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WHAT MAKES US SICK?
VIRUSES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PARASITES AND OTHER BUGS
MICROBES THAT CAUSE DISEASE ARE CALLED “PATHOGENS”
Types of bacteria
Arrangements of Bacteria
Diplococcus
Streptococcus
Tetrad
Sarcina
Staphylococcus
Bacterial Diseases
Tooth decay Lyme disease Tetanus Tuberculosis Salmonella Pneumonia Cholera
Viruses: Are they alive?
Viruses have No membranes No cytoplasm No source of energy
They do haveA protein coat or capsidDNA or RNA
rabies virus herpes virus
bacteriophage
tobaccomosaic plant virusmeasles virus
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Viruses vary greatly in size and shape!
If a bacterium were the size of a football field, one of these viruses would be the width of a human hair compared to it!!!!
proteins
proteincoat
envelope(lipid bilayer)
genetic material(viral RNA) coated with protein
Life cycles of viruses
Two life cycles: Lysogenic – the viral DNA is inserted into
the host cells DNA and replicates with the host cell. The organism has no symptoms of the virus in this stage
Lytic – The virus replicates itself using the cells ribosomes, amino acids, and nucleotides. It is reassembled inside the host cell and bursts (lyses) the host cell. The organims that is infected has symptoms of the virus in this stage
Treatment for viruses
Once you get a virus it is yours to keep
The treatment is to prevent getting a virus by giving a vaccination against the virus
Childhood vaccinations
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a virus that attacks the throat and heart. It can lead to heart failure and death
Tetanus
Tetanus is also called “lockjaw”. It can lead to severe muscle spasms and death
Polio Vaccine
Can be given orally or injected Given 4 times Polio can cause muscle pain and
paralysis of one or both legs or arms. It can also paralyze the muscles used to
breathe and swallow. It can lead to death
Measles
Causes fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes
Can also cause ear infections and pneumonia
Can lead to brain swelling and death if untreated
Chicken Pox: Varicella Virus
HBV: Hepatitis Virus
Woman with liver cancer caused by the hepatitis virus
Fungal Diseases
Athlete’s Foot Yeast infections Ringworm Food spoilage
Transmission
Airborne (coughing, sneezing) Physical contact Contaminated water/food Infected animals Sexually Blood borne