8/19/2019 WHO _ Priority Eye Diseases
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19/2/2014 WHO | Priority eye diseases
http://www.who.int/blindness/causes/priority/en/index1.html
Priority eye diseases
Cataract
Definition
Cataract is clouding of the lens of the eye which prevents clear
vision.
Although most cases of cataract are related to the ageing
process,
occasionally children can be born with the condition, or a
cataract may
develop after eye injuries, inflammation, and some other eye
diseases.
Magnitude
According to the latest assessment, cataract is
responsible for 51% of
world blindness, which represents about 20 million people
(2010).
Although cataracts can be surgically removed, in many
countries
barriers exist that prevent patients to access surgery. Cataract
remains
the leading cause of blindness. As people in the world live
longer, the
number of people with cataract is anticipated to grow. Cataract
is also
an important cause of low vision in both developed and
developing
countries.
Prevention and treatment
Reduction of cigarette smoking and ultraviolet light exposure
may
prevent or delay the development of cataract. Diabetes mellitus
and highbody mass index are identified as additional risk
factors.
The treatment of cataract is surgical and very successful in
restoring
sight. The opaque lens is removed and replaced by an
artificial
intraocular lens. In many remote parts of the developing world,
people
remain blind from cataract, due to a lack of access to eye
care.
Strategies for the prevention of blindness in national
programmes
Cataract Surgical Rate (CSR) in WHO Regions (maps)
Cataract blindness – challenges for the 21st century [pdf
256kb]
International Council of Ophthalmology
WHO role
To advocate for the elimination of barriers to access eye care,
to provide
guidance and technical support of the development of
comprehensive
eye care systems to address the burden of cataract and other
chronic
eye diseases.
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Priority eye diseases
1. Main causes of visual
impairment
2. Cataract
3. Trachoma
4. Onchocerciasis (river
blindness)
5. Childhood blindness
6. Refractive errors and low
vision
7. Diabetic retinopathy
8. Glaucoma
9. Age-related macular
degeneration
10. Corneal opacities
11. Genetic eye diseases
Bilateral cataract
Prevention of Blindness and Visual Impairment
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