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WIS: Web based IS

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WIS Definition

Networking based on Internet protocol– Standard Internet, Extranet, Intranet

Client side access based on standard (open) browser– Mozilla, Opera, MS Internet Explorer

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EvolutionTrend from IS (based on proprietary standards and tools) to WIS because of

standardizationopenness

And therefore– Uniformity of access from end user– Ease in integration and evolution

However, legacy systems remain Future advantages of WIS vs. cost of reengineering

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Related termsPortal

Web site with information or service from different subjects (Ex: Google, bestprice, ..)

B2BWeb site for interaction between companies

B2CWeb site for interaction company customer

G2GWeb site for interaction public administration to public administration

G2CWeb site for interaction public administration to citizen

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Related termsE-business

Distribution of information or service through Internet, from company– E-commerce

– Sale of product or service– E-learning

E-governmentDistribution of information or service through Internet, from public administration

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E-commerceGreat expectations (1995 ) but also great failures

Successes– Books, Music– Travel– Hardware, software– Typical food (“DOP”)

Failures– Fashion– Highly complex products– E-learning

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E-business transactionAn e-business transaction follows the schema of any commercial transaction1. Research

Input: requirements Output: potential suppliers2. Negotiation

I: potential suppliers O: supplier + contract3. Execution

I: contract O: delivered product or service4. Control

I: contract, exceptions O: management (fixing) of exceptions

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Perfect marketIn a perfect market all transactions are equalBut market is not perfect (Williamson 1975) because

Asset (product/service) is rareAsset requires customizationTransaction is infrequentAsset is complex

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Variants in transactionsRare asset: auctionComplex asset: dependence on one supplier

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Perfect market and WISIf perfect market and single transaction, only one WIS type would be neededBecause of imperfect market, many WIS types are needed

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WIS typesStandard site (informational)

Provides information on company, usually freeSearch engines

Sales site sells product or service (not free) from one company

Marketplacesells product or service (not free) from pool of companies

Auction siteNegotiation siteSpecific site / system

CRM, CMS, ERP, SCM, ..

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Informational site for companyCompany presentation

Mission, organizational chart, financial information (balance sheet, ), events, advertising campaigns on other channels

Product (service) informationText catalogue (to download)Online, hypertextual (multimedial) catalogue

Contact Postal address, email, call center

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Informational sites90% of hits is for information purpose

Information site is strategic for companies

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Informational sitesSearch engines

Google, yahoo, etcIssues

Number of web pages indexed is MUCH LESS than total number of web pages– Assuming 10G pages (2005), search engines

index 1 to 3 G– So 60% to 90% of web sites is out

Different ranking strategies (algorithms), spamdexing

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Sales siteProduct configurationProduct pricingOrdering

Order is formal, has legal implications both on customer and supplier

PaymentDebit, credit, token

State of orderCustomer care/after sale services

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Market placeSimilar functions as sale serviceProducts/services from several companies (SMEs usually)

Company specific informationCommon ordering/payment functions

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Auction siteAuction: for rare assetsonline auction (eBay)

Types of auctionsEnglish. Price from bottom up.Dutch. Price from top down.Vickrey. Offers in sealed envelopes

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Negotiation siteFor complex assets, to be customizedCustomer expresses specific needsSuppliers composes specific offer

Ex: global insurance for large company

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CRM SCM ERPRelationships from company to

Customer: CRM (customer relationship management)Suppliers: SCM (supply chain management)

Relationships within the companyERP: enterprise resource planning

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WIS - architteture

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Information site– Web server– FTP server Sales site-Application logic, dynamic pages (servlet engine for JSP pages).–W3C integration stds• Interoperability (SOAP)• Data format (XML)

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Information site

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Sales site

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Criteria to evaluate WIS qualityContenuto – rappresenta la qualità delle informazioni e dei servizi offerti dal WIS e dipende a sua volta da:– Completezza,

– Affidabilità capacità di un utente di stabilire la correttezza dei dati.

Struttura – descrive la qualità della struttura del contenuto del sito e dipende da:– Livello, che può essere centralizzato o decentralizzato, a seconda che le informazioni inerenti alle varie

unità organizzative sono gestite autonomamente da ciascuna unità, oppure gestite centralmente.– Comprensione, che indica la capacità dell’utente di costruirsi un modello mentale degli elementi

informativi contenuti e delle relazioni tra essi.Presentazione – descrive la qualità dell’interfaccia del WIS e dipende a sua volta da:

– Grafica, ovvero aspetto estetico del sito, che può essere utilizzato o per migliorare l’attrattività del sito(sfondi, grafici particolari) o per favorire la comprensione del contenuto e della navigazione.

– Coerenza nello stile– Layout di pagina, ovvero la disposizione delle informazioni e dei link nelle singole pagine.

Navigazione:– Percorsi– Intuitività.– Punti di riferimento,– Interattività