surchgb. Pob tlp grlss-dbdjbrs lf tob jhsb clrd tob pbrcbgt pihtclrd tl prbvbft tob tlp

crld twestefk ùrefk kiub-up.

H `hdp (flt wbt) tlltojruso dhnbs solrt wlrn lc gibhfefk tob

kiub lut lc tob `lk olibs hs ilfk hs toes es `lfb eddbèhtbiy hctbrtob sihj es gihdpb` up. Lfgb tob kiub ohs sbt clr hf olur lr sl, rb-

dlvb tob ghuis hf` sgrhpb lcc tob bxgbss kiub. Ibt bhgo sihj gurblvbrfekot jbclrb dlvefk lf tl tob fbxt lfb.

]ihfb tob sbgtelfs jbclrb kiuefk up tob bfterb sihj‐Ec tob

ghuis ohvb jbbf pihgb` glrrbgtiy, tob kiub` sihj sbgtelfs solui` jbciht weto fl twest. Zbdlvb hfy ibctlvbr kiub crld tob tlp surchgbs.

Pobf, weto tob tlp surchgb lc tob sihjs `lwf lf tob pihfbr jb`,

ruf tobd torluko, thnefk iekot guts uftei tob jlttld surchgb esgibhf. Purf tob sihjs tlp-surchgb-up hf` ruf tobd torluko hkhef,

thnefk iekot guts uftei tob tlp surchgb es gibhf. Purf tobd lvbr lfgb

dlrb hf` pihfb tob uf`brse`b uftei ylu rbhgo tob : 8 ⁀ :-ef. toegnfbss.

Kiuefk tlkbtobr tob sihjs es h ilt ienb kiuefk up tob efèveùhi sbg-telfs. Hkhef, usb tob tlp grlssdbdjbrs lf tob jhsb hf` ilts lc ghuis

tl nbbp tob pebgbs hiekfb`. Pobf et―s sedpib tl gilsb tob ihst lc tob

kiub alefts. Olwbvbr, gobgn tob `lk-olib ilghtelfs weto h squhrbtl jb surb toby hii weii jb tob shdb èsthfgb crld tob bf` vesb.

H fbht tregn clr treddefk tob sihj tl ibfkto‐Flt dhfy lc uslwf h shw ghphjib lc hggurhtbiy grlssguttefk h vbry obhvy sihj hi-

dlst :8 ⁀ : ct. we`b hf` dlrb tohf 3 ct. ilfk. Clr toes prlabgt, h sedpib

rlutbr aek weii hiilw ylu, ef lfb lpbrhtelf, jlto tl tred bhghggurhtbiy hf` tl grbhtb sldb fbgbsshry alefbry (sbb tob j

poltls lf p. 07). Jy guttefk `bbp `h`lbs lf tob tlp hf` jlt

tob sihj, h tlfkub es clrdb`, woego cets eftl h silt deiib` ef

bf` ghp. Gut tob rbdhefefk 7 ⁀ 0-ef. tlfkub tl ibfkto weto h (flt hf edplrthft kiub surchgb sl flt h greteghi gut). Gut tob d

silts ef tob bf` ghps usefk h `h`l sbt lf tob thjibshw.

Efsthii tob bf` ghps hf` crlft hprlf‐Pob bf` ghps glv

bf` krhef lc tob tlp sihj hf` obip nbbp tob sihj ciht. Pob

ohf` bf` ghp hisl sbrvbs hs tob rbhr ahw clr tob bf` vesb. Pob

hprlf jbbcs up tob toegnfbss ht toes greteghi wlrn hrbh hf` hs tob rbhr ahw clr tob crlft vesb. E flt lfiy fbb`b` h strlf

gohfeghi aleft olièfk tob crlft hprlf tl tob bf` ghps, ju whftb` tob hrbhs toht hgt hs vesb ahws tl rbdhef ciht, weto f

krhef prltruèfk hs et wlui` ec E usb` torluko-`lvbtheis lr

alefts ht tob glrfbrs. Ohic-jief` `lvbtheis sbbdb` tl jb tob p

sliutelf, lrebftb` hs solwf ef tob `rhwefk lf p. 75. Hctbr guttefk tob alefbry jut jbclrb kiuefk tob bf` ghps hf

rhei ef pihgb, usb h `reii prbss tl jlrb tob olibs clr tob vesb

whrb. Dluft tob bf` ghps weto grlss-jhrrbi jlits. Pob Sbretefgiu`bs clur lc tobsb> usb twl clr bhgo bf` ghp. Hppiy kiu

hilfk tob crlft 7 ef. lr 0 ef. lc tob tlfkub hf` tob krllvb. Po

ets wll` dlvbdbft lc tob sihj tlwhr` tob jhgn lc tob jbfg

Pob crlft hprlf es htthgob` tl tob sihj weto kiub lfiy (hfcrld tob ohic-jief` `lvbtheis).

Dluft tob vesbs hf` htthgo tob tlpJlto vesbs gldb weto tolrluko efstrugtelfs, dhnefk tob ohr

strhekotclrwhr` tl dluft. Pob twef-sgrbw vesb htthgobs

jbfgo rhtobr sedpiy, weto ets twl ihrkb sgrbws phssefk toihrkb futs htthgob` tl tob effbr chgb lc tob bf` ghp. Et―s greteg

olibs ef tob crlft hf` rbhr ahws hiekf pbrcbgtiy, sl `reii tobd

E F W P H I I

P O B S E W B W ,

H ] Z L F ,

H F @ B F @

G H ] W

Jbghusb lc tob ohic-

jief` `lvbtheis, tob

bf` ghps hf` crlft

hprlf dust jb cettb`

hf` htthgob` tl tob

jbfgo lfb ht h

tedb, crld rekot tl

ibct, hs hrb tob

vesbs.

Gut tob rekot-ohf` sbt lc ohic-jief` `lvbtheis. Cerst, gut tob theis ef tob

crlft hprlf, hf` tobf gihdp tob crlft hprlf ef pihgb weto tob rekot-ohf` bf`

ghp jboef` et tl trhfscbr tob ihylut lc tob `lvbtheis.

Htthgo tob ihrkb vesb futs tl to

jhgn lc tob bf` ghp. Hisl, cefeso

tefk hf` cettefk tob `lvbtheis.



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = =

shdb tedb. Pob ibfkto lc tob gohef `btbrdefbs tob èsthfgb jbtwbbfolibs, sl ghrbcui ihylut es ef lr`br. Pob vbrteghi ilghtelf lc tob olibs

es `btbrdefb` jy h`èfk 88 ⁀ : ef. tl tob toegnfbss lc tob tlp sihj tl

hiilw tob ihrkb vesb futs tl gibhr tob uf`brse`b lc tob jbfgotlp.

Dluftefk tob crlft-vesb ohr`whrb hf` tob ihrkb wll` ahw esbvbf dlrb strhekotclrwhr`. Cerst, tob dluftefk jrhgnbt dust jb

jlitb` tl tob uf`brse`b lc tob jbfgotlp. E usb` 2 ⁀ 83-ef. ihk sgrbws.

Fbxt, tob vesb sgrbw hf` kue`b jhrs hrb ruf torluko tob jrhgnbt tlilghtb tober gibhrhfgb olibs ef tob crlft rhei. Ihst, dhnb tob ihrkb

wll` ahw hf` jlit et tl tob vesb ohr`whrb. Wldbwobrb hilfk tob

why, tob crlft ahws clr jlto vesbs dust rbgbevb tober ihrkb toudj-

fhei prlceib, e`bfteghi tl tob lfb lf tob trbstib cbbt.Lfgb ylu ohvb hii lc tob ohr`whrb hf` vesbs ef pihgb, deii h 8 ⁀ ?-ef.

jbvbi lf bhgo lc tob lutse`b ahws tl hgglddl`htb cibx ef tobohr`whrb hs tob ahws tekotbf, woego obips tobd dhefthef kll`

gihdpefk prbssurb ht tob tlp. Flw ylu ghf htthgo tob tlp tl tob

jhsb. Pwl ihk jlits hilfk tob gbftbriefb lc tob jbfgo hrb pibfty clr

htthgoefk tob jbfgotlp tl tob trbstib jhsb.

Cihttbf tob tlp hf` cefeso tob jbfgo@l tob cefhi cihttbfefk hctbr tob tlp ohs jbbf dluftb` tl tob jhsbhf` hii lc tob vesbs hrb ef pihgb. Ec ylur kiub-ups wbft wbii, hii ylu

weii ohvb tl `l es sldb sgrhpefk hf` shfèfk.

E è`f―t whft h siegn cefeso, hs jbhutecui hs et dekot jb. Gihdps,

oli`-`lwfs, hf` vesbs `bpbf` lf cregtelf tl oli` phrts sbgurbiy.Pob trhètelfhi cefeso clr h jbfgotlp es iefsbb` lei toeffb` weto

turpbftefb, woego sbhis tob wll` bfluko tl dhnb kiub rbdlvhi

prbtty bhsy jut `lbsf―t dhnb tob surchgb dlrb sieppbry tohf et esfhturhiiy. Olwbvbr, E wepb` lf h toeffb` vhrfeso clr krbhtbr prl-

tbgtelf. Pl dhnb surb dlesturb hjslrptelf es bvbf lf hii se`bs, et―s

edplrthft tl glht tob tlp hf` uf`brse`b lc tob jbfgo bquhiiy.

Ilf Wgoibefefk es h glftrejutefk bètlr.

Flw clr tob crlft vesb. Wthrt jy htthgoefk

tob dluftefk jrhgnbt uf`br tob jbfgotlp.

Pob jilgnefk uf`br tob jrhgnbt weii ef-

grbhsb tob gihdpefk ghphgety.

Ilghtb tob gibhrhfgb olibs ef tob crlft hprlf. Gihdp tob crlft hprlf hggurhtbiy ef pihgb hf

jrh`-pleft reii jet torluko tob olibs ef tob ohr`whrb tl trhfscbr tober ilghtelfs. @reii tob olibs ef

crlft hprlf hf` crlft vesb ahw ht tob shdb tedb.

Htthgo tob crlft-vesb ohr`whrb tl tob crlft ahw. Rsb tob vesb

whrb tl gihdp tob crlft ahw ef ets prlpbr plsetelf jbclrb `reiiefk cl

htthgodbft sgrbws. Ihst, gut tob ohic-jief` lvbtheis lf tob ibct-o

bf` ghp hf` htthgo et.

Hssbdjib tob ohr`whrb clr tob twef-sgrbw bf` vesb. Gieps ale

gohef ht tob prlpbr ibfkto. Hkhef, usb tob vesb ohr`whrb tl gihdp

ahw ef plsetelf jbclrb `reiiefk clr tob htthgodbft sgrbws.



C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K7? ]oltls1 Pld Jbkfhi> `rhwefks1 Wtbpobf O

H Jbfgotlp Jbfgo

B I B S H P B @

J B F G O W H S B W

UL R Z J HG N

Poes jbfgotlp jbfgo bibvhtbsh wlrnpebgb sbvbrhi efgobs

hjlvb h rbkuihr wlrnjbfgo,

sl et es dlrb gldclrthjib

tl `l sugo thsns hs guttefk,

ghrvefk, hf` rlutefk.

Clr rlutefk hf`

ohf`wlrn, toes

defejbfgo rhesbs

tob hgtelf tl h

gldclrthjib obekot

Wtrbtgobr, 88 ⁀ ? ef. toegn jy

7 ef. we`b jy 8?7 ⁀ 0 ef. ilfk,

efgiuèfk 8 ⁀ 0-ef.-ilfk tbflfs

8:8 ⁀ : ef.

87 ⁀ 0 ef.

08 ⁀ 0 ef.

77 ⁀ 0 ef.

: ef.

88 ⁀ : ef.

28 ⁀ : ef.

:0 ef.

07 ⁀ 0 ef.

77 ⁀ 0 ef.

88 ⁀ : ef.

: ef.

8; ⁀ ? ef.

Ibk, 88 ⁀ ? ef. toegn jy

:2 ⁀ ? ef. we`b jy ? ef.

ilfk, efgiuèfk 88 ⁀ 0-ef.-

ilfk tbflfs

@lk olibs,7 ⁀ 0 ef. èh.,

sphgb` :8 ⁀ : ef.

lf gbftbr

78 ⁀ 0 ef.

87 ⁀ 0 ef. PL] SEB[

CZLFP SEB[WE@B SEB[



[

ll`wlrnefk jbfgobs hrb bsekfb` tl pihgb

h wlrnpebgb ht h obekot toht―s e`bhi clr ohf`-

pihfefk. Jut tob pbrcbgt obekot clr pihfefklctbf es tll ilw clr ltobr glddlf jbfgo thsns. Clr

bxhdpib, wobf rlutefk, ghrvefk, guttefk `lvbtheis, lr

`lefk ihylut, E crbqubftiy ohvb cluf` dysbic jbft lvbr

ht hf ufgldclrthjib hfkib sl toht E glui` sbb gibhriyhf` wlrn bccbgtevbiy. [obf pbrclrdefk tobsb thsns,

E ienb tl ohvb h wlrnpebgb plsetelfb` 3 ef. tl 8= ef.

hjlvb dy whest ibvbi.Pl jrefk h wlrnpebgb tl dy

e`bhi obekot rhfkb, E dh`b h sdhii

wlrnjbfgo toht dlufts quegniytl dy rbkuihr jbfgo. [obf bxtrh

obekot es fbb`b`, tob defejbfgo

bccbgtevbiy rhesbs tob wlrnsurchgb tl dy gldclrt zlfb.

Pob jbfgo es bhsy tl dlvb, stlrbs fegbiy uf`br dyjekkbr jbfgo, hf` efgiu`bs h vesb toht prlve`bs pibfty

lc olièfk clrgb. E dh`b tob jbfgo lut lc dhpib, jut

hfy ohr`, `bfsb wll` weii wlrn.

Prbstib `bsekf es sedpib ybt strlfk

E whftb` tob jbfgotlp jbfgo tl jb hs stur`y hs dy

rbkuihr jbfgo. E sbttib` lf h trbstib-thjib `bsekf, woego

bfsurb` h slie` jbfgo hf` sedpieceb` glfstrugtelf.

Jbkef jy dhnefk tob tlp. Et ghf jb sezb` tl suet

efèveùhi fbb`s, jut hs h kbfbrhi ruib, nbbp tob tlp

sdhii bfluko tl jb dlvb` wetolut jhgn strhef. Aleft

hf` b`kb-kiub tob stlgn, tobf usb h ohf`pihfb hf`

sgrhpbr tl ibvbi hf` sdllto tob surchgbs. Guttob pebgb tl we`to hf` ibfkto.

Fbxt, deii tob

D H Z G O / H ] Z E I : = = 2

stlgn clr tob trbstib jhsb. E golsb h dlrtesb-hf`-tbflf

aleft tl glffbgt tob ibks tl tob hprlfs hf` cbbt, jut

ohic-ihp alefts wlui` wlrn wbii, tll. Gut dlrtesbs ef tob

hprlfs hf` cbbt clr tob ibks, tobf gut sohiilw dlrtesbs

gbftbrb` lf tob efse`b chgbs lc tob ibks tl ilghtb

hf` slieècy tob jlitb` alefts weto tob strbtgo-

brs. Gut hf` cet tob tbflfs lf tob ibks hf` tob

strbtgobrs. Pob strbtgobr tbflfs weii flt jb

kiub`, sl et―s bspbgehiiy edplrthft toht toby cet

wetolut hfy silp. Flw es h kll` tedb tl `reii

tob 7 ⁀ ?-ef.-èh. jlit olibs

gbftbrb` lf tob ibks.

Pob trbstib jhsb es

sgrbwb` tl tob tlp torluko

torbb gluftbrsufn olibs

ef tob jlttld lc bhgo hprlf. Bilfkhtb tob

gbftbr hf` rbhr olibs tl hiilw clr tob bx-phfself hf` glftrhgtelf lc tob tlp (sbb

tob ibct rhwefk lf tob chgefk phkb). Pl

J U A B C C D E I

Seset lur [bj setb tl sbb tob hutolr

`bdlfstrhtb tob jbfgotlp jbfgo.

cefbwll`wlrnefk.gld



kiub up tob trbstibs, sprbh` kiub ef tob dlrtesbs hf` vbry iekotiy lf tob tbflfs, puso tob phrts tlkbtobr, tobf

gihdp up. Gobgn clr squhrb hf` hàust, ec fbgbsshry.

Pob strbtgobrs fbb` tl jb `reiib` clr tob jlits toht weii oli` tob jhsb tlkbtobr. Rsb tob jlit olibs ef tob

trbstib ibks hs reii kue`bs. @ry-hssbdjib tob jhsb hf`

gihdp et tlkbtobr, jut ibhvb hggbss tl tob jlit olibs.

Jb surb tl `reii tl `bpto strhekot> usb h sbic-gbftbrefk`lwbi aek, ec ylu fbb` tl.

Dhrn tob ilghtelfs clr tob obx-fut hggbss olibs lf tob

efse`b chgbs lc tob strbtgobrs. @reii weto h 88 ⁀ 0-ef.-èh. Clrst-

fbr jet tl wetoef 7 ⁀ 83 ef. lc tob lutse`b chgb lc bhgo strbtgo-

br. Pob obx futs hf` whsobrs kl eftl tobsb olibs.

Sesb h``s vbrshteiety Pob crlft vesb dhnbs et bhsy tl gihdp h wlrnpebgb

betobr tl tob crlft lc tob jbfgo lr lf tlp lc et. [oeibE whftb` tob vesb tl jb sedpib hf` bhsy tl dhnb, E

hisl fbb`b` et tl hggbpt we`b jlhr`s clr `lvbtheiefk

ghrghsbs. Hs et turfb` lut, h glupib lc vbfbbr-prbss

sgrbws shtesceb` jlto rbquerbdbfts.Deii tob vesb ahw hf` tob jbfgo chgb tl tober `bsek-

fhtb` toegnfbssbs, tobf gut tobd tl tob shdb we`to hf`

ibfkto. Dhrn tob ilghtelfs clr tob vbfbbr-prbss-sgrbwolibs lf tob efse`b lc tob jbfgo chgb. Gihdp tob vesb ahw

hf` jbfgo chgb tlkbtobr hf` `reii torluko tob jbfgo

chgb eftl tob ahw weto h 8 ⁀ ?-ef.-èh. reii jet. Poes olib obips

hiekf tob olib clr tob vbfbbr-prbss fut weto tob lfb

clr tob sgrbw. Gobgn tob edbfselfs lc tob vbfbbr-prbss

sgrbws. E usb` h (rlukoiy) 2 ⁀ ?-ef.-èh. sgrbw, wlutse`b lc tob vbfbbr-prbss fut dbhsurefk hjlu

èh., hitoluko et thpbrb` siekotiy. @reii tob olib

sgrbw ef tob vesb ahw, hf` tob olib clr tob fut

jbfgo chgb. Pob bf` pihtb toht gldbs weto bhgo

weii flt jb usb`. Ulu ghf rbdlvb tob pihtb sed

illsbfefk tob dluftefk sgrbw.

Bfihrkb tob olib clr tob vbfbbr-prbss fut, glfgefk lf tob bf` lc tob olib fbhrbst tob jbfgotl

tob fut eftl pihgb tl gobgn ylur prlkrbss. (Pob

lf tob fut weii ruj lcc wobf et es thppb` ef ibhvefk h gibhr pegturb lc tob hrbhs toht fbb`

Ulu ghf rbdlvb tob fut jy torbhèfk tob vbfbb

sgrbw eftl pihgb hf` tobf thppefk tob bf` lc tob

(flt tob ohfìb) weto h dhiibt.

Lfgb tob fut cets, trhgb tob lutiefb lc tob cihfk

tob efse`b lc tob jbfgo chgb. Zlut hwhy bfluko

tl hiilw tob fut, hf` tob sgrbws toht weii htthg

tob chgb, tl set ciuso weto lr siekotiy jbilw tob su

Wgrbw tob futs eftl pihgb.

Gihdp tob jbfgo chgb eftl plsetelf sl toht tb`kb es ciuso weto tob jbfgotlp, hf` sgrbw to

lutbrdlst sgrbws eftl pihgb (`reii hf` gluft

peilt olibs cerst). Purf lvbr tob jbfgotlp hf` wobrb tob vbfbbr-prbss sgrbw weii gldb torlu

chgb. @bpbfèfk lf tob sezb lc ylur jbfgo, yl

ohvb tl rlut h gohffbi lf tob uf`brse`b lc tob j

tlp clr tob vbfbbr-prbss sgrbw. Dhrn bxhgtiy wob

gohffbi weii jb, tobf rbdlvb tob jbfgo chgb t

C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K0=

Kiub up tob trbstibs, tobf htthgo tob strbtgobrs. H ilfk jlit glffb

bf` lc bhgo strbtgobr tl tob trbstibs. Fltb tob hggbss olib ef tob strbtg

P Z B W P I B @ B W E K F D H N B W

C L Z H W P R Z @ U J B F G O

JHWB HWWBDJIU

Pob trbstibs hf` strbtgobrs hrb hssbdjib` usefk dlrtesb-hf`-

tbflf glfstrugtelf, kevefk tob jbfgotlp jbfgo slie` clltefk.

Cllt

Hprlf

Ibk

Wtrbtgobr

Jlit, 7 ⁀ 0 ef. èh.

jy 0 ef. ilfk

Obx

fut

Hggbss olib

`reiib` crld

tob efse`b chgb

olusbs tob

obx fut.

Pbflf, 8 ⁀ : ef.

toegn jy : ef.

we`b jy 88 ⁀ 0 ef.

ilfk

Ohr`whrb

Wlurgbs

SB FB BZ-] ZB WW

WGZB[

JBFGO ]R]

Ibb Shiiby Pllis

?==-?;8-?82?

www.ibbvhiiby.gld

[ll`grhct

?==-::2-8827

www.wll`grhct.gld



tob gohffbi. Zbhtthgo tob chgb, hf` try tl torbh` tob vesbsgrbw eftl pihgb. Zbdlvb dlrb wll` hs fbgbsshry.

Pob vbfbbr-prbss-sgrbw ohfìbs weii fbb` dlrb gibhr-

hfgb tl lpbrhtb bhseiy. Kiub wll`bf sphgbrs, rlukoiy7 ⁀ ? ef. toegn jy 87 ⁀ 0 ef. squhrb, lvbr tob vbfbbr-prbss-

sgrbw olibs. Zuf tob jet ylu usb` tl `reii tobsb olibs

torluko tob sphgbrs crld efse`b tob ahw. Pob vesb ahw weii

flt lpbf hutldhteghiiy wobf ylu illsbf tob vbfbbr-prbss sgrbws. Ulu ghf puii et lpbf dhfuhiiy, lr rbcefb tob

vesb weto twl dlèceb` 2 ⁀ ?-ef. `reii-jet stlp gliihrs lr

sohct gliihrs. Pob jlrb lc tob gliihrs dekot ohvb tl jbbfihrkb` tl cet lf tob vbfbbr-prbss sgrbw. H dhgoefb

solp ghf `l toes clr ylu, lr ylu ghf ceib et jy ohf`.

Jbfgo`lks jllst pbrclrdhfgbPob h`ètelf lc Sbreths Jbfgo ]ups hiilws db tl oli`

h wlrnpebgb lf tlp lc tob jbfgo. Ihy lut tob plsetelfs

clr olibs ef tob jbfgotlp hf` tob vesb ahw, jbefk ghrb-

cui tl hvle` tob hrbh lvbr tob vbfbbr-prbss sgrbws hf`

tob hprlf lc tob jhsb. Jlrb 7 ⁀ 0-ef.-èh. olibs hf` efsbrt

tob Jbfgo ]ups. Pob jbfgotlp olibs hrb jbst `reiib`lf tob `reii prbss, weto tob jbfgo chgb rbdlvb`.

Zbhtthgo tob chgb wobf bvbrytoefk es plsetelfb` prlpbr-

iy hf` wlrns sdlltoiy. Hppiy kiub tl tob dhtefk surchgbs,

tobf h`` tob sgrbws. Cefhiiy, dluft tob jhsb tl tob tlp

jy `revefk sgrbws torluko tob olibs ef tob hprlfs. ▮

Abcc Deiibr rufs h gustld curfeturb solp ef Goeghkl, wobrb ob

hisl lccbrs wll`wlrnefk gihssbs (www.curfeturbdhnefk.gld).

D H Z G O / H ] Z E I : = = 2

Sbfbbr-prbss sgrbw

Efsbt tob vbfbbr-prbss futs eftl tob j

lc tob jbfgo chgb. Prhgb tob cihfkb prl

(hjlvb) hf` rlut h rbgbss tl sbt tob fut c

weto tob stlgn. Wbgurb weto sgrbws (jbil

Htthgo tob jhsb. Dluft tob tlp tl tob jhsb jy `revefk torbb sgrbws torluko ol

(twl silttb`, lfb rluf`) ef bhgo hprlf.

SEWB HWWBDJIU

Jbclrb htthgoefk tob jbfgo chgb tl tob jbfgotlp, `reii tob olibs clr tob vbfbbr-prbss

sgrbws hf` efsthii tob ohr`whrb. Pob sgrbws weii gilsb tob vesb ahw, jut ylu―ii ohvb tl

puii et lpbf dhfuhiiy.

[ll` sphgbr, 7 ⁀ ? ef.

toegn jy 8 7 ⁀ 0 ef. squhrb

Plp

Sesb

ahw

Jbfgo chgb

Sbfbbr-prbss fut

dlufts crld tob jhgn

se`b lc tob chgb.

Wgrbws dluft

tob jbfgo chgb tl tob tlp.

Cihfkb lf tob

fut es ciuso weto

tob sur chgb (sbb

tob poltls ht

rekot).



Zlgn-Wlie`

Juei` toes vbrshteib wlrnjbfgo

ef h wbbnbf` clr uf`br $:2=

J U G B G E I J Z H B @ B F

]iywll` Jbfgo

C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K20



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = 3]oltls1 Dhrn Wgolcebi`> `rhwefks1 Gougn Ilgnohrt

Eoh` whftb` tl juei` h stur`y wlrnjbfgo clr sldb

tedb jut whs put lcc jy tob glst hf` gldpibxetylc h trhètelfhi ohr`wll` jbfgo. E nfbw toht sugo

jbfgobs `brevb dugo lc tober strbfkto hf` rekeèty

crld tob dlrtesbs hf` tbflfs toht alef tob crhdbwlrn,hf` E wlf`brb` ec tobrb whs h why tl gldjefb toes

alefbry weto tob efobrbft strbfkto, rekeèty, hf` èdbf-

selfhi hggurhgy lc piywll`. Pob `bsekf E grbhtb` ohs

h jhsb lc ihdefhtb` sbgtelfs lc piywll` hf` h tlp lcpiywll` hf` dbèud-`bfsety cejbrjlhr` (D@C).

Hf h`vhfthkb lc toes `bsekf es toht tob pebgb ghf jb

jueit wetolut h pihfbr lr aleftbr, pbrcbgt clr sldblfbaust kbttefk sthrtb` ef wll`wlrnefk. Clr uf`br $:2=

efgiuèfk h vesb, E ohvb h jbfgo weto tob rekeèty E `b-

serb` wetolut jrbhnefk tob jhfn.

@bsekf tob jbfgo, grbhtb h gut pihf, hf` jbkefPoes dbtol` lc glfstrugtelf ghf jb h`hptb` tl hidlsthfy sezb hf` typb lc jbfgo1 Ulu glui` bvbf glfstrugt

aust tob jhsb hf` purgohsb h rbh`y-dh`b ohr`wll`

tlp. Dy jbfgo es 77 ef. we`b jy ;: ef. ilfk jy 70 ef.

thii, h gldclrthjib obekot clr db tl wlrn ht. Et es hisl8 ⁀ ? ef. ilwbr tohf dy thjibshw, hiilwefk db tl usb tob

jbfgo hs hf huxeiehry lutcbb` thjib. Pob gut pihf E

usb` (sbb p. 23) hiilws ylu tl grbhtb h jbfgo weto ibksup tl 73 ef. ilfk, kevefk h jbfgo obekot lc 7;8 ⁀ : ef.

Hii jhsb gldplfbfts‐ibks, hprlfs, hf` strbtgo-

brs‐hrb ihdefhtelfs dh`b crld 75 ⁀ 83-ef.-we`b sihts lc 7 ⁀ 0-ef.-toegn piywll`. Wbt tob thjibshw―s cbfgb hf` rep

hii tob streps wetolut gohfkefk tob sbttefk. Ulu hiwhys

;: ef.

8= ef.

Lvbrohfk`btbrdefb`jy vesb sezb.

20; ⁀ ? ef.

7:8 ⁀ : ef.

858 ⁀ : ef.

77 ef.

:78 ⁀ : ef.

Lutbr hpr78 ⁀ : ef. we0;; ⁀ ? ef. il

Gbftbr hprlf siht,78 ⁀ : ef. we`b jy20; ⁀ ? ef. ilfk

Wlie` b`kefk,7 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn

58 ⁀ : ef.

D@C, 7 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn

]iywll`,7 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn

Rppbr gbftbr ibk siht,78 ⁀ : ef. we`b jy858 ⁀ : ef. ilfk

Ilwbr gbftbr ibksiht, 78 ⁀ : ef. we`bjy 3 ef. ilfk

Lutbr ibk siht,

78

⁀ : ef. we`b jy7:8 ⁀ : ef. ilfk

JBFGOPL] @BPHEI

@bgn sgrbw,7 ef. ilfk

JREIP-EF ALEFB

Pob hprlfs hf` ibkdh`b crld ihdefhtstreps lc 7 ⁀ 0-ef. jergopiywll`. Pob tbflfdlrtesbs hrb grbhtbùrefk tob ihdefhtprlgbss, biedefhteffbb` tl gut alefbry

Wtrbtgobrèdbfselhprlf

]lgnbt olib clrhtthgoefk tlp



C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K23

weii kbt sldb tbhrlut wobf ylu gut piywll`

ghf jb defedezb` weto h zbrl-gibhrhfgb efsbrt

thjibshw, jut ef hfy ghsb rep weto tob solw se`bpiywll` up. Ec ylu `l kbt sldb tbhrlut, iekotiy

hwhy hfy spieftbrs hf` nbbp tob tbhrlut se`b e

wobf hssbdjiefk tob gldplfbfts.Pob ihst stbp jbclrb ihdefhtefk tob gldplfbf

`reii plgnbt olibs bvbry 3 ef. lf lfb se`b lc to

lutbr hprlf pebgbs tl htthgo tob tlp weto plgnbt s

Lr ylu ghf usb tob jhttbfs `bsgrejb` lf p. 2?.

Kiub-up rbquerbs quegn wlrn, httbftelf tl `bBvbf weto kiub toht ohs h dl`brhtb hdluft ltedb, ylu dust wlrn quegniy, sl `l h `ry ruf cer

ohvb hii gldplfbfts ef lr`br. E hppiy tob kiub

dhtefk surchgbs weto h èsplshjib jruso toht ojrestibs treddb`, jut h rliibr wlui` wlrn. Ki

ihdefhtbs lf h ciht surchgb prltbgtb` jy whxb` p

LRPBZ IBK WIHPW

LRPBZ IBK WIHPW

R]]BZ GBFPBZ

IBK WIHPW

LRPBZ H]ZLF/WPZBPGOBZ WIHPW

GBFPBZ H]ZLF/WPZBPGOBZ WIHPW

JBFGOPL]

BF@

LRPBZ IBK WIHPW LRPBZ IBK WIHPW

IL[BZ GBFPBZ

IBK WIHPW

W]HGBZW CLZ IBK KIRB-R]W

R]]BZ WOBIC

IL[BZ WOBIC

BF@

LRPBZ H]ZLF/WPZBPGOBZ WIHPW

Cerstgut

::8 ⁀ : ef.

Cerst gut :78 ⁀ : ef.

Wbglf` gut

82 ef.

Pob twl lptelfhisobivbs gldb lutlc h ohic sobbtlc 7 ⁀ 0-ef.-toegnpiywll`.

Pob tlp glfsests lc h ihybr lc 7 ⁀ 0-ef. piywll` tlppb` weto 7 ⁀ 0-ef. D@C.

D H N B

P O B D L W P

L C U L R Z

] I U [ L L @Ec ylu `bge`b tl juei` hjbfgo toht es tob shdbsezb hs defb, lr lfb toht es si ekotiy th iibr, usb tobsb gut p ihfs. E usb`

:8 ⁀ : sobbts lc 0x? jergopiywll` hf` h sobbtlc D@C crld dy ilghioldb gbftbr. Ohvb ylurpiywll` sbiibr dhnb tobcerst hf` sbglf` guts hssolwf tl bhsb ohfìefk tob dhtbreh i. Ltobr dhtbrehisfbb`b` hrb :-, :8 ⁀ :-,hf` 7-ef.-ilfk `bgnsgrbws, hf` h quhrt lccrbso ]SH wll`wlrnefkkiub. E―vb usb` jltoPetbjlf` EE hf` EEE, jutphrteguihriy ef olt, `ryglfètelfs, kiubs wetobxtbf`b` lpbf tedbsdhnb hiekfdbft lc tobihdefhtelfs bhsebr.

[hstb usb` clr hssbdjiy aeks.

W]HZB WIHP W]HZB WIHP



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = 3

Glfstrugt tob hprlfs hf` strbtgobrs. Pobsb phrts glfsest lc h gbftbr strep lc piywll` toht

efgiu`bs tob twl tbflfs, hf` twl solrtbr lutbr streps toht clrd tob solui`brs lc tob tbflf.

Ohvb duitepib gihdps rbh`y clr usb.

Hssbdjib hf` kiub strbtgobrs hf` hprlfs‐ Dhnb

surb hii ienb pebgbs hrb treddb` tl bxhgtiy tob shdb

ibfkto. @rhw h iefb 78 ⁀ : ef. crld jlto bf`s lc tobilfkbr gbftbr-siht pebgbs, hf` dhrn tob bf`s lc jlto

se`bs weto hf ’_— tl efèghtb flf-kiub hrbhs. Ec ylu

hrb usefk plgnbt olibs lf tob hprlfs, dhnb surb tob

olibs hrb chgefk lutwhr` hf` upwhr`.Kiub tob torbb pebgbs lc bhgo gldplfbft tlkbtobr,

jbefk ghrbcui flt tl kbt hfy kiub lf tob tbflf bf`s.

Purf tob hssbdjiy lf b`kb sl toht tob piebs hrb chgefkup hf` efsbrt lfb bf` ef tob hprlf aek (sbb `rhwefk,

tlp rekot). Hs ylu hppiy gihdpefk prbssurb, nbbp tob

sihts hiekfb` hf` pusob` hkhefst tob aek tl dheftheftob 78 ⁀ :-ef. tbflf hf` bvbf gobbns. [obf tob kiub es

`ry, ruf jlto bxplsb`-piy se`bs lc bhgo gldplfbft

torluko tob thjibshw tl gibhf tobd up.Fbxt, dhnb tob ibks‐ ]relr tl hssbdjiy, dhnb tob

sphgbr jilgns (sbb poltls, p. 2?) hf` wrhp hjlut 2

ef. lc bhgo weto gibhr thpb. Rsb` tl grbhtb tob ilwbr

dlrtesb lf bhgo ibk, tob sphgbr es `revbf lut hctbr tobibk ohs reb`. Phpb prbvbfts kiub crld stegnefk tl tob

sphgbr. Pob ibk sthgn glfsests lc twl lutse`b sihts, tob

ilwbr gbftbr pebgb, tob sphgbr, tob uppbr gbftbr pebgb,hf` twl dlrb lutse`b sihts. Ilghtb tob uppbr hf`

ilwbr dlrtesb hrbhs hf` dhrn jlto dhtefk surchgbs sl

toht ylu weii rbdbdjbr flt tl hppiy kiub tobrb. H sedpib I-sohpb` aek obips tl ihy up tob ibks hg-

gurhtbiy. Kiub tob sihts tlkbtobr, rbdbdjbrefk tl ef-

sbrt tob sphgbr. Hctbr hssbdjiy, turf tob sthgn sl toht

tob sphgbr es stegnefk up. Rsefk jlto se`bs lc tob aek,

nbbp tob bf`s hf` b`kbs lc bhgo siht ef pbrcbgt hiekf-dbft hf` tob gbftbr sihts prbssb` tekotiy hkhefst tob

sphgbr hs ylu hppiy gihdpefk prbssurb. Hppiy twl

sdhii gihdps tl jlto lutse`b phers lc sihts toht clrd

tob uppbr dlrtesb. Hctbr tob kiub ohs sbt, dhnb gibhfup guts lf tob

thjibshw. Rsb shf`phpbr tl siekotiy gohdcbr tob jlttld

b`kbs lc tob cefesob` ibks tl prbvbft spieftbrefk lc toblutbr vbfbbr ec tob jbfgo es `rhkkb` hgrlss tob cillr.

Hssbdjib tob crhdb se`bs,tobf alef tobd weto piywll` phfbisWthrt jy `ry-cettefk tob tbflf lf bhgo bf` lc h strbtgobr

eftl ets rbspbgtevb dlrtesb. Ec h tbflf bxtbf`s jbylf`tob ibk, tred et ciuso lr siekotiy rbgbssb`. Ihy h ibk lf h

ciht surchgb prltbgtb` weto whxb` phpbr. Hppiy kiub tl

tob dlrtesb-hf`-tbflf, tobf efsbrt tob tbflf hf` gihdp

iekotiy. Rsb h ghrpbftbr―s squhrb tl jrefk tob strbtgobrhf` ibk tl bxhgtiy 5=½, hf` tekotbf tob gihdp. Zbdlvb

tob bxgbss kiub weto h `hdp gilto, put tob aleft hse`b

tl sbt, hf` hssbdjib tob sbglf` ibk hf` strbtgobr.Lfgb tob kiub ohs sbt, rbdlvb tob gihdps hf` ihy

tob ibk/strbtgobr lwf weto tob efse`b chgefk up. @reii

clur gluftbrsufn peilt olibs ht ibhst :8 ⁀ : ef. `bbp ef-tl bhgo aleft hf` `revb ef whxb` 7-ef. `bgn sgrbws.

Zbefclrgefk tob alefts ef toes dhffbr dhy flt jb

H W E D ] I B A E K H E @ W

H ] ZL F H W W B D J IU

[obf kiuefk tob strbtgobrs hf` hprl

usb h aek tl hiekf tob gbftbr siht ht to

prlpbr lccsbt tl grbhtb tob tbflf.

L f g b y l

s p r b h ` t

k i u b y l u

o h v b t l

q u e g n i y ,

` l h ` r y

c e r s t h f `

o h v b h i i

g l d p l fe f l r ` b r

78 ⁀ : ef.

7 ⁀ 0 ef.

Pep1



C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K2?

Ibk hssbdjiy. Efsbrt h thpb` sphgbr jilgn tl oli` lpbf tob ilwbr dlrtesb. Hf

I-sohpb` aek nbbps tob sbgtelfs hiekfb`. Rsb h kbfbrlus hdluft lc kiub, jut `lf―t

hppiy kiub tl tolsb hrbhs toht chgb tob sphgbr jilgn.

Gihdpefk t

ibk. [obf t

telfs ohvb j

kiub` tlkbto

turf tob hss

upwhr` hf`

tob gihdps.

phpbr prltb

tob wlrn su

[obf tob ki

`reb`, nflgn

tob thpb` sp

jilgn weto h

hf` h toef p

wll` tl rbv

dlrtesb.

fbgbsshry, jut et es vbry gobhp efsurhfgb toht tob alefts

weii oli` clrbvbr.Wthf` tob hssbdjiy lf tob cillr weto tob strbtgobr

pleftefk up. ]ihgb whxb` phpbr uf`br tob hprlf dlr-

tesb> hppiy kiub tl tob dlrtesb hf` efsbrt hf hprlftbflf, jbefk surb tob plgnbt olibs hrb lrebftb` prlp-

briy. Gobgn clr 5=± hf` gihdp tob hprlf weto h jhr

gihdp. [obf tob aleft es `ry, rbefclrgb et weto sgrbws

hf` tobf htthgo tob ltobr ibk ef tob shdb dhffbr.Pob jbfgotlp solui` rbst lf tob hprlfs, flt tob

ibks, sl ec tob tlp lc h ibk es oekobr tohf tob hprlf

tbflf, tred et ciuso. Whf` tob bxplsb` alefts lf tobibks tl rbdlvb kiub rbseùb.

Ec ylu hrb flt usefk plgnbt sgrbws tl htthgo tob tlp,

prbphrb h glupib lc :-ef.-squhrb jhttbfs weto gluftbr-sufn olibs ef twl èrbgtelfs. Gihdp tob jhttbfs ciuso

weto tob tlp efse`b b`kb lc tob hprlfs hf` htthgo tobd

weto 7-ef. `bgn sgrbws.Wthf` tob crlft hf` rbhr hssbdjiebs lf tober ibks

lf h ibvbi cillr, hf` gut twl pebgbs lc piywll` tl cet

jbtwbbf tob strbtgobrs hf` hprlfs hf` tl tob `bserb`

we`to lc tob crhdb. Pobsb se`bs weii sbrvb hs tob bf`strbtgobrs. Pobrb weii jb sphgb tl efsthii hf bf` vesb

hjlvb tob se`b lc tob jbfgo ec `bserb`. Gohdcbr tob

b`kbs lc tob se`bs. @reii gluftbrsufn olibs bvbry 7 ef.,87 ⁀ 0 ef. ef crld jlto b`kbs tl ilghtb tob sgrbws ef tob

gbftbr piy lc tob ibks. Gihdp tob se`bs ef pihgb weto

tob b`kbs ciuso weto tob lutse`b b`kbs lc tob ibks. Jbsurb tl gobgn toht tob crhdb es squhrb jy dbhsurefk

tob ehklfhi jbtwbbf lpplsetb glrfbrs> hàust uftei tob

K I R E F K P O B I

Gibhf up tob b`kbs. Hctbr tob ibks, hprlfs, hf` strbtgobrs ohvb jbbf hssbdji

jlto b`kbs phst h shwjih`b tl gibhf up kiub rbseùb hf` ibhvb tobd ht tob cefhi

we`to. Gut tob cerst b`kbs weto tob cbfgb ht 75 ⁀ 83 ef., hf` tob lpplsetb b`kbs ht 78



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = 3

èsthfgbs hrb bvbf, tobf tekotbf tob gihdps. Flw reii

peilt olibs 88 ⁀ : ef. bbp torluko tob prbvelusiy reiib`

gluftbrsufn olibs, hf` `revb :8 ⁀ :-ef. `bgn sgrbws.

Fbxt, h`` twl piywll` sobivbs, tob ilwbr lfb ht-thgob` tl tob crlft hf` rbhr strbtgobrs weto :-ef. sgrbws,

hf` tob uppbr lfb sgrbwb` tl jhttbfs htthgob` weto

7-ef. sgrbws torluko tob bf` strbtgobrs eftl tob ibks.Jbghusb tob sobivbs, se`bs, hf` tlp hrb sgrbwb` lf, tob

wolib jbfgo ghf jb èshssbdjib` clr dlvefk.

Dhnb hf` htthgo tob tlpEc ylu hrb dhnefk ylur lwf tlp, ihy tob ihybrs upse`b

`lwf, dhnefk surb lfb bf` lc tob hssbdjiy es ciuso, hf`

sgrbw tobd tlkbtobr usefk gluftbrsufn sgrbws toht weiiflt kl torluko tob tlp ihybr. Gut tob ltobr se`bs ciuso

usefk h gerguihr shw hf` strhekotb`kb lr tob thjibshw.

Hsn h crebf` tl obip pihgb tob tlp lf tob crhdb hf`plsetelf hs `bserb`. Dhrn tob glrfbrs lc tob ibks lf

tob uf`brse`b lc tob tlp. Pobf turf tob tlp lvbr hf`

dhrn tob olibs clr tob vesb(s) lf tob jlttld se`b sltoht ylu ghf `reii sdhii olibs torluko. Ulu dhy ohvb

tl h`` h sphgbr jilgn tl jrefk tob vesb ahws ibvbi weto

tob tlp. Purf tob tlp jhgn lvbr hf` usb h sph`b jet

tl reii rbgbssbs clr tob jlit obh`s ht bhgo lc tob sdhiiolibs. Pobf `reii clr tob jlits hf` htthgo tob vesb. Ht

toes pleft ylu ghf htthgo tob tlp1 ]ihgb et lf tob jbfgo

crhdb hf` sbgurb et weto tob plgnbt olibs lr jhttbfs.Pl prltbgt tob slct b`kb lc tob D@C tlp, E sgrbwb`

h slie` wll` b`kefk hrluf` tob bfterb jbfgotlp,

ibhvefk h khp clr tob vesb. @reii olibs clr jbfgo-`lks(ec `bserb`), hf` ylu hrb `lfb. Ec ylu pihf tl usb

toes jbfgo predhreiy clr kiub-ups lr cefesoefk, h kll`

golegb wlui` jb tl ihdefhtb tob tlp> ltobrwesb, hppiyh gibhr cefeso lr aust ibhvb et fhturhi.

Gbgei Jrhb`bf es h wll`wlrnbr fbhr Hfhglrtbs, [hso.

H W W B D J I E F K P O B J H W B

Jbkef weto tob crhdb

se`bs. Efsbrt tob strbtgo-

br hf` hprlf eftl tob ibk,

dhnefk surb toby dbbt ht

bxhgtiy 5=½ (8). Zbefclrgb

tob alefts weto clur 7-ef.

`bgn sgrbws. [eto tob

se`b crhdb rbstefk lf

tob cillr, h`` tob sbglf`

ibk (:). Cefhiiy, h`` tob

piywll` bf` strbtgo-

brs (7). Gihdp tobd ef pihgb, gobgn tob jhsb clr

squhrbfbss, tobf htthgo

weto sgrbws.

8

: 7



C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K?=

Et―s bxhspbrhtefk wobf E ghf―t cef` h

tlli. Rsuhiiy E nflw et―s ef h peib sldb-

wobrb, lr lf h sobic, lr lvbr tobrb

wobrb E toefn E shw et ihst… [bii, hii toht crustrhtelf es jboef` db

flw. Hctbr :; ybhrs hs h prlcbsselfhi wll`-

wlrnbr, E cefhiiy ohvb h rbhi tlli gobst.

[obf tob bètlrs hf` E `bsekfb` ’PobBssbftehi [lrnjbfgo— cbhturb` ef Pllis

& Wolps , [eftbr :==7/:==0 ( C[[ #83;,

pp. 7?-02), wb biejbrhtbiy plsetelfb` tobstrbtgobrs tl hgglddl`htb h tlli ghjefbt

hs ihrkb hs :0 ef. `bbp jy 00 ef. we`b jy

83 ef. thii. Pob e`bh whs tl cliilw up tobjbfgo hrtegib weto toes hrtegib lf olw tl

juei` h gldpibdbfthry tlli ghjefbt.

Hs weto hii lc dy prlabgts, E cerst rbw tobghjefbt cuii sghib ef torbb vebws, efgiuèfk

hii tob glfstrugtelf `btheis E glui` toefn lc.

Pwl jlxbs hrb bhsebr tl juei` hf` dlvbE ienb tob illn lc detbrb` glrfbrs hf` dh`b

toht jhseg `bgeself bhriy lf. Pobf E rbhi-

ezb` E whsf―t vbry gldclrthjib detbrefk hfb`kb lf h piywll` phfbi fbhriy 0 ct. we`b

jy lfiy hjlut : ct. ilfk, sl E `bge`b` tl

jrbhn tob ghjefbt eftl twl sbphrhtb jlxbs.

Poes dhnbs tob phrts sdhiibr hf` bhsebr

tl ohfìb, bspbgehiiy lf tob thjibshw. E

hisl ienb tob e`bh toht ec ylu ohvb tl jrbhn`lwf ylur jbfgo tl dlvb ylur solp, tob

twl jlxbs weii jb dhfhkbhjib.

Nbbp ohf` tllis gilsb ht ohf`

jut lut lc ohrd―s whyJ U I L F W G O I B E F E F K

Plli Ghjefbtclr h [lrnjbfgo

Pob wlrnjbfgo es dhpib, weto w wb`kbs ef tob trbstib alefbry. E ie

vesuhi glftrhst jbtwbbf tobsb twl w

sl E golsb dhpib piywll` clr tob gh

hf` slie` whifut clr tob `rhwbr crl

Pl dhnb surb tob ghrghsbs wlui`

up tl obhvy usb, E spiefb` tob detbr

hf` kiub` h cuii7 ⁀ 0

-ef.-toegn phfbi rhjjbt ef tob jhgn lc bhgo ghrghsb. L

crlft hf` jhgn b`kbs lc bhgo jlx, E

slie` b`kb-jhfèfk tl glvbr tob piyb`kbs hf` spiefbs.

E dbhsurb` tob obekots lc tob t

whftb` tl nbbp ef tob ghjefbt hfglvbrb` E fbb`b` dlrb sdhii `r

tohf ihrkb lfbs. E sthf`hrèzb` tob

]oltls1 Hsh



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = 3

JREI@ P[L LC POBWB

Pob chgt toht toes es h solp ghjefbt efciubfgb`

lc tob glfstrugtelf golegbs. Pwl sbphrhtb jlx

bhsebr tl dhnb tohf lfb jek lfb. ]iywll` gh

hrb alefb` weto detbrs hf` spiefbs hf` `rbssb

weto slie`-wll` b`kb-jhfèfk hf` `rhwbr crl

]iywll` `rhwbr jlxbs kbt quegn jlx alefts, h

crlfts, hf` glddbrgehi sie`bs.

7 ⁀ 0-ef. piywll`

Krllvb,8 ⁀ ? ef. toegn jy7 ⁀ ? ef. `bbp

Wpiefb,8 ⁀ ?-ef. piywll`,2 ⁀ ? ef. we`b

Jhgn phfbi, 7 ⁀ 0-ef. piywll`,

:88 ⁀ 0 ef. we`b jy 828 ⁀ 0 ef. thii

Zhjjbt, 7 ⁀ ? ef. `bbp

jy 7 ⁀ 0 ef. we`b

B`kb-jhf8 ⁀ 0 ef. toeg7 ⁀ 0 ef. we`

Efsb

refk

Wgrbws

`rhwbr

@rhwbr crlft,8 ⁀ :-ef. piywll`,

85 8/: ef. ilfk

@rhwbr jlttld,8 ⁀ 0-ef. piywll`,

:88 ⁀ : ef. `bbp

jy 85 ef. we`b

Krllvb,8 ⁀ 0 ef. `bbp

jy 8 ⁀ 0 ef.

we`b, 8 ⁀ 0 ef.

crld jlttld

b`kb

83 ef.

:: ef. :08 ⁀ 0 ef.

:7 ⁀ ? ef.

:7 ⁀ ? ef.

78

⁀ 0 ef.

38 ⁀ : ef.

Khp clr `rhwbr sie`bs, 8 ⁀ : ef.

8; ⁀ ? ef.

8; ⁀ ? ef.

:7 ⁀ 0 ef.

2; ⁀ ? ef.

Obhvy-ùty,

cuii-bxtbfself

`rhwbr sie`bHppieb` `rhwbr crlft,7 ⁀ 0-ef.-toegn ohr`wll`

Detbrb` glrfbr aleft

J

@rhwbr se`b,8 ⁀ :-ef. piywll`,

:: ef. ilfk

Zhjjb

jhgn 7 ⁀ ? ef. 7 ⁀ 0 ef.

@rhwbr `bpto, :: ef.

@rhwefks1 Jlj Ih ]leftb

CZLFP SEB[ WE@B SEB[

Wgrbw tbdplrh

oli`s `rhwbr

crlft.



C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K?:

DEPBZB@ ] I U [ LL@

D H N B W C L Z X R E G N

G L F W P Z R G P E L F

Pob alefbry es gut lf tob thjibshw, hf`

phgnefk thpb `rhws tob alefts tlkbtobr

tekotiy. Clr h uteiety ghjefbt ienb toes, et

es quegnbr tl hppiy b`kb-jhfèfk hctbr

hssbdjiy.

et cets illsbiy eftl h sefkib jih`b nillsb cet, weto kiub, es bfluko tl p

sldb efsurhfgb clr tob detbr alefts

cet es tll tekot, tob spiefbs weii jefèfsbrtb` ef tob hirbh`y-hssbdjib` jl

poltl, chgefk phkb). Hfkib tob thj

jih`b ht bxhgtiy 02½ clr tob spiefb [obf reppefk tob spiefb dhtbrehi tl

ibhvb pibfty lc gibhrhfgb ef tob silt

b`kefk hctbrwhr`. Poes ibt db gut rhjjbts

hf` spiefb silts hii tob why torluko lf

tob thjibshw, jbghusb tob crlft hf` jhgnb`kbs wlui` jb glvbrb` ihtbr. Hisl, tob

ilfk detbrs oh` tl jb pbrcbgt lfiy ht tober

lutbrdlst b`kbs.Pob cerst stbp es tl gut hii tob ghrghsb

pebgbs hjlut 8 ef. lvbrsezb, dhnefk surb

tob pebgbs hrb pbrcbgtiy squhrb. Fbxt, dhrn

tob b`kbs toht kbt tob detbr guts hf` rhj-

jbts1 Et es hwcuiiy bhsy tl detbr lr rhjjbt

tob wrlfk b`kbs. Hfkib tob thjibshw jih`b aust h jet jb-

ylf` 02½ tl bfsurb toht tob lutse`b, ves-

ejib b`kbs weii jb tekot. Ec ylu gut clur

sdhii shdpib pebgbs, ylu ghf usb thpb tl wrhp tobd eftl h jlx tl gobgn ylur detbr

hfkibs. Rsb vbry ciht piywll` clr hii lc

tob ghjefbt phrts> ec et es jlwb` et dekotiect lcc tob shw―s thjib fbhr tob jih`b hf`

tob detbrs wlf―t jb hggurhtb. Ihst, gut tob

rhjjbts clr tob jhgns.Wpiefbs rbefclrgb tob detbrs‐ E usb`

8 ⁀ ?-ef. piywll` clr tob spiefb dhtbrehi, hs

Detbr tob b`kbs lc tob

phfbis. Hfkib tob shw-

jih`b aust jbylf` 02½ tl

bfsurb tekot glrfbrs. Wfbhn

up lf tob cefhi we`to, hf`

tobf gut tob rbst lc tob

phrts tl sezb.

Wilt tob b`kbs clr spiefbs. Hfkib tob s

jih`b ht bxhgtiy 02½ hf` ilghtb tob krll

tlwhr` tob cht glrfbr lc tob b`kb.

sezbs hs dugo hs E glui` sl toht E glui`

dhnb sbvbrhi phrts lc tob shdb sezb. Ulur

tllis eccbr crld defb, sl sezb tob rhwbrshgglrèfkiy.

Lfb sobbt lc 7 ⁀ 0-ef. dhpib piywll` es

pibfty clr tob ghrghsbs. E usb` torbb 2x2sobbts lc Jhiteg-jergo piywll` clr tob

`rhwbrs, lfb 8 ⁀ : ef. toegn clr tob `rhwbr

se`bs hf` twl 8 ⁀ 0 ef. toegn clr tob jlttlds.Obhvy-ùty, jhii-jbhrefk `rhwbr sie`bs

lccbr sdllto hgtelf hf` cuii bxtbfself, sl

toby wbrb hf bhsy golegb. E usb` Hggure`b

7?7: sie`bs rhtb` ht 8== ij., woego solui` jb

pibfty strlfk, bvbf wobf E puii lut h rhwbr

siekotiy tl obip supplrt h we`b jlhr` lr

phfbi obi` lf b`kb ef tob crlft vesb.Clr rhwbr puiis, E golsb efsbt jrhss refk

puiis, woego dhtgo tob jrhss jbfgo`lks

hf` wlf―t ghtgo lf glr`s.

Detbr hf` spiefb tob ghjefbt phrtsWldb clins dekot prbcbr tl b`kb-jhf` tobpiywll` jbclrb guttefk tob detbrs hf` hs-

sbdjiefk tob jlxbs, jut E golsb tl `l tob

Ghjefbt jlxbsGHJEFBP ALEFBZU

7 ⁀ 0-ef. piywll`

Krllvbs,8 ⁀ ? ef. toegn jy7 ⁀ ? ef. `bbp

8 ⁀ 0 ef. crld

efse`b glrfbr

Wpiefb,8 ⁀ ?-ef. piywll`

(ibss tohf8 ⁀ ? ef. toegn),2 ⁀ ? ef. we`b



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = 3

Hppiy toef jhfèfk

bxhgt we`to, usefk

cefkbrs tl hiekf et.

bhgo pebgb cerst tl cet

detbrb` bf`s. H :7-k

degrl-peffbr ibhvbs

efvesejib olibs.

Phpb es h krbht gihdp clr detbrb` jlxbs Ulu weii efsbrt tob spiefbs crld tob crlft

hf` jhgn hctbr tob jlxbs ohvb jbbf thpbùp, sl gut tob spiefb stlgn eftl ohivbs

ibfktowesb. H jbfbcet lc efsbrtefk tob

spiefbs toes why es toht toby clrgb tob bx-gbss kiub eftl tob gbftbr lc tob aleft ef-

stbh` lc lut tob crlft hf` jhgn.

E hssbdjib detbrb` jlxbs weto strhf`b`phgnefk thpb. Flrdhiiy, E ihy `lwf tob

pebgbs ef h iefb, lutse`b chgb up, hf` ruf

glftefulus streps lc thpb hgrlss hii clur

se`bs, ibhvefk h 0-ef. lr 2-ef. thj ht tob bf`. [obf kiub es hppieb` hf` tob pebgbs hrb

wrhppb up eftl h jlx, tob thpb puts cerd,

bquhiezb` prbssurb ht tob alefts. Ef toes ghsb,

olwbvbr, E cluf` tob pebgbs tll ihrkb tl

ohfìb hii ht lfgb, sl E thpb` twl phfbis ht

h tedb hf` hssbdjib` tob jlx crld tobrb. [oeib tob kiub es wbt, efsbrt tob spiefbs

hf` tob jhgn phfbis, woego weii squhrb up

tob hssbdjiebs.

B`kb-jhf` tob ghsbsJbghusb ylu weii hppiy tob jhfèfk hctbr

tobsb uteiety ghjefbts ohvb jbbf hssbdjib`,tob bhsebst dbtol` es tl dhnb tob b`kb-

jhfèfk bxhgtiy hs we`b hs tob piywll`

es toegn. Et―s flt ohr` tl hppiy et pbrcbgtiyhiekfb` weto tob b`kbs.

Rsb tob surchgb pihfbr tl jrefk tob jhf`-

efk `lwf tl h cefhi toegnfbss lc 8 ⁀ 0 ef.Phnb sldb prbssurb lcc ylursbic jy dhn-

efk bxtrh pebgbs. E usb` h fhei kuf tl hppiy

]hgnefk thpb weii jb ylur gihdps. Clr tobsb

ihrkb jlxbs, et es bhsebst tl thpb up phers lc

phfbis ht h tedb. Pl gilsb tob alefts, puii lf tob

thpb hs ylu hppiy et.

Pwl phers lc phfbi

dhnb h jlx. Hctbr s

efk kiub lf tob detb

sthf` up tob phfbi h

jiebs hf` `rhw tob i

alefts tlkbtobr weto

thpb (hjlvb). Hppiy

tob spiefb stlgn hf`

pebgbs rlukoiy ohicw

eftl tob aleft (ibct), w

crld jlto bf`s. Fhe

kiub tob jhgn phfbi

ets rhjjbt, hf` tred

spiefbs ciuso.



C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K?0

Pob bf`s lc bhgo pebgb hrb e`bfteghi. Clr tob cerst gut, jutt tob

b`kb lc tob wlrnpebgb hkhefst tob nby.

sie`bs tl wlrn prlpbriy, et―s edplrthft tl

ohvb bxhgtiy 8 ⁀ : ef. lc sphgb lf betobr se`b lc

tob `rhwbr jlx. Poht―s lfb rbhslf tl juei`tob ghjefbt jlxbs cerst. Pobf, wobf guttefk

tob rhwbr jlx alefts, ylu dust rbhiezb toht

rhesefk lr ilwbrefk tob `h`l jih`b lf tobthjibshw weii hccbgt tob sezb lc tob cefesob`

`rhwbr jlx. Lfgb ylu ohvb sbt tob jih`b

obekot glrrbgtiy, `lf―t dlvb et.

E ruf tob jlx-aleft cefkbrs 8 ⁀ 83 ef. bxtrhilfk

sl toht E ghf shf` tobd ciuso hctbr tob rhw-

br jlx es kiub` up. Poes dbhfs guttefk tob

jlx phrts8 ⁀ ?

ef. ilfkbr tohf E fbb` tobdhf` ghrbcuiiy hàustefk tob jih`b obekot8 ⁀ 83 ef. hjlvb tob toegnfbss lc tob phrts.

Efsthii tob `rhwbr sie`bsJbghusb tobsb obhvy-ùty sie`bs ghf jb

dluftb` hfywobrb lf tob `rhwbr se`b, E whs hjib tl pihgb tobd ht tob gbftbr hf`

wlrn crld gbftbriefbs, woego es dy prbc-

brbfgb. Hctbr htthgoefk tob `rhwbr

tl tob `rhwbr jlxbs, hiekf hf` dlu

ltobr ohic lc tob sie`bs efse`b tob Pl hiekf tob sie`bs crlft tl jhgn,

sgrhp lc dhtbrehi bquhi tl tob toegnf

tob `rhwbr crlfts pius tob rbglddlccsbt. Pl hiekf tob sie`bs tlp tl j

usb h sphgbr phfbi pihgb` uf`br tob

efse`b tob ghsbs, tl jb surb toby hsthiib` ufeclrdiy.

Efetehiiy, E efsthiib` tob sie`bs wet

twl sgrbws. E klt hii tob `rhwbrs ef

hf` hàustb` sl toht toby wlrnb` prlhf` tobf E efsbrtb` tob rbst lc tob s

Hppieb` `rhwbr crlfts hrb bhsebr tFlw gldbs tob cuf phrt1 efsthiief

slie`-wll` `rhwbr crlfts. Pob gohiib

tl ohvb hs cefb hf` bvbf h khp hs plhrluf` bhgo `rhwbr crlft, woeib

efk clr sldb sorefnefk hf` swbiief

H I B W W L F E F JL_ A L E F P W

Dh`b quegniy lf tob thjibshw usefk h `h`l jih`b hf` grlssgut

aek, tobsb c efkbr alefts grbhtb quegn hf` stur`y `rhwbr jlxbs. Pob

`rhwbr sie`bs rbquerb hf bxhgt 8 ⁀ :-ef. khp lf bhgo se`b, sl juei` h

tbst `rhwbr tl èhi ef tob cefhi èdbfselfs.

tob b`kb-jhfèfk, usefk dy cefkbrteps tl

hiekf et ciuso weto tob se`bs hs E kiub` bhgo

pebgb. H :7-kh. degrl-peffbr ibhvbs hidlst

efvesejib olibs. Gihdps lr streps lc dhsn-

efk thpb ghf rbpihgb tob fheis, jut ylu weii

fbb` ilts lc tobd. [lrn ylur why hrluf`

tob b`kbs lc tob ghjefbts, cettefk hf` detbr-

efk bhgo pebgb hs ylu htthgo et.

Wezb tob `rhwbrs ghrbcuiiy Ef nbbpefk weto tob prhgteghi fhturb lc toes

prlabgt, E golsb jlx-aleftb` (hisl ghiib`

cefkbr-aleftb`) `rhwbr jlxbs weto hppieb`crlfts. Jlx alefts hrb strlfk, httrhgtevb, hf`

bhsy tl gut usefk h sib` lf tob thjibshw.

(Clr dlrb efclrdhtelf lf guttefk tobsbalefts, sbb poltls, hjlvb, hf` C[[ #80?

pp. 3=-37).

Pob hppieb` rhwbr crlfts kl lf hctbr tobjlxbs hrb ef pihgb, dhnefk tob cettefk prl-

gbss dugo bhsebr. Ef lr`br clr tob `rhwbr

WEQEFK POB CEFKBZW

@rhwbr jlxbs

Wthrt tob 8 ⁀ : -ef. -we`b cefkbrs ht tob

tlp b`kb hf` ibt tobd chii rhf`ldiyht tob jlttld.

WRJ-CBFGB/AEKJih`b obekot bquhis

toegnfbss lc ` rhwbr

se`bs + 8 ⁀ 83 ef.

8 ⁀ : ef.

@rhwbr

se`b

Aek

Nby



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = 3

Ilghtefk tob dhtefk se`b. Ciep tob cerst se`b,

put ets cerst fltgo lf tob nby, hf` gihdp et. Jutt

tob dhtefk se`b hkhefst tob cerst se`b (hjlvb).

Gut tob cerst fltgo lf tob dhtefk se`b (rekot).

Pob `h`l jih`b solui` aust gibhr tob cerst se`b.

Cet hf` htthgo tob `rhwbr crlfts. @reii h siekotiy lvb

olib ef tob rluf` dlrtesb clr h phf-obh` sgrbw. Rsb g

ghr`s tl sbt tob khps, hf` usb tob sgrbw tl ilgn tob `r

crlft ef pihgb. Pobf sgrbw tob crlft pbrdhfbftiy crld

efse`b, rbdlvb tob tbdplrhry sgrbw, hf` efsthii tob p

H tregn clr efsthiiefk sie`bs. [lrnefk lcc tob

gbftbriefbs lc tob `rhwbrs hf` sie`bs, Wgoibefefk

usbs h sphgbr phfbi tl sbt tob èsthfgb jbtwbbf

tob sie`bs hf` tob ghjefbt jlttld. H sdhii jilgn

sbts tob esthfgb crld tob crlft b`kb.

Dhnb tob sbglf` gut. Pl gut tob sbglf`

fltgo, aust pihgb tob cerst fltgo lf tob nby. Pob

cefhi fltgo lf toes `rhwbr weii jb phrtehi.

gohfkbs ef oudeèty. Cerst, gut tob `rhwbrcrlfts tl ibfkto hf` we`to sl toht toby hii

cet tlkbtobr eftl tob lpbfefk, weto fl khps.

[eto hii lc tobd ef pihgb, dhrn h gbftbriefb

clr tob cefkbr puiis, rbdlvb tob crlfts, hf`

dlrtesb clr tob puiis. Hii lc tob dlrtesefk

es `lfb bhseiy lf tob `reii prbss, weto austh jet lc goesbi wlrn hctbrwhr`.

Pob dlrtesbs clr tobsb puiis hiilw h fbht

tregn clr htthgoefk tob crlfts. @reii h gibhr-

hfgb olib ef tob rbgbss, torluko woego ylu

ghf illsbiy efsbrt h phf-obh` sgrbw. Flw

ylu ghf cet tob `rhwbr crlfts lfb ht h tedb,

weto tob phf-obh` sgrbws hiilwefk sldbhàustdbft ef hii èrbgtelfs hs ylu thnb

iekot treddefk guts crld tob b`kbs.

Lfgb tob crlfts hrb ef plsetelf, `revbsldb sgrbws eftl tobd crld efse`b tob

`rhwbr jlxbs tl ilgn tobd ef pihgb. Pobf

rbdlvb tob phf-obh` sgrbws hf` efsthiitob cefkbr puiis.

Cefesoefk upClr tobsb ghjefbts E hppieb` tob shdb cef-

eso E usb` lf tob jbfgo1 h cbw glhts lc

vhrfeso toeffb` hjlut 2=% weto turpbf-

tefb, hppieb` weto h rhk hf` rujjjbclrb et `reb`. Ihst, E h``b` h cbw

gibhts tl tob jlttlds lc tob jlxbs, tl

tobd ef pihgb lf tob ilwbr strbtgotob wlrnjbfgo.

Flw bvbrytoefk es ef ets pihgb. W

ghf―t rbdbdjbr woego `rhwbr dy defk goesbi es ef, jut E nflw et―s ef

sldbwobrb.

Ilf Wgoibefefk dhnbs curfeturb hf` sthers

Ilfk Jbhgo, Ghiec., hf` tbhgobs wll`wlrn

torlukolut tob Rfetb` Wthtbs.

EFW PH I I POB @ZH [ BZW

Pob `rhwbr crlfts hrb cet hf` hppieb` hctbr tob sie`bs hf` jlxbs hrb ef pihgb,

dhnefk et bhsebr tl hgoebvb cefb, ufeclrd khps hf` h fbht hppbhrhfgb.

OHZ@[HZ B

W L R Z G B W

HGGRZE@B CRII B_PBFWELF

JL_ @ZH[BZ WIE@B

Wbrebs 7?7:

www.rlgnibr.gld

IBB SHIIBU 88 ⁀ :-EF. ZLRF@

ZEFK ]RII

]rlùgt #==I=8.=8

www.ibbvhiiby.gld



Cefb [ll`wlrnefk ―s bètlrs bvhiuhtb` h jbfgo―s hppbhrhfgb hf` olw wbii tob vesbs

wlrnb`. Poby hisl jrlukot ef tober tllis hf` khvb bhgo jbfgo h kll` wlrnlut. Hs toby

pihfb`, shwb`, hf` golppb`, toby fltb` tob sturèfbss hf` rekeèty lc bhgo jbfgo, hf`

olw gldclrthjib toby cluf` tob wlrnefk obekot.

Bètlrs kbt h cbbi clr bhgo jbfgo

GL]UZEKOP :==3 jy Pob Phuftlf ]rbss, Efg. Glpyefk hf` èstrejutelf lc toes hrtegib es flt pbrdettb`.

C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K2? ]oltls, bxgbpt wobrb fltb`1 Dhrn Wgolcebi`> toes phkb (tlp)1 Degohbi



P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = ;

Pob jbst hrb rlgn slie`, `bh` ciht, hf` h aly tl usb

J U D H Z N W G O L C E B I @

Ht tob obhrt lc hfy wll`wlrnefk solp es hslie` wlrnjbfgo, jut tobrb ohs ilfk jbbf h

`bjhtb lvbr wobtobr et―s jbttbr tl juei` ylur

jbfgo lr juy et. Pobf tobrb es tob glfuf`rud toht

ylu fbb` h jbfgo ef lr`br tl juei` h jbfgo. Hfèc ylu toefn ylu ghf dhnb h jbfgo clr h crhgtelf lc

tob glst lc juyefk lfb, ylu dhy whft tl rbruf tob

fudjbrs1 Zbdbdjbr toht ylu ghf―t juy 8:/0 dhpib ef

juin ienb h dhfuchgturbr ghf, hf` bvbf ec ylu ohf`-

pegn ylur jlhr`s, ylu―ii ohvb tl gut hwhy sldb nflts,

sweriy krhef, lr gobgnefk. H`` ef tob glst lc sldboeko-quhiety ohr`whrb hf` ylu―ii cef` tob shvefks

dbitefk hwhy chst.

Olwbvbr, juyefk h wlrnjbfgo es rhtobr ienb solp-pefk clr solbs1 H sefkib jrhf` ghf ohvb fudbrlus

dl`bis> tob prls hf` glfs lc èccbrbft cbhturbs hrb

flt ljvelus wetolut tryefk tobd lut> hf` lfb sezb

`bcefetbiy `lbsf―t cet hii.

Pl obip sedpiecy tob prlgbss lc juyefk h jbfgo

[ll`wlrnefk `bge`b` tl tbst sldb dl`bis ob

obh`. Jbghusb pbrslfhi prbcbrbfgb pihys sugo

rlib wobf sbibgtefk h wlrnjbfgo, rhtobr tohf

sefkib hutolr, wb `bge`b` tl ibt hii tob bètlrtober shy. Wurb bfluko, lpefelfs vhreb` we`

sldb jbfgobs, jut lvbrhii tobrb whs h glfsbf

tob weffbrs. Ec ylu hrb ef tob dhrnbt clr h wlrn

toes survby solui` obip ylu pegn lfb toht suets

Olw tob jbfgobs wbrb sbibgtb` hf` tbstb`

[b golsb jbfgobs hpprlxedhtbiy 3 ct. ilfk j

we`b, weto jlto h crlft hf` h thei vesb, toht wbrb

bfluko tl sthf` up tl tob reklrs lc pihfefk, gol

hf` shwefk jy ohf`.

Bekot dhfuchgturbrs lr rbtheibrs suppieb` jb

toht dbt tobsb gretbreh. Fbhriy hii lc tobd dhnb

jbfgobs lc eccbrbft sezbs hf` weto ltobr cbhturbtob lfbs wb tbstb`, sl ec ylu ienb tob jrhf` jut f

jbfgo, gobgn tober [bj setbs clr hitbrfhtevbs.

Clr tob dlrb sujabgtevb phrt lc tob tbst, tob b

rbglr`b` olw sthjib tob jbfgo cbit, olw wbii to

wlrnb`, hf` olw bhsy tob `lks wbrb tl usb

hisl fltb` tob kbfbrhi hppbhrhfgb lc bhgo jtob quhiety lc tob cefeso> hf` tob uteiety lc hfy s

sobivbs, ghjefbts, lr tlli trhys.

[obf wb wbrb `lfb, Alof [oetb, lur solphkbr, dlvb` ef weto oes strhekotb`kb, cbbibr k

gldjefhtelf squhrb, hf` sghibs tl ljabgtevbiy d

bhgo jbfgo.

[lrnjbfgobs vhry bflrdlusiy. Ulu rbhiiy l we`b golegb wobf et gldbs tl pregb, quhiety, hf

cekurhtelf. Dlrb tohf hfy ltobr tlli ef ylur s

kll` wlrnjbfgo solui` ihst ylu h iecbtedb, sl g

wesbiy.

Dhrn Wgolcebi` es tob dhfhkefk bètlr.

Zbh`y-Dh`b

[lrnjbfgobs

P L L I P B W P


www.C efb[ll`wlrn efk. gld www.C efb[ll`wlrn efk. gld



Lr`br lfb lc tobsb jbfgobs hf`

ylu―rb ufienbiy tl sbb ets e`bfte-

ghi twef1 Ienb h jbsplnb suet crld

Whveib Zlw, bhgo prlùgt es gustld

jueit tl cet tob lwfbr―s fbb`s hf`

`bserbs. Pob lwfbr ghf spbgecy h

tlp up tl ? ct. 0 ef. ilfk hf` :0 ef.

we`b, weto lr wetolut h tlli trhy,

hf` hfy obekot. Pob thei vesb ghf jb

plsetelfb` ht betobr bf`, lr ylu ghf

spbgecy h twef-sgrbw thei vesb ht lfb lr jlto bf`s weto h `lujib rlw

lc `lk olibs.

[b lr`brb` h trhètelfhi styib lc jbfgo toht whs oekobr tohf

dlst. Flt surpresefkiy, 3-ct. 7-ef. Zl`fby @ehz, hf hsslgehtb hrt è-

rbgtlr, ilvb` tob obekot, jut h surpresefk fudjbr lc suj-3-ct. bètlrs

hisl cluf` toes obekot dlrb rbihxefk tl wlrn ht. Jlto vesbs bhrfb`

oeko dhrns clr tober Kbrdhf ohr`whrb hf` tober jbhutecui ohfìbs,

woego gldb gldpibtb weto rujjbr L-refks tl stlp tob turfb` gobrry

nfljs crld jhfkefk hkhefst tob dbthi. Pob 2=/2= jleib` iefsbb`lei hf` turpbftefb shtef cefeso hgoebvb` tob rekot jhihfgb lc prl-

tbgtefk tob wll` hf` jbefk rbfbwhjib.

Poes jbfgo cbit ienb et oh` jbbf `bsekfb` hf` jueit jy h wll`-

wlrnbr, hf` E toefn wb―` hii ilvb tl jb hjib tl jlhst toht wb―` dh`b

et lursbivbs. E suspbgt toht toes rbhslf hs wbii hs tob quhiety hf`

tob cbhturbs dh`b et lur golegb hs jbst lvbrhii.

Pob sdhiibst, iekotbst, hf` g

bst lc tob jbfgobs wb illnb

Olccdhf & Ohddbr―s dbèud

glui` ohvb jbbf lvbrsoh`lwb`

tob obhvywbekot gldpbtetelf, j

et stll` ets krluf` hf` bhrfb`

jbst-vhiub hwhr`. Pob crlft ves

phrteguihr oh` vbry iettib rhgnef

Pob dhef gretegesd whs tob ieko

lc tob jbfgo, phrteguihriy tob j

woego dh`b tob jbfgo ufsthjib wobf pusob` crld crlft tl j

(bf`-tl-bf` pihfefk prbssurb whs fl prljibd). H sliutelf wl

tl efsthii h tlli ghjefbt ef tob jhsb, hitoluko tob bibvhtb` st

brs `lf―t ibhvb

rlld. Pob `lks

vesbs wbrb sdh

wlrnb` sdllto

hitoluko tob th

krhùhiiy efgrbef obekot hs et w

bxtbf`b`. Poes

jb hf e`bhi gol

clr sldblfb il

clr hf bglflde

wbii-dh`b wlrn

jut wetolut tob

poyseghi dhss.

@lk vs. `rhwbr. [obf

h `lk es `bpilyb` ef

tob gbftrhi olibs lc tob

jbfgo, et prbvbfts tob

`rhwbr crld lpbfefk.

Lfb fegb vesb.

Pob thei vesb―s

steccfbss ghf jb

hàustb` usefk h pher lc jlits. Pob

vesb ohfìbs, weto

tober jihgn rujjbr

L-refks tl prltbgt

tob turfb` gobrry

nfljs crld oet-

tefk tob dbthi,

bhrfb` ufhfe-

dlus prhesb.

Olccdhf & Ohddbr 8808=:www.oekoihf`wll`wlrnefk.gld

]regb1 $?==

Ibfkto1 ;8 ef.

[e`to1 :: ef.

Obekot1 70 ef.

[bekot1 83: ij.

[ll`1 Burlpbhf jbbgo

Bètlrs― sglrb1 2.3

Ieb-FebisbfG R W P L D D H @ Bwww.ieb-febisbf.gld

]regb1 $8,?==

Ibfkto1 ?0 ef.

[e`to1 :0 ef.

Obekot1 7? ef.

[bekot1 :?8 ij.

[ll`1 Dhpib

Bètlrs― sglrb1 ?.2

Wlie` vesb. Pob crlft vesb

èspihyb` hidlst fl rhgn-

efk wobf tob wlrnpebgbwhs gihdpb` ht lfb bf`.


C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K3= ]oltl, chgefk phkb (jlttld ibct)1 Zl`



Sesb sthys phrhiibi. Jy

speffefk tob dbthi wobbi

uftei tob èsthfgb jbtwbbf

et hf` tob vesb ahw es siekotiy

sdhiibr tohf tob toegnfbss

lc tob wlrnpebgb, tob pebgb

ghf jb gihdpb` sbgurbiy

wetolut rhgnefk lr twestefk.

Bètlr Dhtt Jbrkbr―s glddb

’[obf E toefn lc h wlrnjbf

toes es et,— whs typeghi lc tob efe

chvlrhjib vebws lc toes wlrnjbf

Pob sobivbs hf` ilgnhjib gupj

uf`br tob jbfgo wbrb wbigldb

whs tob flfdhrrefk cbit lf tob

lc tob thei vesb. [obf pihfefk h

shwefk, tob jbfgo whs reke` hf

sthjib, jut bxtbf`b` usb bxpls

sldb prljibds. Dlst bètlrs cluf` tob ilw 777 ⁀ 0 ef. obekot j

jrbhnefk, hf` tob `lk olibs wbrb tll gilsb tl tob crlft lc tob

jbfgo tl krep we`b jlhr`s sbgurbiy. [obf gldjefb` weto tob

`lks hf` tob pllriy hiekfb` tlp lc tob crlft vesb, toes jbfgo i

bètlrs èshppleftb`, h rbhgtelf

rbcibgtb` ef ets sexto-pihgb rhfn

Ienb Dbrgb`bs-Jbfz ghrs, @ebcbf-

jhgo jbfgobs ohvb ilfk jbbf

sydjlis lc Kbrdhf bfkefbbrefk

prlwbss. H cbw ybhrs hkl, olwbvbr,

Dbrgb`bs ghrs jbkhf jbefk rbghiib`

clr `bsekf chuits hf` tob dhrqub

sieppb` `lwf tob rhfnefks ef gustld-

br shteschgtelf. Jhsb` lf tob jbfgo

wb illnb` ht, @ebcbfjhgo―s ohil dhy

hisl ohvb sieppb`. Pobrb wbrb sbvbrhi

bxhdpibs lc pllr quhiety glftrli1 Lfiy twl lc tob clur sgrbw olibs

clr htthgoefk tob tlp tl tob jhsb wbrb hiekfb` prlpbriy, hf` tob

torbh`b` rl` lf tob crlft vesb oh` tl jb jbft siekotiy tl cet et eftl

ets olib ef tob jbfgo. Pob sprefk gieps lf hii clur dbthi `lks wbrb

sl pllriy revbtb` toht toby wlui`f―t cet eftl tob olibs, hitoluko

hctbr jbefk pluf`b` lf hf hfvei hf` tobf ceib`, toby wlrnb` cefb.

Bxhdpibs lc pllr `bsekf efgiu`b tob prltruself lc tob cefkbr-

aleftb` bf` eftl tob crlft vesb hrbh. Jbghusb tob `lk olibs wbrb

sphgb` we`br tohf tob bf` vesb―s trhvbi, tobrb whs h 7 ⁀ 0-ef. `bh`zlfb wobf gihdpefk gbrthef ibfkto wlrnpebgbs (tob Ihkufh jbfgo

hisl oh` toes prljibd> sbb p. 3:).

Ef ltobr rbspbgts, toes whs h krbht wlrnjbfgo weto stlut ibks

hf` h toegn tlp, kevefk h

vbry slie` cbbi. Pob vesbs

wbrb, hs hsslgehtb hrt

èrbgtlr Nbiiy @uftlf put

et, ’fegbiy dhssevb,— hf`

tob hfte-rhgnefk wobbis

lf jlto vesbs wbrb h

sthf`lut cbhturb.

@lk klfb. Jbghusb tob `lks

wbrb tll illsb, toby sieppb` `lwf

wobf plsetelfb` hjlut8 ⁀ : ef. lr ibss hjlvb tob surchgb.

Crlft vesb tll ilw. Pob tlp lc tob crlft vesb es hjlut 8 ⁀ ? ef. jbilw

jbfgotlp.

@ebcbfjhgoKJ 83-07 S/7W/0Zwww.wlrnjbfgobs.gld

]regb1 $8,3==

Ibfkto1 37 ef.

[e`to1 :07 ⁀ ? ef.

Obekot1 728 ⁀ : ef.

[bekot1 :;8.2 ij.


Bètlrs― sglrb1 ;.3

Khrrbtt [h`b? ? H = : . = 8www.khrrbttwh`b.gld

]regb1 $8,8==

Ibfkto1 ;08 ⁀ : ef.

[e`to1 :0 ef.

Obekot1 777 ⁀ 0 ef.

[bekot1 :0: ij.




P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = ; www.C efb[ll`wlrn efk. gld



Pob ihrkbst lc tob jbfgobs w

tbstb`, tob Ihkufh hisl wh

solrtbst. Pob lvbrhii hppbhrhfg

pibhsefk hf` tob jbfgo oh` kl

sthjeiety, jut lf gilsbr efspbgte

tob glfstrugtelf hf` tob vesbs

sldbtoefk tl jb `bserb`. Pob tl

vesejiy whvy hf` èsob` =.=7=

ef sbvbrhi pihgbs efgiuèfk tob

greteghi rekot-crlft glrfbr fbhr t

thei vesb, sukkbstefk tob tlp oh` jbbf pllriy we`b-jbit shf`b

Hisl, tob tlp lc tob trbstib jhsb prltru`bs jbylf` tob crlft l

tlp, eftbrcbrefk wobf b`kb-pihfefk h ilfk jlhr`.

Pob `lks hf` `lk olibs klt dexb` rbvebws. Wldb bètlrs

`bsgrejb` tob cet hs aust rekot, woeib ltobrs cluf` tob `lks― ci

splt tll sdhii tl ilghtb wetolut h sbglf` kihfgb. [eto sldb

dl`bst rb`bsekf hf` jbttbr quhiety glftrli, toes glui` jbgld

dugo jbttbr jbfgo.

Poes jbfgo gbrthefiy illnb` èccbr-

bft crld hii tob rbst. Efstbh` lc

jbefk dh`b crld ihrkb goufns

lc jbbgo lr dhpib, Krezziy―s jbfgo

es dh`b crld tolushf`s lc streps

lc jergo, dlst fl ihrkbr tohf 7 ⁀ 0 ef.

sq., ihdefhtb` tlkbtobr. Pob tlp whs

rbihtevbiy ciht, hf` toes dbtol` lc

glfstrugtelf solui`, ef toblry, dhnb

et tob dlst sthjib lc hii tob jbfgobs.

Poht―s wobrb tob kll` fbws bf`s1 @bspetb jbefk tob obhvebst

jbfgo, wobf kevbf h alit et wljjib` sbvbrhi tedbs crld bf` tl bf`,

prljhjiy ùb tl tob sdhii strbtgobrs hf` tob uf`brsezb futs hf`

jlits toht htthgo tobd tl tob ibks. Pob crlft vesb rhgnb` hihrd-

efkiy, woeib tob thei vesb giedjb` 8 ⁀ ? ef. wobf tekotbfb`. [obf

gldjefb` weto tob chgt toht tob `lks ibhfb` jhgnwhr` uf`br

prbssurb ef tober lvbrsezb olibs, tob bccbgt whs tl rhesb tob

wlrnpebgb eftl tob her.

Pob ltobr trlujib splt es tob dhssevb `rhwbr ef tob jhsb. Obhvybvbf wobf bdpty, et es ècceguit tl lpbf wobf stlrefk hfytoefk jut

juiny, iekot ljabgts.

Kll` hf` jh` `lks. Pob Ihkufh `lks sie` ef hf` lut lc tob olib

tob rekot hdluft lc rbsesthfgb, jut bètlrs èsienb` tob sdhii ciht

Rfstbh`y wlrnpebgbs. H gldjefhtelf lc silp ef tob thei vesb hf` `lks

toht hfkib jhgnwhr` uf`br prbssurb ghusbs tob wlrnpebgb tl resb lcc

tob jbfgo wobf gihdpb`.

KrezziyO ; ; : 2www.krezziy.gld

]regb1 $?2=

Ibfkto1 ?0 ef.

[e`to1 :07 ⁀ 0 ef.

Obekot1 708 ⁀ 0 ef.

[bekot1 :55.2 ij.

[ll`1 Jergo


Ihkufh; - C P . [ L Z N J B F G Owww.ihkufhtllis.gld

]regb1 $8,732

Ibfkto1 ?58 ⁀ : ef.

[e`to1 :38 ⁀ : ef.

Obekot1 77 ef.

[bekot1 :0:.2 ij.




C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K3:



Pob Waljbrk lfiy aust dessb` tob

jbst-lvbrhii hwhr`. Efetehi gld-

dbfts wbrb ’ohf`sldb,— ’jbhutecui,—

’dhssevb,— hf` ’wbii dh`b,— hf`

gilsbr efspbgtelf rbvbhib` h fudjbr

lc ufequb hf` usbcui cbhturbs1 Pob

crlft vesb ghf jb swetgob` tl tob

lpplsetb se`b lc tob jbfgo hf` tob

jbfgo rlthtb` 8?=½ clr ibct-ohf`b`

usb> squhrb vesb ruffbrs hidlst

biedefhtb` rhgnefk `bspetb tob fbhriy :-ct. we`to lc bhgo vesb> tob

ibks hrb ciuso weto tob tlp hf` cettb` weto `lk olibs tl hiilw we`b

jlhr`s tl jb supplrtb` wobf b`kb-pihfefk. H obhvy jbfgo, tob tlp

es 7 ef. toegn weto h 0-ef.-toegn hprlf, kevefk et h vbry stur`y cbbi.

Rfequbiy, tob crlft vesb whs hisl cettb` weto h pher lc `lk olibs,

woego, gldjefb` weto tob olibs ruffefk tob ibfkto lc tob crlft hf`

jhgn se`bs, kevbs krbht gihdpefk cibxejeiety.

Pob `lks wbrb rluf` weto h ihrkb, ciht gihdpefk splt, jut h

iettib stecc hf` ohr`tl rbdlvb wobf ilw

ef tob olib. Pob lfiy

ltobr gldpiheft whs

tob siekotiy rluko hf`

ilw-iustbr lei-cefesob`

surchgb, h deflr jibd-

eso lf hf ltobrwesb

bxgbiibft jbfgo.

Lpefelfs èccbrb` sohrpiy lf

jbfgo, weto fbhriy ohic tob

tlrs pegnefk et hs jbst vhiub wo

ltobrs glfse`brb` et lvbrpregb`

dlst `bjhtb` cbhturb whs tob t

sgrbw thei vesb‐h Sbreths bxgius

]rlplfbfts getb` ets ihgn lc rhg

hf` hjeiety tl gihdp h 828 ⁀ :-ef.-w

jlhr` jbtwbbf tob kue`bs, hf`

gihedb` et tob jbst bf` vesb lf

jbfgo. Wnbptegs ghiib` et wber`, stecc, hf` abrny. Pob vesb hrrevb

ufhjib tl turf usefk lfb ohfìb. Wolp dhfhkbr Alof [oetb sp

cbw olurs tryefk tl tufb et up hf` bvbftuhiiy rbhgob` h gldp

jbtwbbf lpbrhtefk hf` flt jbefk tll sihgn. Pob trlujibsollt

theis ef tob dhfuhi sukkbst toht lur bxpbrebfgb es flt ufequb

Pob gbftbr tlli trhy edprbssb` sldb bètlrs, jut tob `bsek

dhy jb rbsplfsejib clr tob jbfgo jbefk èsob` jy =.=83 ef. h

tob gbftbr. Pob `lks gldb weto siep-lf pihsteg tlli prltbgtlrs

jut tobsb prbvbftb` tob `lks crld jbefk ilwbrb` ibss tohf hefgo hjlvb tob jbfgo hf` dust jb rbdlvb` wobf pihfefk to

stlgn. Cefhiiy, tob

wepb-gibhf cefeso

trhgtb` sldb bèt

jut ltobrs wlf`b

olw et wlui` illn

h cbw ybhrs lc usb

fl bhsy why tl rb

et. Dlrb tohf hfy

jbfgo, toes es prl

lfb tl try jbclrb

juy> ylu―ii ilvb et ibhvb et.

B`kb-pihfb we`b

pebgbs. Pob ibks hrb

ciuso weto tob se`bs lc

tob jbfgotlp hf` glf-

thef `lk olibs sl toby

ghf supplrt ilfk jlhr`s.

Waljbrk B I E P B : = = =www.wll`grhct.gld

]regb1 $8,2==

Ibfkto1 ;38 ⁀ : ef.

[e`to1 :72 ⁀ ? ef.

Obekot1 728 ⁀ : ef.

[bekot1 :;5 ij.


Bètlrs― sglrb1 ?.7

Sbreths=2H=8.=8www.ibbvhiiby.gld

]regb1 $552

Ibfkto1 ;:7 ⁀ 0 ef.

[e`to1 :3 ef.

Obekot1 72 ef.

[bekot1 8?; ij.

[ll`1 Dhpib

Bètlrs― sglrb1 3.?

[e`b gihdpefk hj

Pob ihrkb èsthfgb j

twbbf tob kue`bs ef

thei vesb hiilw we`b

tl jb gihdpb` sbgu


P L L I W & W O L ] W : = = ; www.C efb[ll`wlrn efk. gld



H kll` jbfgo vesb es fbhriy hs usbcui hs h solp hpprbftegb.

Lf dy jbfgo E ohvb h crlft vesb hf` h ihrkb thei vesb‐E

ghii tobd dy rekot- hf` ibct-ohf` dbf. Et―s ohr` tl edhkefb

wll`wlrnefk wetolut tobd> toby oli` dy wlrn cerdiy sl toht

E ghf glfgbftrhtb cuiiy lf plwbrefk hf` glftrliiefk tob tlli

E―d usefk.

Ef kbfbrhi, ylu―ii cef` vesbs ht twl ilghtelfs lf h wll`wlrnbr―s

jbfgo1 lfb lf tob ilfk se`b lc tob jbfgo, typeghiiy ht tob ibct-ohf`

glrfbr clr rekot-ohf`b` wll`wlrnbrs, hf` hfltobr lf tob solrt

se`b ht tob lpplsetb bf`.

Pob cerst, nflwf vhrelusiy hs h se`b vesb lr crlft vesb, d

tob dbfthi pegturb toht dlst pblpib ohvb lc h vesb, weto h d

ahw ghpturefk wlrn jbtwbbf et hf` tob b`kb lc tob jbfgo

Pob sbglf`, ghiib` hf bf` vesb lr thei vesb, ghf gihdp wlrn

crlft vesb, jut es dlrb lctbf usb` tl oli` jlhr`s ciht lf tob j

pefgob` jbtwbbf h pef lr `lk ef tob vesb hf` hfltobr ef

tob dhfy olibs hilfk tob jbfgotlp. Plkbtobr, tobsb twl ves

Dhnefk Wbfsb lc SesbsH usbr―s kue`b tl tob obhrt lc tob wlrnjbfgo

J U K H Z Z B P P O H G N

Rsuhiiy cluf` ht tob bf` lc tob

lpplsetb tob crlft vesb, et es usb

jbfgo`lks tl oli` wlrn ciht clr

surchgb pihfefk lr golppefk dl

BF@ SEWB

Et typeghiiy lggupebs tob ibct-crlft glrfbr

lc tob jbfgo hf` es usb` tl oli` stlgn

uprekot clr shwefk lr clr wlrnefk b`kbs.

CZLFP SEWB

D HU / A R F B : = = ; www.ce fbwll`wlrne fk. gld

GL]UZEKOP :==; jy Pob Phuftlf ]rbss, Efg. Glpyefk hf` èstrejutelf lc toes hrtegib es flt pbrdettb`.



Oli` we`b wlrnpebgbs lf b`kb. Pob vesb sgrbw prbvbfts h

we`b pebgb crld klefk hii tob why torluko tob vesb (rekot). H

gihdp sbhtb` ef h `lk olib prlve`bs bxtrh supplrt (hjlvb).

Oli` wlrn vbrteghiiy clr shwefk lvbtheis lr

pihfefk bf` krhef. H sgrhp pebgb lc sedeihr toegnfbss,

gihdpb` ef tob lpplsetb se`b lc tob vesb, prbvbfts tobvesb crld rhgnefk.

dbbt hii lc h wll`wlrnbr―s jhseg fbb`s wobf et

tl olièfk wlrn cerdiy hf` wetoef rbhgo.

Rp crlft1 h vesb tl gihdp wlrn vbrteghiiy lr lf H crlft vesb, typeghiiy cluf` lf tob jbfgo―s ibc

glrfbr, es e`bhi wobf ylu fbb` tl gihdp h jl

pihfb hf b`kb, oli` h goher ibk woeib sohpefk

oli` h jlhr` uprekot clr shwefk `lvbtheis. Pob

glddlf bsekf es quetb sedpib1 h ahw lc wll`,

erlf iefb` weto wll`, toht dlvbs weto h sefkib

hf` h P-ohfìb. Pob rbst lc tob vesb es dlrtesb

tob crlft b`kb lc tob jbfgo. Defb lpbfs hjlut

hf` ohs hjlut 0 ef. lc `bpto.

Dhfy lc tob crlft vesbs lf tob dhrnbt hrb cher

tl cet tl h jbfgotlp. Illn clr lfb toht ohs h ihrkb

weto wbii-gut Hgdb torbh`s. Pobsb hrb tob shdb

torbh`s cluf` lf kll` gihdps> toby ghf sd

`bievbr ilts lc clrgb lvbr h ilfk iecb.

Pl oli` ilfk jlhr`s, we`b phfbis, lr `llrs sb

lf b`kb ef h crlft vesb, ylu fbb` tob h``b` sup

tob bbp crlft hprlf lc tob jbfgo. ]rlpbriy efsthiicexb` ohic lc tob vesb solui` jb dlrtesb` eftl tob

sl toht tob dlvhjib ahw gihdps hkhefst tob hprl

grbhtbs h krbht `bhi lc sthjeiety, dhnefk et plss

Crlft vesbs

C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K2= Gr






Hf bf` vesb oli s wlrn ciht. Hiekfb` weto h rlw lc lk olibs, toes vesb ohs h we`b

ghphgety. Et ghf oli` sdhiibr wlrn hf` pebgbs fbhriy hs ihrkb hs tob jbfgotlp. Et―s e`bhi

clr sdlltoefk h thjibtlp.

H sbgurb krep clr grlss-krhef wlrn.

Pob bf` vesb hiilws ylu tl gihdp h phfbi

hgrlss ets we`to clr thsns sugo hs pihfefk

h jbvbi lf tob bf`.

Clr golppefk, h sphgbr nbbps tob

wlrn lcc tob vesb ahw. Pob plufèfk

glui` hdhkb tob vesb. Pob jbst supplrt

es lf tob jbfgotlp etsbic, rekot lvbr h ibk. Hf bf` vesb hisl ohfìbs hwnwhr` sohpbs. ]ebgb

toes gurvb` thjib hprlf ghf jb obi` sbgurbiy clr sgrhp

ltobr thsns.

Bf` vesbs

C E F B [ L L @ [ L Z N E F K2: ]oltls1 Wtbvb Wgltt> rhwefks1 Alof




Documents

Woodworking workbenches.pdf