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Yardney Division
National Ignition Facility • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory • Operated by the US Department of EnergyThis work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. TECHNICAL PRODUCTS INC
P1195464_pstr_Chang LLNL-POST-645550
Wireless BMS tech-to-market plan:Possible early adopter applications
Early adopters in defense
Early adopters in transportation
Our vision for Next-Generation
Wireless Sensors in Cell PacksSignal Strength by Distance
Overcharge TestData from Wireless Sensors
Passive RFID temperature sensor localizedheating test with Li-Ion battery simulator
Passive RFID strain sensor for Li-Ioncell case strain sensor 1 board 1
Interference tests with energized Battery Management System (BMS)
Overcharge Test Monitoring with Wireless Sensors
Bluetooth wireless BMS concept
Both passive & active wirelesssensors successfully demonstrated
LLNL’s wireless BMS technology:Anatomy of prototypical sensor tag
LLNL’s wireless BMS technology:Integration of tag & dual coils
Enhanced saftey is crucial
Temperature sensors neededat more strategic locations
More sensors needed withoutproliferation of wiring harness
Why is new ARPA-etechnology important
Sucessful demonstrationof technology
Testing wirelesssystems at Yardney
New wirelessBMS technology
T2M plan involves early-adopter applications
Testing strain gauges duringpressurization & burst tests
• Early adopters in Aerospace & Defense• Advanced applications in civilian aviation• UPS, grid & test equipment applications• Automotive applications (EV, HEV & SLI)
Aver
age
Sign
al S
tren
gth
Distance (feet)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 0 50 100 150 200
20
25
30
35
40
45
Tem
pera
ture
(°C)
Thermistor1_board1 Thermistor 2 Board 1Thermistor 1 Board 2 Thermistor 2 Board 2Thermistor 1 Board 3 Thermistor 2 Board 3Thermistor 1 Board 4 Thermistor 2 Board 4Thermistor 1 Board 5 Thermistor 2 Board 5
1,080
1,090
1,100
1,110
1,120
1,130
1,140
1,150
1,160
1,170
1,180
Stra
in in
Cel
l Cas
e (A
rbitr
ary
Uni
ts)
Additionaltemperaturesensors locatedmore strategically:Earlier warning ofimpending thermalrunaway
Existing temperature sensors – Improperly located in relatively cool location VoltageBluetooth chip
Strain gaugeThermistorAntenna
Bluetoothreceiver
Heat spreaders
Headers & vents forindividual cells
• Our visionary concept — Earlier detection — More sensors — Fewer wires — Remote monitoring
• Yardney Technical Product’s 2.5 kWh Li-Ion battery pack for NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory requires massive wiring harness
DriveSignal Drive
AntennaReceiverAntenna
RectifyingCircuit
Electronics
BluetoothReceiver
Tethered Sensors
Sensor Board
Drive and Receiver Antennas, Rectifying Circuit Eliminated in Active Mode
Power
Signal
SignalUSB
Bluetooth4.0
Coil placement
Drive coilReceiver coil
• Cell potential — Terminal — Internal reference electrode
• Cell temperature — External — Internal temperature sensor
• Cell strain — Infer internal pressure
• Emission sensors — Acoustic — Optical
• Enable high-fidelitybalancing of individualcells
• Distributed wirelesslow-drain switches forcontrol of current flowto each cell based uponsensed voltage
• Distributed wirelesslow-drain operationalamplifier circuits tocharge each cell withpotential control
Today’s Wireless Sensors
• Multiple Sell Packs• Distance
and Accuracy
Sensitivity Testing
Tomorrow’s Wireless Control
Curiosity Rover on Mars
eNow TechnologyWireless Sensors on a Battery supporting a Refrigerated Truck
EaglePicher/Yardney 6T Military Battery
3000
4.4
3.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
–20
–40
–60
–80
3.0
3.4
3.8
4.2
4.6
5.0
5.4
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
Volta
ge (V
)
Tem
pera
ture
(°C
)
Volta
ge (V
)4.0
4.2
3400 3800 4200 4600 5000 17,00016,60016,20015,80015,40015,0 00Data point (no units, approx. 4/sec)Data point (no units, approx. 4/sec)
Data point (no units, approx. 4/sec)
50,00040,00030,00020,00010,0005,000
T1 Cell 1T1 Cell 2T1 Cell 3
V1 Cell 1V1 Cell 2V1 Cell 3 V3 Cell 1
V3 Cell 2V3 Cell 3
0
MISSIONTechnology has been developed that enables monitoring of individual cells in high-capacity lithium-ion battery packs, with a distributed array of wireless Bluetooth 4.0 tags and sensors, and without proliferation of extensive wiring harnesses. Given the safety challenges facing lith-ium-ion batteries in electric vehicle, civilian aviation and defense applications, these wireless sensors may be par-ticularly important to these emerging markets. These wireless sensors will enhance the performance, reliability and safety of such energy storage systems.
Wireless Battery Management System for Safe High-Capacity Li-Ion Energy Storage Technology Development Team: LLNL: Joe Farmer, John Chang, J. Zumstein, J. Kotovsky, E. Zhang EPT-Yardney: G. Moore, A. Dobley, F. Puglia, Others: S. Osswald, K. Wolf, J. Kaschmitter, S. Eaves, T. Bandhauer And we’d like to thank ARPA-E AMPED Management: Patrick McGrath, Russel Ross, Kevin Thompson and Ilan Guir