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What molecules make up living things?. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. What is an organic molecule?. Must contain the element _______ Found in living organisms Some organic molecules contain _________ and _________ Some contain nitrogen (only_______). What is an inorganic molecule?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What molecules make up living things?
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
What is an organic molecule?
• Must contain the element _______• Found in living organisms
• Some organic molecules contain _________ and _________
• Some contain nitrogen (only_______)
What is an inorganic molecule?
• Any molecule that is not organic is _________
• Does not contain ________– Exception is ____ doesn’t contain H
LIVING THINGS CONTAIN BOTH ORGANIC
AND INORGANIC MOLECULES
4 Kinds of Organic Compounds
• __________• __________• __________• __________
THESE MOLECULES CAN ALSO BE CALLED ___________________
_____= BIG , MOLECULES= DIFFERENT
How do carbohydrates look?
• ____ shaped
• Contains C,H,O
Carbohydrate Scientific Name
• Monosaccharide is the monomer (building block) name
Mono=one monosaccharide(single carb) glucose• Monosaccharides can join together to form…
Di= two disaccharide (double sugar)
glucose+ glucose= maltose
glucose +fructose= sucrose
glucose+ galactose= lactose
Poly more than two (polysaccharide)
Examples of Carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides – Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose
• Dissacharides – sucrose, lactose, maltose
• Polysaccharides– Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Carbohydrates- Biological Function and Features
• Main source of usable ______ for organisms• Used in the presence of oxygen to generate cellular energy
(ATP)= cellular respiration• Carbohydrates make up part of our cell membrane
(hydrophobic)• Sweet in flavor
– ______ is an important complex carbohydrate made from glucose
– _________ is a carbohydrate that make up plant cell walls raw veggies are crunchy because you are eating the cell wall
– We store carbohydrates in the liver in a form called GLYCOGEN
Carbohydrate Chain on Outside of cell membrane
How do living things obtain these carbohydrates?
• Food that they eat – Grains and plants
How are these molecules made and biochemically stored in organisms? Dehydration
Synthesis (Condensation)
How does condensation occur?
• One molecule of water is lost for every monosaccharide molecules that come together.
• Two molecules are then covalently bonded.
• Can continue to form long chains called polymers
How do organisms break large carbohydrates for usage?
• Hydrolysis
• Using water to split di- and poly-saccharides in order to form monosaccharides (glucose)
• The monosaccharides can then be used by cell to generate cell energy (ATP)
Hydrolysis
Animation
• http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html
Lipids
• Also known as ____ or ____– Fat: solid at room temperature– Oil: liquid at room temp
Monomer building blocks of two parts: Glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Forming a lipid molecule
3 fatty acids molecules1 glycerol
Process used to form a lipid molecule
• ___________ (Dehydration Synthesis)
• 3 Water molecules are drawn out to form one lipid molecule
• Forms a triglyceride molecule
Lipid formation animation
• http://nutrition.jbpub.com/resources/animations.cfm?id=10&debug=0
One Lipid moleculeSHAPED LIKE A LETTER E
Biological Function
• Lipids chiefly function in ______ storage, protection, and ________ in living things
• A main component of cell membranes – Fats: found in animals– Oils: found in animals and plants.
Waxes: found in plants
solid at room temp.– ________: contain fat compounds ( biological
hormones, cholesterol)
Ways to Recognize a Lipid
• 3 Fatty acid chains• Shaped like a letter E• Large and long
molecule
Types of lipids (fats)
• Unsaturated lipid (fats): – the fatty acid component contains C bonded
to C using a double bond or a triple bond
Types of lipids (fats)
• Polyunsaturated Lipids
These lipids have more than one double or triple bond in their fatty acid tails
• Saturated lipids (fats): all carbon in the fatty acid chains are single bonded
What is a protein?
• _______ are organic molecules that play an important role in
• _____ and _____ of cells
• Can be used for _____
• Helps to keep a stable body temperature(_________)
• Growth and repair and support of muscle tissue, hair, skin, nails (ex. Keratin and collagen)
• Carry out genetic _______ from the nucleus (in ___)
• Helps to speed up biochemical reactions (_______)
• Fighting off infections (antibodies)
Composition of Proteins
• Monomer: _______ _____
• 3 Parts to an amino acid: Amino _____, __ side chain, _______ acid group
How do amino acids come together?
• ____________ ________ (condensation)
• Results in a _________ BOND
How do amino acids come together
How do amino acids form proteins? Condensation/ Dehydration Synthesis
• Forms a _______ ______ when amino acids combine
• 2 a.a. coming together= __PEPTIDE
• 3 or more a.a. coming together = ____PEPTIDE
• 50-3000 a.a. linked together considered a PROTEIN
Animation- Protein
• http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html
How can proteins change?
• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/proteinstructure.html
What are nucleic acids?
• Compounds that contain ________ and _________ in addition to other organic elements C,O,H
• Found in ___________ material in the form of ____ or ____
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Contains the genetic hereditary code that makes each of us different. Our genetic “blueprint”
What is RNA?
• RNA= _________ _____
• RNA is _______ stranded
• Controls genetic messages of the cell to form ________ for the cell.(takes place in ________)
Monomer for Nucleic Acids
• Arranged as repeating NUCLEOTIDES
RNA Picture