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Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

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Which group of elements are the most stable?

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Page 1: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

Page 2: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

TO BECOME STABLE

• Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

Page 3: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Which group of elements are the most stable?

Page 4: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

NOBLE GASES

• Which group of elements are the most stable?

Page 5: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Why are noble gases stable?

Page 6: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

THEY HAVE A FULL SHELL OF VALENCE ELECTRONS

• Why are noble gases stable?

Page 7: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What does each dot represent in an electron dot diagram?

Page 8: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

EACH DOT REPRESENTS A VALENCE ELECTRON.

• What does each dot represent in an electron dot diagram?

Page 9: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Which elements generally have higher ionization energies?

Page 10: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

NONMETALS HAVE HIGHER IONIZATION ENERGY THAN METALS, NOBLE GASES ARE

HIGHEST

• Which elements generally have higher ionization energies?

Page 11: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What happens to valence electrons when atoms form ionic bonds?

Page 12: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

VALENCE ELECTRONS ARE TRANSFERRED OR GIVEN

AND TAKEN.

• What happens to valence electrons when atoms form ionic bonds?

Page 13: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Page 14: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

1. SOLID CRYSTALS.2. HIGH MELTING POINT.3. BRITTLE.

• What are the properties of ionic compounds?

Page 15: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Which types of atoms bond to form molecules?

Page 16: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

NONMETALS BOND TOGETHER TO FORM

MOLECULES

• Which types of atoms bond to form molecules?

Page 17: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What type of molecule is formed when two atoms of the same nonmetal join together?

Page 18: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

DIATOMIC MOLECULE

• What type of molecule is formed when two atoms of the same nonmetal join together?

Page 19: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What holds atoms together in an ionic bond?

Page 20: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN POSITIVE CATIONS AND

NEGATIVE ANIONS

• What holds atoms together in an ionic bond?

Page 21: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What holds atoms together in a covalent bond?

Page 22: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

THE SHARED VALENCE ELECTRONS ATTRACT AND

HOLD THE ATOMS IN.

• What holds atoms together in a covalent bond?

Page 23: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What holds metal atoms together in a metallic bond?

Page 24: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN A METAL CATION AND THE

SHARED SEA OF ELECTRONS

• What holds metal atoms together in a metallic bond?

Page 25: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Page 26: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

THE SEA OF ELECTRONS ALLOWS ELECTRICITY TO

PASS THROUGH.

• Why are metals good conductors of electricity?

Page 27: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Why does water form drops or puddle up?

Page 28: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

WATER MOLECULES ARE POLAR AND ARE ATTRACED

TO EACH OTHER - COHESION.

• Why does water form drops or puddle up?

Page 29: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Which types of elements will always form cations or positive ions?

Page 30: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

METALS OR GROUP 1A, GROUP 2A AND GROUP 3A

• Which types of elements will always form cations or positive ions?

Page 31: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• Which types of elements will always form anions or negative ions?

Page 32: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

NONMETALS, OR GROUP 5A, GROUP 6A AND GROUP 7A

• Which types of elements will always form anions or negative ions?

Page 33: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• In an ionic compound, the positive and negative charges must add up to what sum?

Page 34: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGES MUST ADD UP TO

ZERO.

• In an ionic compound, the positive and negative charges must add up to what sum?

Page 35: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• In a chemical formula, which element is written first?

Page 36: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

METALS, POSITIVE CHARGES, OR LOWER

GROUP NUMBER GO FIRST.

• In a chemical formula, which element is written first?

Page 37: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• When do you need to add a numerical prefix in a chemical name?

Page 38: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

WHEN NONMETALS FORM A COVALENT MOLECULE.

• When do you need to add a numerical prefix in a chemical name?

Page 39: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What does the subscript 2 mean in the formula H2O?

Page 40: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

THE SUBSCRIPT MEANS THERE ARE TWO HYDROGEN

ATOMS.

• What does the subscript 2 mean in the formula H2O?

Page 41: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What do roman numerals such as II, III or IV mean in a chemical name?

Page 42: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

A ROMAN NUMERAL INDICATES THE ION’S

POSITIVE CHARGE.

• What do roman numerals such as II, III or IV mean in a chemical name?

Page 43: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What is an alloy?

Page 44: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

A MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS AT LEAST ONE OF WHICH IS A METAL.

• What is an alloy?

Page 45: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

• What are some common alloys?

Page 46: Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?. TO BECOME STABLE Why do atoms gain or lose valence electrons?

STEEL – IRON AND CARBON.BRASS – ZINC AND COPPER.

AIRCRAFT ALUMINUM – ALUMINUM AND

MAGNESIUM.

• What are some common alloys?