Which of the pair of terms is NOT related?

Which of the following statements is true about catalysts?Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction.Catalysts are used up during a chemical reaction. Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical reactions.All catalysts are enzymes.

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/art/reaction_catalyst2.gifAAnswer: A5The function of most proteins in the body is To build muscle tissueTo store energyTo help build the cell membraneTo provide the body with quick burst of energy

http://www.vegparadise.com/images/protein2.jpgAAnswer: A2Which element makes the molecules organic?OxygenHydrogenNitrogen Carbon

http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/tableofelements.pngDAnswer: D3Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?CarbohydrateLipidNucleic AcidProtein

http://intrawebnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/can-art-redbull-can-weightlifting-made-from-red-bull-cans.jpgAAnswer: A4What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a reaction started?Activation energyCohesion energyAdhesion energyChemical energy

http://www.fraserking.co.uk/images/kick_off/kick_off_pic3.gifAAnswer:A6Proteins are polymers formed fromLipidsCarbohydratesAmino acidsNucleic acids

http://www.wpclipart.com/toys/blocks/Lego_Blocks.pngCAnswer:C7A person is having trouble losing weight. More than likely, they are NOTTaking in less calories than they are usingThey are burning fat too fastThe body is lacking vitaminsThe exercise is using mostly sugar reserves and not eliminating fat deposits.

http://www.healthylifestylesweightloss.com/uploads/8/1/3/8/8138122/281981.jpgDAnswer:D8All of the following are found in a DNA molecule except-Carbon dioxideDeoxyriboseNitrogenPhosphate

http://www.msg.ucsf.edu/local/programs/ribbons/help/dna_rgb.gifAAnswer:A9Which one of the following Macromolecues does not have any nutrition value and is not listed on a food label?CarbohydratesNucleic acidLipidprotein

http://www.blogcdn.com/www.thatsfit.com/media/2008/09/nutritionallabel.jpgBAnswer: B10A monomer isA type of covalent bond in organic moleculesA neurotransmitter in the brainA building block of an organic moleculeA type of amino acid

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Morpholino-monomer.jpgCAnswer:C11Which group contains only molecules that are each assembled from smaller organic compounds?proteins, water, DNA, fatsProteins, starch, carbon dioxide, waterProteins, DNA, fats, starchProteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch

http://www.enterprisemission.com/images/molecule.gifDAnswer:D12Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures?They have been converted to sugar. Their water content has been reduced.The enzymes shape has been changed.They have combined with another enzyme.

http://blindgossip.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hot-temperature.jpgCAnswer:C13The picture shows a cell model and the solutions associated with it. In this situation the cell will-Gain massShrinkIncrease in solute contentStart to vibrate98% water95% waterPermeable to water onlyBAnswer:B14If the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed what effect would this most likely have on the cell?It would stimulate mitotic cell division.The cell would be unable to synthesize proteins.Development of abnormal hereditary features would occur in the cell.Increased protein absorption would occur through the cell membrane.

http://sgugenetics.pbworks.com/f/1269663451/1269891067/ribosome.jpgBAnswer:B15According to the graph shown, at which pH is the enzyme most active?

6.86.97.17.2AAnswer:A16What are the large molecules that travel in and out of the cell?

CholesterolProteinsLipidscarbohydratesAAnswer:A17Which macromolecule in the cell membrane would be affected directly by the grease-cutting agents in dish soap? CholesterolProteinsLipidsCarbohydrates

http://i.istockimg.com/file_thumbview_approve/8879960/2/stock-illustration-8879960-dish-soap.jpgCAnswer:C18Which organelle makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?LysosomeMitochondriaRibosomePlasma membrane

http://scienceblogs.com/clock/upload/2006/11/a2%20animal%20cell.pngCAnswer:C19What would happen to a marine protozoan (unicellular) if removed from its normal saltwater habitat and placed into a freshwater pool?Loss of water through osmosisLoss of water through active transportGain of water through osmosisGain of water through active transport

http://aquatic2000.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/freshwater-vs-saltwater-520x5622.jpgCAnswer:C20Tonicity

21A student examines a cell under the microscope and determine that it is a eukaryote. Which structure did the student identify in order to come to this conclusion?VacuoleNucleusCell wallRibosome

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_lk6MuzljD_Y/TLIgrpasK7I/AAAAAAAAAAM/MApgFtu3sfo/s1600/13964-Biology-Diagram-Of-Prokaryotic-And-Eukaryotic-Cells-Poster-Art-Print.jpgBAnswer:B22In a plant cell, which organelle is uses light to produce sugar?ChloroplastRibosomesNucleusMitochondrion

http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTPtxw1tem3h26S1WZnMxiwuO76gKT4fx7GiC3ZbvEiBbRevlMk18PCWMEQAA23Which organelle is filled with enzymes and breaks down food and other organelles into molecules the cell can use?LysosomeMitochondriaRibosomePlasma membrane

http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSGHIv06f4z_nYkq0SNgR_FSDtEjCUm03QTixzjp0iJZ3JsfXrdAC0A7MEwAAnswer: A24Eating a sweet potato provides energy for human metabolic processes. The original source of this energy is______The energy in protein molecules stored within the potato.From starch molecules absorbed by the potato plant.Made available by photosynthesisIn vitamins and minerals found in the soil.

http://www.justasdelish.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/SweetPotato.jpgCAnswer:C25The process of photosynthesis and respiration can be thought of as a cycle because-One is used only by plants and the other is used only by animalsBoth give off oxygen to be used by animalsThe products of one are used as the raw materials of the otherThey both have same purposehttp://elinow-bioreview2.wikispaces.com/file/view/cycle.gif/191496710/cycle.gif

CAnswer:C26The function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is toBind carbon dioxide to waterSplit to produce oxygenTrap light energyAct as a source of carbon dioxide

http://dvbiology.org/biologyweb/bphoto_files/image008.jpgCAnswer:C271. What is the monomer for Carbohydrates.SugarMonosaccharideFatty acidNucleic acid

BAnswer:B282. Changing GTGC CTGCWhat type of mutation is this?Deletion DuplicationSubstitutionInsertion

CAnswer:C293. A plant cell is different from animal cell because a plant cell has:NucleusCell wallMitochondriaDNA

BAnswer:B30 What should go into box 5?Carbon dioxideGlucoseOxygenWater

4.5.AAnswer: A31 What is the name of the process?PhotosynthesisCellular RespirationsAutotrophHeterotroph

4.5.AAnswer: A32An organism that can make their own food are called?AutotrophsHeterotrophsNanotrophsNeotrophs

AAnswer: A33People who have been exposed to excessive radiation often experience mutations in their chromosomes. What conclusions can be made, if these mutations occur in the chromosomes of skin cells?They will pass on the mutation to their offspring.They will experience an increased risk of cancerTheir skin cells may turn into liver cellsThey may develop entirely new chromosomes in all of their cells.

http://library.thinkquest.org/J003411/media/suntan.gifBAnswer:B34Which statement best expresses the relationship between the three structures represented above?

DNA is produced from protein and absorbed by the cell.

Protein is composed of DNA that is produced by the cell.

DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.

Cells make DNA by digesting protein.CAnswer:C35DNA

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?Sugar, Phosphate Group, Nitrogenous BaseIn DNA what are the 4 Nitrogenous bases?AdenineThymineGuanineCytosineAdenine pairs with who?ThymineGuanine pairs with who?CytosineIf there are 30% adenine how many % of thymine are there?___%Cytosine?30% thymine20% cytosineWhat is the shape of DNA called?Double HelixWhich 2 part of the nucleotide makes the backbone of DNA?Sugar and PhosphateName 3 differences between DNA and RNARNA has Uracil/DNA has ThymineRNA is single strand/ DNA is doubleRNA can leave the nucleus where DNA can notWhat is the name of the bond that holds the nitrogenous bases together?Hydrogen Bond

Cell Growth and Division

The Cell cycle consists of 4 stages what are they?G1 S phaseG2MitosisWhich 3 stage of cell cycle is Interphase?G1, S phase, G2What is happening to the DNA in S Phase?DNA is ReplicatedWhat are the 4 phases of Mitosis?ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseDuring Metaphase what is happening to the chromosome?They line up in the middleWhat type of cell is made through Mitosis?Somatic Cells, Body cellsAfter Mitosis how many daughter cells are created?Are they identical?2 Daughter cellsYesAre the daughter cells diploid or haploid through mitosis?Diploid =2nSame as parentMeiosis

What type of cells are made through meiosis?Sex cellsGametes: Sperm and EggHow many daughter cells are made through meiosis?4 Daughter cellsAre the daughter cells of meiosis haploid or diploid?1n Haploid number if parentIf a parent cell has 8 chromosomes, after meiosis how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?4 chromosomesWhat is cancer?Uncontrolled Cell growthWhat are some environmental factors that can affect our genes/ cancer?Drugs, Chemicals, sun, pollution, radiation, temperature, mutation etcTranscription and Translation

Where can you find mRNA?Nucleus and cytoplasm (ribosome)What is the purpose of mRNA?To take DNAs message to Ribosome to make proteinsWhat is the nitrogenous bases that is only found in RNA not DNA?UracilA Codon is made up of how many nitrogen bases?3What does RNA polymerase do?It adds RNA nitrogen base to DNAWhere does protein synthesis take place?RibosomeWhat is the name of RNA that is found in the Ribosome?tRNAWhat are the monomers of protein?Amino AcidsWhat is the job of tRNA?To add amino acids by reading mRNA codons and make proteinsWhat is translation?Turning mRNAs codon into Amino Acids and ultimately proteinsThe reactants needed for photosynthesis includeOxygen and waterCarbon dioxide and waterGlucose and oxygenGlucose and carbon dioxide

http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/img_autumn/photosynthesis3.gifBBB73A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced and what number of chromosomes do they have?2 daughter cells; 5 chromosomes each1 daughter cell; 10 chromosomes each4 daughter cells; 20 chromosomes each2 daughter cells; 10 chromosomes each

http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/illustrations/mitosismeiosis.jpgDD74Which stage of mitosis is this?ProphaseAnaphaseMetaphaseTelophasehttp://www.fourcroy.org/biology/chapters/06_Mitosis/pictures/mitosis.gif

BB75During Anaphase, spindle fibers form to ensureSister chromatids are separated evenlyChromosomes are togetherAllow the DNA to replicateDuplication of chromosomes

http://www.riaxin.com/images/cells/cd5t.gifAA76How many daughter cells is produced from meiosis?2 identical daughter cells5 different daughter cells4 different daughter cells4 identical daughter cellsCC77Base on the diagram we can infer thatThe daughter cells will have same amount of chromosomes as the parent.The daughter cells will have double the amount as parents.The daughter cells will have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

http://www.bio.georgiasouthern.edu/bio-home/harvey/lect/images/meiosis.gifEggCC78What stage of mitosis is this?ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophasehttp://www.fourcroy.org/biology/chapters/06_Mitosis/pictures/mitosis.gif

BB79The human liver contains many specialized cells that secrete bile. Only these cells produce bile because

A. different cells use different parts of the genetic information they contain.B. cells can eliminate the genetic codes that they do not need.C. all of the other cells in the body lack the genes needed for the production of bile.D. these cells mutated during embryonic development.

http://image.shutterstock.com/display_pic_with_logo/386113/386113,1270670899,4/stock-vector-on-off-switch-50459146.jpgAA80Several matings between the same male black guinea pig and female brown guinea pig produce a total of 14 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If black is dominant and brown is recessive, what are the genotypes of the parents? A. BB bbB. Bb bbC. BB BbD. Bb Bb

http://www.saveacavy.com/images/juliejenny1-1.jpgBB81What are the 6 kingdom?Animalia, plantae, protista, fungi, eubacteria, archaebacteriaAnimalia, google, yahoo, salt, pepper, bacteria, germsLipids, fats, sugar, protein, carbohydrates, waterhttp://www.potosisd.k12.wi.us/staff/hutchcroft/six_kingdoms.gif

AA82Which 2 kingdoms are prokaryote?Eubacteria and animaliaFungi and protistsArchaebacteria and eubacteriaArchaebacteria and plantaehttp://www.potosisd.k12.wi.us/staff/hutchcroft/six_kingdoms.gif

CC83A: CIn the above diagram is a comparison of the DNA sequences of Homo Sapiens (human), Pan troglodytes (chimp); Gorilla gorilla (gorilla); and Pongo pygmaeus (pygmy chimp). Remember that A is adenine; T is thymine; G is guanine and C is cytosine. In looking at the Homo sapiens (human) and Pan troglodytes (chimp) DNA sequence, the chimp DNA differs from the human DNA by how many nucleotide bases? a.7b. 1c. 3d. 0

A: AErwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms Electron Configuration within a single species. Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine. Which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is nearly 1:1?a.Adenine and thymine pair with each other."b. Adenine binds with phosphates, while thymine binds with nitrates."c. Adenine and thymine are identical in chemical composition."d. Adenine bases contain a form of thymine.

Thymine-guanine-thymine-cytosine describes a. nucleotides within an RNA strandb. a sequence of bases within a DNA sectionc. points of DNA separation during protein synthesisd. tRNA codons for specific amino acids

A: BA: CWhich of these will complete the mRNA strand matched to DNA?CAGAUGGUCUAC

Which of these functions most like the "brain" of a cell?a. The nucleusb. The Golgi apparatusc. The mitochondriond. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A: AA: CWhich statement best expresses the relationship between the three structures represented above?A. DNA is produced from protein absorbed by the cell.B. Protein is composed of DNA that is produced by the cell.C. DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.D. Cells make DNA by digesting protein.

What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide? A. ribose (sugar), phosphate, thymineB. deoxyribose (sugar), amino acid, phosphateC. ribose (sugar), phosphate, uracilD. deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate, nitrogenous base

A: DA: AThe diagram above shows how an mRNA molecule is synthesized. What else could you use to determine if the model will build a specific kind of protein? A. You would need to know the specific sequence of nitrogen bases.B. You would need to know the kind of sugar involved.C. The model would need to describe if you are viewing a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryotic cell.D. The model would need to describe if there are lysosomes present.

A: CIn order to make enough energy from the product of cellular respiration, your bodya. Requires C02 in order to make enough ATP to sustain your body for even a minute.b. Requires three molecules of glucose for every ATP molecule produced.c. Requires three phosphate molecules on each ATP molecule to be fully charged.d. Requires sugar and nothing else to make enough ATP

During Mitosis, the Spindle A.Helps break down the nuclear envelope.B.Helps the cytoplasm pinch in half.Helps separate the chromosomes. Helps the cell enter the Lysogenic Phase

A: CA: AThe diagram above represents a cell process.Which statement regarding this process is correct?a. Cell B contains the same genetic information that cells A and C contain.b. Cell C has DNA that is only 50% identical to cell B.c. Cell A has DNA that is only 75% identical to cell B.d. Cells A, B, and C contain completely different genetic information.

A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced and what number of chromosomes do they have?a. 2 daughter cells; 5 chromosomes eachb. 1 daughter cell; 10 chromosomes eachc. 4 daughter cells; 20 chromosomes eachd. 2 daughter cells; 10 chromosomes each

A: DA: CThe diagram below represents chromosomes in a zygote. Which diagrams best illustrate the daughter cells that result from normal mitotic cell division of this zygote?A.

B.

C.

D.

A: AThe diagram above illustrates a process by which energy is released in organisms. The energy released in this process was originally present in:a. sunlight and then transferred to sugarb. sunlight and then transferred to oxygenc. the oxygen and then transferred to sugard. the sugar and then transferred to oxygen

Which word equation summarizes photosynthesis? water + starch ---> glucose + glucose + glucose energy +water + carbon dioxide ---> oxygen + glucose glucose + oxygen ---> water + carbon dioxide + ATP glucose + glucose ---> maltose + water

A: BA: CAccording to the chart above the processes of photosynthesis and respiration can be thought of as a cycle becauseone is used only by plants and the other is used only by animalsboth give off oxygen to be used by animalsthe products of one are used as the raw materials of the other they both have the same purpose

A: CWhat inference can be made from the diagram shown above? A. The sperm will have double the amount of chromosomes as the parent cell.B. None of the cells made copies of their chromosomesC. The sperm will have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.D. There is no relationship between the numbers of chromosomes in the parent or sperm cells.

A: CIn the diagram above, in which structure would homologous pairs of chromosomes normally be present.A. 1, onlyB. 2, onlyC. 3, onlyD. either 1 or 2

Question 1: Identify the mutationsA.

B.

C.

DELETIONSUBSTITUTIONINSERTION102Question 2: Which combination represents a heterozygous individual for a trait?Aa

BB

aB

ABAA103Question 3: What type of cross is represented in the picture?Incomplete dominance

Mutation

Crossing over

Nondisjunction

AA104Question 4: white fruit color (W) is dominant over yellow fruit color (w) and disk-shaped fruit (D) is dominant over sphere-shaped fruit (d) (parents: WwDd X WwDd)Look at the offspring and answer the following.

How many are white and disk shaped?

How many are white and sphere shaped?

How many are yellow and disk shaped?

How many are yellow and sphere shaped?

9331105Question 5: Describe frame shift mutations and give the two types of mutations that are frame shifts. Question 6: Define gametes Question 7: Where does a mutation need to occur in order to be passed on to the offspring (children)?Question 8: Black is dominant; brown is recessive. The offspring are 14 black and 14 brown. What are the genotypes of the parents? Check by making a punnett square. BB b

Bb Bb

C. Bb bb

D. BB Bb

CCC109Question 9: A homozygous tall (TT) is crossed with a homozygous short (tt). What percentage of the offspring will be tall? Tall =Question 10: Cross two heterozygous (Tt) tall plants and find the genotypes and phenotypes.Genotype:

Phenotype:

Question 11: Look at the chart and the parents at the bottom of the chart. If you cross the two parents, which trait will all the offspring have?

Question 12: Illustrate a deletion mutation in chromosomes. (pg. 308)Draw original chromosome here.Draw chromosome with deletion mutation here.Question 13: Black is dominant and white is recessive. Looking at the chart, describe how if the 1st generation (F1) only had black rabbits how did white rabbits show up in the 2nd (F2) generation?

Question 14: Widows peak is dominant and straight hairline is recessive. Dad has widows peak; Mom has straight hairline; child has straight hairline. What is the genotype of dad?Question 15: Illustrate a translocation mutation in chromosomes. (pg. 308)Draw original chromosome here.Draw chromosome with translocation mutation here.Question 16: Which of the following is best supported by the information above?

Mutations located on chromosome 17 will result in cancer.

Mutated BRCA1 alleles are only one factor involved in cancer.Cancerous growth will cause a mutation in some BRCA1 alleles.

d. Women with a mutant allele of BRCA1 will develop cancer.

BB117Question 17: What type of mutation is represented in the picture below if gene 1 is normal and gene 2 is abnormal?

Question 18: Looking at the offspring in the punnett square, take a female and cross her with a male.

Genotypes:

Phenotypes:

Special notes: All cells in the body contain the same DNA.Cells undergo differentiation to develop different organs in the body.The function of the cell determines which genes will be expressed.Genes are regulated to determine which genes are turned on and off.