ATM

AAL5

SCTP

SCCP

TCAP

MTP-3

C, D, E, F, G, H, SS7

L1

IP

M3UA

MTP-2

MTP3b

INAPTUP, ISUP

MAP CAP

SUA

M2UA M2PA

SCTP

IP

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

IP

Nc

ATM

AAL5

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

MTP3b

STC

BICC

L1

IP

SCTP

M3UA

MTP-2

MTP-3

IP

SCTP

M3UA

CS CoreMc

MEGACO

MTP3b M3UA M3UA

SSCF-NNI SCTP SCTP

SSCOP IP

AAL5

ATM

IP

L1

AAL5

ATM

AAL2SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

MTP3b

STC

ALCAP

Nb UP

RLP

TAF Codecs

Nb

RLP

Codecs

Nb UP

UDP

RTP

IP

L1

RTCP

Iuh

3GFemtocell

UuFemtocell

HNB GW

Iuh

SeGW3G3G

Iuh

FemtocellUu

Iuh

3G3G

IuhIuhIuhIuh

3G

HNB

I-CSCFI-CSCF

MRFC

Internet,Trusted/UntrustedNon 3GPP Access,IP Service

VoIP Provider

PSTNNetwork

CDMA2000

eUTRAN

EvolvedPacket Core

X2

S1-MME

S1-U

S1-U

S1-MME

CPRI/OBSAI

Uu

S11

S5/S8

S10

S1-MME

GERAN Abis

AbisIur-g

IubRNC

Iur

IubUTRAN

Mc

CS Core

Nc/E

Nb

Mc

GMSCServer

MSCServer

CS-MGW

Ga

PS Core

SGSN

GnGn

Ga Gn

BG

Registers

SMLC

SMLC-CBC

Lp

Applicationsand Services

SMLC

CBC

BM-SC

MMS-SC

ASGMLC

Camelentity

Lc

Lh

MbMb

Mp

Mn

Mj Mk

Mw

Dx

Mw

Rx

IMSMr

SLF

Rx/Gq

DxMg

Mi

Mx

Mx

MbPCRF/PDF

GGSN

Iur-g

A/Ater

Gb

Iu-CS

S6aS3

S2/SGi

S7

Gxc

S4

S103

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

SS7

TDMMb

Gx

Lb

BSC-CBCIupc

Iu-BC

SLs

DhISC

Sh

SLg

Lg

Gx/Go

Cx

Gi

Ma

Le

Gmb

Ge

Gs

FGf/S13’

S6d

Iu-PS

Sv

Fxa

SGs

S12

S6b

S13

LTE Femtocell

Uu

S101

S102

BSC

Iur-gIur-g

BSC

S11

MME

IurIur Iu-PSRNC

S-GW

PDN GW

LTE

EIR

AAA HSS/AuC

HeNB GW

SMS-SC

CGN

Mb

IMS-MGW

MbMbMb

I-BGF/TrGWMGCF

Dx

S-CSCF

Mp

P-CSCFMk

BGCF

Mi

Mx

I-BCF

MbMRFP

Gd

MME

CS-MGW

SIP ProxyServerSBC

SIP Registrar

GERAN

2G

UTRANIu-CS

3G

4G

OBSAI4G

BTS

BTS

eNB

eNB

RRH

HeNB

NodeB

NodeB

Wireless Converging Networks AAA = Authorization, Authentication and AccountingAAL2 = ATM Adaptation Layer - Type 2 (I.363.2, I.366.1)AAL5 = ATM Adaptation Layer - Type 5 (I.363.5)ALCAP = Access Link Control Application Part (Q.2630.1)AMR = Adaptive Multi Rate (26.071)AS = Application ServerATM = Asynchronous Transfer Mode (I.361)AuC = Authentication CenterBICC = Bearer Independent Call Control (Q. 1901)BG = Border GatewayBGCF = Breakout Gateway Control FunctionBMC = Broadcast- Multicast Control (25.324)BM-SC = Broadcast/Multicast Service CenterBSC = Base Station ControllerBSSAP = Base Station Subsystem Application Part (48.008)BSSAP+ = Base Station System Application Part (29.018)BSSAP-LE = Base Station Subsystem Application Part LCS Extension (49.031)BSSGP = Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol (48.018)BSSLAP = Subsystem LCS Assistance Protocol (48.071)BTSM = Base Transceiver Station Management (48.058)CAMEL = Customized Application for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic (23.078)CAP = CAMEL Application Part (29.078)CBC = Cell Broadcast CenterCBSP = Cell Broadcast Service Protocol (48.049)CC = Call Control (24.008)COPS = Common Open Policy Service (RFC 2748)CDMA = Code Division Multiple AccessCGN = Charging Gateway NodeCMSC = Gateway MSCCS = Circuit SwitchedCS Core = Circuit Switch CoreCS-MGW = Circuit Switched - Media GatewayDCHFP = Dedicated Channel Frame Protocol (25.427)DIAMETER (RFC 3588, 29.272)DSCHFP = Downlink Shared Channel Frame ProtocolDSMIPv6 = Dual Stack MIP v6 IETF (IETF Internet Draft)EDCHFP = Enhanced Dedicated Channel Frame Protocol (25.427)EIR = Equipment Identity RegistereNB = Evolved NodeBeUTRAN = Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkFACHFP = Forward Access Channel Frame Protocol (25.435)GbE = Gigabit EthernetGERAN = GSM Edge Radio Access NetworkGGSN = Gateway GPRS Support NodeGMLC = Gateway Mobile Location CenterGMM = GPRS Mobility Management (24.008)GMSC = Gateway MSCGRE = Generic Routing Encapsulation (RFC 2784)GSMS = GSM Short Message Service (23.040, 24.011)GTP = GPRS Tunnel Protocol (29.060)GTP’ = GPRS/3G Charging Data Collection Protocol (32.015)GTP-C = GPRS Tunneling Protocol - Control Plane (29.274)GTP-U = GPRS Tunneling Protocol - User Plane (29.281)HNB = Home NodeBHNBAP = Home NodeB Application PartHNB-GW = Home NodeB GatewayHSDSCHFP = High Speed Downlink Shared Transport Channel Frame Protocol (25.435)HSS = Home Subscriber ServerHTTP = Hypertext Transfer Protocol (RFC 2616)I-BCF = Interconnect Border Control FunctionI-BGF/TrGW = Interconnect Border Gateway Functions/Transition GatewayI-CSCF = Interrogating Call Session Control FunctionIMS = IP Multimedia SubsystemIMS-MGW = IMS - Media GatewayINAP = Intelligent Network Application Part (ETS 300 374)IP = Internet Protocol (RFC 791)IPv4 = Internet Protocol v4 (RFC 791)IPv6 = Internet Protocol v6 (RFC 2460)ISUP = ISDN User Part (Q.763)Iu-UP = Iu-User Protocol (25.415)L2R COP = L2R Character Orientated ProtocolLAPD = Link Access Procedure on the D-Channel (Q.921)LLC = Logical Link Control (44.064)LLP = LMU LCS Protocol (44.071)

LTE = Long Term Evolution

LPP = LTE Positioning Protocol (36.355)LPPa = LTE Positioning Protocol A (36.455)

M2PA = MTP2 User Peer-to-peer Adaptation (RFC 4165)M2UA = MTP2 User Adaptation Layer (RFC 3331)M3UA = MTP3 User Adaptation Layer (RFC 3332)MAC = Medium Access Control (25.321)MAP = Mobile Application Part (29.002)MEGACO (H.248) = Media Gateway Control Protocol (H.248, 29.232, 29.332)MGCF = Media Gateway Controller FunctionMIPv4 = Mobile IP v4 (RFC 3344)MM = Mobility Management (24.008)MME = Mobility Management EntityMMS-SC = Multi Media Message Service - Service CenterMRFC = Multimedia Resource Function ControllerMRFP = Multimedia Resource Function ProcessorMSC = Mobile Switching CenterMTP2 = Message Transfer Part - Level 2 (Q.703)MTP3 = Message Transfer Part - Level 3 (Q.704)MTP3b = Message Transfer Part - Level 3 - Broadband (Q.2210)NAS = Non-Access-StratumNBAP = NodeB Application Part (25.433)Nb UP = Nb User Protocol (29.415)NS = Network Service (48.016)O&M = Operation & MaintenancePCAP = Positioning Calculation Application Part (25.423)PCHFP = Paging Channel Frame Protocol (25.435)PCRF = Policy and Charging Rules Function (23.203)P-CSCF = Proxy - Call Session Control FunctionPCU = Packet Control UnitPDCP = Packet Data Convergence Protocol (25.323)PDF = Policy Decision FunctionPDN GW = Packet Data Networks GatewayPLMN = Public Land Mobile NetworkPMIPv6 = Proxy Mobile IP (IETF Internet Draft)(29.275)PS = Packet SwitchedPS Core = Packet Switch CorePSTN = Public Switched Telephone NetworkRACHFP = Random Access Channel Frame Protocol (25.435)RADIUS = Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RFC 2865)RANAP = Radio Access Network Application Part (25.413)RLP = Radio Link Protocol (24.022)RLC = Radio Link Control (25.322)RNC = Radio Network ControllerRNSAP = Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (25.423)RR = Radio Recourses (44.018)RRC = Radio Resource Control (25.331)RRLP = Radio Resource LCS Protocol (44.031)RTCP = Real Time Transport Control Protocol (RFC 3550)RTP = Real Time Transport Protocol (RFC 3550)RUA = RANAP User Adaption (25.468)

S1AP = S1 Application Protocol (36.413)SABP = Service Area Broadcast Protocol (25.419)

S102AP = S102 Application Part (29.277)

SCCP = Signaling Connection Control Part (Q.713)SBC = Session Border Controller

S-CSCF = Serving Call Session Control FunctionSCTP = Stream Control Transport Protocol (RFC 2960)SDP = Session Description Protocol (RFC 2327)

SGSN = Serving GPRS Support NodeSGsAP = SGs Application Part (29.118)SeGW = Security Gateway

S-GW = Serving GatewaySIP = Session Initiation Protocol (RFC 3261)SLF = Subscription Locator FunctionSM = Session Management (24.008)SMLC = Serving Mobile Location CenterSMLCPP = Serving Mobile Location Center Point-to-Point (48.031)SMS = Short Message Service (23.040, 24.011)SMSCB = Short Message Services Cell Broadcast (23.041)SMS-SC = Short Message Service - Service CenterSNDCP = Sub-Network Dependent Convergence Protocol (44.065)SS = Supplementary Service (24.080)SSCF-NNI = Service Specific Coordination Function - Network-to-Network Interface (Q.2140)SSCF-UNI = Service Specific Coordination Function - User-to-Network Interface (Q.2130)SSCOP = Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol (Q.2110)STC = Signaling Transport Converter (Q.2150)SUA = Signaling Connection Control Part User Adaptation (RFC 3868)TCAP = Transaction Capabilities Application Part (Q.773)TCP = Transmission Control Protocol (RFC 739)TRAU = Transcoder and Rate Adaptor UnitTUP = Telephone User Part (Q.723)UDP = User Datagram Protocol (RFC 768)USCHFP = Uplink Shared Channel Frame Protocol (25.435)UTRAN = UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkX2AP =X2 Application Protocol (36.423)

Glossary

EXFO NetHawk Reference Poster Based on 3GPP Release 9. © NetHawk Oyj and EXFO Inc. 2012. All rights reserved.

GERANA

Codecs

IPApplications

L1

PCU

LLC

RLC/MAC

IP

TCPUDP

SNDCP

SMSCBRR

BTSM

TRAU

O&M Transport

O&M

LAPD

SMS SSGMM SM GSMS

CCMM

Abis Ater

Gb

L1

FrameRelay

(L1 bis)L2IP

UDPNS

BSSGPLLC

SNDCPIP

SM GSMSGMM

Iuh

3G Femtocell LTE Femtocell

L2/L1

UDPGTP-C

S3, S4,S5, S8,S10, S11,S12,S16,S101

UDPGTP-U

IP

IP

UDP TCP

S6a, S6b,S7, S13, S13',Rx+

L2/L1

TCPDIAMETER

SCTPM3UA

IP

SCCPTCAPMAP

LTE

L2/L1

SCTPS1AP

S1

UDPIP

NAS

L2/L1

SCTPX2AP

X2

UDPGTP-U

IP

IP

UDP TCP

GTP-UIP

IP Applications IP Applications IP Applications

UDP TCP

LPPa

IPL2/L1

UDP

S102

S102AP

IPL2/L1

SCTP

SGs

SGsAPSMS

RLCMACPHY

PDCP

Uu

RRCNAS

SMS SS LPP

Iupc

L1

ATM

AAL5

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

M3UA

IP

SCTP

MTP3b

SCCP

PCAP

Applications and Services

Ut

L1

L2

IP

TCP

HTTP

Lc,Lg,Lh

L1

MTP-2

MTP-3

SCCP

TCAP

MAPINAP

Iu-BC

SABP

TCP

IP

AAL5

ATM

L1

Lb,Lp,Ls

MTP-3

SCCP

BSSAP-LE

LLP

RRLP

BSSLAP SMLCPP

MTP-2

L1

Dh,Sh,Wm

L1

L2

IP

UDP

SCTP

DIAMETER RADIUS

ISC

L1

L2

IP

SIP

SDP

UDP TCP

IMS

Mb

L2/L1

IP

UDP

RTP RTCP

Cx, Dh,Dx, Gq,Gx, Rx

L2/L1

IP

DIAMETER

SCTPTCP

Go

L2/L1

IP

COPS

Le

L2/L1

IP

M3UA

ISUP BICC

Mn,Mp

L2/L1

IP

UDP TCP SCTP

Megaco

ISC, Ma,Mg, Mi,Mj, Mk,Mr, Mw,Mx

SCTPTCP

SDP SIP-I SIP SDP SIP-I SIP SDP SIP-I SIP

L2/L1

IP

UDP TCP SCTP

UTRAN

L1ATMAAL5

SSCOP

SCCP

IPSSCF-NNISCTPMTP3bM3UA

RNSAP

Iur-g

Iu-CS

ATM

AAL5

SSCOP

M3UA

SCCP STC

RANAP ALCAP

MTP3b

SCTP SSCF-NNI

IP

L2

AAL5

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

MTP3b

SSMM CC SMS

Iu UP

ATMIP

AAL2

L2

UDP

RTP RTCP

AMRTAF

RLP

UDP TCP

IP

Iu-PS

ATMAAL5

IPSCTPM3UA

SCCPRANAPGMM

L2

IP SSCOPSSCF-NNIMTP3b

GSMSSM

ATMAAL5

IPUDP

GTP-UIu UP

L2

ATM

SSCOP SSCOP

SSCF-UNI SSCF-UNI

STCNBAP

ALCAP

SCTP

IP

L2

Iub

MM CC GMM SM SMS SSGSMS

ATM

STC

SSCFUNISCTP SSCFUNI

AAL5 AAL5

L1

IP

L2

IP SSCOP IP

SCTP

MTP3b MTP3b

ALCAP

SCCP

RNSAP

Iur

MAC

RLC

AMRRRC TAF

ATM

UDPIPL2

L1

AAL2

PDCP BMC RLP

M3UA M3UAMTP3b

SSCOP

DCHF

P

RACH

FP

FACH

FP

DSCH

FP

USCH

FP

EDCH

FP

HS-D

SCHF

P

MM CC GMM SM SMS SSGSMS

RLC

AMRRRC TAF

ATM

UDPIPL2

AAL2

PDCP BMC RLP

DCHF

P

RACH

FP

FACH

FP

DSCH

FP

USCH

FP

PCHF

P

EDCH

FP

HS-D

SCHF

P

AAL5 AAL5

PS CoreGc, Gd, Ge, Gf, Gr

ATM

AAL5

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

MTP3b

SCCP

TCAP

MAP

L1

IP

SCTP

M3UA

MTP-2

MTP-3

CAP

IP

SCTP

M3UA Ga

L1

L2

IP

UDP

GTP’

IP Applications

UDP TCP

Gn,Gp

L1

L2

IP

UDP

GTP

IP

UDP TCP

Gi, SGi

L1

L2

IP

Gs

ATM

AAL5

SSCOP

SSCF-NNI

MTP3b

SCCP

BSSAP+

L1

IP

SCTP

M3UA

MTP-2

MTP-3

IP

SCTP

M3UAIP

Applications

IP Applications

MTP-3SCTP

IP

M3UASCCPBSSAP

CC

L2RCOPRLPV110

L1CODECS IP

UDPRTP RTCP

CODECS

MM SSSMS

MTP-2

RLPL2RCOP

MTP-3 M3UASCTP

IPL1

MTP-2

SCCPBSSAP

TRAUV110 CODECSRLP

L2RCOP

SMS SSCCMM

IPv6IPv6

IPv4

PMIPv6

S2a/b,S5, S8S103

IP

GRE

L2/L1

IP

UDP TCP

IP Applications

L1

L1

SMS SS LPP

L2/L1

SCTPS1AP

S1

UDPIP

NASGTP-U

IP

IP Applications

UDP TCP

LPPa

SMS SS LPP

MAC

L2/L1

SCTPRUA

UDPIP

RANAPGTP-U

lu-UP

Audio Video ApplnMM SM GMM SMSHNBAP

RTP/RTCP

EXFO Corporate Headquarters400 Godin Avenue,Quebec City, Quebec G1M 2K2 CANADATel.: +1 418 683-0211Fax: +1 418 683-2170

EXFO Finland Elektroniikkatie 2FI-90590 Oulu, FINLANDTel.: +358 (0)403 010 300Fax: +358 (0)8 564 5203

L1

L1

MAC

WIRELESSCONVERGINGNETWORKS

Reference Poster

WIRELESSCONVERGINGNETWORKS

Reference Poster

EXFO CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS400 Godin AvenueQuebec City, Quebec G1M 2K2 CANADATel.: +1 418 683-0211Fax: +1 418 683-2170

EXFO America3400 Waterview Parkway, Suite 100Richardson, TX 75080 USATel.: +1 972 761-9271 Fax: +1 972 761-9067

EXFO Asia100 Beach Road, #22-01/03 Shaw TowerSINGAPORE 189702Tel.: +65 6333 8241Fax: +65 6333 8242

EXFO China36 North, 3rd Ring Road East, Dongcheng DistrictRoom 1207, Tower C, Global Trade CenterBeijing 100013 P. R. CHINATel.: + 86 10 5825 7755Fax: +86 10 5825 7722

EXFO EuropeOmega Enterprise Park, Electron WayChandlers Ford, Hampshire S053 4SE ENGLANDTel.: +44 2380 246810Fax: +44 2380 246801

EXFO Finland Elektroniikkatie 2FI-90590 Oulu, FINLANDTel.: +358 (0)403 010 300Fax: +358 (0)8 564 5203

EXFO Service Assurance 270 Billerica RoadChelmsford, MA 01824 USATel.: +1 978 367-5600Fax: +1 978 367-5700