Wireless ISP InfrastructureMikroTikDirector - John TullyCTO Arnis Riekstins

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AP Platformmultiple radios per APIncrease aggregate bandwidth using non-overlapping frequenciesRe-use of network configurations such as firewalls and usersNetwork services closest to the user (PPPoE, DHCP, and PPTP)

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From AP directly to client(no router on client site) AP MAC registration tableAssign IP to MAC with ARP disabledRestricted MAC level forwarding on wireless network

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(cont) AP direct to clientPPPoE access concentratorOverviewAC configuration demonstrationWindow XP client configuration demonstrationEncryption MPPE protocol, advantages in wirelessRadius authenticationno engineer needed for account changesautomatic billing with legacy systems

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(cont) AP direct to clientBandwidth settingTx and rx settings allow you to simulate DSL offersAddress assignment

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(cont) AP direct to clientPPTPDHCP assigns private IP addressPPTP on WindowsPPTP clients available back to Windows 3.11Radius authenticationScripting to set bandwidth (in v2.6)Demonstration of setup, server and client

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From Wireless Client Router to Client LANGeneral description of client site routerProtects wireless network from hacking by customersOffer services to customersMasqueraded addressStatic NAT for servers

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From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN (cont)Multiple client connected to same routerPer interface firewallMultiple ethernet interfaces in client site routerUsing a smart switch with router and VLAN tags on a port basis (v2.6)Using an ethernet bridge and PPPoE or PPTP

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From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN (cont)MikroTik Packet Packer Protocol (M3P)Wireless has high per packet overheadNegotiating access to wireless mediumAcknowledgment and error correctionM3P packs small packets into a large wireless MAC packet and increase throughput up to four times (with 100 byte packets)Automatically discovers other MikroTik routers with this feature enabled

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From Wireless Client Router to Client LAN (cont)Services to customers beyond an IP gatewayDHCPSpecial firewall configurationsPer IP address accounting (even on masqueraded addresses)Dedicated VPN tunnel between other officesLAN bridge between other offices

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From AP to the backboneBackup Links / FailoverOSPFTunnels over non-OSPF networks to OSPF backbone networksIncreasing throughputAggregation of Interfaces multi-path routingPPTP tunnel compression

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From AP to the backbone (cont)Types of backbone connectionsadditional point to point wireless 2.4GHz interfaces using non-overlapping frequency or 5.8GHzlicensed frequency microwave systemsDSL connection from TelcoLease line from Telco using v.35 HDLC or E1/T1 interface in APUse of HomePNA 14Mb/s interface up to 1.3km with one twisted pairUse of SDSL up to 2.3Mb/s and 5km (speed decreases with distance)

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Bandwith shapingproblems when there is no shapingusers get high speed local services on a "luck" basishigh paying users may get low quality service when bandwidth is not managedbackbones to wireless may get overloadedbasic description of queues and functionwhere to put queues

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Bandwith shaping (cont)simple queue and complex queue configurationboss at client site wants better quality for himselfwebserver and mail server may be specifically shaped based on usagevaried IP subnets may be put into one group with a certain allocation

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Bandwith shaping (cont)scripting may be used to change the bandwidth speed settings for a day speed and night speedtunnels linking enterprise networks may be shaped and charged according to speedfor example, a VPN tunnel with ethernet bridging between a company warehouse LAN and main office LAN

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Bandwith shaping (cont)DEMO CONFIGURATION AREA ON ROUTER FOR SHAPING

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Interference and antenna co-location2.4GHz frequencies (three non-overlapping)omni versus sectoralbuilding top antenna co-locationplan with barriers between antenna that have an overlapping frequencyexample, concrete structure such as elevator gear box housesmount on sides of building one floor or more below roof top so that there is concrete separating the antennas

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Interference and antenna co-location (cont)2.4GHz frequencies (three non-overlapping)omni versus sectoralReflections (plus and minus)Signal may be reflected off another object to make a connection when there is no line of sightReflections may cause a direct signal to be cancelled

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Interference and antenna co-location (cont)Interference may be mistaken for cabling problemsCable is too long (10m or less is suggested for client site though locations close (less than 2km) to the AP may have very long cableWater may have gotten into the strands of the cable (cable must be replaced)

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Interference and antenna co-location (cont)Grounding may be incorrect (if you see small sparks when connecting cables)Radio cable may be located to some high voltage lines that can cause interference

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Interference and antenna co-location (cont)change polarity of overlapping frequency antennas for a 20dB dropbandwidth test when installing antennassmall movements of the mount location may make giant differencesusing antenna diversityradio power and amplifiers

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Sample system designSituation proposed by audience

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