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What is the Survival of Adélie Penguins due to Climate Change: A Study on Population Dynamics. By: Jessica Caton. Introduction to Population Ecology. What is a population? A group of individuals of a single species inhabiting a specific area (Molles 2010, p. 202) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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What is the Survival of Adélie Penguins due to Climate
Change: A Study on Population Dynamics
By: Jessica Caton
Introduction to Population Ecology
• What is a population?– A group of individuals of a single species
inhabiting a specific area (Molles 2010, p. 202)
– Size range from centimeters to millions of square kilometers
Population Dynamics An area of population ecology concerned with
the factors influencing the expansion, decline, or maintenance of populations (Molles 2010, p. 222)
Why study population dynamics? – Saving endangered species – Controlling invasive species – Maintaining important populations– Growth of human population
Antarctic Species of Interest:Adélie Penguin
(Pygoscelis adeliae) • Physical appearance:
– Medium-sized (2 feet tall), black and white – Angular head and tiny bill– White eyering – Longest feather on body is the tail
• Smallest penguin in Antarctica
• One of the pack ice Antarctic penguins
• Most numerous bird in Antarctica
Adélie Penguins and Climate Change
• One of the best studied birds
• Changing population of species: numbers dropped a third
• Sea-ice decline, Adélie penguin populations decline
• Evolution of environmental instability?
Life Tables A table that uses age specific
information to estimate important population dynamic traits on a population
Types of Life Tables • Cohort Life Tables
(horizontal) • Static Life Tables
(vertical)
After reviewing both concepts click HERE
Cohort Life Table Time
Cohort (horizontal)
A table based on individuals born at the same time (Molles 2010, p. 230)
Static Life Table
•A life table constructed by recording the age at death of a large number of individuals•A snapshot of survival within a population during a short interval of time (Molles 2010, p. 231)
Time
Static (vertical)
Data Collection for Life Table
Age (x) Nx Bx
0 16 02-4 8 05-7 5 28-10 2 4
Age (x) Nx Bx
0 1000 0
1 186 0
2 58 690
3 34 465
4 22 314
5 12 201
6 5 87
7 2 35
8 0 0
Age (x) Nx Bx lx mx lxmx xlxmx
0 1000 0 11 186 02 58 6903 34 4654 22 3145 12 2016 5 877 2 358 0 0
Total
Age (x) Nx Bx lx mx lxmx xlxmx
0 1000 0 1 0 0 01 186 0 0.186 0 0 02 58 690 0.058 11.9 0.69 1.383 34 465 0.034 13.68 0.47 1.394 22 314 0.022 14.27 0.31 1.265 12 201 0.012 16.75 0.20 1.006 5 87 0.005 17.4 0.09 0.527 2 35 0.002 17.5 0.04 0.258 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 1.79 5.80R0 3.24
T
Variables• X = Age• N = Population
size• B = Birth rate• l =
Survivorship• m = Average
offspring
• T= generation time
• r = per capita rate of increase
• R0 = Net reproductive rate
Calculations
Interpreting• Age structure = NX
• Generation time = T (am I in your generation)
• Per capita rate of increase = r (-, 0, +)
• Net reproductive rate = R0 (0, <1, >1)
Survival and Mortality in a Population of Adélie Penguins
(Ainley & DeMaster 1980)
Survivorship Curve• A graphical summary of patterns of survival
in a population (Molles 2010, p. 231)
• Three types:– Type 1 = High mortality in
older individuals– Type 2 =Constant mortality rate– Type 3 =High mortality in juveniles
Type 1
Survivorship Curve Home
Type 2
Survivorship Curve Home
Type 3
Survivorship Curve Home