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6/3/2021 UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE? Flashcards | Quizlet
https://quizlet.com/562357565/unit-3-what-ways-can-volcanoes-influence-climate-flash-cards/ 1/11
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
Terms in this set (61)
Expand to view references.
“TSLP MADE US DO IT” 1,2
Layers of the earth in order
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
Continental Plates
Four major: Australian, Pacific, Eurasian, North American. Located
beneath Earth's outer surface and is a layer of rocks that continuously
shift at the rate of a human fingernail
oceanic plates
Thin plates that form the ocean floor; more dense than continental plates.
Subduction
One plate going under another plate
continental margin volcanoes
The mountains of America's Pacific Northwest, such as Saint Helens and
Rainier, are examples. It happens in subduction zones.
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
6/3/2021 UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE? Flashcards | Quizlet
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hot spot volcanoes
A hot spot is an area where material from deep in the mantle rises and
then melts, forming magma. Creating Islands like the Hawaiian islands as
the plate moves over the hot spot
Ocean ridge volcanoes
formed when the Earth's Oceanic plates move apart from each other.
When they do, they create a series of Fishers or openings. If this Fisher is
situated over a hotspot magma, then rises in between the plates. These
volcanoes are found in Iceland and are long ridges that can stretch for
thousands of miles, instead of the conical shape.
Island Arc Volcanoes
If two adjacent plates clash under the ocean, they caused the formation
of another type of volcano. These volcanoes occur not at the point of
contact of the two plates, but about 60 miles away. These are known as
island arc volcanoes and they form a chain of volcanic islands. The
volcanoes of Indonesia are examples
Hawaiian eruption
non-explosive or very mild volcanic eruption
Strombolian eruption
the volcano flings globs of hot lava into the air, where they harden into
volcanic bombs
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
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Vulcanian eruption
A short, violent, relatively small eruption of lava; can propel pyroclastic
material 800 mph and 10 miles in the air; can have a violent, cannon-like
expulsion of the "plug". Vulcanian eruptions release much gas and ash,
Plinean Eruption
most violent type burst of ash, gas and rocks.
pyroclastic flow
a dense, destructive mass of very hot ash, lava fragments, and gases
ejected explosively from a volcano and typically flowing downslope at
great speed.
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
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Minoans
The Mediterranean society that formed on the island of Crete and who
were a big maritime society.
Tsunami
a long high sea wave caused by an earthquake, submarine landslide, or
other disturbance.
Pumice
a very light and porous volcanic rock that can float and is formed when a
gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.
Viscosity
a liquid's resistance to flow
Ring of Fire
A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean.
Hydrovolcanic Eruptions
When volcanic eruptions occur near oceans, saturated clouds or other
wet areas, the interaction of water and magma can create a unique sort
of eruptive column
Lahar
a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano.
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
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geothermal energy
Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten
underground rocks.
Caldera
a large depression typically caused by collapse or ejection of the summit
area of a volcano
Supervolcano
Massive volcano that can produce unbelievably enormous, but rare,
eruptions.
effusive eruption
is a type of volcanic eruption in which lava steadily flows out to the
volcano onto the ground. relatively gentle, non- explosive.
explosive eruption
Is where magma is violently fragmented and rapidly expelled from a
volcano. It is a violent and unpredictable eruption— the result of magma
that is thicker, stickier (more viscous), and higher in gas content and silica
than that of an effusive eruption; tends to form blockages within a
volcano; produces composite volcanic landforms
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
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high viscosity
Flows slowly (honey)
low viscosity
flows easily (water)
matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
chemical change
a change that produces matter with a different composition than the
original matter, cannot be reversed
physical change
A change in a substance that does not change its identity, can be
reversed
Chemical Properties of Matter
describes the reactivity of the substance in the presence of some other
substance
physical property
The physical characteristics of a substance or element
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atom
Smallest particle of an element
Element
pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom (type of atom)
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together
compound
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
subatomic particles
make up an atom, smaller than an atom; protons, neutrons, electrons
Proton
positive charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus
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Neutrons
no charge, 1 amu, located in the nucleus
Electrons
negative charge, no amu, located outside the nucleus
amu
Atomic Mass Unit; used to indicate mass on an atomic scale. "Mass" of the
atom
Icelandic eruptions
Occur at divergent spreading centers (fissures) runny, low viscosity lava,
low volatiles (dissolved water), relatively high volume, erupt continuously
at low rate known for extensive lava flows, not dangerous
Electropositiveatoms with one or two valence shell electrons, wants to lose an electron
so it would have a positive charge
Carbon-14
a radioactive isotope of carbon used for dating (not online dating)
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
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Ion
A charged atom/element/molecule by adding or subtracting electrons
positively charged ion
positive charged atom/element because it loses electrons
negatively charged ion
negatively charged atom/element because it gains electrons
groups on periodic table
Columns of the periodic table that tell you how many valence electrons
periodic table periods
rows of the periodic table and tell you how many shells
valence electrons
electrons in the outermost shell
Reactivity
How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances
based on how much they want to gain or lose electrons
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alkali metals
Group 1, One VALENCE electron, very reactive, want to lose valence
electron, positive charged once they do
alkaline earth metals
Group 2 TWO VALENCE electrons, highly reactive, want to lose both
valence electrons, positive charged once they do
Halogens
Group 7A/17, SEVEN VALENCE electrons, very reactive, want to gain one
valence electron, negatively charged once they do
noble gases
the elements in Group 8A/18 of the periodic table, no reactivity because
they already have full shell
radioactive isotope
An isotope (an atomic form of a chemical element) that is unstable; the
nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off detectable particles and
energy.
UNIT 3 WHAT WAYS CAN VOLCANOES INFLUENCE CLIMATE?
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Viscosity
resistance to flow
global warming/climate change
shift in weather patterns due to increased concentrations of greenhouse
gases
global coolingthe process in which the atmospheric temperature decreases due to
increase amounts of dust particles from combustion of fossil fuels
Greenhouse gasses are...? Gasses that absorb heat. (Examples: H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O.....)
VOLCANIC GASES DURING ERUPTIONS
water vapor, which is harmless. However, significant amounts of carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen halides can also
be emitted from volcanoes.