How to Start a Wireless ISP, Manage and Grow Your Business

Copyright 2009 WISPCopyright 2009 WISP--Router, Inc.Router, Inc.Copyright 2009 WISPCopyright 2009 WISP--Router, Inc.Router, Inc.

Webinar presentation by WISPWebinar presentation by WISP--Router Router IncInc’’s Chief Technology Officer Eje s Chief Technology Officer Eje

Gustafsson in cooperation with EnGenius Gustafsson in cooperation with EnGenius TechnologiesTechnologies

EE--mail: eje@wispmail: [email protected]

How to start a wireless ISP, How to start a wireless ISP, manage and grow your business.manage and grow your business.


About your instructor Eje Gustafsson About your instructor Eje Gustafsson Network and Unix Administrator for 6 years at Aeronautical ReseNetwork and Unix Administrator for 6 years at Aeronautical Research Institute of arch Institute of

SwedenSweden–– Built Organisations first Webserver in 1993Built Organisations first Webserver in 1993–– Setup Organisations Firewall in 1995Setup Organisations Firewall in 1995–– Rebuilt network with redunant Fiberbased GigE backboneRebuilt network with redunant Fiberbased GigE backbone–– Administrated and maintained 2 Silicon Graphics SupercomputersAdministrated and maintained 2 Silicon Graphics Supercomputers–– Introduced Linux based workstationsIntroduced Linux based workstations–– Administrated 40+ Unix workstations and servers (SGI Irix, HPAdministrated 40+ Unix workstations and servers (SGI Irix, HP--UX, IBM AIX, Linux, UX, IBM AIX, Linux, OpenBSD)OpenBSD)

Backup and storage consultant at Saven for 1 yearBackup and storage consultant at Saven for 1 year–– Specialized in Legato backupSpecialized in Legato backup–– Backup Robot Systems from Sun, ATL, OverlandBackup Robot Systems from Sun, ATL, Overland–– Backup and storage design, installations, training and troublesBackup and storage design, installations, training and troubleshootinghooting

Owner of ISP and Computer Service company Family Entertainment Owner of ISP and Computer Service company Family Entertainment Network LLC Network LLC since 1999since 1999

–– Webservers, Dialup and later Wireless High Speed NetworksWebservers, Dialup and later Wireless High Speed NetworksFounder and CTO of WISPFounder and CTO of WISP--Router, Inc 2005Router, Inc 2005

–– Company Grew out of side business started under Family EntertaiCompany Grew out of side business started under Family Entertainment Networknment Network

Introduction and WelcomeIntroduction and Welcome


FCC Part 15FCC Part 15FrequenciesFrequenciesRF PropagationRF PropagationNetwork DesignNetwork DesignBusiness StrategiesBusiness StrategiesCompetitionCompetition

Important to knowImportant to know


Frequency usage governed by FCCFrequency usage governed by FCC–– Part 15 regulations for unlicensed usagePart 15 regulations for unlicensed usage

Part 15 covers an assortment of electronic equipment Part 15 covers an assortment of electronic equipment that generates RF energy whether itthat generates RF energy whether it’’s s intentionalintentional, , unintentionalunintentional or or incidentalincidental

–– DefinitionsDefinitionsInterferenceInterferenceHarmful interferenceHarmful interferenceSpurious EmissionsSpurious EmissionsIntentional RadiatorIntentional RadiatorUnintentional radiatorUnintentional radiatorIncidental RadiatorIncidental RadiatorDigital DeviceDigital DeviceClass B digital deviceClass B digital device

FCC and Part 15 RegulationsFCC and Part 15 Regulations


Signal levels are very small not likely to cause harmful interfSignal levels are very small not likely to cause harmful interferenceerence–– Allowed levels to protect on neighborAllowed levels to protect on neighbor’’s television from another neighbors s television from another neighbors video game as an examplevideo game as an example–– Not enough always to protect sensitive reception equipmentNot enough always to protect sensitive reception equipment

““Type AcceptedType Accepted””–– Requirement PartRequirement Part--15 devices, transmitter and digital device are type 15 devices, transmitter and digital device are type accepted has been written out of the rulesaccepted has been written out of the rules

VerificationVerification–– Manufacturer self approved process (computer parts not connecteManufacturer self approved process (computer parts not connected to d to phoneline or contain intentional radiators such as Single Board phoneline or contain intentional radiators such as Single Board Computers)Computers)

Harmful InterferenceHarmful Interference–– Rules require that manufactures test products to ensure that thRules require that manufactures test products to ensure that they do not ey do not exceed the absolute maximum limits and that products can not opeexceed the absolute maximum limits and that products can not operate in rate in such a way that they do NOT cause harmful interference.such a way that they do NOT cause harmful interference.–– Operators are responsible for correcting the interference or toOperators are responsible for correcting the interference or to stop using stop using devices if harmful interference occurse devices if harmful interference occurse

Part 15 MythsPart 15 Myths


High Power Intentional RadiatorsHigh Power Intentional Radiators–– Specifically authorized intentional emittersSpecifically authorized intentional emitters–– Allowed radio power as much as 1 WattAllowed radio power as much as 1 Watt–– Specific radio frequencies onlySpecific radio frequencies only–– Device Certification RequiredDevice Certification Required–– Examples: Examples:

WiFi equipmentWiFi equipmentGarage door openersGarage door openersCordless phonesCordless phonesBaby MonitorsBaby Monitors

Low Power Intentional RadiatorsLow Power Intentional Radiators–– Allows usage on nearly any frequencyAllows usage on nearly any frequency–– Very limited to specific field strengths depending on frequencyVery limited to specific field strengths depending on frequency–– Device Certification RequiredDevice Certification Required–– Examples:Examples:

FM transmitters (MP3 docks for car stereos as example)FM transmitters (MP3 docks for car stereos as example)

Unintentional RadiatorsUnintentional Radiators–– Radiated emission limits above 30MHzRadiated emission limits above 30MHz–– Conducted emission limits below 30MHz Conducted emission limits below 30MHz –– Most common are computers and similar digital devicesMost common are computers and similar digital devices

Incidental RadiatorsIncidental Radiators–– PartPart--15 requires that they use good engineering and they not cause ha15 requires that they use good engineering and they not cause harmful interference to radio rmful interference to radio serviceservice–– Include devices like motors and power linesInclude devices like motors and power lines

Type of DevicesType of Devices


(700MHz)(700MHz)900MHz900MHz2.4GHz2.4GHz5.155.15--5.25GHz (indoor use only)5.25GHz (indoor use only)5.255.25--5.35GHz (low power outdoor)5.35GHz (low power outdoor)5.8GHz (high power outdoor)5.8GHz (high power outdoor)24GHz24GHz60GHz60GHz

Unlicensed FrequenciesUnlicensed Frequencies


(700MHz)(700MHz)3.65GHz3.65GHz4.9GHz4.9GHz6GHz6GHz11GHz11GHz18GHz18GHz23GHz23GHz

Licensed FrequenciesLicensed Frequencies


900MHz only Near or None Line of Sight 900MHz only Near or None Line of Sight Freznel zone clearanceFreznel zone clearanceReflectionsReflectionsWeatherWeather

RF PropagationRF Propagation


Signal is the sum of spectrum of frequencies Signal is the sum of spectrum of frequencies usedused

With more signal events per time frame With more signal events per time frame and/or wider spectrum usage, the more data and/or wider spectrum usage, the more data can be transmitted on that signal.can be transmitted on that signal.

Frequency bandwidth is the span of a signal's Frequency bandwidth is the span of a signal's spectrum from lowest to the highest frequency spectrum from lowest to the highest frequency usedused

The term The term ““bandwidthbandwidth”” is more commonly is more commonly used to describe the volume of data that can used to describe the volume of data that can be encoded per timeframebe encoded per timeframe

Bandwidth Bandwidth


The distance between the center The distance between the center frequency of two channels. frequency of two channels.

802.11b/g uses 20MHz wide channels802.11b/g uses 20MHz wide channels802.11b/g has 5Mhz Frequency 802.11b/g has 5Mhz Frequency

separation between channels. (2412, separation between channels. (2412, 2417, 2422, 2417, 2422, …… , 2457, 2462) , 2457, 2462)

802.11b/g has total of 11 Channels802.11b/g has total of 11 Channels

Frequency SpanFrequency Span


Using 2422 as center frequency the Using 2422 as center frequency the signal covers between 2412 to 2432. The signal covers between 2412 to 2432. The signal spans over the center frequency of signal spans over the center frequency of 4 channels but encroaches on 6 channels 4 channels but encroaches on 6 channels signal spansignal span

Channel LayoutChannel Layout


In 802.11b/g (2.4GHz) there are 3 nonIn 802.11b/g (2.4GHz) there are 3 non--overlapping channelsoverlapping channels

In 802.11a (upper 5GHz) there are 6 In 802.11a (upper 5GHz) there are 6 nonnon--overlapping channelsoverlapping channels

In 802.11a (lower 5GHz) there are 10 In 802.11a (lower 5GHz) there are 10 nonnon--overlapping channels (5 for indoor use overlapping channels (5 for indoor use only)only)

802.11n uses 40MHz channel bandwidth802.11n uses 40MHz channel bandwidth

Channel ConclusionChannel Conclusion


802.11g Spectrum Usage802.11g Spectrum Usage


Cable LossCable Loss–– RG8U / 400 style RG8U / 400 style –– aproxaprox 7dB/100ft7dB/100ft–– RG8X / 240 style RG8X / 240 style –– aproxaprox 12.5dB/100ft12.5dB/100ft–– RG316 / 100 style RG316 / 100 style –– aproxaprox 3.6dB/10ft3.6dB/10ft

Free Space Path LossFree Space Path Lossd d = distance (miles), = distance (miles), ff = frequency (MHz)= frequency (MHz)

Connector Loss (0.2Connector Loss (0.2--0.5dB)0.5dB)

AttenuationAttenuation


Antenna GainAntenna Gain–– Measured in Measured in dBidBi

Radio PowerRadio Power–– Measured in Measured in dBmdBm

EIRP EIRP -- Effective Isotropic Radiated Power Effective Isotropic Radiated Power –– Total system output power in dBmTotal system output power in dBm–– EIRP = (TX Power) EIRP = (TX Power) –– (Line Loss) + (Antenna Gain)(Line Loss) + (Antenna Gain)

Output PowerOutput Power


How well a radio can hearHow well a radio can hearMinimum signal level required Minimum signal level required Very dependent on radio qualityVery dependent on radio qualityExample EOCExample EOC--26102610–– 802.11g: 802.11g: --92dBm @ 6Mbps, 92dBm @ 6Mbps, --74 @ 54Mbps74 @ 54Mbps–– 802.11b: 802.11b: --97dbM @ 1Mbps, 97dbM @ 1Mbps, --89 @ 11Mbps89 @ 11Mbps

Receive SensitivityReceive Sensitivity


DirectivityDirectivity–– An antenna is getting most of itAn antenna is getting most of it’’s gain by s gain by focusing the signal in a direction. focusing the signal in a direction. –– Antenna PatternAntenna Pattern

Beamwidth E & V PlaneBeamwidth E & V PlaneDowntiltDowntiltFront to back ratioFront to back ratio

Omni 9dB omni with 7deg downtiltOmni 9dB omni with 7deg downtilt

AntennasAntennas


ProsPros–– Rejects 15 to 30dB of all vertical noiseRejects 15 to 30dB of all vertical noise–– ““CleanClean”” unused spectrumunused spectrum–– Most people traditionally deploys verticalMost people traditionally deploys vertical

ConsCons–– Expensive basestation antennasExpensive basestation antennas–– Unsuitable for mobile applicationsUnsuitable for mobile applications

Horizontal AntennasHorizontal Antennas


ProsPros–– Best option for mobile applicationsBest option for mobile applications–– Wide arrange of supported end user hwWide arrange of supported end user hw–– Cheap basestation antennasCheap basestation antennas

ConsCons–– Cheap basestation antennasCheap basestation antennas–– Plethora of wireless hardware in use in homes Plethora of wireless hardware in use in homes and business. WiFi APand business. WiFi AP’’s, baby monitors, garage s, baby monitors, garage door openers, X10, cordless phonesdoor openers, X10, cordless phones

VerticalVertical


System Operation Margin System Operation Margin –– ““EasyEasy”” to calculateto calculate–– RequirementsRequirements

Radio Transmitter powerRadio Transmitter powerTransmission line lossTransmission line lossTX & RX Antenna gainTX & RX Antenna gainDistanceDistanceFrequencyFrequencyReceive sensitivityReceive sensitivity

http://www.wisphttp://www.wisp--router.com/wirelesscalculators.php#systemrouter.com/wirelesscalculators.php#system

Example: Example: Path loss for a 10 Mile link on channel 6 (2432 MHz)Path loss for a 10 Mile link on channel 6 (2432 MHz)20 + 67.72 + 36.6 = 124.32 dB20 + 67.72 + 36.6 = 124.32 dB

Putting it togetherPutting it together


Example continued (EOCExample continued (EOC--2610, 6MBps target) : 2610, 6MBps target) : –– 28dB TX, 10dB antenna, 10 Mile FSPL, 10dB antenna, 28dB TX, 10dB antenna, 10 Mile FSPL, 10dB antenna, --92 RX sens.92 RX sens.

28 + 10 28 + 10 –– 124.32 + 10 = 124.32 + 10 = --76.32dBm76.32dBm

Safe Fade Margins Safe Fade Margins –– 2.4GHz suggested 20dB in congested areas2.4GHz suggested 20dB in congested areas–– 5GHz suggested 105GHz suggested 10--25dB25dB

Line of sight (obstructions) Line of sight (obstructions) –– Trees / vegetationTrees / vegetation–– BuildingsBuildings–– Hills, mountainsHills, mountains

ConclusionsConclusions


Point to Point linksPoint to Point links–– Building to building for LAN to LAN Building to building for LAN to LAN

Integrated unitsIntegrated units

–– Backhauls. Tower to Backhauls. Tower to tower for tower for PtMPPtMP dist.dist.

ConnectorizedConnectorized units /wunits /whigh gain antennashigh gain antennas

Building Our SystemBuilding Our System


PtMPPtMP–– Distribution to multiple locations (user hookup)Distribution to multiple locations (user hookup)

OmnisOmnisSectorsSectors

Example:Example:–– AP: EOCAP: EOC--3610S3610S–– CPE: EOCCPE: EOC--26102610

Point To MultiPointPoint To MultiPoint


Use broadband routers at customer connection pointUse broadband routers at customer connection point–– Ease of control of multiple computersEase of control of multiple computers

Online AccessOnline AccessBandwidth UtilizationBandwidth Utilization

–– Virus Virus ““preventionprevention””–– Prevent file shares and other Prevent file shares and other ““locallocal”” traffic into your networktraffic into your network

Use routing between APUse routing between AP’’s and backhauls. s and backhauls. –– Access control Access control –– Firewalling capabilities Firewalling capabilities –– Smaller broadcast domainsSmaller broadcast domains–– Easier troubleshooting Easier troubleshooting

Bridge or not to BridgeBridge or not to Bridge


But my customer only has one computer? But my customer only has one computer?

Single User Connection?Single User Connection?


My customer has more then one computer?My customer has more then one computer?–– Buy 5 EOCBuy 5 EOC--2610 get 2 Free ESR2610 get 2 Free ESR--12201220–– Buy 10 EOCBuy 10 EOC--2610 get 5 free ESR2610 get 5 free ESR--12201220

ESRESR--1220 Wireless Broadband Router1220 Wireless Broadband Router–– Wireless SoHo RouterWireless SoHo Router–– 802.11b/g 25dB EIRP802.11b/g 25dB EIRP–– 4 ethernet ports4 ethernet ports–– MSRP $39/unitMSRP $39/unit

ESRESR--9750G & ESR9750G & ESR--97509750–– 802.11n802.11n–– GigaEthernet (G model)GigaEthernet (G model)–– MSRP $59 / $49MSRP $59 / $49

Multiple Computers?Multiple Computers?

http://www.engeniustech.com/img/Products/prodImg197.jpg

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Internal network installationInternal network installation–– Broadband Router Sales Broadband Router Sales –– Run Network CablingRun Network Cabling

Networked PrintersNetworked PrintersNetworked computersNetworked computersIn house Access PointsIn house Access Points

–– Firewalling configuration / maintenanceFirewalling configuration / maintenance

Webhosting Webhosting Computer repair workComputer repair workOnline backup solutionsOnline backup solutions

Other Source of RevenueOther Source of Revenue


HotspotsHotspots–– LocationsLocations

HotelsHotelsCoffee shopsCoffee shopsRestaurants Restaurants

–– Use for repeater Use for repeater sites to extend coveragesites to extend coverage

WarehousesWarehouses

ECBECB--32203220–– 400mW 802.11b/g400mW 802.11b/g–– POE CapablePOE Capable–– WDS CapableWDS Capable–– MSRP $89 Single UnitMSRP $89 Single Unit

Other Source of RevenueOther Source of Revenue



EAPEAP--36603660–– Smoke detector Smoke detector looking designlooking design–– 600mW 80211b/g600mW 80211b/g–– Multi SSID Multi SSID –– VLAN TaggingVLAN Tagging–– PoEPoE CapableCapable–– Universal RepeaterUniversal Repeater–– Embedded Diversity Embedded Diversity 4dB Omni Antenna4dB Omni Antenna

–– MSRP $119MSRP $119ECBECB--35003500

–– AP/CB/Repeater/RouterAP/CB/Repeater/Router–– 600mw 802.11g 600mw 802.11g –– Diversity High GainDiversity High Gaindetachable antennasdetachable antennas–– Multi SSIDMulti SSID–– VLAN TaggingVLAN Tagging–– Intelligent Intelligent QoSQoS–– PoEPoE CapableCapable–– MSRP $99MSRP $99

Hotspot SetupHotspot Setup




Who is your competition?Who is your competition?–– Phone CompanyPhone Company

DSL ResellersDSL Resellers

–– Cable CompanyCable Company–– Wireless ISPWireless ISP–– Cell phone companiesCell phone companies–– DISH/DISH/DirectTVDirectTV

Understand their offerings and most Understand their offerings and most important their limitations and coverage areas.important their limitations and coverage areas.

Know Your CompetitionKnow Your Competition


Befriend Your WISP Competition. Befriend Your WISP Competition. Work out RF InterferenceWork out RF InterferenceWork out revenue sharing opportunityWork out revenue sharing opportunity–– Hotspot roamingHotspot roaming–– Share Share APsAPs on same toweron same tower–– Redundant backhaulsRedundant backhauls–– Backup InternetBackup Internet

Mind that Mind that WISPWISP’’ss have a common have a common ““enemyenemy”” and and we have limited RF resources!we have limited RF resources!

WISP Competition?WISP Competition?

Copyright 2009 WISPCopyright 2009 WISP--Router, Inc.Router, Inc.

Advantages Over CompetitorsAdvantages Over Competitors

EnPowerEnPower partner programpartner programStandalone solutionStandalone solutionNo fees for license or supportNo fees for license or supportEasy installationEasy installationReduced total cost of ownershipReduced total cost of ownershipComplete product indoor/outdoor mixComplete product indoor/outdoor mix


EnPowerEnPower Dealer ProgramDealer Program

Program HighlightDirect CommunicationPro-Active RelationshipShared Investment, Shared Reward

Partner BenefitNFR Demo PriceSpecial DiscountQuarterly Volume Incentive RebateJoint Sales CallMarketing Collateral

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How to Start a Wireless ISP, Manage and Grow Your Business