when, where, why

引导的定语从句

引导词 　指代内容 　　充当成分　 who 　　　　 whom　 that　 which

　 whose 　　 when　 where　 why

人 主／宾／表人 宾

人／事物 主／宾／表事物 主／宾

人的／事物的时间状语地点状语原因状语

时间地点原因

定 ( 后通常加名词或代词 )

初步感知－ P37 Exercise 21. The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.2. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.3. The time when I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.4. The government building where we voted was very tall.5. The date when I arrived was late at night.

1. The mines _______ I worked were 9 km from my home.

2. The reason _______ I got a job was because of my hard work.

3. The time _______ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.

4. The government building _______ we voted was very tall.

5. The date ______I arrived was late at night

如何来确定引导词 ?

如何来确定引导词 ?方法一：根据先行词

方法二：还原法 ( 把先行词还原到定语从句中去 )例一：　The mines ______ I worked were 9 km from my home.

I worked _________________. in the mines

地点状语

　 where / in which

例二：　The reason ________I got a job was because of my hard work.

I got a job _______________. for the reason

原因状语

　 why / for which

例三：　The time ＿＿＿＿ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.I joined the ANC ______________.

at the time

时间状语

　 when / at which

例四： The government building　＿＿＿＿ we voted was very tall.

We voted ________________. in the building

地点状语

　 where / in which

例五： The date ＿＿＿＿＿ I arrived was late at night.

I arrived ________________. on the date

时间状语

　 when / on which

1. The time ______ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.

2. The school ______ I studied for only two years was 3 km away.

3. The day _______ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.

4. The parts of town ________ they had to live were decided by white people.

5. The places _______ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.

when / at which

where / in which

when / on which

where / in which

where / in which

1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town ______ he grew up as a child.

A. which B. where C. that D. when2. It was an exciting moment for these people this

year, ______ for the first time their team won the World Cup.

A. that B. while C. which D. when D

B

I’ll never forget the day ________ we worked together.

when / on which

I’ll never forget the day_________ we spent happily together.

which / that

比较

We worked together on the day.

We spent the day happily together.

1. I will always remember the hours _____________ we lived together.

I will always remember the hours ____________ we spent together.

2. Can you still think of the village

______________he once worked?

Can you still think of the village

______________ he once visited?

when / in which

(which/that)

where / in which

(which / that)

总结1. 引导词的确定必须用还原法2. 先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用 “ when/where/why” 来引导3. “when/where/why” 通常可以替换成 “介词＋ which”( 仅限于定语从句中 )

4. 如果先行词是表示 “时间 / 地点 / 原因”的词 , 引导词并不一定是 “ when/where/why” ，也有可能是 “ which/that” ，

介词前置的定语从句

1. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 2. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 3. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 4. It was a prison from which no one escaped. 5. He is a man of great experience, from whom much can be learned. 6. Chapin, for whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 7. Antarctica, about which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.

介词前置的定语从句1.　 考点一：　引导词 which,　whom2.　 考点二：介词的确定方法：还原法－先行词还原到定语从句中去 , 看看它与定语从句之间需要哪个介词来连接．

例一：　Mandela was the black lawyer ______whom I went for advice. ______ whom I went for advice.

I went ______ Mandela for advice.to

to

例二：　It was a prison ______ which no one escaped.

______ which no one escaped.

No one escaped ______ the prison.from

from

Can you work them out????????

1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.

2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.

3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.

4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet?

for

about

on

without

定语从句补充内容

They live in a house, whose door opensto the south.

whose 可以转换为 “ of +which”, 即whose + n. = the +n. +of+ which

=of+ which + the +n.

一 . whose 引导的定语从句

They lived in a house, of which the door opens to the south.

They lived in a house, the door of which open to the south.

Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ roof is under repair.

A. which B. whose C. that D. of which

the

二 . 先行词是 way, 引导词通常是 in which/that/ 省略

____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth .

_____ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth .

As

It

三 . as 引导定语从句，通常以下面句式出现　　 As is known to all, … 　　　 　　　　　 As we all know, …

1. I have borrowed many books, many of _______ are about music. 2. I have borrowed many books, and many of ________ are about music.

1. There are 50 students in their class, most of ________ are from Tonglu. 2. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _______ are from Tonglu.

which

them

whom

them

四 . 有 and, but, so 等连词连接的复合句 不是定语从句，不需要用引导词去引导．

综合练习

1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.

2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?

3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.

4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.^

^

__( 去掉 )

which__to

the one

5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.

6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.

7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.

8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.

in

when

___

who___

(that/which)

^

^

9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.

10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.

11. We heard the news which our team won the game.

12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.

____

that____

that ____

why

it

____

13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.

14. That was the reason because she looked old.

15. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.as

who

______

____

why

^

16. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.

17. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.

18. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.

that

____

_____As

that

____